43 Kentucky opinions name it 2 courts 1992–2026 21 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Kentucky courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Davidson v. American Freightways, Inc.green2 sentences2024Id. at 98 and 100 (concluding that the “Kentucky Insurance Code was designed to regulate” those “in the business of entering into contracts of insurance” and that one of the elements of a bad faith claim is the insurer’s obligation to pay the claim). 2024Our Supreme Court has held that a bad faith claim may be brought “only to those persons or entities (and their agents) who are engaged . . . in the business of entering into contracts of insurance.” Davidson v. American Freightways, Inc., 25 S.W.3d 94, 102 (Ky. 2000) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). | 8 | 10 |
Wittmer v. Jonesgreen2 sentences2025(That is exactly what the circuit court found Geico had done by promptly paying the claim upon receipt of the affidavit.) -20- Wittmer states three elements are required to prevail on a bad faith claim: (1) the insurer must be obligated to pay the claim under the terms of the policy; (2) the insurer must lack a reasonable basis in law or fact for denying the claim; and (3) it must be shown that the insurer either knew there was no reasonable basis for denying the claim or acted with reckless disregard for whether such a basis existed. 864 S.W.2d at 890 . 2025Progressive asserts that no evidence supports an inference of harassment, deception, or reckless disregard of the Blevinses’ rights as required under Wittmer, supra. It further argues that the indemnity provision in the proposed release was -11- consistent with Coots, supra, and that the circuit court correctly found its conduct did not approach the level of outrageousness necessary to sustain a bad-faith claim. | 6 | 16 |
Farmland Mutual Insurance Co. v. Johnsongreen2 sentences2026However, in Farmland Mutual Insurance Co. v. Johnson, our Supreme Court did address whether a heightened standard of proof was required in jury instructions for a bad faith claim. 36 S.W.3d 368, 380 (Ky. 2000). 2026The Court rejected the argument that a heightened standard of proof was required in jury instructions for a bad faith claim and determined the instructions adequately stated the three-part test for a bad faith 23 (KRS 411.184(2) states that “[a] plaintiff shall recover punitive damages only upon proving, by clear and convincing evidence, that the defendant from whom such damages are sought acted toward the plaintiff with oppression, fraud or malice.”) -74- claim. 36 S.W.3d at 381 (citing Curry v. Fireman’s Fund Ins. | 2 | 4 |
Bender v. Eatongreen2 sentences2004NOTES [1] Farm Bureau states that this case settled prior to the filing of the petition for writ of prohibition. [2] KRS 304.12-230(6), (7), and (8). [3] Ky., 58 S.W.3d 884 (2001). [4] The trial court bifurcated the bad faith claim against Farm Bureau asserted by Adams. [5] Bender v. Eaton, Ky., 343 S.W.2d 799, 800 (1961). [6] Id. at 800-01 . [7] Craft v. Commonwealth, Ky., 343 S.W.2d 150, 151 (1961). [8] Smothers v. Lewis, Ky., 672 S.W.2d 62, 64 (1984). [9] CR 16(1)(f). 2004NOTES [1] Farm Bureau states that this case settled prior to the filing of the petition for writ of prohibition. [2] KRS 304.12-230(6), (7), and (8). [3] Ky., 58 S.W.3d 884 (2001). [4] The trial court bifurcated the bad faith claim against Farm Bureau asserted by Adams. [5] Bender v. Eaton, Ky., 343 S.W.2d 799, 800 (1961). [6] Id. at 800-01 . [7] Craft v. Commonwealth, Ky., 343 S.W.2d 150, 151 (1961). [8] Smothers v. Lewis, Ky., 672 S.W.2d 62, 64 (1984). [9] CR 16(1)(f). | 2 | 3 |
Pryor v. Colony Insurancegreen2 sentences2023The threshold issue we resolve in this case is whether the Court of Appeals erred in holding that because an insurance company’s coverage under its policy had never been finally adjudicated, a third-party claimant’s bad faith claim was premature, in reliance on Pryor v. Colony Insurance Co., 414 S.W.3d 424, 427 (Ky. App. 2013). 2023The threshold issue we resolve in this case is whether the Court of Appeals erred in holding that because an insurance company’s coverage under its policy had never been finally adjudicated, a third-party claimant’s bad faith claim was premature, in reliance on Pryor v. Colony Insurance Co., 414 S.W.3d 424, 427 (Ky. App. 2013). | 2 | 2 |
Stephenson Ex Rel. Al-Mansoob v. Malloygreen2 sentences2022White, 617 F.3d at 480 ; Stephenson v. Malloy, 700 F.3d 265, 268 (6th Cir. 2012) (“White added a bad-faith inquiry to the inadvertence prong of the judicial-estoppel test[.]”). 2022White, 617 F.3d at 480 ; Stephenson v. Malloy, 700 F.3d 265, 268 (6th Cir. 2012) (“White added a bad-faith inquiry to the inadvertence prong of the judicial-estoppel test[.]”). | 2 | 2 |
Stevens v. Motorists Mutual Insurance Co.green2 sentences2022Co., 759 S.W.2d 819, 820 (Ky. 1988) (holding that the purchase of an insurance policy is the purchase of a “service” as defined by the KCPA). 8 Ordinarily, a third party cannot maintain a claim against an insurer under the KCPA because the statutory language of KRS 367.220 limits standing under the Act to those persons who purchased the good or service in question—in this case, the insurance policy.16 But a bad-faith claim under the KCPA is a statutory tort that arises out of a contractual relationship and, as such, is assignable.17 So, as in Belt’s case, the insured may assign a claim arising 2022Co., 759 S.W.2d 819, 820 (Ky. 1988) (holding that the purchase of an insurance policy is the purchase of a “service” as defined by the KCPA). 8 Ordinarily, a third party cannot maintain a claim against an insurer under the KCPA because the statutory language of KRS 367.220 limits standing under the Act to those persons who purchased the good or service in question—in this case, the insurance policy.16 But a bad-faith claim under the KCPA is a statutory tort that arises out of a contractual relationship and, as such, is assignable.17 So, as in Belt’s case, the insured may assign a claim arising | 2 | 2 |
Indiana Insurance Company v. James Demetregreen2 sentences2026Demetre, 527 S.W.3d at 40 . 2020Co. v. Demetre, 527 S.W.3d 12, 26 (Ky. 2017) (quoting Davidson v. American Freightways, Inc., 25 S.W.3d 94, 100 (Ky. 2000)). | 1 | 2 |
Hollaway v. Direct General Insurance Co. of Mississippigreen2 sentences2021Co. of Miss., 497 S.W.3d 733, 738 (Ky. 2016). 8 are present, a trial court may not allow a third party’s bad faith claim to proceed to the jury.16 1. 2020Co. of Mississippi, Inc., 497 S.W.3d 733 , 738 & 739 (Ky. 2016) (footnote omitted). | 1 | 2 |
Knotts v. Zurich Insurance Co.green2 sentences2025In Knotts v. Zurich Insurance Company, this Court considered whether a plaintiff could rely on an insurer’s post-litigation conduct to support a bad faith claim. 197 S.W.3d 512, 515 (Ky. 2006). 2025Co., 626 S.W.3d 579 , 591 (Ky. 2021) (“Because there is no recognized process for trial court intervention or procedural relief available for bad-faith settlement conduct, evidence of such conduct may be admitted as proof in a bad-faith claim.”). 8 We also held in Knotts, however, that evidence of the insurer’s “other litigation conduct” is not admissible to prove a bad faith claim. 197 S.W.3d at 523 . | 1 | 1 |
Doe v. Golden & Walters, PLLCgreen2 sentences2024Because the bad faith claim had not accrued when it was filed with the original negligence suit, Breedlove argued that the bad faith claim was unripe, depriving the trial court of subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to Doe v. Golden & Walters, PLLC, 173 S.W.3d 260, 275-76 (Ky. App. 2005). 2024Because the bad faith claim had not accrued when it was filed with the original negligence suit, Breedlove argued that the bad faith claim was unripe, depriving the trial court of subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to Doe v. Golden & Walters, PLLC, 173 S.W.3d 260, 275-76 (Ky. App. 2005). | 1 | 1 |
DeStock 14, Inc. v. Logsdongreen1 sentence2018See generally DeStock No. 14 v. Logsdon , 993 S.W.2d 952 (Ky. 1999) ; James v. Wilson , 95 S.W.3d 875 (Ky. App. 2002) ; N. Hardin Dev., Inc. v. Corkran , 839 S.W.2d 258 (Ky. 1992) ; T & M Jewelry, Inc. v. Hicks , 189 S.W.3d 526 (Ky. 2006) ; Jenkins, supra. | 1 | 1 |
Motorists Mutual Insurance Co. v. Glassgreen1 sentence2017See Motorists Mut., 996 S.W.2d at 454 (damages for anxiety and mental anguish are recoverable in an action for statutory bad faith, if clear and satisfactory evidence supports inference that anxiety or mental anguish occurred). | 1 | 1 |
| Parker v. Southern Farm Bureau Casualty Insurancegreen | 1 | 1 |
| Roussalis v. Wyoming Medical Center, Inc.green | 1 | 1 |
| Craft v. Commonwealthgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Kentucky Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Co. v. Troxellgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Smothers v. Lewisgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Manchester Insurance & Indemnity Co. v. Grundygreen | 1 | 1 |
| McKinney v. McKinneygreen | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Kentucky. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Empire Fire & Marine Insurance Co. v. Simpsonville Wrecker Service, Inc.
green
2 sentences1997The Calloway Circuit Court granted Guaranty National's motion for summary judgment and dismissed the bad faith claim, finding that the legal questions of reformation and agency raised by Guaranty National in filing the declaration of rights action were "fairly debatable." Empire Fire & Marine v. Simpsonville Wrecker, Ky.App., 880 S.W.2d 886 (1994). 1997The Calloway Circuit Court granted Guaranty National’s motion for summary judgment and dismissed the bad faith claim, finding that the legal questions of reformation and agency raised by Guaranty National in filing the declaration of rights action were “fairly debatable.” Empire Fire & Marine v. Simpsonville Wrecker, Ky.App., 880 S.W.2d 886 (1994). | 4 | 1997–2017 |
Jacobsen v. Allstate Insurance
green
2 sentences2026Co., 351 Mont. 464 , 215 P.3d 649 (2009) (plaintiff was not required to demonstrate serious or severe emotional distress to recover emotional distress damages arising out of a bad faith claim). 2026Co., 351 Mont. 464 , 215 P.3d 649 (2009) (plaintiff was not required to demonstrate serious or severe emotional distress to recover emotional distress damages arising out of a bad faith claim). | 3 | 2017–2026 |
Curry v. Fireman's Fund Insurance Co.
green
2 sentences2017Co., 784 S.W.2d 176 (Ky. 1989)), but in his dissent Justice Leibson advocated adopting the Wisconsin Supreme Court’s three-part Anderson test for a bad faith claim. 71 1 S.W.2d at 846 -47 (citing Anderson, 271 N.W.2d at 371 .) Eventually, the Curry Court (and later Wittmer v. Jones) adopted Anderson’s three-part test, but we have never 54 III. 2017Co., 784 S.W.2d 176 (Ky. 1989), but in his dissent Justice Leibson advocated adopting the Wisconsin Supreme Court’s three-part Anderson test for a bad faith claim, 711 S.W.2d at 846 -47 (citing Anderson, 271 N.W.2d at 371 .) Eventually, the Curry Court (and later Wittmer v. Jones) adopted Anderson's three-part test, but we have never embraced Anderson’s requirement that the plaintiff must "prove substantial damages aside and apart from the emotional distress,” nor have we barred recovery for emotional distress damages that were not severe. | 3 | 2017–2026 |
Kentucky National Insurance Co. v. Shaffer
green
2 sentences2018Additionally, this claim would fail as a matter of law under the second element: that the insurer “lackfed] a reasonable basis in law or fact for denying the claim[.]” Id. (quoting Wittmer, 864 S.W.2d at 890 ). “[I]f a particular claim is ‘fairly debatable,’ the insurer is entitled to debate that claim regardless of whether the debate concerns a matter of fact or one of law.” Empire Fire & Marine Ins. 2018Additionally, this claim would fail as a matter of law under the second element: that the insurer “lackfed] a reasonable basis in law or fact for denying the claim[.]” Id. (quoting Wittmer, 864 S.W.2d at 890 ). “[I]f a particular claim is ‘fairly debatable,’ the insurer is entitled to debate that claim regardless of whether the debate concerns a matter of fact or one of law.” Empire Fire & Marine Ins. | 2 | 2018–2018 |
Philadelphia Indemnity Insurance v. Youth Alive, Inc.
green
2 sentences2017Co. v. Youth Alive, Inc., 732 F.3d 645 (6th Cir. 2013), asserting that the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, applying Kentucky law, has recognized that an insurer can raise coverage disputes without opening itself up to a bad faith claim. 2017Co. v. Youth Alive, Inc., 732 F.3d 645 (6th Cir. 2013), asserting that the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, applying Kentucky law, has recognized that an insurer can raise coverage disputes without opening itself up to a bad faith claim. | 2 | 2017–2017 |
Osborne v. Keeney
green
2 sentences2017Ky. 2014) (district court was not persuaded that “expert evidence is necessary to substantiate a claim [of damages for emotional distress] for discrimination or retaliation under the KCRA).”-28 Based on the foregoing, the MacGlashan court concluded_that ` 237 In Minter, a different division of the United States Distiict Court, Western ' District of Kentucky, went onto explain that Osbome’s expert requirement made sense in negligent or intentional infliction of emotional distress cases, “as the elements _ .of such a claim specifically require ‘severe or serious emotional injury.”" 2014 WL 57809 2017Ky. 2014) (district court Was not persuaded that “expert evidence is necessary to substantiate a claim [of damages for emotional distress] for discrimination or retaliation under the KCRA).”28 Based on the foregoing, the MacGlashan court concluded that 28 In Minter, a different division of the United States District Court, Western District of Kentucky, went on to explain that Osborne’s expert requirement made sense in negligent or intentional infliction of emotional distress cases “as the elements of such a claim specifically require ‘severe or serious emotional injury.’” 2014 WL 5780959 at *4 | 2 | 2017–2017 |
Anderson v. Continental Insurance
green
2 sentences2017Co., 784 _ S.W.2d 176 (Ky. 1989)), but in his dissent Justice Leibson advocated adopting the Wisconsin Supreme Court’s three~part Anderson test for a bad faith claim. 71 1 S.W.2d at 846-47 {citingAnderson, 271 N.W.2d at 371 .] Eventually, the Curry Court (and later Wittmer v. Jones) adopted Anderson’s three-part test, but we have never 54 III. 2017Co., 784 S.W.2d 176 (Ky. 1989), but in his dissent Justice Leibson advocated adopting the Wisconsin Supreme Court’s three-part Anderson test for a bad faith claim, 711 S.W.2d at 846 -47 (citing Anderson, 271 N.W.2d at 371 .) Eventually, the Curry Court (and later Wittmer v. Jones) adopted Anderson's three-part test, but we have never embraced Anderson’s requirement that the plaintiff must "prove substantial damages aside and apart from the emotional distress,” nor have we barred recovery for emotional distress damages that were not severe. | 2 | 2017–2017 |
Coots v. Allstate Insurance Co.
green
1 sentence2025Progressive asserts that no evidence supports an inference of harassment, deception, or reckless disregard of the Blevinses’ rights as required under Wittmer, supra. It further argues that the indemnity provision in the proposed release was -11- consistent with Coots, supra, and that the circuit court correctly found its conduct did not approach the level of outrageousness necessary to sustain a bad-faith claim. | 1 | 2025–2025 |
Commonwealth v. English
green
1 sentence2023To prove entitlement to a missing evidence instruction in civil litigation, a litigant “only [has] to show that the opposing party had exclusive control over the evidence 86 See, e.g., Sutton v. Commonwealth, 627 S.W.3d 836 , 848 (Ky. 2021). 87 English, 993 S.W.2d at 945 . 88 Dooley v. Commonwealth, 626 S.W.3d 487 , 502 (Ky. 2021). 30 when it went missing and that the evidence is missing without explanation.”89 Sanchez points to this Court’s dicta in Dooley v. Commonwealth that “our historical imposition of a higher burden on criminal defendants than civil litigants is more than curious[,]” an | 1 | 2023–2023 |
Jenkins Ex Rel. Branum v. Best
green
1 sentence2018See generally DeStock No. 14 v. Logsdon , 993 S.W.2d 952 (Ky. 1999) ; James v. Wilson , 95 S.W.3d 875 (Ky. App. 2002) ; N. Hardin Dev., Inc. v. Corkran , 839 S.W.2d 258 (Ky. 1992) ; T & M Jewelry, Inc. v. Hicks , 189 S.W.3d 526 (Ky. 2006) ; Jenkins, supra. | 1 | 2018–2018 |
T & M JEWELRY, INC. v. Hicks Ex Rel. Hicks
green
1 sentence2018See generally DeStock No. 14 v. Logsdon , 993 S.W.2d 952 (Ky. 1999) ; James v. Wilson , 95 S.W.3d 875 (Ky. App. 2002) ; N. Hardin Dev., Inc. v. Corkran , 839 S.W.2d 258 (Ky. 1992) ; T & M Jewelry, Inc. v. Hicks , 189 S.W.3d 526 (Ky. 2006) ; Jenkins, supra. | 1 | 2018–2018 |
North Hardin Developers, Inc. v. Corkran Ex Rel. Corkran
green
1 sentence2018See generally DeStock No. 14 v. Logsdon , 993 S.W.2d 952 (Ky. 1999) ; James v. Wilson , 95 S.W.3d 875 (Ky. App. 2002) ; N. Hardin Dev., Inc. v. Corkran , 839 S.W.2d 258 (Ky. 1992) ; T & M Jewelry, Inc. v. Hicks , 189 S.W.3d 526 (Ky. 2006) ; Jenkins, supra. | 1 | 2018–2018 |
James v. Wilson
green
1 sentence2018See generally DeStock No. 14 v. Logsdon , 993 S.W.2d 952 (Ky. 1999) ; James v. Wilson , 95 S.W.3d 875 (Ky. App. 2002) ; N. Hardin Dev., Inc. v. Corkran , 839 S.W.2d 258 (Ky. 1992) ; T & M Jewelry, Inc. v. Hicks , 189 S.W.3d 526 (Ky. 2006) ; Jenkins, supra. | 1 | 2018–2018 |
Federal Kemper Insurance Co. v. Hornback
red
1 sentence2017Co., 784 S.W.2d 176 (Ky. 1989), but in his dissent Justice Leibson advocated adopting the Wisconsin Supreme Court’s three-part Anderson test for a bad faith claim, 711 S.W.2d at 846 -47 (citing Anderson, 271 N.W.2d at 371 .) Eventually, the Curry Court (and later Wittmer v. Jones) adopted Anderson's three-part test, but we have never embraced Anderson’s requirement that the plaintiff must "prove substantial damages aside and apart from the emotional distress,” nor have we barred recovery for emotional distress damages that were not severe. | 1 | 2017–2017 |
Estate of Amos v. Vanderbilt University
green
1 sentence2017Notably, in Estate of Amos v. Vanderbilt Univ., 62 S.W.3d 133 (Tenn. 2001), the Tennessee Supreme Court declined to extend Camper’s (the case relied on by this Court in Osborne) heightened standard of proof for the recovery of emotional damages in negligent infliction of emotional distress claims to all claims for emotional damages. | 1 | 2017–2017 |
Overmeyer v. Rogers
green
1 sentence2017Co., 784 S.W.2d 176 (Ky. 1989)), but in his dissent Justice Leibson advocated adopting the Wisconsin Supreme Court’s three-part Anderson test for a bad faith claim. 71 1 S.W.2d at 846 -47 (citing Anderson, 271 N.W.2d at 371 .) Eventually, the Curry Court (and later Wittmer v. Jones) adopted Anderson’s three-part test, but we have never 54 III. | 1 | 2017–2017 |
Zurich Insurance Co. v. Knotts
green
2 sentences2013The attorney in Knotts was already deeply involved in the litigation, which was a bad faith claim, and had litigated the related negligence case “from its inception.” Id. 2013That attorney had “unique knowledge and familiarity with the underlying facts in that action,” id. at 557 , and “knowledge of the case no one else could duplicate,” id. at 560 . | 1 | 2013–2013 |
| Arizona v. Youngblood green | 1 | 2012–2012 |
| James v. Shadoan neutral | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| Oppenheimer Fund, Inc. v. Sanders green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| Washington v. Goodman green | 1 | 2001–2001 |
| Ogden v. Montana Power Co. green | 1 | 2000–2000 |
| Johnson v. Commonwealth green | 1 | 1997–1997 |
| Allen v. Commonwealth green | 1 | 1997–1997 |
| Tamme v. Commonwealth green | 1 | 1997–1997 |
| Perdue v. Commonwealth green | 1 | 1997–1997 |
| Redmon v. Redmon green | 1 | 1992–1992 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.