retroactivity standard in North Carolina

8 North Carolina opinions name it 2 courts 1971–2025 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by North Carolina courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (5)

Case	Followed	Cited
United States v. Wilsongreen scotus · 1833 · cited in 3 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020 2 sentences 2020Indeed, in explaining why a parliamentary pardon need not be formally pleaded, as opposed to a traditional executive pardon, the Court in Keith stated that “[t]he reason why a Court must, ex officio, take notice of a pardon by act of parliament, is that it is considered as a public law; having the same effect on the case as if the general law punishing the offence had been repealed or amended.” Keith, 63 N.C. at 143 (quoting United States v. Wilson, 32 U.S. 150, 163 (1833)). 2020Indeed, in explaining why a parliamentary pardon need not be formally pleaded, as opposed to a traditional executive pardon, the Court in Keith stated that “[t]he reason why a Court must, ex officio, take notice of a pardon by act of parliament, is that it is considered as a public law; having the same effect on the case as if the general law punishing the offence had been repealed or amended.” Keith, 63 N.C. at 143 (quoting United States v. Wilson, 32 U.S. 150, 163 (1833)).	3	3
State v. Jacksongreen nc · 1986 · cited in 2 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994 2 sentences 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 94 L. 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 94 L.	2	2
Allen v. United Statesgreen scotus · 1987 · cited in 2 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994 2 sentences 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 107 S.Ct. 1271 , 94 L.Ed.2d 133 (1987); State v. Hankerson, 288 N.C. 632 , 220 S.E.2d 575 (1975), reversed on other grounds, 432 U.S. 233 , 97 S.Ct. 2339 , 53 L.Ed.2d 306 (1977); State v. Swann, 275 N.C. 644 , 170 S.E.2d 611 (1969); State v. Fox, 274 N.C. 277 , 163 S.E.2d 492 (1968); State v. Bullock, 268 N.C. 560 , 151 S.E.2d 9 (1966); State v. Mills, 268 N.C. 142 , 150 S.E.2d 13 (1966); State v. Hager, 12 N.C.App. 90 , 182 S.E.2d 588 (1971); Yarborough v. State, 6 N.C.App. 663 , 171 S.E.2d 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 94 L.	2	2
Gardner v. Gardnergreen nc · 1980 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025 1 sentence 2025See id. at 719–20.	1	1
Hines v. Alabamagreen scotus · 1987 · cited in 1 North Carolina opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994 1 sentence 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 107 S.Ct. 1271 , 94 L.Ed.2d 133 (1987); State v. Hankerson, 288 N.C. 632 , 220 S.E.2d 575 (1975), reversed on other grounds, 432 U.S. 233 , 97 S.Ct. 2339 , 53 L.Ed.2d 306 (1977); State v. Swann, 275 N.C. 644 , 170 S.E.2d 611 (1969); State v. Fox, 274 N.C. 277 , 163 S.E.2d 492 (1968); State v. Bullock, 268 N.C. 560 , 151 S.E.2d 9 (1966); State v. Mills, 268 N.C. 142 , 150 S.E.2d 13 (1966); State v. Hager, 12 N.C.App. 90 , 182 S.E.2d 588 (1971); Yarborough v. State, 6 N.C.App. 663 , 171 S.E.2d	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in North Carolina. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (16)

Case	Cited	Years
State v. . Keith green · 1869 2 sentences 2020Indeed, in explaining why a parliamentary pardon need not be formally pleaded, as opposed to a traditional executive pardon, the Court in Keith stated that “[t]he reason why a Court must, ex officio, take notice of a pardon by act of parliament, is that it is considered as a public law; having the same effect on the case as if the general law punishing the offence had been repealed or amended.” Keith, 63 N.C. at 143 (quoting United States v. Wilson, 32 U.S. 150, 163 (1833)). 2020Indeed, in explaining why a parliamentary pardon need not be formally pleaded, as opposed to a traditional executive pardon, the Court in Keith stated that “[t]he reason why a Court must, ex officio, take notice of a pardon by act of parliament, is that it is considered as a public law; having the same effect on the case as if the general law punishing the offence had been repealed or amended.” Keith, 63 N.C. at 143 (quoting United States v. Wilson, 32 U.S. 150, 163 (1833)).	3	2020–2020
Teague v. Lane green scotus · 1989 2 sentences 1994Adopting the retroactivity standard announced in Teague v. Lane, 489 U.S. 288 , 103 L. 1994Adopting the retroactivity standard announced in Teague v. Lane, 489 U.S. 288 , 103 L.	2	1994–1994
Swanson v. State green nc · 1991 2 sentences 1994Ed. 2d 296 (1971), and adopted by this Court in the subsequently vacated decision of Swanson v. State of North Carolina, 329 N.C. 576 , 407 S.E.2d 791 , on reh’g, 330 N.C. 390 , 410 S.E.2d 490 (1991), vacated, — U.S. —, 125 L. 1994Ed. 2d 296 (1971), and adopted by this Court in the subsequently vacated decision of Swanson v. State of North Carolina, 329 N.C. 576 , 407 S.E.2d 791 , on reh’g, 330 N.C. 390 , 410 S.E.2d 490 (1991), vacated, — U.S. —, 125 L.	1	1994–1994
Swanson v. State neutral nc · 1991 2 sentences 1994Ed. 2d 296 (1971), and adopted by this Court in the subsequently vacated decision of Swanson v. State of North Carolina, 329 N.C. 576 , 407 S.E.2d 791 , on reh’g, 330 N.C. 390 , 410 S.E.2d 490 (1991), vacated, — U.S. —, 125 L. 1994Ed. 2d 296 (1971), and adopted by this Court in the subsequently vacated decision of Swanson v. State of North Carolina, 329 N.C. 576 , 407 S.E.2d 791 , on reh’g, 330 N.C. 390 , 410 S.E.2d 490 (1991), vacated, — U.S. —, 125 L.	1	1994–1994
State v. Branch neutral ncctapp · 1968 2 sentences 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 107 S.Ct. 1271 , 94 L.Ed.2d 133 (1987); State v. Hankerson, 288 N.C. 632 , 220 S.E.2d 575 (1975), reversed on other grounds, 432 U.S. 233 , 97 S.Ct. 2339 , 53 L.Ed.2d 306 (1977); State v. Swann, 275 N.C. 644 , 170 S.E.2d 611 (1969); State v. Fox, 274 N.C. 277 , 163 S.E.2d 492 (1968); State v. Bullock, 268 N.C. 560 , 151 S.E.2d 9 (1966); State v. Mills, 268 N.C. 142 , 150 S.E.2d 13 (1966); State v. Hager, 12 N.C.App. 90 , 182 S.E.2d 588 (1971); Yarborough v. State, 6 N.C.App. 663 , 171 S.E.2d 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 107 S.Ct. 1271 , 94 L.Ed.2d 133 (1987); State v. Hankerson, 288 N.C. 632 , 220 S.E.2d 575 (1975), reversed on other grounds, 432 U.S. 233 , 97 S.Ct. 2339 , 53 L.Ed.2d 306 (1977); State v. Swann, 275 N.C. 644 , 170 S.E.2d 611 (1969); State v. Fox, 274 N.C. 277 , 163 S.E.2d 492 (1968); State v. Bullock, 268 N.C. 560 , 151 S.E.2d 9 (1966); State v. Mills, 268 N.C. 142 , 150 S.E.2d 13 (1966); State v. Hager, 12 N.C.App. 90 , 182 S.E.2d 588 (1971); Yarborough v. State, 6 N.C.App. 663 , 171 S.E.2d	1	1994–1994
State v. Swann green nc · 1969 2 sentences 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 107 S.Ct. 1271 , 94 L.Ed.2d 133 (1987); State v. Hankerson, 288 N.C. 632 , 220 S.E.2d 575 (1975), reversed on other grounds, 432 U.S. 233 , 97 S.Ct. 2339 , 53 L.Ed.2d 306 (1977); State v. Swann, 275 N.C. 644 , 170 S.E.2d 611 (1969); State v. Fox, 274 N.C. 277 , 163 S.E.2d 492 (1968); State v. Bullock, 268 N.C. 560 , 151 S.E.2d 9 (1966); State v. Mills, 268 N.C. 142 , 150 S.E.2d 13 (1966); State v. Hager, 12 N.C.App. 90 , 182 S.E.2d 588 (1971); Yarborough v. State, 6 N.C.App. 663 , 171 S.E.2d 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 107 S.Ct. 1271 , 94 L.Ed.2d 133 (1987); State v. Hankerson, 288 N.C. 632 , 220 S.E.2d 575 (1975), reversed on other grounds, 432 U.S. 233 , 97 S.Ct. 2339 , 53 L.Ed.2d 306 (1977); State v. Swann, 275 N.C. 644 , 170 S.E.2d 611 (1969); State v. Fox, 274 N.C. 277 , 163 S.E.2d 492 (1968); State v. Bullock, 268 N.C. 560 , 151 S.E.2d 9 (1966); State v. Mills, 268 N.C. 142 , 150 S.E.2d 13 (1966); State v. Hager, 12 N.C.App. 90 , 182 S.E.2d 588 (1971); Yarborough v. State, 6 N.C.App. 663 , 171 S.E.2d	1	1994–1994
State v. Mills green nc · 1966 2 sentences 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 107 S.Ct. 1271 , 94 L.Ed.2d 133 (1987); State v. Hankerson, 288 N.C. 632 , 220 S.E.2d 575 (1975), reversed on other grounds, 432 U.S. 233 , 97 S.Ct. 2339 , 53 L.Ed.2d 306 (1977); State v. Swann, 275 N.C. 644 , 170 S.E.2d 611 (1969); State v. Fox, 274 N.C. 277 , 163 S.E.2d 492 (1968); State v. Bullock, 268 N.C. 560 , 151 S.E.2d 9 (1966); State v. Mills, 268 N.C. 142 , 150 S.E.2d 13 (1966); State v. Hager, 12 N.C.App. 90 , 182 S.E.2d 588 (1971); Yarborough v. State, 6 N.C.App. 663 , 171 S.E.2d 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 107 S.Ct. 1271 , 94 L.Ed.2d 133 (1987); State v. Hankerson, 288 N.C. 632 , 220 S.E.2d 575 (1975), reversed on other grounds, 432 U.S. 233 , 97 S.Ct. 2339 , 53 L.Ed.2d 306 (1977); State v. Swann, 275 N.C. 644 , 170 S.E.2d 611 (1969); State v. Fox, 274 N.C. 277 , 163 S.E.2d 492 (1968); State v. Bullock, 268 N.C. 560 , 151 S.E.2d 9 (1966); State v. Mills, 268 N.C. 142 , 150 S.E.2d 13 (1966); State v. Hager, 12 N.C.App. 90 , 182 S.E.2d 588 (1971); Yarborough v. State, 6 N.C.App. 663 , 171 S.E.2d	1	1994–1994
Chevron Oil Co. v. Huson red scotus · 1971 2 sentences 1994The City contends that this test has been usurped by the three-pronged retroactivity test announced by the United States Supreme Court in 443 Chevron Oil Co. v. Huson, 404 U.S. 97 , 30 L. 1994The City contends that this test has been usurped by the three-pronged retroactivity test announced by the United States Supreme Court in 443 Chevron Oil Co. v. Huson, 404 U.S. 97 , 30 L.	1	1994–1994
Hankerson v. North Carolina green scotus · 1977 2 sentences 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 107 S.Ct. 1271 , 94 L.Ed.2d 133 (1987); State v. Hankerson, 288 N.C. 632 , 220 S.E.2d 575 (1975), reversed on other grounds, 432 U.S. 233 , 97 S.Ct. 2339 , 53 L.Ed.2d 306 (1977); State v. Swann, 275 N.C. 644 , 170 S.E.2d 611 (1969); State v. Fox, 274 N.C. 277 , 163 S.E.2d 492 (1968); State v. Bullock, 268 N.C. 560 , 151 S.E.2d 9 (1966); State v. Mills, 268 N.C. 142 , 150 S.E.2d 13 (1966); State v. Hager, 12 N.C.App. 90 , 182 S.E.2d 588 (1971); Yarborough v. State, 6 N.C.App. 663 , 171 S.E.2d 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 107 S.Ct. 1271 , 94 L.Ed.2d 133 (1987); State v. Hankerson, 288 N.C. 632 , 220 S.E.2d 575 (1975), reversed on other grounds, 432 U.S. 233 , 97 S.Ct. 2339 , 53 L.Ed.2d 306 (1977); State v. Swann, 275 N.C. 644 , 170 S.E.2d 611 (1969); State v. Fox, 274 N.C. 277 , 163 S.E.2d 492 (1968); State v. Bullock, 268 N.C. 560 , 151 S.E.2d 9 (1966); State v. Mills, 268 N.C. 142 , 150 S.E.2d 13 (1966); State v. Hager, 12 N.C.App. 90 , 182 S.E.2d 588 (1971); Yarborough v. State, 6 N.C.App. 663 , 171 S.E.2d	1	1994–1994
State v. Fox green · 1968 2 sentences 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 107 S.Ct. 1271 , 94 L.Ed.2d 133 (1987); State v. Hankerson, 288 N.C. 632 , 220 S.E.2d 575 (1975), reversed on other grounds, 432 U.S. 233 , 97 S.Ct. 2339 , 53 L.Ed.2d 306 (1977); State v. Swann, 275 N.C. 644 , 170 S.E.2d 611 (1969); State v. Fox, 274 N.C. 277 , 163 S.E.2d 492 (1968); State v. Bullock, 268 N.C. 560 , 151 S.E.2d 9 (1966); State v. Mills, 268 N.C. 142 , 150 S.E.2d 13 (1966); State v. Hager, 12 N.C.App. 90 , 182 S.E.2d 588 (1971); Yarborough v. State, 6 N.C.App. 663 , 171 S.E.2d 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 107 S.Ct. 1271 , 94 L.Ed.2d 133 (1987); State v. Hankerson, 288 N.C. 632 , 220 S.E.2d 575 (1975), reversed on other grounds, 432 U.S. 233 , 97 S.Ct. 2339 , 53 L.Ed.2d 306 (1977); State v. Swann, 275 N.C. 644 , 170 S.E.2d 611 (1969); State v. Fox, 274 N.C. 277 , 163 S.E.2d 492 (1968); State v. Bullock, 268 N.C. 560 , 151 S.E.2d 9 (1966); State v. Mills, 268 N.C. 142 , 150 S.E.2d 13 (1966); State v. Hager, 12 N.C.App. 90 , 182 S.E.2d 588 (1971); Yarborough v. State, 6 N.C.App. 663 , 171 S.E.2d	1	1994–1994
Yarborough v. State green ncctapp · 1969 2 sentences 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 107 S.Ct. 1271 , 94 L.Ed.2d 133 (1987); State v. Hankerson, 288 N.C. 632 , 220 S.E.2d 575 (1975), reversed on other grounds, 432 U.S. 233 , 97 S.Ct. 2339 , 53 L.Ed.2d 306 (1977); State v. Swann, 275 N.C. 644 , 170 S.E.2d 611 (1969); State v. Fox, 274 N.C. 277 , 163 S.E.2d 492 (1968); State v. Bullock, 268 N.C. 560 , 151 S.E.2d 9 (1966); State v. Mills, 268 N.C. 142 , 150 S.E.2d 13 (1966); State v. Hager, 12 N.C.App. 90 , 182 S.E.2d 588 (1971); Yarborough v. State, 6 N.C.App. 663 , 171 S.E.2d 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 107 S.Ct. 1271 , 94 L.Ed.2d 133 (1987); State v. Hankerson, 288 N.C. 632 , 220 S.E.2d 575 (1975), reversed on other grounds, 432 U.S. 233 , 97 S.Ct. 2339 , 53 L.Ed.2d 306 (1977); State v. Swann, 275 N.C. 644 , 170 S.E.2d 611 (1969); State v. Fox, 274 N.C. 277 , 163 S.E.2d 492 (1968); State v. Bullock, 268 N.C. 560 , 151 S.E.2d 9 (1966); State v. Mills, 268 N.C. 142 , 150 S.E.2d 13 (1966); State v. Hager, 12 N.C.App. 90 , 182 S.E.2d 588 (1971); Yarborough v. State, 6 N.C.App. 663 , 171 S.E.2d	1	1994–1994
State v. Bullock green nc · 1966 2 sentences 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 107 S.Ct. 1271 , 94 L.Ed.2d 133 (1987); State v. Hankerson, 288 N.C. 632 , 220 S.E.2d 575 (1975), reversed on other grounds, 432 U.S. 233 , 97 S.Ct. 2339 , 53 L.Ed.2d 306 (1977); State v. Swann, 275 N.C. 644 , 170 S.E.2d 611 (1969); State v. Fox, 274 N.C. 277 , 163 S.E.2d 492 (1968); State v. Bullock, 268 N.C. 560 , 151 S.E.2d 9 (1966); State v. Mills, 268 N.C. 142 , 150 S.E.2d 13 (1966); State v. Hager, 12 N.C.App. 90 , 182 S.E.2d 588 (1971); Yarborough v. State, 6 N.C.App. 663 , 171 S.E.2d 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 107 S.Ct. 1271 , 94 L.Ed.2d 133 (1987); State v. Hankerson, 288 N.C. 632 , 220 S.E.2d 575 (1975), reversed on other grounds, 432 U.S. 233 , 97 S.Ct. 2339 , 53 L.Ed.2d 306 (1977); State v. Swann, 275 N.C. 644 , 170 S.E.2d 611 (1969); State v. Fox, 274 N.C. 277 , 163 S.E.2d 492 (1968); State v. Bullock, 268 N.C. 560 , 151 S.E.2d 9 (1966); State v. Mills, 268 N.C. 142 , 150 S.E.2d 13 (1966); State v. Hager, 12 N.C.App. 90 , 182 S.E.2d 588 (1971); Yarborough v. State, 6 N.C.App. 663 , 171 S.E.2d	1	1994–1994
State v. Hankerson green nc · 1975 2 sentences 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 107 S.Ct. 1271 , 94 L.Ed.2d 133 (1987); State v. Hankerson, 288 N.C. 632 , 220 S.E.2d 575 (1975), reversed on other grounds, 432 U.S. 233 , 97 S.Ct. 2339 , 53 L.Ed.2d 306 (1977); State v. Swann, 275 N.C. 644 , 170 S.E.2d 611 (1969); State v. Fox, 274 N.C. 277 , 163 S.E.2d 492 (1968); State v. Bullock, 268 N.C. 560 , 151 S.E.2d 9 (1966); State v. Mills, 268 N.C. 142 , 150 S.E.2d 13 (1966); State v. Hager, 12 N.C.App. 90 , 182 S.E.2d 588 (1971); Yarborough v. State, 6 N.C.App. 663 , 171 S.E.2d 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 107 S.Ct. 1271 , 94 L.Ed.2d 133 (1987); State v. Hankerson, 288 N.C. 632 , 220 S.E.2d 575 (1975), reversed on other grounds, 432 U.S. 233 , 97 S.Ct. 2339 , 53 L.Ed.2d 306 (1977); State v. Swann, 275 N.C. 644 , 170 S.E.2d 611 (1969); State v. Fox, 274 N.C. 277 , 163 S.E.2d 492 (1968); State v. Bullock, 268 N.C. 560 , 151 S.E.2d 9 (1966); State v. Mills, 268 N.C. 142 , 150 S.E.2d 13 (1966); State v. Hager, 12 N.C.App. 90 , 182 S.E.2d 588 (1971); Yarborough v. State, 6 N.C.App. 663 , 171 S.E.2d	1	1994–1994
State v. Hager neutral ncctapp · 1971 2 sentences 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 107 S.Ct. 1271 , 94 L.Ed.2d 133 (1987); State v. Hankerson, 288 N.C. 632 , 220 S.E.2d 575 (1975), reversed on other grounds, 432 U.S. 233 , 97 S.Ct. 2339 , 53 L.Ed.2d 306 (1977); State v. Swann, 275 N.C. 644 , 170 S.E.2d 611 (1969); State v. Fox, 274 N.C. 277 , 163 S.E.2d 492 (1968); State v. Bullock, 268 N.C. 560 , 151 S.E.2d 9 (1966); State v. Mills, 268 N.C. 142 , 150 S.E.2d 13 (1966); State v. Hager, 12 N.C.App. 90 , 182 S.E.2d 588 (1971); Yarborough v. State, 6 N.C.App. 663 , 171 S.E.2d 1994See, e.g., State v. Jackson, 317 N.C. 1 , 343 S.E.2d 814 (1986), vacated and remanded, 479 U.S. 1077 , 107 S.Ct. 1271 , 94 L.Ed.2d 133 (1987); State v. Hankerson, 288 N.C. 632 , 220 S.E.2d 575 (1975), reversed on other grounds, 432 U.S. 233 , 97 S.Ct. 2339 , 53 L.Ed.2d 306 (1977); State v. Swann, 275 N.C. 644 , 170 S.E.2d 611 (1969); State v. Fox, 274 N.C. 277 , 163 S.E.2d 492 (1968); State v. Bullock, 268 N.C. 560 , 151 S.E.2d 9 (1966); State v. Mills, 268 N.C. 142 , 150 S.E.2d 13 (1966); State v. Hager, 12 N.C.App. 90 , 182 S.E.2d 588 (1971); Yarborough v. State, 6 N.C.App. 663 , 171 S.E.2d	1	1994–1994
Foster v. California green scotus · 1969 2 sentences 1971To apply the rule retroactively would be the genesis for literally hundreds of post-conviction evidentiary hearings which in sheer numbers would virtually shatter the bounds of reality. ...” In Pate , the court held: “Since denial of an attorney at a preliminary hearing when no rights are lost does not ‘invariably deny a fair trial, * * * ’ we hold that the ruling announced in Coleman is not retroactive.” Under the retroactivity rule expressed in Foster v. California, 894 U.S. 440 , 22 L. 1971Ed. 2d 402 , 89 S.Ct. 1127 (1969) ; Stovall v. Denno, 388 U.S. 293 , 18 L.	1	1971–1971
Stovall v. Denno green scotus · 1967 2 sentences 1971Ed. 2d 402 , 89 S.Ct. 1127 (1969) ; Stovall v. Denno, 388 U.S. 293 , 18 L. 1971Ed. 2d 402 , 89 S.Ct. 1127 (1969) ; Stovall v. Denno, 388 U.S. 293 , 18 L.	1	1971–1971

Statutes the citing opinions construe

NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-2 (3) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1411 (3) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1415 (3) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1417 (3) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1422 (3) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-2000 (3) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-2004 (3) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-952 (3) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7A-25 (3) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7A-32 (3) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7A-450 (3) NC § N.C. Gen. Stat. § 8C-1 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 92 (1967–2026) IL 88 (1991–2024) OH 80 (1996–2024) NJ 54 (1978–2026) TX 44 (1979–2026) FL 43 (1996–2025) WA 38 (1983–2023) NY 37 (1990–2026) MI 34 (1976–2025) PA 34 (1976–2025) MD 23 (1979–2025) IN 18 (1980–2008) OR 16 (1967–2023) ID 15 (1980–2023) AZ 15 (1984–2019) MT 13 (2001–2025) CT 13 (1985–2023) MA 12 (1980–2026) CO 11 (1982–2025) TN 11 (1990–2025) WI 11 (1975–2014) MN 10 (2006–2025) KS 9 (2001–2022) NV 9 (1982–2021) NM 8 (1994–2024) NC 8 (1971–2025) WV 7 (1977–2010) DC 7 (1983–2018) IA 6 (1993–2020) LA 5 (1987–2020) VT 5 (2007–2018) MO 4 (2011–2019) DE 4 (1990–2026) ME 4 (1983–2025) HI 4 (2000–2015) RI 3 (1985–2016) AK 3 (2006–2022) MS 3 (1987–2015) UT 3 (1983–2020) WY 2 (2014–2014) SC 2 (1986–1989) OK 2 (2010–2021) GA 2 (1987–1995) NE 2 (2014–2018) NH 2 (2007–2014) VA 2 (2017–2021)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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