analogous rule (Washington) · Go Syfert
← Washington issues

analogous rule in Washington

21 Washington opinions name it 2 courts 1950–2025 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Washington courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (10)

CaseFollowedCited
Babcock v. Stategreen
wash · 1991 · cited in 2 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
2 sentences

2005See Babcock v. State, 116 Wn.2d 596, 610 , 809 P.2d 143 (1991).

2005See Babcock v. State, 116 Wn.2d 596, 610 , 809 P.2d 143 (1991).

22
Sprecher v. Adamson Companiesgreen
cal · 1981 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
2 sentences

2000See, e.g., Sprecher v. Adamson Cos., 30 Cal.3d 358 , 636 P.2d 1121 , 1128-29, 178 Cal.Rptr. 783 (1981) (landslide case applying tree case analysis); Dudley, 166 A.2d at 744 ; Willis v. Maloof, 184 Ga. App. 349 , 361 S.E.2d 512, 513 (1987); Meyers v. Delaney, 529 N.W.2d 288, 290 (Iowa 1995); Burke v. Briggs, 239 N.J.Super. 269 , 571 A.2d 296, 299-300 (1990) (adopting Sprecher ); Ivancic v. Olmstead, 66 N.Y.2d 349 , 488 N.E.2d 72, 73 , 497 N.Y.S.2d 326 , 54 A.L.R.4th 523 (1985); Nationwide Ins.

2000See, e.g., Sprecher v. Adamson Cos., 30 Cal.3d 358 , 636 P.2d 1121 , 1128-29, 178 Cal.Rptr. 783 (1981) (landslide case applying tree case analysis); Dudley, 166 A.2d at 744 ; Willis v. Maloof, 184 Ga. App. 349 , 361 S.E.2d 512, 513 (1987); Meyers v. Delaney, 529 N.W.2d 288, 290 (Iowa 1995); Burke v. Briggs, 239 N.J.Super. 269 , 571 A.2d 296, 299-300 (1990) (adopting Sprecher ); Ivancic v. Olmstead, 66 N.Y.2d 349 , 488 N.E.2d 72, 73 , 497 N.Y.S.2d 326 , 54 A.L.R.4th 523 (1985); Nationwide Ins.

11
Burke v. Briggsgreen
njsuperctappdiv · 1990 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
2 sentences

2000See, e.g., Sprecher v. Adamson Cos., 30 Cal.3d 358 , 636 P.2d 1121 , 1128-29, 178 Cal.Rptr. 783 (1981) (landslide case applying tree case analysis); Dudley, 166 A.2d at 744 ; Willis v. Maloof, 184 Ga. App. 349 , 361 S.E.2d 512, 513 (1987); Meyers v. Delaney, 529 N.W.2d 288, 290 (Iowa 1995); Burke v. Briggs, 239 N.J.Super. 269 , 571 A.2d 296, 299-300 (1990) (adopting Sprecher ); Ivancic v. Olmstead, 66 N.Y.2d 349 , 488 N.E.2d 72, 73 , 497 N.Y.S.2d 326 , 54 A.L.R.4th 523 (1985); Nationwide Ins.

2000See, e.g., Sprecher v. Adamson Cos., 30 Cal.3d 358 , 636 P.2d 1121 , 1128-29, 178 Cal.Rptr. 783 (1981) (landslide case applying tree case analysis); Dudley, 166 A.2d at 744 ; Willis v. Maloof, 184 Ga. App. 349 , 361 S.E.2d 512, 513 (1987); Meyers v. Delaney, 529 N.W.2d 288, 290 (Iowa 1995); Burke v. Briggs, 239 N.J.Super. 269 , 571 A.2d 296, 299-300 (1990) (adopting Sprecher ); Ivancic v. Olmstead, 66 N.Y.2d 349 , 488 N.E.2d 72, 73 , 497 N.Y.S.2d 326 , 54 A.L.R.4th 523 (1985); Nationwide Ins.

11
Meyers v. Delaneygreen
iowa · 1995 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
1 sentence

2000See, e.g., Sprecher v. Adamson Cos., 30 Cal.3d 358 , 636 P.2d 1121 , 1128-29, 178 Cal.Rptr. 783 (1981) (landslide case applying tree case analysis); Dudley, 166 A.2d at 744 ; Willis v. Maloof, 184 Ga. App. 349 , 361 S.E.2d 512, 513 (1987); Meyers v. Delaney, 529 N.W.2d 288, 290 (Iowa 1995); Burke v. Briggs, 239 N.J.Super. 269 , 571 A.2d 296, 299-300 (1990) (adopting Sprecher ); Ivancic v. Olmstead, 66 N.Y.2d 349 , 488 N.E.2d 72, 73 , 497 N.Y.S.2d 326 , 54 A.L.R.4th 523 (1985); Nationwide Ins.

11
Willis v. Maloofgreen
gactapp · 1987 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
2 sentences

2000See, e.g., Sprecher v. Adamson Cos., 30 Cal.3d 358 , 636 P.2d 1121 , 1128-29, 178 Cal.Rptr. 783 (1981) (landslide case applying tree case analysis); Dudley, 166 A.2d at 744 ; Willis v. Maloof, 184 Ga. App. 349 , 361 S.E.2d 512, 513 (1987); Meyers v. Delaney, 529 N.W.2d 288, 290 (Iowa 1995); Burke v. Briggs, 239 N.J.Super. 269 , 571 A.2d 296, 299-300 (1990) (adopting Sprecher ); Ivancic v. Olmstead, 66 N.Y.2d 349 , 488 N.E.2d 72, 73 , 497 N.Y.S.2d 326 , 54 A.L.R.4th 523 (1985); Nationwide Ins.

2000See, e.g., Sprecher v. Adamson Cos., 30 Cal.3d 358 , 636 P.2d 1121 , 1128-29, 178 Cal.Rptr. 783 (1981) (landslide case applying tree case analysis); Dudley, 166 A.2d at 744 ; Willis v. Maloof, 184 Ga. App. 349 , 361 S.E.2d 512, 513 (1987); Meyers v. Delaney, 529 N.W.2d 288, 290 (Iowa 1995); Burke v. Briggs, 239 N.J.Super. 269 , 571 A.2d 296, 299-300 (1990) (adopting Sprecher ); Ivancic v. Olmstead, 66 N.Y.2d 349 , 488 N.E.2d 72, 73 , 497 N.Y.S.2d 326 , 54 A.L.R.4th 523 (1985); Nationwide Ins.

11
Chock v. Wah Kwai Chockgreen
haw · 1953 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1985–1985
1 sentence

1985Jendrusch v. Jendrusch, 1 Hawaii App. 605 , 623 P.2d 893 , 897 n.4 (1981); Madden v. Madden, 44 Hawaii 442 , 355 P.2d 33 , *743 38 (1960); Chock v. Chock, 39 Hawaii 657, 658-59 (1953); see also 24 Am.

11
Blythe v. Hinckleygreen
· 1901 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1971–1971
11
Patsone v. Pennsylvaniagreen
scotus · 1914 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1971–1971
11
Turner v. Turnergreen
wash · 1968 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1971–1971
11
Rampon v. Washington Water Power Co.green
wash · 1917 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 1950–1950
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Washington. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (30)

CaseCitedYears
State v. Koerber green
washctapp · 1996
2 sentences

2011The City contends the same is true here and that a short delay to wait for the witness could not have prejudiced Sandhu in any substantial way. ¶14 “Fairness to the defendant underlies the purpose of CrR 8.3(b).” Koerber, 85 Wn.

2011The City contends the same is true here and that a short delay to wait for the witness could not have prejudiced Sandhu in any substantial way. ¶ 14 "Fairness to the defendant underlies the purpose of CrR 8.3(b)." Koerber, 85 Wash.App. at 5 , 931 P.2d 904 .

22011–2011
State v. Brown green
wash · 2002
2 sentences

2008Correspondingly, the jury trial right does not prohibit applying harmless error analysis to the analogous error of the failure to submit a sentencing factor to the jury. ¶34 Controlling precedent dictates that the failure to submit a sentencing factor to a jury is subject to harmless error analysis. 13 Our 2002 decision in State v. Brown plainly and conclusively announced the rule governing applicability of harmless error analysis to the failure to submit an element and, by extension, a sentencing factor to the jury. 147 Wn.2d 330 , 58 P.3d 889 (2002) (considering faulty accomplice liability i

2008Correspondingly, the jury trial right does not prohibit applying harmless error analysis to the analogous error of the failure to submit a sentencing factor to the jury. ¶ 34 Controlling precedent dictates that the failure to submit a sentencing factor to a jury is subject to harmless error analysis. [6] Our 2002 decision in State v. Brown plainly and conclusively announced the rule governing applicability of harmless error analysis to the failure to submit an element and, by extension, a sentencing factor to the jury. 147 Wash.2d 330 , 58 P.3d 889 (2002) (considering faulty accomplice liabili

22008–2008
State v. Brown green
wash · 2002
2 sentences

2008Correspondingly, the jury trial right does not prohibit applying harmless error analysis to the analogous error of the failure to submit a sentencing factor to the jury. ¶34 Controlling precedent dictates that the failure to submit a sentencing factor to a jury is subject to harmless error analysis. 13 Our 2002 decision in State v. Brown plainly and conclusively announced the rule governing applicability of harmless error analysis to the failure to submit an element and, by extension, a sentencing factor to the jury. 147 Wn.2d 330 , 58 P.3d 889 (2002) (considering faulty accomplice liability i

2008Correspondingly, the jury trial right does not prohibit applying harmless error analysis to the analogous error of the failure to submit a sentencing factor to the jury. ¶ 34 Controlling precedent dictates that the failure to submit a sentencing factor to a jury is subject to harmless error analysis. [6] Our 2002 decision in State v. Brown plainly and conclusively announced the rule governing applicability of harmless error analysis to the failure to submit an element and, by extension, a sentencing factor to the jury. 147 Wash.2d 330 , 58 P.3d 889 (2002) (considering faulty accomplice liabili

22008–2008
State v. Demery green
wash · 2001
1 sentence

2025State v. Demery, 144 Wn.2d 753, 758 , 30 P.3d 1278 (2001).

12025–2025
State v. Demery green
wash · 2001
1 sentence

2025State v. Demery, 144 Wn.2d 753, 758 , 30 P.3d 1278 (2001).

12025–2025
Munoz v. Munoz green
wash · 1971
2 sentences

2017Munoz v. Munoz, 79 Wn.2d 810, 813 , 489 P.2d 1133 (1971).

2017Munoz v. Munoz, 79 Wn.2d 810, 813 , 489 P.2d 1133 (1971).

12017–2017
Telford v. Thurston County Board of Commissioners green
washctapp · 1999
1 sentence

2015App. 149, 162 , 974 P.2d 886 (1999). -22- No. 71052-4-1/23 a satisfaction of all four determines if the entity is the functional equivalent of a state or local agency.55 We apply an analogous test here.

12015–2015
Nivens v. 7-11 Hoagy's Corner green
wash · 1997
1 sentence

2013Church. 154 Wn.2d 365, 381-82 , 113P.3d463 (2005) (Supreme Court looked to Restatement (Third) of Trusts § 66 (2003) for guidance but did not expressly adopt it); Nivens v. 7-11 Hoaov's Corner. 133 Wn.2d 192, 202-03 , 943 P.2d 286 (1997) (applying Restatement (Second) of Torts § 314A (1965), a section that was not formally adopted by a Washington court, as well as §§ 315 and 344, which were previously adopted); Bennett v. Hardy. 113 Wn.2d 912, 920 , 784 P.2d 1258 (1990) (citing but not formally adopting Restatement (Second) of Torts § 874A (1979) as persuasive authority in adopting an analogou

12013–2013
Nivens v. Corner green
wash · 1997
1 sentence

2013Church. 154 Wn.2d 365, 381-82 , 113P.3d463 (2005) (Supreme Court looked to Restatement (Third) of Trusts § 66 (2003) for guidance but did not expressly adopt it); Nivens v. 7-11 Hoaov's Corner. 133 Wn.2d 192, 202-03 , 943 P.2d 286 (1997) (applying Restatement (Second) of Torts § 314A (1965), a section that was not formally adopted by a Washington court, as well as §§ 315 and 344, which were previously adopted); Bennett v. Hardy. 113 Wn.2d 912, 920 , 784 P.2d 1258 (1990) (citing but not formally adopting Restatement (Second) of Torts § 874A (1979) as persuasive authority in adopting an analogou

12013–2013
Niemann v. Vaughn Community Church green
wash · 2005
1 sentence

2013Church. 154 Wn.2d 365, 381-82 , 113P.3d463 (2005) (Supreme Court looked to Restatement (Third) of Trusts § 66 (2003) for guidance but did not expressly adopt it); Nivens v. 7-11 Hoaov's Corner. 133 Wn.2d 192, 202-03 , 943 P.2d 286 (1997) (applying Restatement (Second) of Torts § 314A (1965), a section that was not formally adopted by a Washington court, as well as §§ 315 and 344, which were previously adopted); Bennett v. Hardy. 113 Wn.2d 912, 920 , 784 P.2d 1258 (1990) (citing but not formally adopting Restatement (Second) of Torts § 874A (1979) as persuasive authority in adopting an analogou

12013–2013
Bennett v. Hardy green
wash · 1990
1 sentence

2013Church. 154 Wn.2d 365, 381-82 , 113P.3d463 (2005) (Supreme Court looked to Restatement (Third) of Trusts § 66 (2003) for guidance but did not expressly adopt it); Nivens v. 7-11 Hoaov's Corner. 133 Wn.2d 192, 202-03 , 943 P.2d 286 (1997) (applying Restatement (Second) of Torts § 314A (1965), a section that was not formally adopted by a Washington court, as well as §§ 315 and 344, which were previously adopted); Bennett v. Hardy. 113 Wn.2d 912, 920 , 784 P.2d 1258 (1990) (citing but not formally adopting Restatement (Second) of Torts § 874A (1979) as persuasive authority in adopting an analogou

12013–2013
Scott Paper Co. v. Department of Labor & Industries green
wash · 1968
2 sentences

2012McDougle’s Applicability in the Context of Death Claims ¶16 Citing McDougle v. Department of Labor & Industries, 64 Wn.2d 640 , 393 P.2d 631 (1964) and Scott Paper Co. v. Department of Labor & Industries, 73 Wn.2d 840 , 440 P.2d 818 (1968), the Department argues that Washington courts “have developed a test to determine when an intervening act breaks the causal chain between the injury and the claimed condition in the context of aggravation applications” and claims we should “apply this analogous test to the context of death claims.” 5 Appellant’s Br. at 19, 21.

2012McDougle’s Applicability in the Context of Death Claims ¶16 Citing McDougle v. Department of Labor & Industries, 64 Wn.2d 640 , 393 P.2d 631 (1964) and Scott Paper Co. v. Department of Labor & Industries, 73 Wn.2d 840 , 440 P.2d 818 (1968), the Department argues that Washington courts “have developed a test to determine when an intervening act breaks the causal chain between the injury and the claimed condition in the context of aggravation applications” and claims we should “apply this analogous test to the context of death claims.” 5 Appellant’s Br. at 19, 21.

12012–2012
McDougle v. Department of Labor & Industries green
wash · 1964
2 sentences

2012McDougle’s Applicability in the Context of Death Claims ¶16 Citing McDougle v. Department of Labor & Industries, 64 Wn.2d 640 , 393 P.2d 631 (1964) and Scott Paper Co. v. Department of Labor & Industries, 73 Wn.2d 840 , 440 P.2d 818 (1968), the Department argues that Washington courts “have developed a test to determine when an intervening act breaks the causal chain between the injury and the claimed condition in the context of aggravation applications” and claims we should “apply this analogous test to the context of death claims.” 5 Appellant’s Br. at 19, 21.

2012McDougle’s Applicability in the Context of Death Claims ¶16 Citing McDougle v. Department of Labor & Industries, 64 Wn.2d 640 , 393 P.2d 631 (1964) and Scott Paper Co. v. Department of Labor & Industries, 73 Wn.2d 840 , 440 P.2d 818 (1968), the Department argues that Washington courts “have developed a test to determine when an intervening act breaks the causal chain between the injury and the claimed condition in the context of aggravation applications” and claims we should “apply this analogous test to the context of death claims.” 5 Appellant’s Br. at 19, 21.

12012–2012
State v. Koerber green
washctapp · 1997
1 sentence

2011The City contends the same is true here and that a short delay to wait for the witness could not have prejudiced Sandhu in any substantial way. ¶ 14 "Fairness to the defendant underlies the purpose of CrR 8.3(b)." Koerber, 85 Wash.App. at 5 , 931 P.2d 904 .

12011–2011
Dudley v. Meadowbrook, Inc. green
dc · 1961
1 sentence

2000See, e.g., Sprecher v. Adamson Cos., 30 Cal.3d 358 , 636 P.2d 1121 , 1128-29, 178 Cal.Rptr. 783 (1981) (landslide case applying tree case analysis); Dudley, 166 A.2d at 744 ; Willis v. Maloof, 184 Ga. App. 349 , 361 S.E.2d 512, 513 (1987); Meyers v. Delaney, 529 N.W.2d 288, 290 (Iowa 1995); Burke v. Briggs, 239 N.J.Super. 269 , 571 A.2d 296, 299-300 (1990) (adopting Sprecher ); Ivancic v. Olmstead, 66 N.Y.2d 349 , 488 N.E.2d 72, 73 , 497 N.Y.S.2d 326 , 54 A.L.R.4th 523 (1985); Nationwide Ins.

12000–2000
Ivancic v. Olmstead green
ny · 1985
2 sentences

2000See, e.g., Sprecher v. Adamson Cos., 30 Cal.3d 358 , 636 P.2d 1121 , 1128-29, 178 Cal.Rptr. 783 (1981) (landslide case applying tree case analysis); Dudley, 166 A.2d at 744 ; Willis v. Maloof, 184 Ga. App. 349 , 361 S.E.2d 512, 513 (1987); Meyers v. Delaney, 529 N.W.2d 288, 290 (Iowa 1995); Burke v. Briggs, 239 N.J.Super. 269 , 571 A.2d 296, 299-300 (1990) (adopting Sprecher ); Ivancic v. Olmstead, 66 N.Y.2d 349 , 488 N.E.2d 72, 73 , 497 N.Y.S.2d 326 , 54 A.L.R.4th 523 (1985); Nationwide Ins.

2000See, e.g., Sprecher v. Adamson Cos., 30 Cal.3d 358 , 636 P.2d 1121 , 1128-29, 178 Cal.Rptr. 783 (1981) (landslide case applying tree case analysis); Dudley, 166 A.2d at 744 ; Willis v. Maloof, 184 Ga. App. 349 , 361 S.E.2d 512, 513 (1987); Meyers v. Delaney, 529 N.W.2d 288, 290 (Iowa 1995); Burke v. Briggs, 239 N.J.Super. 269 , 571 A.2d 296, 299-300 (1990) (adopting Sprecher ); Ivancic v. Olmstead, 66 N.Y.2d 349 , 488 N.E.2d 72, 73 , 497 N.Y.S.2d 326 , 54 A.L.R.4th 523 (1985); Nationwide Ins.

12000–2000
Parker v. Brown green
scotus · 1943
2 sentences

1996Parker v. Brown, 317 U.S. 341 , 63 S.Ct. 307 , 87 L.Ed. 315 (1943).

1996Parker v. Brown, 317 U.S. 341 , 63 S.Ct. 307 , 87 L.Ed. 315 (1943).

11996–1996
Otter Tail Power Co. v. United States green
scotus · 1973
2 sentences

1996The Court stated antitrust immunity by implication from a regulatory statute is strongly disfavored and only may be found where there is a "plain repugnancy between the antitrust and regulatory provisions.” Id. at 372 . 11 An analogous analysis is found in the federal courts’ state action exemption to federal antitrust law, which provides an exemption from federal antitrust laws for anti-competitive conduct that is regulated by the state or its subdivisions.

1996The Court stated antitrust immunity by implication from a regulatory statute is strongly disfavored and only may be found where there is a "plain repugnancy between the antitrust and regulatory provisions." Id. at 372 . [11] An analogous analysis is found in the federal courts' state action exemption to federal antitrust law, which *691 provides an exemption from federal antitrust laws for anticompetitive conduct that is regulated by the state or its subdivisions.

11996–1996
Bailey v. Town of Forks green
washctapp · 1984
2 sentences

1986An analogous claim was brought in Bailey v. Forks, 38 Wn.

1986An analogous claim was brought in Bailey v. Forks, 38 Wn.

11986–1986
Jendrusch v. Jendrusch green
hawapp · 1981
2 sentences

1985Jendrusch v. Jendrusch, 1 Hawaii App. 605 , 623 P.2d 893 , 897 n.4 (1981); Madden v. Madden, 44 Hawaii 442 , 355 P.2d 33 , *743 38 (1960); Chock v. Chock, 39 Hawaii 657, 658-59 (1953); see also 24 Am.

1985Jendrusch v. Jendrusch, 1 Hawaii App. 605 , 623 P.2d 893 , 897 n.4 (1981); Madden v. Madden, 44 Hawaii 442 , 355 P.2d 33 , *743 38 (1960); Chock v. Chock, 39 Hawaii 657, 658-59 (1953); see also 24 Am.

11985–1985
Madden v. Madden green
haw · 1960
2 sentences

1985Jendrusch v. Jendrusch, 1 Hawaii App. 605 , 623 P.2d 893 , 897 n.4 (1981); Madden v. Madden, 44 Hawaii 442 , 355 P.2d 33 , *743 38 (1960); Chock v. Chock, 39 Hawaii 657, 658-59 (1953); see also 24 Am.

1985Jendrusch v. Jendrusch, 1 Hawaii App. 605 , 623 P.2d 893 , 897 n.4 (1981); Madden v. Madden, 44 Hawaii 442 , 355 P.2d 33 , *743 38 (1960); Chock v. Chock, 39 Hawaii 657, 658-59 (1953); see also 24 Am.

11985–1985
Jackson v. Pennington neutral
washctapp · 1974
1 sentence

1980Thorsteinson v. Waters, 65 Wn.2d 739, 748 , 399 P.2d 510 (1965); Jackson v. Pennington, 11 Wn.

11980–1980
Thorsteinson v. Waters green
wash · 1965
2 sentences

1980Thorsteinson v. Waters, 65 Wn.2d 739, 748 , 399 P.2d 510 (1965); Jackson v. Pennington, 11 Wn.

1980Thorsteinson v. Waters, 65 Wn.2d 739, 748 , 399 P.2d 510 (1965); Jackson v. Pennington, 11 Wn.

11980–1980
State v. Schultz neutral
wash · 1927
2 sentences

1973This is not a case of refusal to consent to‘state representation by a legal intern under the analogous rule of State v. Schultz, 145 Wash. 644 , 261 P. 385 (1927), clarifying State v. Heaton, 21 Wash. 59 , 56 P. 843 (1899), both cases decided long prior to APR 9.

1973This is not a case of refusal to consent to‘state representation by a legal intern under the analogous rule of State v. Schultz, 145 Wash. 644 , 261 P. 385 (1927), clarifying State v. Heaton, 21 Wash. 59 , 56 P. 843 (1899), both cases decided long prior to APR 9.

11973–1973
State v. Heaton green
wash · 1899
11973–1973
McCready v. Virginia green
scotus · 1877
11971–1971
Hauenstein v. Lynham green
scotus · 1880
11971–1971
Lockhart v. Lockhart green
wash · 1927
11971–1971
Crosby v. Crosby green
va · 1944
11971–1971
Lozan v. Fraternal Order of Eagles, Aerie No. 3 neutral
wash · 1959
11967–1967

Where else courts name it

CA 104 (1913–2026) PA 42 (1838–2025) NY 32 (1857–2025) IA 27 (1865–2018) MA 22 (1961–2024) MI 21 (1860–2025) WA 21 (1950–2025) CT 19 (1903–2024) TX 19 (1877–2022) IL 17 (1881–2015) OR 16 (1922–2019) NJ 16 (1895–2024) CO 13 (1982–2026) FL 13 (1956–2013) KS 12 (1887–2009) TN 11 (1930–2025) AZ 11 (1979–2017) UT 11 (1983–2022) IN 10 (1973–2004) DE 10 (1970–2024) AK 10 (1985–2020) AL 8 (1900–2015) NC 8 (1862–2018) MD 8 (1954–2013) RI 8 (1903–2013) GA 7 (1903–1990) OH 7 (1944–2023) MO 7 (1859–2022) VT 6 (1887–2024) MN 6 (1940–2014) DC 6 (1995–2022) NV 6 (1944–2022) WI 5 (1991–2020) ND 5 (1900–2018) MS 5 (1977–2025) KY 5 (1917–2013) WV 5 (1952–1994) NM 5 (1974–2023) ID 4 (2009–2023) VA 4 (2003–2024) NE 4 (1936–2022) ME 4 (1940–2020) AR 4 (1965–2002) OK 4 (1929–1973) MT 4 (1910–2010) NH 3 (1980–2023) SD 3 (1930–2005) HI 3 (1995–2025) LA 2 (1988–2005) WY 2 (1972–2019) SC 2 (1922–1976)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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