invocation doctrine (Illinois) · Go Syfert
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invocation doctrine in Illinois

33 Illinois opinions name it 2 courts 1973–2026 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Illinois courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (11)

CaseFollowedCited
Highmark Inc. v. Allcare Health Management System, Inc.green
scotus · 2014 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015The parties dispute the applicable standard of review: the defendants arguing for abuse of discretion; the plaintiffs urging us to apply de novo review. ¶ 41 Since we have said that judicial estoppel is an equitable doctrine invoked by the court at its discretion (Runge, 234 Ill. 2d at 132 ; Jones, 223 Ill. 2d at 598 ; Caballero, 206 Ill. 2d at 80 ), it would seem to follow that we review a court’s invocation of the doctrine under the abuse-of-discretion standard (see Highmark Inc. v. Allcare Health Management System, Inc., 572 U.S. ___ , ___, 134 S. Ct. 1744, 1748 (2014) (noting that, “[t]rad

2015The parties dispute the applicable standard of review: the defendants arguing for abuse of discretion; the plaintiffs urging us to apply de novo review. ¶ 41 Since we have said that judicial estoppel is an equitable doctrine invoked by the court at its discretion (Runge, 234 Ill. 2d at 132 ; Jones, 223 Ill. 2d at 598 ; Caballero, 206 Ill. 2d at 80 ), it would seem to follow that we review a court’s invocation of the doctrine under the abuse-of-discretion standard (see Highmark Inc. v. Allcare Health Management System, Inc., 572 U.S. ___ , ___, 134 S. Ct. 1744, 1748 (2014) (noting that, “[t]rad

22
People v. Johnsongreen
ill · 1979 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
2 sentences

2002As this court has recently and clearly stated: “ ‘Waiver of a constitutional right is valid only if it is clearly established that there was “an intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right ***.” ’ People v. Johnson, 75 Ill. 2d 180, 187 (1979), quoting Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458, 464 , 82 L.

2002As this court has recently and clearly stated: “ ‘Waiver of a constitutional right is valid only if it is clearly established that there was “an intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right ***.” ’ People v. Johnson , 75 Ill. 2d 180, 187 (1979), quoting Johnson v. Zerbst , 304 U.S. 458, 464 , 82 L.

22
People v. Keenegreen
ill · 1995 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
2 sentences

2001See Keene, 169 Ill.2d at 18 , 214 Ill.Dec. 194 , 660 N.E.2d 901 .

2001See Keene, 169 Ill. 2d at 18 .

22
Rowland v. Kliesgreen
mont · 1986 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994
2 sentences

1994See also Rowland v. Klies (1986), 223 Mont. 360, 367 , 726 P.2d 310, 315 (" '[although the rule ... may be regarded as a form of estoppel, it is not strictly one of estoppel, but partakes rather of positive rules of procedure based on manifest justice and, to a greater or lesser degree, on considerations of the orderliness, regularity, and expedition of litigation’ *** [citation]”).) While these considerations may mitigate against the invocation of the doctrine as a complete bar, we note that the trial court did nevertheless expressly consider the representations before the tax board as eviden

1994See also Rowland v. Klies (1986), 223 Mont. 360, 367 , 726 P.2d 310, 315 (" '[although the rule ... may be regarded as a form of estoppel, it is not strictly one of estoppel, but partakes rather of positive rules of procedure based on manifest justice and, to a greater or lesser degree, on considerations of the orderliness, regularity, and expedition of litigation’ *** [citation]”).) While these considerations may mitigate against the invocation of the doctrine as a complete bar, we note that the trial court did nevertheless expressly consider the representations before the tax board as eviden

22
In re Marriage of Morgangreen
illappct · 2019 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
1 sentence

2026See In re Marriage of Morgan, 2019 IL App (3d) 180560, ¶ 12 (“Case law concerned with requisite Rule 304(a) findings allow for the invocation of the rule if it is clear from the record it was the trial court’s intent.”).

11
Bidani v. Lewisgreen
illappct · 1996 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025We need not resolve this question, as regardless we reject the invocation of the doctrine of judicial estoppel. ¶ 34 The doctrine of judicial estoppel “promote[s] the truth and * * * protect[s] the integrity of the court system by preventing litigants from deliberately shifting positions to suit the exigencies of the moment.” Bidani v. Lewis, 285 Ill.

11
People v. Bombacinogreen
ill · 1972 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
1 sentence

2022Our supreme court first rejected the State’s invocation of the principle that, “in order to have standing to contest the constitutionality of a statutory provision, the party bringing that challenge must show that he falls within the class of persons aggrieved by - 23 - No. 1-21-0261 the alleged unconstitutionality.” Id. (citing People v. Bombacino, 51 Ill. 2d 17, 20 (1972)).

11
Application of Du Page County Collectorgreen
ill · 1992 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
2 sentences

2019See In re Application of the Du Page County Collector , 152 Ill. 2d 545 , 549-50, 178 Ill.Dec. 773 , 605 N.E.2d 567 (1992).

2019See In re Application of the Du Page County Collector , 152 Ill. 2d 545 , 549-50, 178 Ill.Dec. 773 , 605 N.E.2d 567 (1992).

11
Graham v. Northwestern Memorial Hospitalgreen
illappct · 2012 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
1 sentence

2012See Graham v. Northwestern Memorial Hospital, 2012 IL App (1st) 102609, ¶ 12 (trial court reduced plaintiff’s $250,000 jury award to zero in light of a greater settlement with a codefendant). -7- testimony involved in Ceres Terminals.

11
In Re DFgreen
ill · 2003 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
2 sentences

2006See In re D.F., 208 Ill.2d 223, 238-39 , 280 Ill.Dec. 549 , 802 N.E.2d 800 (2003) (the rule of waiver is a limitation on the parties and not on the court).

2006See In re D.F., 208 Ill. 2d 223, 238-39 (2003) (the rule of waiver is a limitation on the parties and not on the court).

11
United States v. Certain Land and Interests in Propertygreen
tnmd · 1964 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994
1 sentence

1994(See United States v. Siegel (N.D.Ill.1979), 472 F.Supp. 440 , 442 n. 4 (the doctrine of judicial estoppel "does not apply where the prior statement is merely an expression of opinion or legal conclusion"); United States v. Certain Land and Interests in Property (M.D.Tenn.1964), 225 F.Supp. 338, 341 ("prior statements * * * will not be binding if shown to have been mistakenly or inconsiderately made, or if they were merely expressions of opinion or legal conclusions"); see also Comment, Judicial Estoppel: The Refurbishing of a Judicial Shield, 55 Geo.

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Illinois. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (21)

CaseCitedYears
Ceres Terminals, Inc. v. Chicago City Bank & Trust Co. green
illappct · 1994
2 sentences

2012We noted that “representations on matters of opinion are insufficient to support the invocation of the doctrine of judicial estoppel.” Id. at 851-52 . ¶ 31 The opinion testimony at issue in this case is of a different type than the opinion only if they damaged the plaintiffs beyond the $3,200,000 the codefendants paid in settlements.

2012We agree with the circuit court that, as a matter of law, protecting the integrity of the court system compelled the application of judicial estoppel to the plaintiffs' claims in their 2007 complaint. ¶ 40 The opinion testimony at issue in this case is precisely the sort that stands for a representation of fact, as plainly urged by the plaintiffs in this medical malpractice case; the medical opinion testimony is substantially different from the fair market valuation of property at issue in Ceres Terminals to take this case out of its cautionary language that "representations on matters of opin

31994–2012
People v. Caballero green
ill · 2002
2 sentences

2015The parties dispute the applicable standard of review: the defendants arguing for abuse of discretion; the plaintiffs urging us to apply de novo review. ¶ 41 Since we have said that judicial estoppel is an equitable doctrine invoked by the court at its discretion (Runge, 234 Ill. 2d at 132 ; Jones, 223 Ill. 2d at 598 ; Caballero, 206 Ill. 2d at 80 ), it would seem to follow that we review a court’s invocation of the doctrine under the abuse-of-discretion standard (see Highmark Inc. v. Allcare Health Management System, Inc., 572 U.S. ___ , ___, 134 S. Ct. 1744, 1748 (2014) (noting that, “[t]rad

2015The parties dispute the applicable standard of review: the defendants arguing for abuse of discretion; the plaintiffs urging us to apply de novo review. ¶ 41 Since we have said that judicial estoppel is an equitable doctrine invoked by the court at its discretion (Runge, 234 Ill. 2d at 132 ; Jones, 223 Ill. 2d at 598 ; Caballero, 206 Ill. 2d at 80 ), it would seem to follow that we review a court’s invocation of the doctrine under the abuse-of-discretion standard (see Highmark Inc. v. Allcare Health Management System, Inc., 572 U.S. ___ , ___, 134 S. Ct. 1744, 1748 (2014) (noting that, “[t]rad

22015–2015
People v. Runge green
ill · 2009
2 sentences

2015The parties dispute the applicable standard of review: the defendants arguing for abuse of discretion; the plaintiffs urging us to apply de novo review. ¶ 41 Since we have said that judicial estoppel is an equitable doctrine invoked by the court at its discretion (Runge, 234 Ill. 2d at 132 ; Jones, 223 Ill. 2d at 598 ; Caballero, 206 Ill. 2d at 80 ), it would seem to follow that we review a court’s invocation of the doctrine under the abuse-of-discretion standard (see Highmark Inc. v. Allcare Health Management System, Inc., 572 U.S. ___ , ___, 134 S. Ct. 1744, 1748 (2014) (noting that, “[t]rad

2015The parties dispute the applicable standard of review: the defendants arguing for abuse of discretion; the plaintiffs urging us to apply de novo review. ¶ 41 Since we have said that judicial estoppel is an equitable doctrine invoked by the court at its discretion (Runge, 234 Ill. 2d at 132 ; Jones, 223 Ill. 2d at 598 ; Caballero, 206 Ill. 2d at 80 ), it would seem to follow that we review a court’s invocation of the doctrine under the abuse-of-discretion standard (see Highmark Inc. v. Allcare Health Management System, Inc., 572 U.S. ___ , ___, 134 S. Ct. 1744, 1748 (2014) (noting that, “[t]rad

22015–2015
People v. Jones green
ill · 2006
2 sentences

2015The parties dispute the applicable standard of review: the defendants arguing for abuse of discretion; the plaintiffs urging us to apply de novo review. ¶ 41 Since we have said that judicial estoppel is an equitable doctrine invoked by the court at its discretion (Runge, 234 Ill. 2d at 132 ; Jones, 223 Ill. 2d at 598 ; Caballero, 206 Ill. 2d at 80 ), it would seem to follow that we review a court’s invocation of the doctrine under the abuse-of-discretion standard (see Highmark Inc. v. Allcare Health Management System, Inc., 572 U.S. ___ , ___, 134 S. Ct. 1744, 1748 (2014) (noting that, “[t]rad

2015The parties dispute the applicable standard of review: the defendants arguing for abuse of discretion; the plaintiffs urging us to apply de novo review. ¶ 41 Since we have said that judicial estoppel is an equitable doctrine invoked by the court at its discretion (Runge, 234 Ill. 2d at 132 ; Jones, 223 Ill. 2d at 598 ; Caballero, 206 Ill. 2d at 80 ), it would seem to follow that we review a court’s invocation of the doctrine under the abuse-of-discretion standard (see Highmark Inc. v. Allcare Health Management System, Inc., 572 U.S. ___ , ___, 134 S. Ct. 1744, 1748 (2014) (noting that, “[t]rad

22015–2015
Auer v. Robbins green
scotus · 1997
2 sentences

2006When an agency interprets its own regulation, the agency’s interpretation is controlling unless “ ‘plainly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation.’ ” Auer v. Robbins, 519 U.S. 452, 461 , 137 L.

2006When an agency interprets its own regulation, the agency’s interpretation is controlling unless “ ‘plainly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation.’ ” Auer v. Robbins, 519 U.S. 452, 461 , 137 L.

22006–2006
People v. Luedemann green
illappct · 2005
2 sentences

2006In Luedemann I, we considered the State's invocation of the doctrine "both improper and unnecessary." Luedemann I, 357 Ill.

2006In Luedemann I, we considered the State’s invocation of the doctrine “both improper and unnecessary.” Luedemann I, 357 Ill.

22006–2006
People v. Jackson green
ill · 2002
2 sentences

2002JUSTICE KILBRIDE, dissenting: The majority’s invocation of the waiver doctrine is as misplaced here as it was in People v. Jackson, 199 Ill. 2d 286 (2002).

2002Justice KILBRIDE joins in this dissent. *1072 Dissent Upon Denial of Rehearing Justice KILBRIDE, dissenting: The majority's invocation of the waiver doctrine is as misplaced here as it was in People v. Jackson, 199 Ill.2d 286 , 263 Ill.

22002–2002
Johnson v. Zerbst green
scotus · 1938
2 sentences

2002As this court has recently and clearly stated: “ ‘Waiver of a constitutional right is valid only if it is clearly established that there was “an intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right ***.” ’ People v. Johnson, 75 Ill. 2d 180, 187 (1979), quoting Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458, 464 , 82 L.

2002As this court has recently and clearly stated: “ ‘Waiver of a constitutional right is valid only if it is clearly established that there was “an intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right ***.” ’ People v. Johnson, 75 Ill. 2d 180, 187 (1979), quoting Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458, 464 , 82 L.

22002–2002
In Re Steigler green
del · 1969
2 sentences

2001Since the general rule is admission to bail, the State, if it seeks to invoke the exception to the rule, must bear the burden of going forward with the evidence to produce facts to warrant the invocation of the exception.” Steigler, 250 A.2d at 382-83 .

2001Since the general rule is admission to bail, the State, if it seeks to invoke the exception to the rule, must bear the burden of going forward with the evidence to produce facts to warrant the invocation of the exception." Steigler , 250 A.2d at 382-83 .

22001–2001
Gulf Oil Corp. v. Gilbert red
scotus · 1947
2 sentences

1973“Fundamental fairness,” if applicable to this record at all, would require the invocation of the rule enunciated in Gulf Oil Corp. v. Gilbert, 330 U.S. 501 , 91 L.

1973“Fundamental fairness,” if applicable to this record at all, would require the invocation of the rule enunciated in Gulf Oil Corp. v. Gilbert, 330 U.S. 501 , 91 L.

21973–1973
J.S. Riemer, Inc. v. The Village of Orland Hills green
illappct · 2013
1 sentence

2025Reimer, Inc., 2013 IL App (1st) 120106, ¶ 48 . ¶ 41 In this case, defendants argue that Miller’s email “was not an action to remedy nor even a promise to do so.” Defendants argue that the complaint does not allege that defendants took any “affirmative steps to remedy the property damage *** as legally required for *** the invocation of the doctrine of estoppel.” Plaintiff replies J.S.

12025–2025
Ceres Terminals v. CHICAGO CITY BANK green
illappct · 1994
2 sentences

2012We noted that "representations on matters of opinion are insufficient to support the invocation of the doctrine of judicial estoppel." Id. at 851-52, 200 Ill.

2012We agree with the circuit court that, as a matter of law, protecting the integrity of the court system compelled the application of judicial estoppel to the plaintiffs' claims in their 2007 complaint. ¶ 40 The opinion testimony at issue in this case is precisely the sort that stands for a representation of fact, as plainly urged by the plaintiffs in this medical malpractice case; the medical opinion testimony is substantially different from the fair market valuation of property at issue in Ceres Terminals to take this case out of its cautionary language that "representations on matters of opin

12012–2012
Gabriel v. COLUMBIA NAT. BANK OF CHICAGO green
illappct · 1992
1 sentence

2004Gabriel, 228 Ill.

12004–2004
United States v. Siegel green
ilnd · 1979
1 sentence

1994(See United States v. Siegel (N.D.Ill.1979), 472 F.Supp. 440 , 442 n. 4 (the doctrine of judicial estoppel "does not apply where the prior statement is merely an expression of opinion or legal conclusion"); United States v. Certain Land and Interests in Property (M.D.Tenn.1964), 225 F.Supp. 338, 341 ("prior statements * * * will not be binding if shown to have been mistakenly or inconsiderately made, or if they were merely expressions of opinion or legal conclusions"); see also Comment, Judicial Estoppel: The Refurbishing of a Judicial Shield, 55 Geo.

11994–1994
Jaffe Commercial Finance Co. v. Harris green
illappct · 1983
2 sentences

1993App. 3d 136, 140 , 456 N.E.2d 224 .) The invocation of the doctrine of unclean hands is within the trial court’s discretion and its application has not been favored by the courts.

1993(Jaffe, 119 Ill.

11993–1993
Ridge v. State Ex Rel. Tate green
ala · 1921
2 sentences

1992Tate (1921), 206 Ala. 349 , 89 So. 742 , that the invocation of the privilege against self-incrimination in a defendant’s answer to a complaint, because it was not a denial of the allegation, would normally result in a default judgment.

1992Tate (1921), 206 Ala. 349 , 89 So. 742 , that the invocation of the privilege against self-incrimination in a defendant’s answer to a complaint, because it was not a denial of the allegation, would normally result in a default judgment.

11992–1992
People v. Young green
illappct · 1975
1 sentence

1990App. 3d 443 , 337 N.E.2d 40 ), we find that the errors alleged here, either singularly or cumulatively, are insufficient to justify the invocation of the rule.

11990–1990
People v. Enoch green
ill · 1988
1 sentence

1989(People v. Enoch, 122 Ill. 2d at 198 .) While we recognize that this court will address questions such as those raised by the defendant under the plain error exception, we do not believe the invocation of that doctrine to be appropriate under the facts of the case at bar.

11989–1989
Dingman v. People neutral
ill · 1869
2 sentences

1977The majority further places great reliance upon Dingman v. People (1869), 51 Ill. 277 , for the invocation of the doctrine of repeal by, implication to the instant case.

1977The majority further places great reliance upon Dingman v. People (1869), 51 Ill. 277 , for the invocation of the doctrine of repeal by implication to the instant case.

11977–1977
United States v. United States Coin & Currency green
scotus · 1971
11975–1975
City of Quincy v. Sturhahn green
ill · 1960
11974–1974

Statutes the citing opinions construe

IL § 735 ILCS 5/2-619 (6)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

NY 168 (1895–2025) CA 92 (1899–2026) NJ 52 (1951–2025) TX 45 (1922–2024) MA 44 (1929–2026) CT 37 (1975–2017) PA 34 (1971–2026) IL 33 (1973–2026) MD 32 (1959–2022) FL 26 (1949–2025) LA 19 (1937–2018) OH 18 (1985–2025) MO 17 (1903–2020) AL 16 (1909–2023) GA 15 (1957–2025) MI 12 (1917–2025) VA 10 (1992–2025) MN 9 (1956–2024) RI 9 (1986–2005) DC 9 (1976–2025) TN 9 (1975–2024) WA 9 (1914–2025) ME 8 (1974–2014) CO 8 (1968–2016) OR 8 (1898–2020) DE 8 (1969–2023) ND 8 (1974–2019) AZ 7 (1968–2018) ID 7 (1983–2020) WI 7 (1893–2009) UT 6 (2004–2024) IN 6 (1918–2025) OK 6 (1955–2011) KY 6 (1913–2024) WV 5 (1997–2024) SC 5 (1984–2023) WY 5 (1981–1992) IA 5 (1971–2020) NM 5 (1973–2023) NC 5 (1995–2010) SD 4 (2000–2004) AK 4 (1980–1995) HI 4 (1994–2025) NE 3 (1984–2019) KS 3 (1928–1996) NH 3 (1993–2021) VT 2 (1990–2009) NV 2 (1979–1994) MS 2 (1993–2014) AR 2 (2019–2025)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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