Hill instruction (Illinois) · Go Syfert
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Hill instruction in Illinois

10 Illinois opinions name it 2 courts 1985–2025 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Illinois courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (2)

CaseFollowedCited
People v. Makielgreen
illappct · 1994 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021Cf. People v. Makiel, 263 Ill.

2021Cf. People v. Makiel, 263 Ill.

22
People v. Mooregreen
illappct · 2005 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025See Moore, 356 Ill.

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Illinois. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (10)

CaseCitedYears
Jae Lee v. United States green
scotus · 2017
2 sentences

2018After all, the Hill inquiry "focuses on a defendant's decisionmaking, which may not turn solely on the likelihood of conviction after trial." Id. at ----, 137 S.Ct. at 1966 .

2018After all, the Hill inquiry "focuses on a defendant's decisionmaking, which may not turn solely on the likelihood of conviction after trial." Id. at ----, 137 S.Ct. at 1966 .

32017–2018
People v. Hill green
ill · 2020
1 sentence

2023Hill, 2020 IL 124595, ¶ 15 .

12023–2023
Adcock v. Brakegate, Ltd. green
ill · 1994
1 sentence

2020An inference that the GLAA “either explicitly or implicitly” (Adcock, 164 Ill. 2d at 64 ) agreed to do its part to further those objectives—perhaps through the understood offer of future employment—is wholly justifiable.

12020–2020
Hill v. Lockhart green
scotus · 1985
2 sentences

2017Reaffirming the Hill standard for guilty-plea cases, the Court explained that "when a defendant claims that his counsel's deficient performance deprived him of a trial by causing him to accept a plea, the defendant can show prejudice by demonstrating a 'reasonable probability that, but for counsel's errors, he would not have pleaded guilty and would have insisted on going to trial.' " Lee , 582 U.S. at ----, 137 S.Ct. at 1965 (quoting Hill , 474 U.S. at 59 , 106 S.Ct. 366 ). ¶ 34 Especially relevant to this case, Lee distinguished an ineffective assistance claim involving a matter of trial str

2017Reaffirming the Hill standard for guilty-plea cases, the Court explained that "when a defendant claims that his counsel's deficient performance deprived him of a trial by causing him to accept a plea, the defendant can show prejudice by demonstrating a 'reasonable probability that, but for counsel's errors, he would not have pleaded guilty and would have insisted on going to trial.' " Lee , 582 U.S. at ----, 137 S.Ct. at 1965 (quoting Hill , 474 U.S. at 59 , 106 S.Ct. 366 ). ¶ 34 Especially relevant to this case, Lee distinguished an ineffective assistance claim involving a matter of trial str

12017–2017
People v. Jackson green
ill · 2002
2 sentences

2002For the reasons set forth in my dissenting opinion in People v. Jackson, 199 Ill. 2d 286 (2002), Hill’s plea of guilty does not foreclose him raising that issue.

2002For the reasons set forth in my dissenting opinion in People v. Jackson, 199 Ill.2d 286 , 263 Ill.Dec. 819 , 769 N.E.2d 21 (2002), Hill's plea of guilty does not foreclose him raising that issue.

12002–2002
Francis v. Franklin green
scotus · 1985
2 sentences

1985The words “may infer” in the instruction are not “cast in the language of command,” as was the improper instruction on a permissive presumption in Francis v. Franklin (1985), 471 U.S._, 85 L.

1985The words “may infer” in the instruction are not “cast in the language of command,” as was the improper instruction on a permissive presumption in Francis v. Franklin (1985), 471 U.S._, 85 L.

11985–1985
The People v. Hill green
ill · 1968
2 sentences

1985As it was phrased here, it stated: “If the jury finds that a defendant voluntarily attached himself to a group bent on illegal acts with knowledge of its design, then the jury may infer that he shared a common purpose with that group.” As the name given the instruction implies, it had its origin in the case of People v. Hill (1968), 39 Ill. 2d 125 , 233 N.E.2d 367 , where the court held that the giving of the instruction was proper there even though the jury had also been given an instruction defining accountability in the language of the statute.

1985As it was phrased here, it stated: “If the jury finds that a defendant voluntarily attached himself to a group bent on illegal acts with knowledge of its design, then the jury may infer that he shared a common purpose with that group.” As the name given the instruction implies, it had its origin in the case of People v. Hill (1968), 39 Ill. 2d 125 , 233 N.E.2d 367 , where the court held that the giving of the instruction was proper there even though the jury had also been given an instruction defining accountability in the language of the statute.

11985–1985
The People v. Rybka green
ill · 1959
2 sentences

1985In People v. Ruiz (1982), 94 Ill. 2d 245 , 447 N.E.2d 148 , the supreme court approved the existence of the Hill inference, citing language from People v. Rybka (1959), 16 Ill. 2d 394, 405 , 158 N.E.2d 17, 22 , upon which the Hill instruction was framed.

1985In People v. Ruiz (1982), 94 Ill. 2d 245 , 447 N.E.2d 148 , the supreme court approved the existence of the Hill inference, citing language from People v. Rybka (1959), 16 Ill. 2d 394, 405 , 158 N.E.2d 17, 22 , upon which the Hill instruction was framed.

11985–1985
People v. Ruiz green
ill · 1982
2 sentences

1985In People v. Ruiz (1982), 94 Ill. 2d 245 , 447 N.E.2d 148 , the supreme court approved the existence of the Hill inference, citing language from People v. Rybka (1959), 16 Ill. 2d 394, 405 , 158 N.E.2d 17, 22 , upon which the Hill instruction was framed.

1985In People v. Ruiz (1982), 94 Ill. 2d 245 , 447 N.E.2d 148 , the supreme court approved the existence of the Hill inference, citing language from People v. Rybka (1959), 16 Ill. 2d 394, 405 , 158 N.E.2d 17, 22 , upon which the Hill instruction was framed.

11985–1985
County Court of Ulster Cty. v. Allen green
scotus · 1979
2 sentences

1985Their theory is obtained from the relatively recent decisions in County Court of Ulster County v. Allen (1979), 442 U.S. 140 , 60 L.

1985Their theory is obtained from the relatively recent decisions in County Court of Ulster County v. Allen (1979), 442 U.S. 140 , 60 L.

11985–1985

Statutes the citing opinions construe

IL § 725 ILCS 5/122-1 (4)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 42 (1900–2026) CA 42 (1954–2026) GA 29 (1974–2026) FL 25 (1955–2025) MO 20 (1953–2025) OH 16 (1996–2026) PA 14 (1974–2025) TN 13 (1998–2016) KS 13 (1889–2020) IL 10 (1985–2025) MS 9 (1956–2017) NY 9 (2008–2026) AR 8 (1990–2019) CT 8 (1995–2017) DC 7 (1992–2011) IN 7 (1978–2019) IA 6 (1989–2021) NC 6 (1956–2017) LA 6 (1904–1997) WA 6 (2014–2018) NV 6 (1998–2021) WY 5 (1991–2025) MT 5 (2000–2018) AZ 5 (1931–2025) NJ 4 (2014–2020) MD 4 (1914–1997) AL 4 (1997–2015) UT 4 (1990–2005) CO 4 (1996–2026) VA 4 (2000–2023) MA 3 (1948–2001) SC 3 (1964–2011) WV 3 (1984–2017) NM 3 (1963–2016) NE 3 (2018–2021) WI 2 (2021–2024) ID 2 (2004–2020) MI 2 (1982–2025) KY 2 (2021–2023)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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