fixed standard (New Jersey) · Go Syfert
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fixed standard in New Jersey

14 New Jersey opinions name it 3 courts 1936–2024 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New Jersey courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (7)

CaseFollowedCited
State v. Ercolanogreen
njsuperctappdiv · 2000 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024Linden, 251 N.J. at 428 (quoting State v. Ercolano, 335 N.J.

11
Jock v. Zoning Board of Adjustmentgreen
nj · 2005 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
2 sentences

2018"The doctrine of equitable ownership or equitable conversion is not a fixed rule but a fiction devised to achieve justice between the parties to a real estate transaction." Jock v. Zoning Bd. of Adjustment, 184 N.J. 562, 587 (2005).

2018"The doctrine rests on the principle that, as between parties to a contract, equity regards things as done that were agreed to be done." Id. at 588 .

11
State v. Millergreen
njsuperctappdiv · 2011 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
1 sentence

2011However, not even the decisions of our Supreme Court the dissent cites attempted to impose a fixed rule of procedure for every case. [9] *1066 The dissent also draws a distinction between indigent and financially able defendants, post at 83-85, 18 A. 3d at 1059-60, but nothing presented to us suggests that defendant in this case received inferior representation at trial because he required the services of the Public Defender's Office.

11
United States v. Wardgreen
scotus · 1980 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
2 sentences

2010Noting that the statute in question expressly declared itself to be "civil in nature," id. at 368 , 106 S.Ct. at 2992 , 92 L.Ed. 2d at 304 (quoting Ill.Rev.Stat., ch. 38, para. 105-3.01 (1985)), the Court fixed the standard that a challenger must meet: "Where a defendant has provided `the clearest proof' that `the statutory scheme [is] so punitive either in purpose or effect as to negate [the State's] intention' that the proceeding be civil, it must be considered criminal." Id. at 369 , 106 S.Ct. at 2992 , 92 L.Ed. 2d at 304 (quoting United States v. Ward, 448 U.S. 242, 248-49 , 100 S.Ct. 2636

2010Noting that the statute in question expressly declared itself to be "civil in nature," id. at 368 , 106 S.Ct. at 2992 , 92 L.Ed. 2d at 304 (quoting Ill.Rev.Stat., ch. 38, para. 105-3.01 (1985)), the Court fixed the standard that a challenger must meet: "Where a defendant has provided `the clearest proof' that `the statutory scheme [is] so punitive either in purpose or effect as to negate [the State's] intention' that the proceeding be civil, it must be considered criminal." Id. at 369 , 106 S.Ct. at 2992 , 92 L.Ed. 2d at 304 (quoting United States v. Ward, 448 U.S. 242, 248-49 , 100 S.Ct. 2636

11
Societe Nat. Ind. Aero. v. US Dist. Courtgreen
scotus · 1987 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992
2 sentences

1992No. 7444), is an international treaty, negotiated at the request of the United States, which prescribes methods for the gathering of evidence *114 in international disputes and is in force among numerous nations, including the United States and Germany (both countries with at least a potential interest in the present litigation). [2] The Supreme Court of the United States, in Societe Nationale Industrielle Aerospatiale v. United States District Court, 482 U.S. 522 , 540, 542, 107 S.Ct. 2542, 2554-56 , 96 L.Ed. 2d 461, 481, 482-83 (1987) (hereinafter "Aerospatiale" ), declined to hold that the

1992No. 7444), is an international treaty, negotiated at the request of the United States, which prescribes methods for the gathering of evidence *114 in international disputes and is in force among numerous nations, including the United States and Germany (both countries with at least a potential interest in the present litigation). [2] The Supreme Court of the United States, in Societe Nationale Industrielle Aerospatiale v. United States District Court, 482 U.S. 522 , 540, 542, 107 S.Ct. 2542, 2554-56 , 96 L.Ed. 2d 461, 481, 482-83 (1987) (hereinafter "Aerospatiale" ), declined to hold that the

11
Harsen v. Bd. of Ed. of West Milford Tp.green
njsuperctappdiv · 1975 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1977–1977
1 sentence

1977Bd. of Ed., 132 N.J.

11
Bachman Chocolate Manufacturing Co. v. Lehigh Warehouse & Transportation Co.green
nj · 1949 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1977–1977
1 sentence

1977Co., 1 N.J. 239, 244 (1949) (interest is allowed "where the damages are readily ascertainable" by computation using a fixed standard); Harsen v. West Milford Tp.

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New Jersey. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (8)

CaseCitedYears
City of Norfolk v. Virginia Electric & Power Co. green
va · 1955
2 sentences

1978The rationale for this position is outlined in the leading case of City of Norfolk v. Virginia Elec. & Power Co., 197 Va. 505 , 90 S. E. 2d 140 (1955), where the court likened an automatic pass-through clause to a mathematical formula which was an integral part of the utility’s rates: The proposed escalator clause is nothing more or less than a fixed rule under which future rates to be charged the public are determined.

1978The rationale for this position is outlined in the leading case of City of Norfolk v. Virginia Elec. & Power Co., 197 Va. 505 , 90 S. E. 2d 140 (1955), where the court likened an automatic pass-through clause to a mathematical formula which was an integral part of the utility’s rates: The proposed escalator clause is nothing more or less than a fixed rule under which future rates to be charged the public are determined.

21978–1978
Kleaver v. Jacobs neutral
njch · 1929
2 sentences

1938The manifestation of that intent may appear in the gift over as well as elsewhere.' Kleaver v. Jacobs, 104 N.J.

1936The manifestation of that intent may appear in the gift over as well as elsewhere." Kleaver v. Jacobs, 104 N.J.

21936–1938
Allen v. Illinois green
scotus · 1986
2 sentences

2010Noting that the statute in question expressly declared itself to be "civil in nature," id. at 368 , 106 S.Ct. at 2992 , 92 L.Ed. 2d at 304 (quoting Ill.Rev.Stat., ch. 38, para. 105-3.01 (1985)), the Court fixed the standard that a challenger must meet: "Where a defendant has provided `the clearest proof' that `the statutory scheme [is] so punitive either in purpose or effect as to negate [the State's] intention' that the proceeding be civil, it must be considered criminal." Id. at 369 , 106 S.Ct. at 2992 , 92 L.Ed. 2d at 304 (quoting United States v. Ward, 448 U.S. 242, 248-49 , 100 S.Ct. 2636

2010Noting that the statute in question expressly declared itself to be "civil in nature," id. at 368 , 106 S.Ct. at 2992 , 92 L.Ed. 2d at 304 (quoting Ill.Rev.Stat., ch. 38, para. 105-3.01 (1985)), the Court fixed the standard that a challenger must meet: "Where a defendant has provided `the clearest proof' that `the statutory scheme [is] so punitive either in purpose or effect as to negate [the State's] intention' that the proceeding be civil, it must be considered criminal." Id. at 369 , 106 S.Ct. at 2992 , 92 L.Ed. 2d at 304 (quoting United States v. Ward, 448 U.S. 242, 248-49 , 100 S.Ct. 2636

12010–2010
Bates v. Gambino green
nj · 1977
2 sentences

1998For purposes of our analysis, we assume that Matlack’s failure to recognize that his client’s landlord could be a “named insured” established his failure to meet a “general level of competence.” See Bates v. Gambino, 72 N.J. 219, 225 , 370 A.2d 10 (1977) (it is a principle of negligence law that “there exists a fixed standard of conduct irrespective of the actual conduct of others”).

1998For purposes of our analysis, we assume that Matlack’s failure to recognize that his client’s landlord could be a “named insured” established his failure to meet a “general level of competence.” See Bates v. Gambino, 72 N.J. 219, 225 , 370 A.2d 10 (1977) (it is a principle of negligence law that “there exists a fixed standard of conduct irrespective of the actual conduct of others”).

11998–1998
Government of the Virgin Islands v. Dowling, Reuben. Appeal of Reuben Dowling green
ca3 · 1987
2 sentences

1988While the further questioning of any juror who indicates exposure must be conducted individually, infra at 86-87 & n. 27, we do not adopt here a fixed rule regarding the court's initial interrogation, see Virgin Islands v. Dowling, supra, 814 F. 2d at 137-38 ; United States v. Perrotta, supra, 553 F. 2d at 250 n. 6, since each case will arise in a different factual context.

1988While the further questioning of any juror who indicates exposure must be conducted individually, infra at 86-87 & n. 27, we do not adopt here a fixed rule regarding the court’s initial interrogation, see Virgin Islands v. Dowling, supra, 814 F.2d at 137-38 ; United States v. Perrotta, supra, 553 F.2d at 250 n. 6, since each case will arise in a different factual context.

11988–1988
United States v. Pasquale Perrotta, United States of America v. William Agnos green
ca1 · 1977
2 sentences

1988While the further questioning of any juror who indicates exposure must be conducted individually, infra at 86-87 & n. 27, we do not adopt here a fixed rule regarding the court's initial interrogation, see Virgin Islands v. Dowling, supra, 814 F. 2d at 137-38 ; United States v. Perrotta, supra, 553 F. 2d at 250 n. 6, since each case will arise in a different factual context.

1988While the further questioning of any juror who indicates exposure must be conducted individually, infra at 86-87 & n. 27, we do not adopt here a fixed rule regarding the court’s initial interrogation, see Virgin Islands v. Dowling, supra, 814 F.2d at 137-38 ; United States v. Perrotta, supra, 553 F.2d at 250 n. 6, since each case will arise in a different factual context.

11988–1988
State v. Bolitho green
nj · 1927
1 sentence

1953From that rule, which was the fixed rule for over 70 years, State v. Bolitho, supra , is drawn the rule obtaining today.

11953–1953
Trafton v. Bainbridge green
nj · 1939
1 sentence

1945The manifestation of that intent may appear in the gift over as well as elsewhere.' (Citing authorities.) * * * The cases rest upon the principle that the uncontrolled power of disposition in the first taker necessarily implies absolute ownership and that the limitation over is void as totally inconsistent with the rights of the first legatee. * * *" In Trafton v. Bainbridge, 125 N.J.

11945–1945

Where else courts name it

WA 82 (1921–2026) CA 50 (1870–2025) TX 44 (1898–2024) MO 44 (1877–2020) IL 38 (1887–2024) NY 34 (1875–2012) PA 30 (1891–2017) KY 30 (1885–2026) LA 23 (1920–2019) AL 21 (1870–2010) GA 18 (1915–2024) OK 18 (1926–2016) MI 15 (1912–2021) NJ 14 (1936–2024) NC 14 (1918–2021) OR 13 (1939–1976) IN 11 (1899–2005) WV 11 (1886–1985) OH 11 (1943–2011) CT 10 (1916–2016) IA 10 (1878–2023) MN 10 (1901–2002) MA 9 (1888–2013) CO 9 (1903–1995) AR 8 (1860–2007) MD 8 (1905–2010) RI 8 (1979–2009) TN 7 (1917–2025) WY 7 (1965–1991) FL 7 (1908–2020) WI 6 (1895–1982) ID 6 (1947–2012) VA 6 (1935–2014) SC 6 (1912–2006) HI 6 (1866–1996) NM 6 (1946–2016) KS 4 (1917–1995) AZ 4 (1960–2004) ND 3 (1952–2002) SD 3 (1909–1993) NV 2 (1870–1924) NH 2 (1984–1991) DE 2 (1945–2020) MS 2 (1911–1914)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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