first three factors (Utah) · Go Syfert
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first three factors in Utah

8 Utah opinions name it 2 courts 2006–2026 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Utah courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (12)

CaseFollowedCited
Jones v. Jonesgreen
utah · 1985 · cited in 3 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2015–2023
2 sentences

2023These three factors are often called the “Jones factors” because they date back to Jones v. Jones, 700 P.2d 1072 (Utah 1985); they have since been codified in Utah Code section 30-3- 5(10)(a)(i)–(iii), and they remain the first three factors of a “multi- factor inquiry” that governs a court’s alimony determination.

2015Urtax Cope § 80-8-5(8)(a). 195 The first three factors are a codification of our analysis in Jones v. Jones, 700 P.2d 1072, 1075 (Utah 1985), and are often referred to as the Jones factors.

23
Kirk v. Andersongreen
utah · 2021 · cited in 2 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
2 sentences

2026Servs., Inc., 2013 UT 60 , ¶¶ 43–46, 321 P.3d 1054 (declining to consider a theory for imposing a duty where the appellant did not specifically present it to the district court). 20231023-CA 7 2026 UT App 66 Rosser v. Elite Craft Homes See Kirk v. Anderson, 2021 UT 41, ¶¶ 18, 20 , 496 P.3d 66 (assuming that the first three factors weighed in favor of recognizing a duty but nevertheless concluding that no duty existed because “the fifth Jeffs factor” “carrie[d] the day in determining that a duty d[id] not exist”).

2026Servs., Inc., 2013 UT 60 , ¶¶ 43–46, 321 P.3d 1054 (declining to consider a theory for imposing a duty where the appellant did not specifically present it to the district court). 20231023-CA 7 2026 UT App 16 Rosser v. Elite Craft Homes 2021 UT 41, ¶¶ 18, 20 (assuming that the first three factors weighed in favor of recognizing a duty but nevertheless concluding that no duty existed because “the fifth Jeffs factor” “carrie[d] the day in determining that a duty d[id] not exist”).

12
Miner v. Minergreen
utahctapp · 2021 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
1 sentence

2023See Miner, 2021 UT App 77, ¶ 16 . ¶14 “A party seeking alimony bears the burden of demonstrating to the court that the Jones factors support an award of alimony.” Dahl v. Dahl, 2015 UT 79 , ¶ 95, 459 P.3d 276 .

11
State v. Flowersgreen
conn · 1986 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
1 sentence

2022In the absence of such a presumption, the defendant must affirmatively demonstrate prejudice.” (quotation simplified)); United States v. Machado, 886 F.3d 1070, 1081 (11th Cir. 2018) (holding that a “defendant must demonstrate actual prejudice unless each of the first three factors weighs heavily against the government” (quotation simplified)); State v. Flowers, 20200787-CA 56 2022 UT App 117 State v. Hintze 503 A.2d 1172, 1177 (Conn. 1986) (“Thus, an affirmative showing of actual prejudice is not essential to a speedy trial claim when the defendant is able to show that the other three factors

11
State v. Garzagreen
nm · 2009 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
1 sentence

2022In the absence of such a presumption, the defendant must affirmatively demonstrate prejudice.” (quotation simplified)); United States v. Machado, 886 F.3d 1070, 1081 (11th Cir. 2018) (holding that a “defendant must demonstrate actual prejudice unless each of the first three factors weighs heavily against the government” (quotation simplified)); State v. Flowers, 20200787-CA 56 2022 UT App 117 State v. Hintze 503 A.2d 1172, 1177 (Conn. 1986) (“Thus, an affirmative showing of actual prejudice is not essential to a speedy trial claim when the defendant is able to show that the other three factors

11
United States v. Nelson Cristiano Machado, Jr.green
ca11 · 2018 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
1 sentence

2022In the absence of such a presumption, the defendant must affirmatively demonstrate prejudice.” (quotation simplified)); United States v. Machado, 886 F.3d 1070, 1081 (11th Cir. 2018) (holding that a “defendant must demonstrate actual prejudice unless each of the first three factors weighs heavily against the government” (quotation simplified)); State v. Flowers, 20200787-CA 56 2022 UT App 117 State v. Hintze 503 A.2d 1172, 1177 (Conn. 1986) (“Thus, an affirmative showing of actual prejudice is not essential to a speedy trial claim when the defendant is able to show that the other three factors

11
State v. Hintzegreen
utahctapp · 2022 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
1 sentence

2022In the absence of such a presumption, the defendant must affirmatively demonstrate prejudice.” (quotation simplified)); United States v. Machado, 886 F.3d 1070, 1081 (11th Cir. 2018) (holding that a “defendant must demonstrate actual prejudice unless each of the first three factors weighs heavily against the government” (quotation simplified)); State v. Flowers, 20200787-CA 56 2022 UT App 117 State v. Hintze 503 A.2d 1172, 1177 (Conn. 1986) (“Thus, an affirmative showing of actual prejudice is not essential to a speedy trial claim when the defendant is able to show that the other three factors

11
State v. Vargasgreen
utah · 2001 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009However, "these factors are not exclusive," Bluff, 2002 UT 66, ¶ 43 , 52 P.3d 1210 , nor are they necessarily determinative, see, e.g., Gulbransen, 2005 UT 7, ¶ 39 , 106 P.3d 734 (determining close-up color photograph of a child victim's injured anus was *1238 not gruesome); State v. Vargas, 2001 UT 5, ¶¶ 53, 56 , 20 P.3d 271 (ruling photographs were not gruesome even though "[eJach of the first three factors [was] met").

2009However, "these factors are not exclusive," Bluff, 2002 UT 66, ¶ 43 , 52 P.3d 1210 , nor are they necessarily determinative, see, e.g., Gulbransen, 2005 UT 7, ¶ 39 , 106 P.3d 734 (determining close-up color photograph of a child victim's injured anus was *1238 not gruesome); State v. Vargas, 2001 UT 5, ¶¶ 53, 56 , 20 P.3d 271 (ruling photographs were not gruesome even though "[eJach of the first three factors [was] met").

11
State v. Penagreen
utah · 1994 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
1 sentence

2006See, e.g., Desert Miriah, Inc. v. B & L Auto, Inc., 2000 UT 83, ¶¶ 10, 12 , 12 P.3d 580 (quoting and applying the original three Pena factors and then mentioning in a later paragraph that there are "no policy reasons outweighing” the first three factors suggesting a deferential standard). 37 . 2004 UT 95, ¶¶ 14-15 , 103 P.3d 699 . 38 . 2006 UT 29, ¶ 28 , 137 P.3d 787 . 39 . 869 P.2d at 939 . 40 .

11
State v. Brakegreen
utah · 2004 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
2 sentences

2006See, e.g., Desert Miriah, Inc. v. B & L Auto, Inc., 2000 UT 83, ¶¶ 10, 12 , 12 P.3d 580 (quoting and applying the original three Pena factors and then mentioning in a later paragraph that there are "no policy reasons outweighing” the first three factors suggesting a deferential standard). 37 . 2004 UT 95, ¶¶ 14-15 , 103 P.3d 699 . 38 . 2006 UT 29, ¶ 28 , 137 P.3d 787 . 39 . 869 P.2d at 939 . 40 .

2006See, e.g., Desert Miriah, Inc. v. B & L Auto, Inc., 2000 UT 83, ¶¶ 10, 12 , 12 P.3d 580 (quoting and applying the original three Pena factors and then mentioning in a later paragraph that there are "no policy reasons outweighing” the first three factors suggesting a deferential standard). 37 . 2004 UT 95, ¶¶ 14-15 , 103 P.3d 699 . 38 . 2006 UT 29, ¶ 28 , 137 P.3d 787 . 39 . 869 P.2d at 939 . 40 .

11
State v. Virgingreen
utah · 2006 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
2 sentences

2006See, e.g., Desert Miriah, Inc. v. B & L Auto, Inc., 2000 UT 83, ¶¶ 10, 12 , 12 P.3d 580 (quoting and applying the original three Pena factors and then mentioning in a later paragraph that there are "no policy reasons outweighing” the first three factors suggesting a deferential standard). 37 . 2004 UT 95, ¶¶ 14-15 , 103 P.3d 699 . 38 . 2006 UT 29, ¶ 28 , 137 P.3d 787 . 39 . 869 P.2d at 939 . 40 .

2006See, e.g., Desert Miriah, Inc. v. B & L Auto, Inc., 2000 UT 83, ¶¶ 10, 12 , 12 P.3d 580 (quoting and applying the original three Pena factors and then mentioning in a later paragraph that there are "no policy reasons outweighing” the first three factors suggesting a deferential standard). 37 . 2004 UT 95, ¶¶ 14-15 , 103 P.3d 699 . 38 . 2006 UT 29, ¶ 28 , 137 P.3d 787 . 39 . 869 P.2d at 939 . 40 .

11
Desert Miriah, Inc. v. B & L AUTO, INC.green
utah · 2000 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
2 sentences

2006See, e.g., Desert Miriah, Inc. v. B & L Auto, Inc., 2000 UT 83, ¶¶ 10, 12 , 12 P.3d 580 (quoting and applying the original three Pena factors and then mentioning in a later paragraph that there are "no policy reasons outweighing” the first three factors suggesting a deferential standard). 37 . 2004 UT 95, ¶¶ 14-15 , 103 P.3d 699 . 38 . 2006 UT 29, ¶ 28 , 137 P.3d 787 . 39 . 869 P.2d at 939 . 40 .

2006See, e.g., Desert Miriah, Inc. v. B & L Auto, Inc., 2000 UT 83, ¶¶ 10, 12 , 12 P.3d 580 (quoting and applying the original three Pena factors and then mentioning in a later paragraph that there are "no policy reasons outweighing” the first three factors suggesting a deferential standard). 37 . 2004 UT 95, ¶¶ 14-15 , 103 P.3d 699 . 38 . 2006 UT 29, ¶ 28 , 137 P.3d 787 . 39 . 869 P.2d at 939 . 40 .

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Utah. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (7)

CaseCitedYears
Hill v. Superior Property Management Services, Inc. green
utah · 2013
2 sentences

2026Servs., Inc., 2013 UT 60 , ¶¶ 43–46, 321 P.3d 1054 (declining to consider a theory for imposing a duty where the appellant did not specifically present it to the district court). 20231023-CA 7 2026 UT App 16 Rosser v. Elite Craft Homes 2021 UT 41, ¶¶ 18, 20 (assuming that the first three factors weighed in favor of recognizing a duty but nevertheless concluding that no duty existed because “the fifth Jeffs factor” “carrie[d] the day in determining that a duty d[id] not exist”).

2026Servs., Inc., 2013 UT 60 , ¶¶ 43–46, 321 P.3d 1054 (declining to consider a theory for imposing a duty where the appellant did not specifically present it to the district court). 20231023-CA 7 2026 UT App 16 Rosser v. Elite Craft Homes 2021 UT 41, ¶¶ 18, 20 (assuming that the first three factors weighed in favor of recognizing a duty but nevertheless concluding that no duty existed because “the fifth Jeffs factor” “carrie[d] the day in determining that a duty d[id] not exist”).

22026–2026
Rosser v. Elite Craft Homes green
utahctapp · 2026
1 sentence

2026Servs., Inc., 2013 UT 60 , ¶¶ 43–46, 321 P.3d 1054 (declining to consider a theory for imposing a duty where the appellant did not specifically present it to the district court). 20231023-CA 7 2026 UT App 16 Rosser v. Elite Craft Homes 2021 UT 41, ¶¶ 18, 20 (assuming that the first three factors weighed in favor of recognizing a duty but nevertheless concluding that no duty existed because “the fifth Jeffs factor” “carrie[d] the day in determining that a duty d[id] not exist”).

12026–2026
cluster 10847911 green
·
1 sentence

2026Servs., Inc., 2013 UT 60 , ¶¶ 43–46, 321 P.3d 1054 (declining to consider a theory for imposing a duty where the appellant did not specifically present it to the district court). 20231023-CA 7 2026 UT App 66 Rosser v. Elite Craft Homes See Kirk v. Anderson, 2021 UT 41, ¶¶ 18, 20 , 496 P.3d 66 (assuming that the first three factors weighed in favor of recognizing a duty but nevertheless concluding that no duty existed because “the fifth Jeffs factor” “carrie[d] the day in determining that a duty d[id] not exist”).

12026–2026
Bradley Ross Fairbourn v. The State of Wyoming green
wyo · 2020
2 sentences

2022In the absence of such a presumption, the defendant must affirmatively demonstrate prejudice.” (quotation simplified)); United States v. Machado, 886 F.3d 1070, 1081 (11th Cir. 2018) (holding that a “defendant must demonstrate actual prejudice unless each of the first three factors weighs heavily against the government” (quotation simplified)); State v. Flowers, 20200787-CA 56 2022 UT App 117 State v. Hintze 503 A.2d 1172, 1177 (Conn. 1986) (“Thus, an affirmative showing of actual prejudice is not essential to a speedy trial claim when the defendant is able to show that the other three factors

2022In the absence of such a presumption, the defendant must affirmatively demonstrate prejudice.” (quotation simplified)); United States v. Machado, 886 F.3d 1070, 1081 (11th Cir. 2018) (holding that a “defendant must demonstrate actual prejudice unless each of the first three factors weighs heavily against the government” (quotation simplified)); State v. Flowers, 20200787-CA 56 2022 UT App 117 State v. Hintze 503 A.2d 1172, 1177 (Conn. 1986) (“Thus, an affirmative showing of actual prejudice is not essential to a speedy trial claim when the defendant is able to show that the other three factors

12022–2022
State v. Bluff green
utah · 2002
2 sentences

2009However, "these factors are not exclusive," Bluff, 2002 UT 66, ¶ 43 , 52 P.3d 1210 , nor are they necessarily determinative, see, e.g., Gulbransen, 2005 UT 7, ¶ 39 , 106 P.3d 734 (determining close-up color photograph of a child victim's injured anus was *1238 not gruesome); State v. Vargas, 2001 UT 5, ¶¶ 53, 56 , 20 P.3d 271 (ruling photographs were not gruesome even though "[eJach of the first three factors [was] met").

2009However, "these factors are not exclusive," Bluff, 2002 UT 66, ¶ 43 , 52 P.3d 1210 , nor are they necessarily determinative, see, e.g., Gulbransen, 2005 UT 7, ¶ 39 , 106 P.3d 734 (determining close-up color photograph of a child victim's injured anus was *1238 not gruesome); State v. Vargas, 2001 UT 5, ¶¶ 53, 56 , 20 P.3d 271 (ruling photographs were not gruesome even though "[eJach of the first three factors [was] met").

12009–2009
State v. Calliham green
utah · 2002
2 sentences

2009Rather, they are merely some of the factors to be considered when deciding the ultimate question-'"whether the photographs have a tendency to unfairly prejudice, inflame, or mislead the jury." State v. Calliham, 2002 UT 87, ¶ 39 , 57 P.3d 220 (internal quotation marks omitted); see also Vargas, 2001 UT 5, ¶ 53 , 20 P.3d 271 ("We must consider these factors in light of the rationale behind them.").

2009Rather, they are merely some of the factors to be considered when deciding the ultimate question-'"whether the photographs have a tendency to unfairly prejudice, inflame, or mislead the jury." State v. Calliham, 2002 UT 87, ¶ 39 , 57 P.3d 220 (internal quotation marks omitted); see also Vargas, 2001 UT 5, ¶ 53 , 20 P.3d 271 ("We must consider these factors in light of the rationale behind them.").

12009–2009
State v. Gulbransen green
utah · 2005
2 sentences

2009However, "these factors are not exclusive," Bluff, 2002 UT 66, ¶ 43 , 52 P.3d 1210 , nor are they necessarily determinative, see, e.g., Gulbransen, 2005 UT 7, ¶ 39 , 106 P.3d 734 (determining close-up color photograph of a child victim's injured anus was *1238 not gruesome); State v. Vargas, 2001 UT 5, ¶¶ 53, 56 , 20 P.3d 271 (ruling photographs were not gruesome even though "[eJach of the first three factors [was] met").

2009However, "these factors are not exclusive," Bluff, 2002 UT 66, ¶ 43 , 52 P.3d 1210 , nor are they necessarily determinative, see, e.g., Gulbransen, 2005 UT 7, ¶ 39 , 106 P.3d 734 (determining close-up color photograph of a child victim's injured anus was *1238 not gruesome); State v. Vargas, 2001 UT 5, ¶¶ 53, 56 , 20 P.3d 271 (ruling photographs were not gruesome even though "[eJach of the first three factors [was] met").

12009–2009

Where else courts name it

MN 51 (1982–2026) TX 26 (1985–2024) NM 25 (1989–2025) MO 24 (1992–2025) CA 23 (1982–2026) IL 14 (2007–2026) ND 14 (1978–2022) MI 14 (2004–2025) WA 14 (1984–2026) IN 13 (1990–2015) NJ 13 (1985–2025) IA 13 (1981–2021) WI 12 (1988–2024) PA 12 (1984–2026) AK 12 (2011–2024) GA 11 (1976–2020) WV 9 (1996–2020) UT 8 (2006–2026) CT 7 (1987–2009) NV 7 (2015–2021) FL 7 (1982–2026) AZ 6 (1988–2025) VA 6 (1989–2023) MA 6 (1979–2018) DE 6 (1982–2025) MS 5 (1994–2019) NH 5 (1993–2021) AL 5 (1986–2011) NY 5 (1998–2023) CO 5 (1993–2008) VI 4 (2012–2017) OH 4 (2011–2025) OR 4 (1982–2020) DC 4 (1978–2024) MD 4 (1966–2018) TN 3 (2002–2014) MT 3 (2000–2024) AR 2 (2013–2014) WY 2 (2017–2018) KS 2 (2022–2025) VT 2 (2016–2023) OK 2 (2010–2022) RI 2 (2010–2022)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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