reasoning analysis (Texas) · Go Syfert
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reasoning analysis in Texas

44 Texas opinions name it 2 courts 1963–2025 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Texas courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (29)

CaseFollowedCited
Cofield v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1994 · cited in 4 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1999–2008
2 sentences

2008See Cofield v. State, 891 S.W.2d 952, 956 (Tex.Crim.App.1994) ("Though the Supreme Court in Williamson was interpreting the federal rule, our Rule 803(24) contains very similar language, and we find the Supreme Court’s reasoning and analysis persuasive.”). .

2008Cofield v. State, 891 S.W.2d 952, 956 (Tex.Crim.App.1994) ("we find the Supreme Court’s reasoning and analysis [in William son] persuasive”); Dewberry v. State, 4 S.W.3d 735, 751 (Tex.Crim.App.1999) (citing and relying upon Williamson and concluding that cohort’s statements that "we” committed certain criminal acts were sufficiently against the speaker’s interest to be admissible under TexR.

44
Williams v. Chisolmgreen
texapp · 2003 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2016
2 sentences

2016See Williams v. Chisolm, 111 S.W.3d 811 , 815 (Tex.App.-Houston [1 st Dist.] 2003, no pet.).

2015Edwards then called Matthews. assure both the reviewing court and the litigants that the Matthews admitted he deceived Edwards and told him the trial court's decision resulted from thoughtful deliberation. payments Edwards made to the vendors were for past-due See Williams v. Chisolm, 111 S.W.3d 811, 815 (Tex.App.- balances on orders for other customers, not the customers Houston [1st Dist.] 2003, no pet.).

33
Dewberry v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1999 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008Cofield v. State, 891 S.W.2d 952, 956 (Tex.Crim.App.1994) ("we find the Supreme Court’s reasoning and analysis [in William son] persuasive”); Dewberry v. State, 4 S.W.3d 735, 751 (Tex.Crim.App.1999) (citing and relying upon Williamson and concluding that cohort’s statements that "we” committed certain criminal acts were sufficiently against the speaker’s interest to be admissible under TexR.

2008See Cofield v. State, 891 S.W.2d 952, 956 (Tex.Crim.App.1994) ("Though the Supreme Court in Williamson was interpreting the federal rule, our Rule 803(24) contains very similar language, and we find the Supreme Court's reasoning and analysis persuasive."). [23] Dewberry, 4 S.W.3d at 751 ; Bingham, 987 S.W.2d at 57 . [24] See Williamson, 512 U.S. at 603-604 , 114 S.Ct. 2431 .

33
Scott v. Stategreen
texapp · 2005 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2007–2008
2 sentences

2008Scott v. State , 162 S.W.3d 397, 401 (Tex. App.--Beaumont 2005, pet. ref'd).

2007Scott v. State, 162 S.W.3d 397, 401 (Tex.App.-Beaumont 2005, pet. refd).

33
State v. Davisgreen
texcrimapp · 2011 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017“While we have previously held that a trial court may not grant a new trial solely on the issue of punishment, the reasoning for that rule no longer stands, and a trial court may indeed grant a new trial on punishment.” State v. Davis, 349 S.W.3d 535, 537 (Tex. Crim.

2017"While we have previously held that a trial court may not grant a new trial solely on the issue of punishment, the reasoning for that rule no longer stands, and a trial court may indeed grant a new trial on punishment.” State v. Davis, 349 S.W.3d 535, 537 (Tex. Crim.

22
Carmell v. Stategreen
texapp · 2000 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
2 sentences

2010See 26 S.W.3d at 728 .

2010See 26 S.W.3d at 728 .

22
Chrysler Corp. v. Honorable Robert Blackmongreen
tex · 1992 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
2 sentences

2003Chrysler Corp. v. Blackmon, 841 S.W.2d 844, 852 (Tex.1992).

2003Chrysler Corp. v. Blackmon , 841 S.W.2d 844, 852 (Tex. 1992).

22
Bingham v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1999 · cited in 4 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1999–2008
2 sentences

2008See Cofield v. State, 891 S.W.2d 952, 956 (Tex.Crim.App.1994) ("Though the Supreme Court in Williamson was interpreting the federal rule, our Rule 803(24) contains very similar language, and we find the Supreme Court's reasoning and analysis persuasive."). [23] Dewberry, 4 S.W.3d at 751 ; Bingham, 987 S.W.2d at 57 . [24] See Williamson, 512 U.S. at 603-604 , 114 S.Ct. 2431 .

1999See also Cofield v. State, 891 S.W.2d at 956 ("we find the Supreme Court’s reasoning and analysis [in Williamson ] persuasive.”); Bingham v. State, 987 S.W.2d at 56 ("Nowhere within the text is there any mention of this exception being limited to cases in which the criminal defendant is the declarant of the statements, and there is good reason for this.

14
Lilly v. Virginiagreen
scotus · 1999 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008Thus, the Confrontation Clause analysis and discussion of statements against penal interest made to investigating police officers in Lilly v. Virginia, 527 U.S. 116 , 119 S.Ct. 1887 , 144 L.Ed.2d 117 (1999), has been largely superseded by those two cases, although the reasoning in Lilly is consistent with that in both Crawford and Davis. [48] Cofield v. State, 891 S.W.2d 952, 956 (Tex. Crim.App.1994) ("we find the Supreme Court's reasoning and analysis [in Williamson ] persuasive"); Dewberry v. State, 4 S.W.3d 735, 751 (Tex.Crim.App.1999) (citing and relying upon Williamson and concluding that

2008Thus, the Confrontation Clause analysis and discussion of statements against penal interest made to investigating police officers in Lilly v. Virginia, 527 U.S. 116 , 119 S.Ct. 1887 , 144 L.Ed.2d 117 (1999), has been largely superseded by those two cases, although the reasoning in Lilly is consistent with that in both Crawford and Davis. [48] Cofield v. State, 891 S.W.2d 952, 956 (Tex. Crim.App.1994) ("we find the Supreme Court's reasoning and analysis [in Williamson ] persuasive"); Dewberry v. State, 4 S.W.3d 735, 751 (Tex.Crim.App.1999) (citing and relying upon Williamson and concluding that

12
Hoist Liftruck Mfg, Inc. v. Carruth-Doggett, Inc.green
texapp · 2016 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025See Hoist Liftruck Mfg., Inc. v. Carruth-Doggett, Inc., 485 S.W.3d 120, 124 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2016, no pet.) (Frost, C.J., concurring) (discuss- ing split among courts of appeals).

11
In Re Lisa Laser USA, Inc.green
tex · 2010 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
1 sentence

2018See In re Lisa Laser USA, Inc., 310 S.W.3d at 884 ; see also In re Fisher, 433 S.W.3d at 530 (holding that the reasoning and analysis in In re Lisa Laser applies not only to forum selection clauses, but also to venue selection clauses in “major transactions” under Section 15.020).

11
in Re Mark Fisher and Reece Boudreauxgreen
tex · 2014 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
1 sentence

2018See In re Lisa Laser USA, Inc., 310 S.W.3d at 884 ; see also In re Fisher, 433 S.W.3d at 530 (holding that the reasoning and analysis in In re Lisa Laser applies not only to forum selection clauses, but also to venue selection clauses in “major transactions” under Section 15.020).

11
Mozon v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1999 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015Evid. 404, as recognized in Mozon, 991 S.W.2d at 845-46 , to support , his assertion that "the trial court’s reasoning and analysis in excluding evidence of Diles’[s] violent past was an abuse of discretion.” Thompson was decided under the .now-superseded common law standard, which allowed the admission of evidence .of prior specific instances of violence to show á victim's character trait for violence.

2015Evid. 404, as recognized in Mozon, 991 S.W.2d at 845-46 , to support his assertion that “the trial court’s reasoning and analysis in excluding evidence of Diles’[s] violent past was an abuse of discretion.” Thompson was decided under the now-superseded common law standard, which allowed the admission of evidence of prior specific instances of violence to show a victim’s character trait for violence.

11
Estate of Townes v. Woodgreen
texapp · 1996 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
1 sentence

2013“The written, signed order setting the case for trial is not a substitute for a written, signed order granting a motion for new trial because the order setting the case for trial does not adjudicate the merits of the motion for new trial.” Estate of Townes v. Wood, 934 S.W.2d 806, 807 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1996, no writ).

11
Almanza v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1985 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
1 sentence

2012When a defendant fails to object at trial to an error in the jury charge, he is entitled to a reversal only if that error results in “egregious harm.” Almanza v. State, 686 S.W.2d 157, 171 (Tex. Crim.

11
Dishner v. Huitt-Zollars, Inc.green
texapp · 2005 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
2 sentences

2010See infra pp. 6–7 & n9. [7] See Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 311.021(2) (Vernon 2005) (requiring courts construe statutes based on presumption that Legislature intended entire statute to be effective); City of Marshall v. City of Uncertain , 206 S.W.3d 97, 105 (Tex. 2006) (citing City of San Antonio v. City of Boerne , 111 S.W.3d 22, 29 (Tex. 2003)) (stating courts should avoid construing statutes in manner that renders any part of statute meaningless or superfluous). [8] See Dishner , 162 S.W.3d at 377 ; Spiller , 21 S.W.3d at 454 ; Grossnickle , 115 S.W.3d at 252 . [9] Compare Majority opinion, p.

2010See infra pp. 6–7 & n9. [7] See Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 311.021(2) (Vernon 2005) (requiring courts construe statutes based on presumption that Legislature intended entire statute to be effective); City of Marshall v. City of Uncertain , 206 S.W.3d 97, 105 (Tex. 2006) (citing City of San Antonio v. City of Boerne , 111 S.W.3d 22, 29 (Tex. 2003)) (stating courts should avoid construing statutes in manner that renders any part of statute meaningless or superfluous). [8] See Dishner , 162 S.W.3d at 377 ; Spiller , 21 S.W.3d at 454 ; Grossnickle , 115 S.W.3d at 252 . [9] Compare Majority opinion, p.

11
Spiller v. Spillergreen
texapp · 2000 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
11
City of San Antonio v. City of Boernegreen
tex · 2003 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
1 sentence

2010See infra pp. 6–7 & n9. [7] See Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 311.021(2) (Vernon 2005) (requiring courts construe statutes based on presumption that Legislature intended entire statute to be effective); City of Marshall v. City of Uncertain , 206 S.W.3d 97, 105 (Tex. 2006) (citing City of San Antonio v. City of Boerne , 111 S.W.3d 22, 29 (Tex. 2003)) (stating courts should avoid construing statutes in manner that renders any part of statute meaningless or superfluous). [8] See Dishner , 162 S.W.3d at 377 ; Spiller , 21 S.W.3d at 454 ; Grossnickle , 115 S.W.3d at 252 . [9] Compare Majority opinion, p.

11
In Re the Marriage of Grossnicklegreen
texapp · 2003 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
11
City of Marshall v. City of Uncertaingreen
tex · 2006 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
11
Marsaw v. Thompsongreen
ca5 · 2005 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
Zarychta v. Stategreen
texapp · 1998 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
Miles v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1996 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
Mendez v. Stategreen
texapp · 2001 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
Armstrong v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1985 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
Gardner v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1987 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
11
Clewis v. Stategreen
texapp · 1994 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11
Jackson v. Virginiared
scotus · 1979 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987
11
Johnson v. Louisianagreen
scotus · 1972 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Texas. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (26)

CaseCitedYears
Williamson v. United States green
scotus · 1994
2 sentences

2008See Cofield v. State, 891 S.W.2d 952, 956 (Tex.Crim.App.1994) ("Though the Supreme Court in Williamson was interpreting the federal rule, our Rule 803(24) contains very similar language, and we find the Supreme Court's reasoning and analysis persuasive."). [23] Dewberry, 4 S.W.3d at 751 ; Bingham, 987 S.W.2d at 57 . [24] See Williamson, 512 U.S. at 603-604 , 114 S.Ct. 2431 .

2008See Cofield v. State, 891 S.W.2d 952, 956 (Tex.Crim.App.1994) ("Though the Supreme Court in Williamson was interpreting the federal rule, our Rule 803(24) contains very similar language, and we find the Supreme Court's reasoning and analysis persuasive."). [23] Dewberry, 4 S.W.3d at 751 ; Bingham, 987 S.W.2d at 57 . [24] See Williamson, 512 U.S. at 603-604 , 114 S.Ct. 2431 .

41998–2008
Facundo v. State green
texapp · 1998
2 sentences

2011In support of his contention that the prosecutor improperly urged the jury to consider how the parole laws would be applied specifically to him, Appellant relies *372 on the reasoning and analysis of three cases from our sister courts— Chester v. State, 167 S.W.3d 935 (Tex.App.-Amarillo 2005, pet. ref'd); Perez v. State, 994 S.W.2d 233 (Tex.App.-Waco 1999, pet. ref'd); and Facundo v. State, 971 S.W.2d 133 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1998, pet. ref'd).

2011In support of his contention that the prosecutor improperly urged the jury to consider how the parole laws would be applied specifically to him, Appellant relies on the reasoning and analysis of three cases from our sister courts —Chester v. State, 167 S.W.3d 935 (Tex.App.-Amarillo 2005, pet. ref'd); Perez v. State, 994 S.W.2d 233 (Tex.App.-Waco 1999, pet. ref'd); and Facundo v. State, 971 S.W.2d 133 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1998, pet. ref'd).

32010–2011
Chester v. State green
texapp · 2005
2 sentences

2011In support of his contention that the prosecutor improperly urged the jury to consider how the parole laws would be applied specifically to him, Appellant relies *372 on the reasoning and analysis of three cases from our sister courts— Chester v. State, 167 S.W.3d 935 (Tex.App.-Amarillo 2005, pet. ref'd); Perez v. State, 994 S.W.2d 233 (Tex.App.-Waco 1999, pet. ref'd); and Facundo v. State, 971 S.W.2d 133 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1998, pet. ref'd).

2011In support of his contention that the prosecutor improperly urged the jury to consider how the parole laws would be applied specifically to him, Appellant relies on the reasoning and analysis of three cases from our sister courts —Chester v. State, 167 S.W.3d 935 (Tex.App.-Amarillo 2005, pet. ref'd); Perez v. State, 994 S.W.2d 233 (Tex.App.-Waco 1999, pet. ref'd); and Facundo v. State, 971 S.W.2d 133 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1998, pet. ref'd).

32010–2011
Perez v. State green
texapp · 1999
2 sentences

2011In support of his contention that the prosecutor improperly urged the jury to consider how the parole laws would be applied specifically to him, Appellant relies *372 on the reasoning and analysis of three cases from our sister courts— Chester v. State, 167 S.W.3d 935 (Tex.App.-Amarillo 2005, pet. ref'd); Perez v. State, 994 S.W.2d 233 (Tex.App.-Waco 1999, pet. ref'd); and Facundo v. State, 971 S.W.2d 133 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1998, pet. ref'd).

2011In support of his contention that the prosecutor improperly urged the jury to consider how the parole laws would be applied specifically to him, Appellant relies on the reasoning and analysis of three cases from our sister courts —Chester v. State, 167 S.W.3d 935 (Tex.App.-Amarillo 2005, pet. ref'd); Perez v. State, 994 S.W.2d 233 (Tex.App.-Waco 1999, pet. ref'd); and Facundo v. State, 971 S.W.2d 133 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1998, pet. ref'd).

32010–2011
Murray v. San Jacinto Agency, Inc. green
tex · 1991
2 sentences

2002The Texas Supreme Court has stated that "when there is no outright denial of a claim, the exact date of accrual of a cause of action . . . should be a question of fact to be determined on a case-by-case basis." Murray , 800 S.W.2d at 833 n.2.

2002The Texas Supreme Court has stated that “when there is no outright denial of a claim, the exact date of accrual of a cause of action ... should be a question of fact to be determined on a case-by-case basis.” Murray, 800 S.W.2d at 833 n. 2.

22002–2002
in Re United Scaffolding, Inc. green
tex · 2012
1 sentence

2018The trial court’s order provides scant insight into the judge’s reasoning that the violation of the motion-in- limine order should result in setting aside a jury’s verdict, nullifying the trial process, 3 and retrying the case.1 Id.

12018–2018
Wasson Interests, Ltd. v. City of Jacksonville, Texas green
tex · 2016
1 sentence

2016Further, because we have concluded that the trial court correctly denied the LCRA Officials’ plea based on the reasoning and analysis in Sawyer Trust and Lain , we do not reach NBU’s alternative basis for affirming the trial court’s order, based on the Texas Supreme Court’s recent opinion in Wasson Interests, Ltd. v. City of Jacksonville, 489 S.W.3d 427 (Tex. 2016).

12016–2016
Miranda v. Arizona green
scotus · 1966
1 sentence

2015The Fifth Amendment Almost fifty years ago, in Miranda v. Arizona, Arizona 384 U.S. 436 , 438 n. 37 (1966), the Supreme Court held that it is “impermissible to penalize an individual for exercising his Fifth Amendment privilege6 when he is under police custodial interrogation.

12015–2015
Ex Parte Miller green
texcrimapp · 2010
2 sentences

2015See id. at 653-55 ; Ex parte Miller, 330 S.W.3d at 619 n. 21; Mozon, 991 S.W.2d at 845-46 .

2015See id. at 653-55; Ex parte Miller, 330 S.W.3d at 619 n.21; 26 Appellant has not explained how the proffered evidence of Diles’s physical abuse of Castillo and appellant’s knowledge of Diles’s gang membership explain Diles’s aggressive conduct, and in a manner other than one that only demonstrates character conformity.

12015–2015
Staats v. Miller green
tex · 1951
1 sentence

2015To determine whether at 584–85, 243 S.W.2d at 687–88 (recovery authorized when the court abused its discretion in deciding that he did not, creditor refused to return surplus arising on sale of security we first determine whether there was sufficient evidence to for debt); Wiseman, 69 Tex. at 65 , 6 S.W. at 743–44 (same). support the unchallenged findings that explain the court's reasoning and analysis.

12015–2015
McQuarrie v. State green
texcrimapp · 2012
1 sentence

2015A fair application of McQuarrie shows an inquiry into the effects of the juror's considering the parole laws to arrive at a punishment do not require the court to delve into deliberations, see McQuarrie, supra at 154: "An inquiry into the jury's private internet investigation does not require us to "delve into deliberations." Trial courts often instruct jurors that they are to consider only the testimony heard in court and the physical exhibits admitted into evidence, that they are not to speak with anyone about the case, and that they are not to visit the scene of the crime.

12015–2015
Wiseman v. Baylor green
tex · 1887
2 sentences

2015To determine whether at 584–85, 243 S.W.2d at 687–88 (recovery authorized when the court abused its discretion in deciding that he did not, creditor refused to return surplus arising on sale of security we first determine whether there was sufficient evidence to for debt); Wiseman, 69 Tex. at 65 , 6 S.W. at 743–44 (same). support the unchallenged findings that explain the court's reasoning and analysis.

2015To determine whether at 584–85, 243 S.W.2d at 687–88 (recovery authorized when the court abused its discretion in deciding that he did not, creditor refused to return surplus arising on sale of security we first determine whether there was sufficient evidence to for debt); Wiseman, 69 Tex. at 65 , 6 S.W. at 743–44 (same). support the unchallenged findings that explain the court's reasoning and analysis.

12015–2015
Alexander v. City of San Antonio green
tex · 1971
12010–2010
University of Texas v. Morris green
tex · 1961
2 sentences

2010See infra pp. 6–7 & n9. [7] See Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 311.021(2) (Vernon 2005) (requiring courts construe statutes based on presumption that Legislature intended entire statute to be effective); City of Marshall v. City of Uncertain , 206 S.W.3d 97, 105 (Tex. 2006) (citing City of San Antonio v. City of Boerne , 111 S.W.3d 22, 29 (Tex. 2003)) (stating courts should avoid construing statutes in manner that renders any part of statute meaningless or superfluous). [8] See Dishner , 162 S.W.3d at 377 ; Spiller , 21 S.W.3d at 454 ; Grossnickle , 115 S.W.3d at 252 . [9] Compare Majority opinion, p.

2010See infra pp. 6–7 & n9. [7] See Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 311.021(2) (Vernon 2005) (requiring courts construe statutes based on presumption that Legislature intended entire statute to be effective); City of Marshall v. City of Uncertain , 206 S.W.3d 97, 105 (Tex. 2006) (citing City of San Antonio v. City of Boerne , 111 S.W.3d 22, 29 (Tex. 2003)) (stating courts should avoid construing statutes in manner that renders any part of statute meaningless or superfluous). [8] See Dishner , 162 S.W.3d at 377 ; Spiller , 21 S.W.3d at 454 ; Grossnickle , 115 S.W.3d at 252 . [9] Compare Majority opinion, p.

12010–2010
Birdo v. Holbrook green
texapp · 1989
12010–2010
Crawford v. Washington green
scotus · 2004
12008–2008
Davis v. Washington green
scotus · 2006
12008–2008
Arthur v. State green
texcrimapp · 1960
12007–2007
Finch v. State neutral
texapp · 1982
11987–1987
Fant Milling Co. v. May green
texapp · 1951
11974–1974
Miller v. Alexander green
· 1855
11967–1967
Krenek v. Epps Super Market No. 2, Inc. green
texapp · 1964
11965–1965
Cosand v. Gray Wolfe Co. neutral
texapp · 1953
11965–1965
Nail v. Wichita Falls & Southern Railroad Company green
texapp · 1956
11965–1965
Gillette Motor Transport Co. v. Whitfield green
texapp · 1942
11965–1965
Southern Pacific Company v. Hubbard green
tex · 1956
11963–1963

Where else courts name it

CA 56 (1896–2023) TX 44 (1963–2025) FL 37 (1898–2021) IL 30 (1873–2026) MI 30 (1909–2022) NY 27 (1888–2012) OH 25 (1948–2022) PA 23 (1877–2025) OR 22 (1887–2025) WA 18 (1900–2019) MO 16 (1905–2019) MD 15 (1925–2017) TN 13 (1966–2018) CT 12 (1985–2020) WI 11 (1865–2022) UT 10 (1896–2021) AL 10 (1894–2009) OK 10 (1908–1997) IN 9 (1905–2018) IA 9 (1862–2025) NM 8 (1973–2020) AK 8 (1984–2022) NC 7 (1907–2017) WV 7 (1949–2024) LA 7 (1914–2008) MA 7 (1934–2012) KY 6 (1935–2023) KS 6 (1925–2011) NJ 6 (1980–2025) NE 5 (1934–2017) CO 5 (1948–2012) NV 5 (1913–2019) GA 5 (1936–2020) AR 5 (1860–2012) ID 4 (1913–1997) RI 3 (1938–2006) AZ 3 (1990–2004) MT 3 (1955–2010) MN 3 (1977–2001) MS 3 (1988–2018) SD 3 (1981–2026) VA 2 (1994–1996) ME 2 (1956–1999) HI 2 (1966–1970) WY 2 (1921–1991)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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