salutary principle (New Jersey) · Go Syfert
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salutary principle in New Jersey

48 New Jersey opinions name it 5 courts 1884–2025 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New Jersey courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (27)

CaseFollowedCited
Fernandi v. Strullygreen
nj · 1961 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1970–1970
2 sentences

1970See Fernandi v. Strully, supra, 35 N.J., at p. 439 .

1970See Fernandi v. Strully, supra, 35 N.J., at p. 439 .

22
L.S. Village, Inc. v. Lawrence Townshipgreen
njsuper · 1985 · cited in 3 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1994–2025
2 sentences

2025Village, Inc. v. Lawrence Twp., 8 N.J.

2025Village, Inc. v. Lawrence Twp., 8 N.J.

13
Aujero v. Cirelligreen
nj · 1988 · cited in 3 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2003–2018
2 sentences

2018In exercising discretion when counsel is not available, the trial court must navigate a course between "the salutary principle 3 A-4586-16T3 that the sins of the advocate should not be visited on the blameless litigant," and "the court's strong interest that management of litigation, if it is to be effective, must lie ultimately with the trial court and not counsel trying the case." Kosmowski, 175 N.J. at 574 (quoting Aujero v. Cirelli, 110 N.J. 566, 573 (1998)(other citation omitted)).

2007The Court said: Clearly, the court must focus on the tension between, on the one hand, `the salutary principle that the sins of the advocate should not be visited on the blameless litigant' Aujero v. Cirelli, 110 N.J. 566, 573 , 542 A. 2d 465 (1988), and, on the other `the court's strong interest that management of litigation, if it is to be effective, must lie ultimately with the trial court and not counsel trying the case.' Rabboh v. Lamattina, 312 N.J.Super. 487, 492 , 712 A. 2d 240 (App. Div.1998). [ Ibid. ] R. 4:24-1(c) is part of the amendments to the court rules referred to as "Best Pra

13
Reed v. Allengreen
scotus · 1932 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1991–2024
2 sentences

2024And the mischief which A-2607-22 17 would follow the establishment of precedent for so disregarding this salutary doctrine against prolonging strife would be greater than the benefit which would result from relieving some case of individual hardship. [Velasquez, 123 N.J. at 514 (quoting Reed v. Allen, 286 U.S. 191, 198-99 (1931)).] Accordingly, we affirm the trial court's dismissal of NJM's complaint against Lallygone under the doctrine of res judicata.

1991And the mischief which would follow the establishment of precedent for so disregarding this salutary doctrine against prolonging strife would be greater than the benefit which would result from relieving some case of individual hardship. [ Ibid. ] Allowing Velasquez to refile in state court the very claim that was carefully considered and dismissed in federal court would undermine public policies favoring stability, limitation on the duration of litigation of a claim, and conservation of judicial resources.

12
Heiser v. Woodruffgreen
scotus · 1946 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1991–2024
2 sentences

2024Thus, "there is 'no principle of law or equity which sanctions the rejection by a . . . court of the salutary principle of res judicata.'" Ibid. (quoting Heiser v. Woodruff, 327 U.S. 726, 733 (1946)).

1991We also note that the doctrine of res judicata arose to respond to cases much like the one before us and that it "serves vital public interests beyond any individual judge's ad hoc determination of the equities in a particular case." Federated Dep't Stores v. Moitie, supra, 452 U.S. at 401 , 101 S.Ct. at 2429 , 69 L.Ed. 2d at 110 ; cf. Heiser v. Woodruff, 327 U.S. 726, 733 , 66 S.Ct. 853, 856 , 90 L.Ed. 970 (1946) (there is "no principle of law or equity which sanctions the rejection by a federal court of the salutary principle of res judicata ").

12
Ten Stary Dom Partnership v. T. Brent Mauro (069079)green
nj · 2013 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2020–2022
2 sentences

2022Ibid.

2020It is a salutary rule that respects the finality of the initial decision, limits the burden of litigation on adverse parties, and removes unnecessary litigation from the courts. [Ten Stary Dom Partnership v. Mauro, 216 N.J. 16, 39 (2013).] Here, the Federal District Court exercised its supplemental jurisdiction to review and deny plaintiff's motion to amend her complaint to assert a claim against defendants under the LAD as an independent contractor.

12
Kosmowski v. Atlantic City Medical Centergreen
nj · 2003 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2017–2018
2 sentences

2018In exercising discretion when counsel is not available, the trial court must navigate a course between "the salutary principle 3 A-4586-16T3 that the sins of the advocate should not be visited on the blameless litigant," and "the court's strong interest that management of litigation, if it is to be effective, must lie ultimately with the trial court and not counsel trying the case." Kosmowski, 175 N.J. at 574 (quoting Aujero v. Cirelli, 110 N.J. 566, 573 (1998)(other citation omitted)).

2017Ctr., 175 N.J. 568, 574 (2003) (stating, regarding whether to adjourn a case due to an expert's unavailability, the court must consider both "the salutary principle that the sins of the advocate should not be visited on the blameless litigant," and the court's case 22 A-5459-14T2 management prerogatives (internal quotation marks and citation omitted)); Parker v. Marcus, 281 N.J.

12
Connors v. Sexton Studios, Inc.green
njsuperctappdiv · 1994 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
1 sentence

2018The court must remain mindful of its overriding objective that "[c]ases should be won or lost on their merits and not because litigants have failed to comply with particular court schedules, unless such noncompliance was purposeful and no lesser remedy was available." Connors v. Sexton Studios, Inc., 270 N.J.

11
Parker v. Marcusgreen
njsuperctappdiv · 1995 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
1 sentence

2017Ctr., 175 N.J. 568, 574 (2003) (stating, regarding whether to adjourn a case due to an expert's unavailability, the court must consider both "the salutary principle that the sins of the advocate should not be visited on the blameless litigant," and the court's case 22 A-5459-14T2 management prerogatives (internal quotation marks and citation omitted)); Parker v. Marcus, 281 N.J.

11
Russell v. Tenafly Bd. of Adjustmentgreen
nj · 1959 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
2 sentences

2013City of Hackensack v. Winner, 82 N.J. 1, 32 , 410 A.2d 1146 (1980). “[A]n adjudicative decision of an administrative agency ‘should be accorded the same finality.’ ” Bressman v. Gash, 131 N.J. 517, 526 , 621 A.2d 476 (1993) (quoting Restatement (Second) of Judgments § 83 cmt. b (1982)); see also Russell v. Bd. of Adjustment of Tenafly, 31 N.J. 58, 65 , 155 A.2d 83 (1959).

2013City of Hackensack v. Winner, 82 N.J. 1, 32 , 410 A.2d 1146 (1980). “[A]n adjudicative decision of an administrative agency ‘should be accorded the same finality.’ ” Bressman v. Gash, 131 N.J. 517, 526 , 621 A.2d 476 (1993) (quoting Restatement (Second) of Judgments § 83 cmt. b (1982)); see also Russell v. Bd. of Adjustment of Tenafly, 31 N.J. 58, 65 , 155 A.2d 83 (1959).

11
Country Floors, Inc. v. A Partnership Composed of Charley Gepner and Gary Ford, D/B/A Country Tilesgreen
ca3 · 1991 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
1 sentence

2011See, e.g., Country Floors, Inc. v. Gepner, 930 F.2d 1056, 1063 (3d Cir.1991) (concluding that trial "court's assessment of the evidence before it on summary judgment, since it included evidence produced at the preliminary injunction hearing and the factual findings developed at that hearing, is in error"); see also Doeblers' Pa. Hybrids, Inc. v. Doebler, 442 F.3d 812 (3d Cir.2006) (applying Country Floors standard). 12 Of course, if the proofs only satisfy the preponderance of the evidence standard, the Title Nine court may still make its abuse or neglect findings for purely Title Nine purpose

11
cluster 793809green
ca3 · 2006 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
1 sentence

2011See, e.g., Country Floors, Inc. v. Gepner, 930 F.2d 1056, 1063 (3d Cir.1991) (concluding that trial "court's assessment of the evidence before it on summary judgment, since it included evidence produced at the preliminary injunction hearing and the factual findings developed at that hearing, is in error"); see also Doeblers' Pa. Hybrids, Inc. v. Doebler, 442 F.3d 812 (3d Cir.2006) (applying Country Floors standard). 12 Of course, if the proofs only satisfy the preponderance of the evidence standard, the Title Nine court may still make its abuse or neglect findings for purely Title Nine purpose

11
Crews v. Garmoneygreen
njsuperctappdiv · 1976 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1988–1988
11
Crispin v. Volkswagenwerk, A.G.green
nj · 1984 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1988–1988
11
cluster 433849green
ca9 · 1984 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1985–1985
11
Anderson v. Sillsgreen
nj · 1970 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1980–1980
11
Dombrowski v. Pfistergreen
scotus · 1965 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1980–1980
11
Gooding v. Wilsongreen
scotus · 1972 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1980–1980
11
Broadrick v. Oklahomagreen
scotus · 1973 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1980–1980
11
State v. Jonesgreen
nj · 1975 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1976–1976
11
Santobello v. New Yorkgreen
scotus · 1971 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1976–1976
11
State v. Thomasgreen
nj · 1972 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1976–1976
11
Barrows v. Jacksongreen
scotus · 1953 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1964–1964
11
State v. Petroliagreen
nj · 1956 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1960–1960
11
Fidelity Union Tr. v. Multiple Realtygreen
njch · 1942 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1959–1959
11
Winans v. Luppiegreen
njch · 1890 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1953–1953
11
Vaiden v. Edsongreen
· 1915 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1947–1947
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New Jersey. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (43)

CaseCitedYears
Federated Department Stores, Inc. v. Moitie green
scotus · 1981
2 sentences

2024Thus, "there is 'no principle of law or equity which sanctions the rejection by a . . . court of the salutary principle of res judicata.'" Ibid. (quoting Heiser v. Woodruff, 327 U.S. 726, 733 (1946)).

1991We also note that the doctrine of res judicata arose to respond to cases much like the one before us and that it "serves vital public interests beyond any individual judge's ad hoc determination of the equities in a particular case." Federated Dep't Stores v. Moitie, supra, 452 U.S. at 401 , 101 S.Ct. at 2429 , 69 L.Ed. 2d at 110 ; cf. Heiser v. Woodruff, 327 U.S. 726, 733 , 66 S.Ct. 853, 856 , 90 L.Ed. 970 (1946) (there is "no principle of law or equity which sanctions the rejection by a federal court of the salutary principle of res judicata ").

21991–2024
Rabboh v. Lamattina green
njsuperctappdiv · 1998
2 sentences

2007The Court said: Clearly, the court must focus on the tension between, on the one hand, `the salutary principle that the sins of the advocate should not be visited on the blameless litigant' Aujero v. Cirelli, 110 N.J. 566, 573 , 542 A. 2d 465 (1988), and, on the other `the court's strong interest that management of litigation, if it is to be effective, must lie ultimately with the trial court and not counsel trying the case.' Rabboh v. Lamattina, 312 N.J.Super. 487, 492 , 712 A. 2d 240 (App. Div.1998). [ Ibid. ] R. 4:24-1(c) is part of the amendments to the court rules referred to as "Best Pra

2007The Court said: Clearly, the court must focus on the tension between, on the one hand, `the salutary principle that the sins of the advocate should not be visited on the blameless litigant' Aujero v. Cirelli, 110 N.J. 566, 573 , 542 A. 2d 465 (1988), and, on the other `the court's strong interest that management of litigation, if it is to be effective, must lie ultimately with the trial court and not counsel trying the case.' Rabboh v. Lamattina, 312 N.J.Super. 487, 492 , 712 A. 2d 240 (App. Div.1998). [ Ibid. ] R. 4:24-1(c) is part of the amendments to the court rules referred to as "Best Pra

22003–2007
City of Newark v. Fischer green
nj · 1950
1 sentence

2025Tax at 40 (citing Newark v. Fisher, 3 N.J. 488 (1950); Suburban Dep’t Stores v. East Orange, 47 N.J.

12025–2025
Mayfair Holding Corp. v. Township of North Bergen green
njtaxct · 1982
1 sentence

2025As stated above, our state’s jurisprudence has consistently followed the salutary principle that “[c]ompliance with statutory filing requirements is an unqualified jurisdictional imperative.” Mayfair Holding Corp., 4 N.J.

12025–2025
Suburban Department Stores v. East Orange green
njsuperctappdiv · 1957
1 sentence

2025Tax at 40 (citing Newark v. Fisher, 3 N.J. 488 (1950); Suburban Dep’t Stores v. East Orange, 47 N.J.

12025–2025
Velasquez v. Franz green
nj · 1991
1 sentence

2024And the mischief which A-2607-22 17 would follow the establishment of precedent for so disregarding this salutary doctrine against prolonging strife would be greater than the benefit which would result from relieving some case of individual hardship. [Velasquez, 123 N.J. at 514 (quoting Reed v. Allen, 286 U.S. 191, 198-99 (1931)).] Accordingly, we affirm the trial court's dismissal of NJM's complaint against Lallygone under the doctrine of res judicata.

12024–2024
Sellitto v. Borough of Spring Lake Heights green
nj · 1996
1 sentence

2017Super. 589, 592-95 (App. Div. 1995) (in context of Rule 4:50-1(f) motion, finding exceptional circumstances that warranted relieving party of consequences of negligent conduct of case by attorney later disbarred), certif. denied, 143 N.J. 324 (1996).

12017–2017
City of Hackensack v. Winner green
nj · 1980
2 sentences

2013City of Hackensack v. Winner, 82 N.J. 1, 32 , 410 A.2d 1146 (1980). “[A]n adjudicative decision of an administrative agency ‘should be accorded the same finality.’ ” Bressman v. Gash, 131 N.J. 517, 526 , 621 A.2d 476 (1993) (quoting Restatement (Second) of Judgments § 83 cmt. b (1982)); see also Russell v. Bd. of Adjustment of Tenafly, 31 N.J. 58, 65 , 155 A.2d 83 (1959).

2013City of Hackensack v. Winner, 82 N.J. 1, 32 , 410 A.2d 1146 (1980). “[A]n adjudicative decision of an administrative agency ‘should be accorded the same finality.’ ” Bressman v. Gash, 131 N.J. 517, 526 , 621 A.2d 476 (1993) (quoting Restatement (Second) of Judgments § 83 cmt. b (1982)); see also Russell v. Bd. of Adjustment of Tenafly, 31 N.J. 58, 65 , 155 A.2d 83 (1959).

12013–2013
Bressman v. Gash green
nj · 1993
2 sentences

2013City of Hackensack v. Winner, 82 N.J. 1, 32 , 410 A.2d 1146 (1980). “[A]n adjudicative decision of an administrative agency ‘should be accorded the same finality.’ ” Bressman v. Gash, 131 N.J. 517, 526 , 621 A.2d 476 (1993) (quoting Restatement (Second) of Judgments § 83 cmt. b (1982)); see also Russell v. Bd. of Adjustment of Tenafly, 31 N.J. 58, 65 , 155 A.2d 83 (1959).

2013City of Hackensack v. Winner, 82 N.J. 1, 32 , 410 A.2d 1146 (1980). “[A]n adjudicative decision of an administrative agency ‘should be accorded the same finality.’ ” Bressman v. Gash, 131 N.J. 517, 526 , 621 A.2d 476 (1993) (quoting Restatement (Second) of Judgments § 83 cmt. b (1982)); see also Russell v. Bd. of Adjustment of Tenafly, 31 N.J. 58, 65 , 155 A.2d 83 (1959).

12013–2013
Abtrax Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Elkins-Sinn, Inc. green
nj · 1995
2 sentences

2006Abtrax Pharms. v. Elkins-Sinn, Inc., 139 N.J. 499, 514-16 , 655 A. 2d 1368 (1995).

2006Abtrax Pharms. v. Elkins-Sinn, Inc., 139 N.J. 499, 514-16 , 655 A. 2d 1368 (1995).

12006–2006
Tomaiuoli v. US Fidelity and Guaranty Co. green
njsuperctappdiv · 1962
2 sentences

2003Co., 75 N.J.Super. 192, 207 , 182 A. 2d 582 (App.Div.1962).

2003Co., 75 N.J.Super. 192, 207 , 182 A. 2d 582 (App.Div.1962).

12003–2003
State v. Saunders green
nj · 1977
2 sentences

1999This salutary rule "rests on the principle that legislative acts are presumptively valid and will not be overturned on the basis of hypothetical cases not actually before the court." State v. Saunders, 75 N.J. 200, 208-09 , 381 A. 2d 333 (1977).

1999This salutary rule "rests on the principle that legislative acts are presumptively valid and will not be overturned on the basis of hypothetical cases not actually before the court." State v. Saunders, 75 N.J. 200, 208-09 , 381 A. 2d 333 (1977).

11999–1999
Brookview Gardens, Inc. v. Borough of Bergenfield neutral
njsuperctappdiv · 1983
1 sentence

1995Bergen County Associates v. East Rutherford Boro., 12 N.J.Tax 399 (Tax 1992), affd o.b. per curiam 265 N.J.Super. 1 , 625 A.2d 524 (App.Div.), certif. denied 134 N.J. 482 , 634 A.2d 528 (1993); Riorano v. Weymouth Tp., 4 N.J.Tax 550 (Tax 1982), affd per curiam 6 N.J.Tax 253 (App.Div.1983); Sage v. Bernards Tp., 5 N.J.Tax 52 (Tax 1982).

11995–1995
Bergen County Assoc. v. Borough of East Rutherford green
njtaxct · 1992
1 sentence

1995Bergen County Associates v. East Rutherford Boro., 12 N.J.Tax 399 (Tax 1992), affd o.b. per curiam 265 N.J.Super. 1 , 625 A.2d 524 (App.Div.), certif. denied 134 N.J. 482 , 634 A.2d 528 (1993); Riorano v. Weymouth Tp., 4 N.J.Tax 550 (Tax 1982), affd per curiam 6 N.J.Tax 253 (App.Div.1983); Sage v. Bernards Tp., 5 N.J.Tax 52 (Tax 1982).

11995–1995
Riorano, Inc. v. Weymouth Township green
njtaxct · 1982
1 sentence

1995Bergen County Associates v. East Rutherford Boro., 12 N.J.Tax 399 (Tax 1992), affd o.b. per curiam 265 N.J.Super. 1 , 625 A.2d 524 (App.Div.), certif. denied 134 N.J. 482 , 634 A.2d 528 (1993); Riorano v. Weymouth Tp., 4 N.J.Tax 550 (Tax 1982), affd per curiam 6 N.J.Tax 253 (App.Div.1983); Sage v. Bernards Tp., 5 N.J.Tax 52 (Tax 1982).

11995–1995
Sage v. Bernards Township green
njtaxct · 1982
1 sentence

1995Bergen County Associates v. East Rutherford Boro., 12 N.J.Tax 399 (Tax 1992), affd o.b. per curiam 265 N.J.Super. 1 , 625 A.2d 524 (App.Div.), certif. denied 134 N.J. 482 , 634 A.2d 528 (1993); Riorano v. Weymouth Tp., 4 N.J.Tax 550 (Tax 1982), affd per curiam 6 N.J.Tax 253 (App.Div.1983); Sage v. Bernards Tp., 5 N.J.Tax 52 (Tax 1982).

11995–1995
Bergen County Associates v. Borough of East Rutherford neutral
nj · 1993
1 sentence

1995Bergen County Associates v. East Rutherford Boro., 12 N.J.Tax 399 (Tax 1992), affd o.b. per curiam 265 N.J.Super. 1 , 625 A.2d 524 (App.Div.), certif. denied 134 N.J. 482 , 634 A.2d 528 (1993); Riorano v. Weymouth Tp., 4 N.J.Tax 550 (Tax 1982), affd per curiam 6 N.J.Tax 253 (App.Div.1983); Sage v. Bernards Tp., 5 N.J.Tax 52 (Tax 1982).

11995–1995
BERGEN CTY. ASSOC. v. Borough of East Rutherford green
njsuperctappdiv · 1993
2 sentences

1995Bergen County Associates v. East Rutherford Boro., 12 N.J.Tax 399 (Tax 1992), affd o.b. per curiam 265 N.J.Super. 1 , 625 A.2d 524 (App.Div.), certif. denied 134 N.J. 482 , 634 A.2d 528 (1993); Riorano v. Weymouth Tp., 4 N.J.Tax 550 (Tax 1982), affd per curiam 6 N.J.Tax 253 (App.Div.1983); Sage v. Bernards Tp., 5 N.J.Tax 52 (Tax 1982).

1995Bergen County Associates v. East Rutherford Boro., 12 N.J.Tax 399 (Tax 1992), affd o.b. per curiam 265 N.J.Super. 1 , 625 A.2d 524 (App.Div.), certif. denied 134 N.J. 482 , 634 A.2d 528 (1993); Riorano v. Weymouth Tp., 4 N.J.Tax 550 (Tax 1982), affd per curiam 6 N.J.Tax 253 (App.Div.1983); Sage v. Bernards Tp., 5 N.J.Tax 52 (Tax 1982).

11995–1995
King v. New Jersey Racing Commission green
nj · 1986
11992–1992
Princeton University Press v. Borough of Princeton green
nj · 1961
11988–1988
Town of Bloomfield v. Academy of Med. of NJ green
nj · 1966
11988–1988
Meistrich v. Casino Arena Attractions, Inc. green
nj · 1959
11985–1985
City of Passaic v. Division of Tax Appeals green
nj · 1959
11985–1985
City of Passaic v. DIV. OF TAX APPEALS, DEPT. OF TREASURY green
njsuperctappdiv · 1959
11985–1985
Glen Wall Associates v. Wall Township green
njtaxct · 1983
11984–1984
In The Matter Of Wonderbowl, Inc., Debtor neutral
ca9 · 1972
11978–1978
Harvey v. Craw neutral
nj · 1970
11975–1975
United States v. Consolidated Laundries Corporation green
ca2 · 1961
11967–1967
State v. Fuller green
nj · 1877
11954–1954
State v. Rahway neutral
nj · 1878
11954–1954
Kuperstein v. Gude & Cole Corp. neutral
njsuperctappdiv · 1950
11952–1952
State v. Hatfield neutral
nj · 1915
11949–1949
Staats v. Bergen green
nj · 1867
11945–1945
Morse v. Hackensack Savings Bank green
njch · 1890
11943–1943
Duvale v. Duvale green
nj · 1898
11939–1939
Duvale v. Duvale neutral
njch · 1896
11939–1939
Wilson v. Cornbrooks green
nj · 1928
11934–1934
Casey v. . Kastel green
ny · 1924
11933–1933
Davis v. Littel green
nj · 1900
11907–1907
Fitzhenry v. Consolidated Traction Co. neutral
nj · 1900
11906–1906

Where else courts name it

NY 90 (1840–2024) CA 80 (1902–2017) PA 66 (1851–2017) NJ 48 (1884–2025) IL 45 (1875–2009) NC 44 (1891–2010) AL 32 (1850–2016) FL 31 (1855–2025) MO 26 (1873–1987) KS 25 (1904–1999) TX 25 (1881–2010) WV 25 (1875–2020) WA 21 (1894–1989) MI 19 (1894–2019) OR 18 (1901–2023) CT 18 (1819–2014) SC 17 (1905–1973) CO 17 (1894–1991) OK 17 (1897–1960) KY 16 (1907–1977) MN 15 (1897–1974) VA 14 (1910–2017) MT 14 (1920–2022) MA 14 (1906–2006) GA 14 (1895–1980) OH 13 (1898–1992) NE 13 (1894–2017) IN 12 (1854–1957) AR 12 (1895–1997) IA 11 (1921–2017) MD 11 (1888–2024) ND 11 (1901–2007) AZ 10 (1919–1970) ME 10 (1913–2018) TN 9 (1919–2000) WI 9 (1883–2023) NV 7 (1910–2023) DE 6 (1910–2020) DC 6 (1910–1989) LA 6 (1892–1979) MS 5 (1916–1988) WY 5 (1891–1975) VT 5 (1829–2004) RI 5 (1924–2011) ID 4 (1894–2009) UT 4 (1893–1939) HI 4 (1923–1953) NM 3 (1943–1965) SD 3 (1917–1948) PR 2 (1944–1952) VI 2 (1991–1997)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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