second step analysis (Kansas) · Go Syfert
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second step analysis in Kansas

43 Kansas opinions name it 2 courts 1994–2026 12 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Kansas courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (20)

CaseFollowedCited
State v. Trammellgreen
kan · 2004 · cited in 2 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2010
2 sentences

2010See Trammell, 278 Kan. at 270-71 ; State v. Hunt, 275 Kan. 811, 817-18 , 69 P.3d 571 (2003).

2006See Trammell, 278 Kan. at 270-71 (malting the second step of the analysis dependent on finding tiiat the procedure was unduly suggestive).

22
State v. Williamsgreen
kan · 2012 · cited in 6 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2013–2021
2 sentences

2021As to the second step in the analysis, appellate courts consider whether the "'instruction was legally and factually appropriate, employing an unlimited review of the entire record.'" McLinn, 307 Kan. at 318 (quoting State v. Williams, 295 Kan. 506 , Syl. ¶ 4, 286 P.3d 195 [2012]).

2021As to the second step in the analysis, appellate courts consider whether the "'instruction was legally and factually appropriate, employing an unlimited review of the entire record.'" McLinn, 307 Kan. at 318 (quoting State v. Williams, 295 Kan. 506 , Syl. ¶ 4, 286 P.3d 195 [2012]).

16
State v. Toshred
kan · 2004 · cited in 5 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2004–2006
2 sentences

2006In Tosh , this court clarified the second step in the prosecutorial misconduct analysis, noting that it requires a particularized harmlessness inquiiy utilizing the following three factors: “ ‘(1) whether the misconduct is so gross and flagrant as to deny the accused a fair trial; (2) whether the remarks show ill will on the prosecutor’s part; and (3) whether the evidence against the defendant is of such a direct and overwhelming nature that the misconduct would likely have little weight in the minds of the jurors.’ ” Tosh, 278 Kan. at 93 .

2004See Tosh, 278 Kan. at 93 (The second step of the analysis is essentially directed to whether the misconduct is so prejudicial that it denies the defendant a fair trial.).

15
Chapman v. Californiared
scotus · 1967 · cited in 4 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2009–2026
2 sentences

2026That assessment is conducted by employing the constitutional harmless error test to determine whether the State has proven "'beyond a reasonable doubt that . . . there is no reasonable possibility that the error contributed to the verdict.'" 306 Kan. at 973-74; see Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 24 , 87 S. Ct. 824 , 17 L.

2026That assessment is conducted by employing the constitutional harmless error test to determine whether the State has proven "'beyond a reasonable doubt that . . . there is no reasonable possibility that the error contributed to the verdict.'" 306 Kan. at 973-74; see Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 24 , 87 S. Ct. 824 , 17 L.

14
State v. McCaslingreen
kan · 2011 · cited in 2 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2011–2012
2 sentences

2012To analyze the second step of the inquiry, we consider three factors: “(1) whether the misconduct is gross and flagrant; (2) whether the misconduct shows ill will on the prosecutor’s part; and (3) whether the evidence is of such a direct and overwhelming nature that the misconduct would likely have little weight in the minds of jurors.” McCaslin, 291 Kan. at 715-16 .

2011See, e.g., McCaslin, 291 Kan. at 715-16 , 245 P.3d 1030 (harmlessness calculus considers three factors).

12
State v. McReynoldsgreen
kan · 2009 · cited in 2 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
2 sentences

2011See State v. McReynolds, 288 Kan. 318, 323 , 202 P.3d 658 (2009) (none of three factors individually controlling; third factor may not override first two factors unless harmless error tests met).

2011None of these three factors is individually controlling.” McReynolds, 288 Kan. at 323 .

12
Coretronic Corp. v. Cozen O'Connorgreen
calctapp · 2011 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021It noted those courts place the inquiry into the merits of the plaintiff's claim in the second step of the analysis (which addresses plaintiff's likelihood of prevailing on its claim), holding the merits are not implicated in the first step. 2017 WL 6546634 , at *5 (citing Malin v. Singer, 217 Cal. App. 4th 1283, 1304 , 159 Cal. Rptr. 3d 292 [2013], which held that the defendant's assertion that he was innocent of the accused conduct is irrelevant because such an assertion is "'more suited to the second step of an anti-SLAPP motion'"); City of Costa Mesa v. D'Alessio Investments, LLC, 214 Cal.

2021It noted those courts place the inquiry into the merits of the plaintiff's claim in the second step of the analysis (which addresses plaintiff's likelihood of prevailing on its claim), holding the merits are not implicated in the first step. 2017 WL 6546634 , at *5 (citing Malin v. Singer, 217 Cal. App. 4th 1283, 1304 , 159 Cal. Rptr. 3d 292 [2013], which held that the defendant's assertion that he was innocent of the accused conduct is irrelevant because such an assertion is "'more suited to the second step of an anti-SLAPP motion'"); City of Costa Mesa v. D'Alessio Investments, LLC, 214 Cal.

11
City of Costa Mesa v. D'Alessio Investmentsgreen
calctapp · 2013 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021It noted those courts place the inquiry into the merits of the plaintiff's claim in the second step of the analysis (which addresses plaintiff's likelihood of prevailing on its claim), holding the merits are not implicated in the first step. 2017 WL 6546634 , at *5 (citing Malin v. Singer, 217 Cal. App. 4th 1283, 1304 , 159 Cal. Rptr. 3d 292 [2013], which held that the defendant's assertion that he was innocent of the accused conduct is irrelevant because such an assertion is "'more suited to the second step of an anti-SLAPP motion'"); City of Costa Mesa v. D'Alessio Investments, LLC, 214 Cal.

2021It noted those courts place the inquiry into the merits of the plaintiff's claim in the second step of the analysis (which addresses plaintiff's likelihood of prevailing on its claim), holding the merits are not implicated in the first step. 2017 WL 6546634 , at *5 (citing Malin v. Singer, 217 Cal. App. 4th 1283, 1304 , 159 Cal. Rptr. 3d 292 [2013], which held that the defendant's assertion that he was innocent of the accused conduct is irrelevant because such an assertion is "'more suited to the second step of an anti-SLAPP motion'"); City of Costa Mesa v. D'Alessio Investments, LLC, 214 Cal.

11
Samsel v. Wheeler Transport Services, Inc.green
kan · 1990 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
2 sentences

2019See 295 Kan. at 661-62 . 64 In addition, in Samsel v. Wheeler Transport Services, Inc., 246 Kan. 336, 337, 362 , 789 P.2d 541 (1990), the court upheld the damage cap against a facial section 5 and 18 challenge.

2019See 295 Kan. at 661-62 . 64 In addition, in Samsel v. Wheeler Transport Services, Inc., 246 Kan. 336, 337, 362 , 789 P.2d 541 (1990), the court upheld the damage cap against a facial section 5 and 18 challenge.

11
Miller v. Johnsongreen
kan · 2012 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
2 sentences

2019See 295 Kan. at 661 -62 , 289 P.3d 1098 .

2019See 295 Kan. at 661 -62 , 289 P.3d 1098 .

11
State v. Barbergreen
kan · 2015 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017An instruction is clearly erroneous when '"the reviewing court is firmly convinced that the jury would have reached a different verdict had the instruction error not occurred."' State v. Trujillo, 296 Kan. 625, 631 , 294 P.3d 281 (2013) (quoting Williams, 295 Kan. at 516 ); see Williams, 295 Kan. at 516 (explaining that the burden to show clear error remains on the party seeking reversal)." State v. Barber, 302 Kan. 367, 376-77 , 353 P.3d 1108 (2015). 5 Of note, in the second step of the analysis where we determine whether any error occurred, we consider both the legal appropriateness of the r

2017An instruction is clearly erroneous when '"the reviewing court is firmly convinced that the jury would have reached a different verdict had the instruction error not occurred."' State v. Trujillo, 296 Kan. 625, 631 , 294 P.3d 281 (2013) (quoting Williams, 295 Kan. at 516 ); see Williams, 295 Kan. at 516 (explaining that the burden to show clear error remains on the party seeking reversal)." State v. Barber, 302 Kan. 367, 376-77 , 353 P.3d 1108 (2015). 5 Of note, in the second step of the analysis where we determine whether any error occurred, we consider both the legal appropriateness of the r

11
State v. Ringgreen
ariz · 2003 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
11
State v. Colstongreen
kan · 2010 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014In the second step of the analysis, we look to see whether an error occurred. 284 Kan. at 244-45 ; accord Colston, 290 Kan. at 968 .

11
Bair v. Peckgreen
kan · 1991 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
11
State v. Whitegreen
kan · 2007 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
11
Miami County Board of Commissioners v. Kanza Rail-Trails Conservancy, Inc.green
kan · 2011 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
11
State v. Bryantgreen
kan · 2008 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
11
State v. Swinneygreen
kan · 2006 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
11
State v. Elnickigreen
kan · 2005 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewiczgreen
scotus · 1985 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Kansas. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (24)

CaseCitedYears
State v. Ward green
kan · 2011
2 sentences

2013“First, the trial court must decide if1 “there is some fundamental failure of tire proceeding.” ’ [Citations omitted.] If so, in the second step of the analysis, the trial court must assess whether it is possible to continue tire trial without an ‘injustice/ ” State v. Ward, 292 Kan. 541, 550 , 256 P.3d 801 (2011), cert. denied 132 S. Ct. 1594 (2012).

2013“First, the trial court must decide if1 “there is some fundamental failure of tire proceeding.” ’ [Citations omitted.] If so, in the second step of the analysis, the trial court must assess whether it is possible to continue tire trial without an ‘injustice/ ” State v. Ward, 292 Kan. 541, 550 , 256 P.3d 801 (2011), cert. denied 132 S. Ct. 1594 (2012).

42011–2022
State v. Corbett green
kan · 2006
2 sentences

2025If so, the second step requires an analysis of whether the impermissibly suggestive procedure led to a substantial likelihood of misidentification." 281 Kan. at 304 .

2020If so, the second step requires an analysis of whether the impermissibly suggestive procedure led to a substantial likelihood of misidentification." 281 Kan. at 304 .

22020–2025
State v. Hunt green
kan · 2003
2 sentences

2010See Trammell, 278 Kan. at 270-71 ; State v. Hunt, 275 Kan. 811, 817-18 , 69 P.3d 571 (2003).

2010See Trammell, 278 Kan. at 270-71 ; State v. Hunt, 275 Kan. 811, 817-18 , 69 P.3d 571 (2003).

22006–2010
State v. Jenkins green
kanctapp · 2012
1 sentence

2025Jenkins, 2012 WL 1450439, at *8 .

12025–2025
Wagner v. Live Nation Motor Sports, Inc. green
ca10 · 2009
1 sentence

2024The second step in the analysis is whether the defendant acted with reckless disregard or indifference to its probable consequences. 586 F.3d at 1244-45 .

12024–2024
Carey v. Population Services International green
scotus · 1977
2 sentences

2024Ed. 2d 747 (2015) (strict scrutiny requires government action "actually further[ed]" asserted interest); Carey v. Population Servs., Intl., 431 U.S. 678, 690-91 , 97 S. Ct. 2010 , 52 L.

2024Ed. 2d 747 (2015) (strict scrutiny requires government action "actually further[ed]" asserted interest); Carey v. Population Servs., Intl., 431 U.S. 678, 690-91 , 97 S. Ct. 2010 , 52 L.

12024–2024
Holt v. Hobbs green
scotus · 2015
2 sentences

2024If the government can establish an interest as compelling, it must tackle the second step in our analysis and show its regulation furthers that compelling interest See Holt v. Hobbs, 574 U.S. 352 , 362-64, 135 S. Ct. 853 , 190 L.

2024If the government can establish an interest as compelling, it must tackle the second step in our analysis and show its regulation furthers that compelling interest See Holt v. Hobbs, 574 U.S. 352 , 362-64, 135 S. Ct. 853 , 190 L.

12024–2024
State v. Brammer green
kan · 2015
2 sentences

2024"To reverse for clear error, the court must be firmly convinced the jury would have reached a different verdict had the instruction error not occurred. [Citation omitted.]" State v. Brammer, 301 Kan. 333, 341 , 343 P.3d 75 (2015).

2024"To reverse for clear error, the court must be firmly convinced the jury would have reached a different verdict had the instruction error not occurred. [Citation omitted.]" State v. Brammer, 301 Kan. 333, 341 , 343 P.3d 75 (2015).

12024–2024
Merriman v. Crompton Corp. green
kan · 2006
1 sentence

2021To determine whether Virginia Diesel had minimum contacts with Kansas, we consider the quality and nature of Virginia Diesel's activity and ask whether it was reasonable and fair to require the defendant to defend in Kansas so as not to offend traditional notions of "fair play and substantial justice." Merriman, 282 Kan. at 464-65 .

12021–2021
Injured Workers of Kansas v. Franklin green
kan · 1997
2 sentences

2021According to our Supreme Court in Injured Workers of Kansas v. Franklin, 262 Kan. 840, 854 , 942 P.2d 591 (1997), the following two-step test should be utilized when determining whether a due process violation exists: "'If a remedy protected by due process is abrogated or restricted by the legislature, "such change is constitutional if '[1] the change is reasonably necessary in the public interest to promote the general welfare of the people of the state,' and [2] the legislature provides an adequate substitute remedy" to replace the remedy which has been restricted.'[Citations omitted.]" 6 Va

2021According to our Supreme Court in Injured Workers of Kansas v. Franklin, 262 Kan. 840, 854 , 942 P.2d 591 (1997), the following two-step test should be utilized when determining whether a due process violation exists: "'If a remedy protected by due process is abrogated or restricted by the legislature, "such change is constitutional if '[1] the change is reasonably necessary in the public interest to promote the general welfare of the people of the state,' and [2] the legislature provides an adequate substitute remedy" to replace the remedy which has been restricted.'[Citations omitted.]" 6 Va

12021–2021
State v. Johnson green
kan · 2016
2 sentences

2021State v. Johnson, 304 Kan. 924, 931 , 376 P.3d 70 (2016); State v. Williams, 295 Kan. 506, 510 , 286 P.3d 195 (2012). 13 The parties agree that, from a purely legal standpoint, criminal restraint is a lesser included offense of aggravated kidnapping.

2021State v. Johnson, 304 Kan. 924, 931 , 376 P.3d 70 (2016); State v. Williams, 295 Kan. 506, 510 , 286 P.3d 195 (2012). 13 The parties agree that, from a purely legal standpoint, criminal restraint is a lesser included offense of aggravated kidnapping.

12021–2021
State v. Corey green
kan · 2016
2 sentences

2021Presuming error, we move to the second step of the analysis and determine whether such a fundamental failure "caused prejudice that could not be cured or mitigated through jury admonition or instruction or other means, resulting in an injustice." State v. Corey, 304 Kan. 721, 730 , 374 P.3d 654 (2016).

2021Presuming error, we move to the second step of the analysis and determine whether such a fundamental failure "caused prejudice that could not be cured or mitigated through jury admonition or instruction or other means, resulting in an injustice." State v. Corey, 304 Kan. 721, 730 , 374 P.3d 654 (2016).

12021–2021
Malin v. Singer green
calctapp · 2013
2 sentences

2021It noted those courts place the inquiry into the merits of the plaintiff's claim in the second step of the analysis (which addresses plaintiff's likelihood of prevailing on its claim), holding the merits are not implicated in the first step. 2017 WL 6546634 , at *5 (citing Malin v. Singer, 217 Cal. App. 4th 1283, 1304 , 159 Cal. Rptr. 3d 292 [2013], which held that the defendant's assertion that he was innocent of the accused conduct is irrelevant because such an assertion is "'more suited to the second step of an anti-SLAPP motion'"); City of Costa Mesa v. D'Alessio Investments, LLC, 214 Cal.

2021It noted those courts place the inquiry into the merits of the plaintiff's claim in the second step of the analysis (which addresses plaintiff's likelihood of prevailing on its claim), holding the merits are not implicated in the first step. 2017 WL 6546634 , at *5 (citing Malin v. Singer, 217 Cal. App. 4th 1283, 1304 , 159 Cal. Rptr. 3d 292 [2013], which held that the defendant's assertion that he was innocent of the accused conduct is irrelevant because such an assertion is "'more suited to the second step of an anti-SLAPP motion'"); City of Costa Mesa v. D'Alessio Investments, LLC, 214 Cal.

12021–2021
Strickland v. Washington green
scotus · 1984
1 sentence

2020Under Strickland, 466 U.S. at 697 : "If it is easier to dispose of an ineffectiveness claim on the ground of lack of sufficient prejudice, which we expect will often be so, that course should be followed." Therefore, we will begin with the second step of the inquiry: Assuming without deciding that trial counsel should have obtained the jail video, did his failure to do so prejudice Garcia?

12020–2020
State v. Knox green
kan · 2015
1 sentence

2020At the third step, we assess whether the error requires reversal and "will only reverse the district court if an error occurred and we are '"firmly convinced that the jury would have reached a different verdict had the instruction error not occurred."' Knox, 301 Kan. at 680 (quoting Williams, 295 Kan. 506 , Syl. ¶ 5)." State v. McLinn, 307 Kan. 307 , 318, 409 P.3d 1 (2018).

12020–2020
State v. Trujillo green
kan · 2013
2 sentences

2017An instruction is clearly erroneous when '"the reviewing court is firmly convinced that the jury would have reached a different verdict had the instruction error not occurred."' State v. Trujillo, 296 Kan. 625, 631 , 294 P.3d 281 (2013) (quoting Williams, 295 Kan. at 516 ); see Williams, 295 Kan. at 516 (explaining that the burden to show clear error remains on the party seeking reversal)." State v. Barber, 302 Kan. 367, 376-77 , 353 P.3d 1108 (2015). 5 Of note, in the second step of the analysis where we determine whether any error occurred, we consider both the legal appropriateness of the r

2017An instruction is clearly erroneous when '"the reviewing court is firmly convinced that the jury would have reached a different verdict had the instruction error not occurred."' State v. Trujillo, 296 Kan. 625, 631 , 294 P.3d 281 (2013) (quoting Williams, 295 Kan. at 516 ); see Williams, 295 Kan. at 516 (explaining that the burden to show clear error remains on the party seeking reversal)." State v. Barber, 302 Kan. 367, 376-77 , 353 P.3d 1108 (2015). 5 Of note, in the second step of the analysis where we determine whether any error occurred, we consider both the legal appropriateness of the r

12017–2017
State v. Armstrong green
kan · 2014
2 sentences

2017State v. Armstrong, 299 Kan. 405, 433 , 324 P.3d 1052 (2014).

2017State v. Armstrong, 299 Kan. 405, 433 , 324 P.3d 1052 (2014).

12017–2017
State v. Voyles green
kan · 2007
1 sentence

2014In the second step of the analysis, we look to see whether an error occurred. 284 Kan. at 244-45 ; accord Colston, 290 Kan. at 968 .

12014–2014
In re Freed green
kan · 2013
12014–2014
State v. Foster green
kan · 2013
12014–2014
State v. Betancourt green
kan · 2014
12014–2014
Bingham v. United States green
scotus · 2012
12013–2013
State v. Vasquez green
kan · 2008
12008–2008
Love v. Common School District No. 28 green
kan · 1964
12007–2007

Statutes the citing opinions construe

KS § K.S.A. § 60-261 (13) KS § K.S.A. § 60-455 (10) KS § K.S.A. § 22-3601 (6) KS § K.S.A. § 60-401 (6) KS § K.S.A. § 21-3401 (5) KS § K.S.A. § 22-3423 (5) KS § K.S.A. § 60-404 (5) KS § K.S.A. § 60-460 (5) KS § K.S.A. § 20-3018 (4) KS § K.S.A. § 21-4636 (4) KS § K.S.A. § 21-5202 (4) KS § K.S.A. § 60-445 (4)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 253 (1984–2026) CA 185 (1964–2026) OH 96 (1984–2025) IL 95 (1984–2026) IN 76 (1989–2025) IA 58 (1988–2026) MO 53 (1988–2019) OR 44 (1985–2026) KS 43 (1994–2026) WI 34 (1988–2026) NM 33 (1993–2026) WA 31 (1995–2025) PA 25 (1981–2026) NJ 24 (1983–2026) GA 23 (1985–2026) TN 23 (2001–2020) RI 21 (1983–2021) MI 20 (1975–2026) CT 20 (1985–2023) ID 20 (1993–2026) MN 18 (1988–2026) NY 17 (1988–2025) NC 15 (1986–2022) LA 14 (1991–2017) FL 14 (1999–2021) CO 14 (1989–2025) NV 11 (2012–2024) DE 11 (1983–2026) KY 11 (2010–2025) DC 11 (1984–2026) ME 11 (1981–2025) SC 10 (1990–2017) MD 9 (1993–2025) NE 9 (2015–2019) MS 9 (2007–2024) UT 9 (1991–2026) VT 8 (1990–2025) NH 8 (1985–2021) AR 7 (2018–2025) MA 7 (1981–2024) WY 7 (2005–2025) AK 5 (2019–2025) WV 5 (1989–2017) SD 4 (1985–2018) ND 4 (2002–2016) MT 4 (2003–2025) AL 4 (1994–2016) VI 4 (2012–2024) VA 4 (1992–2025) HI 3 (2002–2015) OK 2 (1991–2011)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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