rejection claim (New York) · Go Syfert
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rejection claim in New York

79 New York opinions name it 5 courts 1879–2020 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New York courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (16)

CaseFollowedCited
People v. Bleakleygreen
ny · 1987 · cited in 4 New York opinions naming this issue, 1990–2014
2 sentences

2014Where, as here, a different verdict would not have been unreasonable, we must, like the trier of fact below, "weigh conflicting testimony, review any rational inferences that may be drawn from the evidence and evaluate the strength of such conclusions" (People v Danielson, 9 NY3d 342, 348 [2007]; see People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495 [1987]; 1 Defendant also maintained that his actions were justified (see Penal Law § 35.15); the jury's rejection of this defense is not challenged upon appeal. 2 County Court, in its discretion, submitted only one of the two counts of criminal possession of a w

2011The jury was entitled to discredit defendant’s self-serving statements that he was coerced into committing the crimes of which he was convicted (see People v McKinnon, 78 AD3d 864 [2010], lv denied 16 NY3d 744 [2011]) and, viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crimes as charged to the jury (see People v Danielson, 9 NY3d 342, 349 [2007]), we conclude that the jury’s rejection of that defense is not against the weight of the evidence (see id.; People v Zilberman, 297 AD2d 517, 518 [2002], lv denied 99 NY2d 566 [2002]; see generally People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495 [1987]).

44
People v. Danielsongreen
ny · 2007 · cited in 4 New York opinions naming this issue, 2011–2020
2 sentences

2014Where, as here, a different verdict would not have been unreasonable, we must, like the trier of fact below, "weigh conflicting testimony, review any rational inferences that may be drawn from the evidence and evaluate the strength of such conclusions" (People v Danielson, 9 NY3d 342, 348 [2007]; see People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495 [1987]; 1 Defendant also maintained that his actions were justified (see Penal Law § 35.15); the jury's rejection of this defense is not challenged upon appeal. 2 County Court, in its discretion, submitted only one of the two counts of criminal possession of a w

2011The jury was entitled to discredit defendant’s self-serving statements that he was coerced into committing the crimes of which he was convicted (see People v McKinnon, 78 AD3d 864 [2010], lv denied 16 NY3d 744 [2011]) and, viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crimes as charged to the jury (see People v Danielson, 9 NY3d 342, 349 [2007]), we conclude that the jury’s rejection of that defense is not against the weight of the evidence (see id.; People v Zilberman, 297 AD2d 517, 518 [2002], lv denied 99 NY2d 566 [2002]; see generally People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495 [1987]).

34
People v. Gabrielgreen
nyappdiv · 1997 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014Here, for this Court to reach this conclusion as a matter of law—in effect, rejecting the opinion of defendant’s expert as unworthy of belief—usurps the jury’s prerogative to determine whether, in its discretion, the defense of extreme emotional disturbance is applicable (see People v Gabriel, 241 AD2d 835, 836 [1997], lv denied 91 NY2d 892 [1998]).

2014Here, for this Court to reach this conclusion as a matter of law—in effect, rejecting the opinion of defendant’s expert as unworthy of belief—usurps the jury’s prerogative to determine whether, in its discretion, the defense of extreme emotional disturbance is applicable (see People v Gabriel, 241 AD2d 835, 836 [1997], lv denied 91 NY2d 892 [1998]).

22
People v. Cassgreen
ny · 2012 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
2 sentences

2013The absence of additional timely and specific objections did not deprive defendant of the effective assistance of counsel (compare People v Cass, 18 NY3d 553, 564 [2012], with People v Fisher, 18 NY3d 964 [2012]).

2013The absence of additional timely and specific objections did not deprive defendant of the effective assistance of counsel (compare People v Cass, 18 NY3d 553, 564 [2012], with People v Fisher, 18 NY3d 964 [2012]).

22
Kazolias v. Poughkeepsie Blouse Co.green
nyappdiv · 1954 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 1960–2017
2 sentences

2017SCPA 1810 states, inter alia, that “[njothing in this article shall prevent a claimant from commencing an action on his claim at law or in equity, provided that where a claim has been presented and rejected or deemed rejected pursuant to 1806 in whole or in part the action must be commenced within 60 days after such rejection.” If, after presenting a valid claim to the fiduciary of the estate pursuant to SCPA 1803, the claimant fails to commence an action in the Supreme Court within 60 days of the rejection of that claim, the claimant must proceed in the Surrogate’s Court (see Braloff v Greenb

2017Although the estate has raised the applicability of SCPA 1810 for the first time on appeal, it correctly contends that SCPA 1810 imposes a limitation on the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court (see Braloff v Greenberg, 284 App Div at 1054; Arkport State Bank v Nutter, 278 App Div 538, 542 [1951]; Matter of Barclay, 266 App Div 1059 , 1060 [1943]; see also C.

12
People v. Zilbermangreen
nyappdiv · 2002 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
2 sentences

2011The jury was entitled to discredit defendant’s self-serving statements that he was coerced into committing the crimes of which he was convicted (see People v McKinnon, 78 AD3d 864 , lv denied 16 NY3d 744 ) and, viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crimes as charged to the jury (see People v Danielson, 9 NY3d 342, 349 ), we conclude that the jury’s rejection of that defense is not against the weight of the evidence (see id.; People v Zilberman, 297 AD2d 517, 518 , lv denied 99 NY2d 566 ; see generally People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495 ).

2011The jury was entitled to discredit defendant’s self-serving statements that he was coerced into committing the crimes of which he was convicted (see People v McKinnon, 78 AD3d 864 [2010], lv denied 16 NY3d 744 [2011]) and, viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crimes as charged to the jury (see People v Danielson, 9 NY3d 342, 349 [2007]), we conclude that the jury’s rejection of that defense is not against the weight of the evidence (see id.; People v Zilberman, 297 AD2d 517, 518 [2002], lv denied 99 NY2d 566 [2002]; see generally People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495 [1987]).

12
People v. Woodgreen
ny · 1962 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 1987–1992
2 sentences

1992Although the four experts agreed that defendant was mentally ill, mental illness and legal insanity are distinct concepts (see, People v Wood, supra, at 77; People v Gonzalez, 100 AD2d 913 ).

1987We discern no basis for disturbing the jury’s rejection of the defense of temporary insanity in light of the eyewitness and expert testimony adduced by the prosecution (see, e.g., People v Wood, 12 NY2d 69 ).

12
Arkport State Bank v. Nuttergreen
nyappdiv · 1951 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
1 sentence

2017Although the estate has raised the applicability of SCPA 1810 for the first time on appeal, it correctly contends that SCPA 1810 imposes a limitation on the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court (see Braloff v Greenberg, 284 App Div at 1054; Arkport State Bank v Nutter, 278 App Div 538, 542 [1951]; Matter of Barclay, 266 App Div 1059 , 1060 [1943]; see also C.

11
People v. Hendriegreen
nyappdiv · 2005 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014Where, as here, a different verdict would not have been unreasonable, we must, like the trier of fact below, "weigh conflicting testimony, review any rational inferences that may be drawn from the evidence and evaluate the strength of such conclusions" (People v Danielson, 9 NY3d 342, 348 [2007]; see People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495 [1987]; 1 Defendant also maintained that his actions were justified (see Penal Law § 35.15); the jury's rejection of this defense is not challenged upon appeal. 2 County Court, in its discretion, submitted only one of the two counts of criminal possession of a w

11
People v. Gonzalezgreen
ny · 2014 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014The affirmative defense of extreme emotional disturbance – which a defendant must establish by a preponderance of the evidence (see Penal Law §§ 25.00 [2]; 125.25 [1] [a]) – permits "a defendant charged with murder in the second degree to demonstrate the existence of mitigating factors which indicate that, although he [or she] is not free from responsibility for his [or her] crime, he [or she] ought to be punished less severely by reducing the crime to manslaughter in the first degree" (People v Hoke, 276 AD2d 903 , 903 [2000], lv denied 96 NY2d 801 [2001]; see People v Gonzalez, 22 NY3d 539,

11
People v. Casassagreen
ny · 1980 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014The affirmative defense of extreme emotional disturbance – which a defendant must establish by a preponderance of the evidence (see Penal Law §§ 25.00 [2]; 125.25 [1] [a]) – permits "a defendant charged with murder in the second degree to demonstrate the existence of mitigating factors which indicate that, although he [or she] is not free from responsibility for his [or her] crime, he [or she] ought to be punished less severely by reducing the crime to manslaughter in the first degree" (People v Hoke, 276 AD2d 903 , 903 [2000], lv denied 96 NY2d 801 [2001]; see People v Gonzalez, 22 NY3d 539,

11
People v. Torresgreen
nyappdiv · 1989 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
1 sentence

2009Because this evidence contradicted defendant’s justification defense, and it was for the jury to assess the credibility of the People’s witnesses, we conclude that the jury’s rejection of that defense is supported by legally sufficient evidence and is not against the weight of the evidence (see People v Gilliam, 300 AD2d 701, 702 [2002], lv denied 99 NY2d 628 [2003]; People v Reeder, 209 AD2d 551 , 551-552 [1994], lv denied 85 NY2d 913 [1995]; People v Troche, 147 AD2d 513, 514 [1989], lv denied 73 NY2d 1022 [1989]).

11
People v. Gilliamgreen
nyappdiv · 2002 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
1 sentence

2009Because this evidence contradicted defendant’s justification defense, and it was for the jury to assess the credibility of the People’s witnesses, we conclude that the jury’s rejection of that defense is supported by legally sufficient evidence and is not against the weight of the evidence (see People v Gilliam, 300 AD2d 701, 702 [2002], lv denied 99 NY2d 628 [2003]; People v Reeder, 209 AD2d 551 , 551-552 [1994], lv denied 85 NY2d 913 [1995]; People v Troche, 147 AD2d 513, 514 [1989], lv denied 73 NY2d 1022 [1989]).

11
Lyke v. Andersongreen
nyappdiv · 1989 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
People v. Jeffersongreen
nyappdiv · 1998 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11
Bikowicz v. Nedco Pharmacy, Inc.green
nyappdiv · 1984 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 1986–1986
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New York. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (64)

CaseCitedYears
In re the Accounting of Humbert neutral
nyappdiv · 1943
2 sentences

1965Under the prior practice where a claimant was not advised of the rejection of his claim until the commencement of the accounting proceeding, he could thereupon and pending the disposition of such accounting bring an action on the claim in the Supreme Court, which would deprive this court of jurisdiction with regard thereto (Matter of Barclay, 266 App. Div. 1059 , 1060; Moore v. Humbert, 268 App. Div. 813, 814 ).

1951(Surrogate’s Ct. Act, § 211; Matter of Barclay, 266 App. Div. 1059 ; Moore v. Humbert, 268 App. Div. 813 .) It is our opinion that there was insufficient proof of the rejection of the claim sued upon and that the notation on the supplemental citation did not amount to an unequivocal rejection of the claim for $517 and interest which was presented to the executrix.

31951–2017
People v. Banks green
ny · 1990
2 sentences

2005There was ample evidence warranting the jury’s rejection of the defense of temporary lawful possession (see People v Banks, 76 NY2d 799 [1990]; People v Williams, 50 NY2d 1043 [1980]).

1997There was ample evidence, including defendant’s attempt to secrete the loaded pistol in his waistband and admitted intent to take the weapon home, warranting the jury’s rejection of the defense of temporary, lawful possession (see, People v Banks, 76 NY2d 799 ).

31997–2005
In Re the Estate of Callahan neutral
ny · 1897
2 sentences

1902The claim of the respondent that the failure of the administratrix to give notice of the rejection of the claim for a considerable time after its presentation constituted an acceptance of the claim; by which she is foreclosed, seems to be answered in Matter of Callahan ( 152 N. Y. 320 ).

1902The claim of the respondent that the failure of the administratrix to give notice of the rejection of the claim for a considerable time after its presentation constituted an acceptance of the claim, by which she is foreclosed, seems to be answered in Re Callahan’s Estate, reported in 152 N Y., at page 320, 46 N. E. 486 .

31902–1936
People v. Patterelli green
nyappdiv · 2009
2 sentences

2014Our task on this appeal is not to engage in weighing the evidence, but is limited instead to determining whether the evidence controverting the extreme emotional disturbance defense is so overwhelming that there is no reasonable possibility that the constitutional error affected the jury’s rejection of that defense (see People v Patterelli, 68 AD3d at 1154-1155 ).

2014Our task on this appeal is not to engage in weighing the evidence, but is limited instead to determining whether the evidence controverting the extreme emotional disturbance defense is so overwhelming that there is no reasonable possibility that the constitutional error affected the jury’s rejection of that defense (see People v Patterelli, 68 AD3d at 1154-1155 ).

22014–2014
People v. Sedunova green
nyappdiv · 2011
2 sentences

2013Moreover, upon our independent review of the evidence pursuant to CEL 470.15 (5), we are satisfied that the jury’s rejection of that defense was not against the weight of the evidence (see People v Romero, 7 NY3d 633 [2006]; People v Sedunova, 83 AD3d at 967 ).

2013Moreover, upon our independent review of the evidence pursuant to CEL 470.15 (5), we are satisfied that the jury’s rejection of that defense was not against the weight of the evidence (see People v Romero, 7 NY3d 633 [2006]; People v Sedunova, 83 AD3d at 967 ).

22013–2013
People v. Romero green
ny · 2006
2 sentences

2013Moreover, upon our independent review of the evidence pursuant to CEL 470.15 (5), we are satisfied that the jury’s rejection of that defense was not against the weight of the evidence (see People v Romero, 7 NY3d 633 [2006]; People v Sedunova, 83 AD3d at 967 ).

2013Moreover, upon our independent review of the evidence pursuant to CEL 470.15 (5), we are satisfied that the jury’s rejection of that defense was not against the weight of the evidence (see People v Romero, 7 NY3d 633 [2006]; People v Sedunova, 83 AD3d at 967 ).

22013–2013
People v. Fisher green
ny · 2012
2 sentences

2013The absence of additional timely and specific objections did not deprive defendant of the effective assistance of counsel (compare People v Cass, 18 NY3d 553, 564 [2012], with People v Fisher, 18 NY3d 964 [2012]).

2013The absence of additional timely and specific objections did not deprive defendant of the effective assistance of counsel (compare People v Cass, 18 NY3d 553, 564 [2012], with People v Fisher, 18 NY3d 964 [2012]).

22013–2013
People v. McKinnon green
nyappdiv · 2010
2 sentences

2011The jury was entitled to discredit defendant’s self-serving statements that he was coerced into committing the crimes of which he was convicted (see People v McKinnon, 78 AD3d 864 , lv denied 16 NY3d 744 ) and, viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crimes as charged to the jury (see People v Danielson, 9 NY3d 342, 349 ), we conclude that the jury’s rejection of that defense is not against the weight of the evidence (see id.; People v Zilberman, 297 AD2d 517, 518 , lv denied 99 NY2d 566 ; see generally People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495 ).

2011The jury was entitled to discredit defendant’s self-serving statements that he was coerced into committing the crimes of which he was convicted (see People v McKinnon, 78 AD3d 864 [2010], lv denied 16 NY3d 744 [2011]) and, viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crimes as charged to the jury (see People v Danielson, 9 NY3d 342, 349 [2007]), we conclude that the jury’s rejection of that defense is not against the weight of the evidence (see id.; People v Zilberman, 297 AD2d 517, 518 [2002], lv denied 99 NY2d 566 [2002]; see generally People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495 [1987]).

22011–2011
Alomari v. Pietruszka green
ny · 2003
2 sentences

2011The jury was entitled to discredit defendant’s self-serving statements that he was coerced into committing the crimes of which he was convicted (see People v McKinnon, 78 AD3d 864 , lv denied 16 NY3d 744 ) and, viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crimes as charged to the jury (see People v Danielson, 9 NY3d 342, 349 ), we conclude that the jury’s rejection of that defense is not against the weight of the evidence (see id.; People v Zilberman, 297 AD2d 517, 518 , lv denied 99 NY2d 566 ; see generally People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495 ).

2011The jury was entitled to discredit defendant’s self-serving statements that he was coerced into committing the crimes of which he was convicted (see People v McKinnon, 78 AD3d 864 [2010], lv denied 16 NY3d 744 [2011]) and, viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crimes as charged to the jury (see People v Danielson, 9 NY3d 342, 349 [2007]), we conclude that the jury’s rejection of that defense is not against the weight of the evidence (see id.; People v Zilberman, 297 AD2d 517, 518 [2002], lv denied 99 NY2d 566 [2002]; see generally People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495 [1987]).

22011–2011
People v. Mascale neutral
nyappdiv · 1986
2 sentences

1987Under such circumstance the jury’s rejection of the defense of justification had a rational basis and should not be disturbed (see, People v Maldonado, 121 AD2d 400 ).

1986The evidence supports the jury’s rejection of the defense of justification (see, People v Maldonado, 121 AD2d 400 ).

21986–1987
In re the Accounting of National Chautauqua County Bank neutral
nyappdiv · 1944
2 sentences

1965Under the prior practice where a claimant was not advised of the rejection of his claim until the commencement of the accounting proceeding, he could thereupon and pending the disposition of such accounting bring an action on the claim in the Supreme Court, which would deprive this court of jurisdiction with regard thereto (Matter of Barclay, 266 App. Div. 1059 , 1060; Moore v. Humbert, 268 App. Div. 813, 814 ).

1951(Surrogate’s Ct. Act, § 211; Matter of Barclay, 266 App. Div. 1059 ; Moore v. Humbert, 268 App. Div. 813 .) It is our opinion that there was insufficient proof of the rejection of the claim sued upon and that the notation on the supplemental citation did not amount to an unequivocal rejection of the claim for $517 and interest which was presented to the executrix.

21951–1965
People v. Franklin green
ny · 2006
1 sentence

2014Where, as here, a different verdict would not have been unreasonable, we must, like the trier of fact below, "weigh conflicting testimony, review any rational inferences that may be drawn from the evidence and evaluate the strength of such conclusions" (People v Danielson, 9 NY3d 342, 348 [2007]; see People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495 [1987]; 1 Defendant also maintained that his actions were justified (see Penal Law § 35.15); the jury's rejection of this defense is not challenged upon appeal. 2 County Court, in its discretion, submitted only one of the two counts of criminal possession of a w

12014–2014
Allen v. Alabama green
scotus · 1980
1 sentence

2014The affirmative defense of extreme emotional disturbance – which a defendant must establish by a preponderance of the evidence (see Penal Law §§ 25.00 [2]; 125.25 [1] [a]) – permits "a defendant charged with murder in the second degree to demonstrate the existence of mitigating factors which indicate that, although he [or she] is not free from responsibility for his [or her] crime, he [or she] ought to be punished less severely by reducing the crime to manslaughter in the first degree" (People v Hoke, 276 AD2d 903 , 903 [2000], lv denied 96 NY2d 801 [2001]; see People v Gonzalez, 22 NY3d 539,

12014–2014
People v. Hoke green
nyappdiv · 2000
1 sentence

2014The affirmative defense of extreme emotional disturbance – which a defendant must establish by a preponderance of the evidence (see Penal Law §§ 25.00 [2]; 125.25 [1] [a]) – permits "a defendant charged with murder in the second degree to demonstrate the existence of mitigating factors which indicate that, although he [or she] is not free from responsibility for his [or her] crime, he [or she] ought to be punished less severely by reducing the crime to manslaughter in the first degree" (People v Hoke, 276 AD2d 903 , 903 [2000], lv denied 96 NY2d 801 [2001]; see People v Gonzalez, 22 NY3d 539,

12014–2014
People v. Chase green
nyappdiv · 2002
1 sentence

2014Where, as here, a different verdict would not have been unreasonable, we must, like the trier of fact below, "weigh conflicting testimony, review any rational inferences that may be drawn from the evidence and evaluate the strength of such conclusions" (People v Danielson, 9 NY3d 342, 348 [2007]; see People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495 [1987]; 1 Defendant also maintained that his actions were justified (see Penal Law § 35.15); the jury's rejection of this defense is not challenged upon appeal. 2 County Court, in its discretion, submitted only one of the two counts of criminal possession of a w

12014–2014
People v. Reeder green
nyappdiv · 1994
1 sentence

2009Because this evidence contradicted defendant’s justification defense, and it was for the jury to assess the credibility of the People’s witnesses, we conclude that the jury’s rejection of that defense is supported by legally sufficient evidence and is not against the weight of the evidence (see People v Gilliam, 300 AD2d 701, 702 [2002], lv denied 99 NY2d 628 [2003]; People v Reeder, 209 AD2d 551 , 551-552 [1994], lv denied 85 NY2d 913 [1995]; People v Troche, 147 AD2d 513, 514 [1989], lv denied 73 NY2d 1022 [1989]).

12009–2009
Scott v. State neutral
nyappdiv · 2007
1 sentence

2008In any event, this very same argument was made to, and rejected by, the Appellate Division in Scott v State of New York ( 46 AD3d 664 [2007]), which affirmed the denial of the defendant’s motion to dismiss the claim “[s]ince the defendant failed to comply with the provisions of CPLR 3022 for rejecting an unverified claim” (see brief for appellant State of New York, 2007 WL 4701327 [2007]).

12008–2008
People v. Williams green
ny · 1980
12005–2005
Defreestville Area Neighborhood Ass'n v. Planning Board green
nyappdiv · 2005
12005–2005
People v. Rayam green
ny · 2000
12001–2001
People v. Reyes green
nyappdiv · 2000
12001–2001
People v. Black green
nyappdiv · 1998
11999–1999
People v. O'Brien green
ny · 1982
11999–1999
People v. Acosta green
ny · 1993
11998–1998
People v. Rison neutral
nyappdiv · 1989
11998–1998
People v. Justice green
nyappdiv · 1991
11998–1998
People v. Moss green
nyappdiv · 1992
11998–1998
People v. Klumbach green
nyappdiv · 1994
11998–1998
People v. Moore neutral
nyappdiv · 1998
11998–1998
People v. Reynoso green
ny · 1988
11996–1996
People v. Young neutral
nyappdiv · 1994
11996–1996
People v. Drake green
nyappdiv · 1995
11996–1996
People v. Miranda green
nyappdiv · 1995
11996–1996
People v. Thompson green
nyappdiv · 1996
11996–1996
People v. Gonzalez neutral
nyappdiv · 1984
11992–1992
People v. Tisdale green
nyappdiv · 1985
11990–1990
White v. . Rintoul green
ny · 1888
11987–1987
Hull v. Feinberg green
nyappdiv · 1985
11987–1987
Mallory v. . Gillett green
· 1860
11987–1987
Richardson Press v. . Albright green
ny · 1918
11987–1987

Statutes the citing opinions construe

NY § N.Y. Penal Law § 25.00 (3) NY § N.Y. Penal Law § 35.15 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 186 (1875–2026) CA 103 (1870–2026) NY 79 (1879–2020) LA 59 (1857–2023) PA 33 (1925–2023) WA 25 (1906–2017) NJ 21 (1950–2026) OH 20 (1918–2024) OR 18 (1892–2004) CT 18 (1982–2019) IL 17 (1894–2022) TN 16 (2004–2020) MD 15 (1888–2024) MO 14 (1917–2016) FL 14 (1977–2013) AZ 13 (1925–2013) MA 13 (1831–2024) MS 12 (1884–2022) VA 11 (1950–2014) DC 10 (1979–2022) MI 9 (1878–2019) CO 9 (1977–2025) UT 9 (1923–2023) IN 9 (1891–2020) AL 8 (1847–2008) MT 8 (1920–2002) NM 7 (1936–2014) KY 7 (1964–2000) AK 6 (1977–2010) IA 6 (1971–2020) AR 5 (1974–2007) KS 5 (1924–2021) HI 5 (1961–2022) WV 5 (1914–1990) ID 4 (1925–1974) GA 4 (1885–2024) VI 4 (2011–2023) SD 4 (1906–2010) OK 4 (1915–2020) NV 4 (1955–2021) NE 3 (1896–2016) MN 3 (1883–2008) NC 2 (1989–2004) ME 2 (1861–1994) WY 2 (1987–2015)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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