personal injury claim (Ohio) · Go Syfert
← Ohio issues

personal injury claim in Ohio

42 Ohio opinions name it 3 courts 1992–2025 13 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Ohio courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (8)

CaseFollowedCited
Piterangelo v. Hudsongreen
ohioctapp · 2023 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
2 sentences

2025Pietrangelo v. Hudson, 2023-Ohio-820, ¶ 25 (8th Dist.).

2025Pietrangelo v. Hudson, 2023-Ohio-820, ¶ 25 (8th Dist.).

22
People ex rel. Ayres v. Board of State Auditorsgreen
mich · 1880 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024The General Assembly ha[d] circumvented our mandates, while attempting to establish itself as the final arbiter of the validity of its own legislation.” Id. at ¶ 96. {¶ 35} The Sheward court, in taking the extraordinary actions of the legislature into account, also placed a significant limitation on its holding: the court made clear that it w[ould] entertain an action under the public-rights exception to the personal-injury requirement only “‘“when the public injury by [the court’s] refusal [to entertain the action] w[ould] be serious.”’” (Emphasis added.) Id., 1999-Ohio-123, at ¶ 132 , quotin

2024The General Assembly ha[d] circumvented our mandates, while attempting to establish itself as the final arbiter of the validity of its own legislation.” Id. at ¶ 96. {¶ 35} The Sheward court, in taking the extraordinary actions of the legislature into account, also placed a significant limitation on its holding: the court made clear that it w[ould] entertain an action under the public-rights exception to the personal-injury requirement only “‘“when the public injury by [the court’s] refusal [to entertain the action] w[ould] be serious.”‘ ” (Emphasis added.) Id., 1999-Ohio-123 , at ¶ 132, quoti

22
Szuhay v. Zahoranskygreen
ohioctapp · 1985 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
1 sentence

2023See id. at paragraph one of the syllabus.

11
Perry v. Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc.green
ohio · 1990 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
2 sentences

2023See Corpman, 171 Ohio St. at 236-238, 169 N.E.2d 14 ; see also Perry v. Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc., 52 Ohio St.3d 168 , 556 N.E.2d 484 (1990), paragraph one of the syllabus (“The dismissal of a decedent’s personal injury claim for failure to substitute the estate as a party plaintiff pursuant to Civ.R. 25 does not affect claims for loss of consortium or wrongful death which are joined in the same action as required by Civ.R. 19.1”). {¶ 18} The McCarthys seize on this latter point and maintain that the medical-claim statute of repose operates like the statute of limitations in that it bars a

2023See Corpman, 171 Ohio St. at 236-238, 169 N.E.2d 14 ; see also Perry v. Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc., 52 Ohio St.3d 168 , 556 N.E.2d 484 (1990), paragraph one of the syllabus (“The dismissal of a decedent’s personal injury claim for failure to substitute the estate as a party plaintiff pursuant to Civ.R. 25 does not affect claims for loss of consortium or wrongful death which are joined in the same action as required by Civ.R. 19.1”). {¶ 18} The McCarthys seize on this latter point and maintain that the medical-claim statute of repose operates like the statute of limitations in that it bars a

11
Robinson v. Batesgreen
ohio · 2006 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009What are the factors they may use to consider this issue?” Robinson v. Bates, 112 Ohio St.3d 17 , 2006-Ohio-6362 , 857 N.E.2d 1195, at ¶ 31 (Lundberg Stratton, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part). {¶ 81} With the confluence in this case of a personal-injury claim arising out of an accident that was also covered by workers’ compensation, the bureau’s right of subrogation, and the majority’s decision in Robinson, which, in one decision, appears to both reaffirm the collateral-source rule in principle but eradicate it in practice, the trial court and counsel were left to guess what pat

2009What are the factors they may use to consider this issue?” Robinson v. Bates, 112 Ohio St.3d 17 , 2006-Ohio-6362 , 857 N.E.2d 1195, at ¶ 31 (Lundberg Stratton, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part). {¶ 81} With the confluence in this case of a personal-injury claim arising out of an accident that was also covered by workers’ compensation, the bureau’s right of subrogation, and the majority’s decision in Robinson, which, in one decision, appears to both reaffirm the collateral-source rule in principle but eradicate it in practice, the trial court and counsel were left to guess what pat

11
David Mello and Phyllis Mello v. K-Mart Corporationgreen
ca1 · 1986 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
11
Mello v. K-Mart Corp.green
mad · 1985 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
11
Lee v. Colorado Department of Healthgreen
colo · 1986 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Ohio. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (33)

CaseCitedYears
State ex rel. Ohio Academy of Trial Lawyers v. Sheward green
ohio · 1999
2 sentences

2022The public-right doctrine presents “an exception to the personal- injury requirement of standing.” Sheward, 86 Ohio St.3d at 503 , 715 N.E.2d 1062 .

2022The public-right doctrine presents “an exception to the personal- injury requirement of standing.” Sheward, 86 Ohio St.3d at 503 , 715 N.E.2d 1062 .

52014–2022
Disciplinary Counsel v. Keller neutral
ohio · 2006
2 sentences

2022In Disciplinary Counsel v. Keller, 110 Ohio St.3d 240 , 2006-Ohio-4354 , 852 N.E.2d 1195 , ¶ 3, Larry Wendall Keller was retained to pursue a personal-injury claim.

2022Id. at ¶ 15. {¶ 46} In Disciplinary Counsel v. Keller, the attorney was retained to pursue a personal-injury claim. 110 Ohio St.3d 240 , 2006-Ohio-4354 , 852 N.E.2d 1195 .

32009–2022
ProgressOhio.org, Inc. v. JobsOhio (Slip Opinion) green
ohio · 2014
2 sentences

2021“The public-right doctrine represents ‘an exception to the personal-injury requirement of standing.’ ” ProgressOhio.org, Inc. v. JobsOhio, 139 Ohio St.3d 520 , 2014-Ohio-2382 , 13 N.E.3d 1101, ¶ 9 , quoting State ex rel.

2021“The public-right doctrine represents ‘an exception to the personal-injury requirement of standing.’ ” ProgressOhio.org, Inc. v. JobsOhio, 139 Ohio St.3d 520 , 2014-Ohio-2382 , 13 N.E.3d 1101, ¶ 9 , quoting State ex rel.

32018–2021
May v. Tandy Corp. green
ohio · 1994
2 sentences

2001In Sorrell v. Thevenir (1994), 69 Ohio St.3d 415 , 633 N.E.2d 504 , the plaintiff, Sorrell, prevailed in a personal injury claim against defendant, Thevenir.

2001In Sorrell v. Thevenir (1994), 69 Ohio St.3d 415 , 633 N.E.2d 504 , the plaintiff, Sorrell, prevailed in a personal injury claim against defendant, Thevenir.

22001–2001
Auto-Owners Mutual Insurance v. Lewis green
ohio · 1984
2 sentences

1996Co. v. Lewis (1984), 10 Ohio St.3d 156 , 10 OBR 490, 462 N.E.2d 396 , which had held that a separate per person limit of uninsured motorist coverage must be available to provide compensation both for the personal injury claim brought by a father on his son’s behalf and for the father’s own derivative claim for the loss of his son’s services.

1996Co. v. Lewis (1984), 10 Ohio St.3d 156 , 10 OBR 490, 462 N.E.2d 396 , which had held that a separate per person limit of uninsured motorist coverage must be available to provide compensation both for the personal injury claim brought by a father on his son’s behalf and for the father’s own derivative claim for the loss of his son’s services.

21996–1996
State ex rel. Martens v. Findlay Mun. Court green
ohio · 2024
1 sentence

2025However, in a previous mandamus action brought by Martens, we expressly overruled the Sheward public- right doctrine as “contrary to our deeply rooted standing requirement and the Ohio Constitution.” Martens IV, 2024-Ohio-5667, at ¶ 3 . {¶ 19} Because Martens lacked standing to bring his mandamus action, the Third District correctly granted the city’s motion to dismiss his second amended complaint.

12025–2025
State ex rel. Ohio Academy of Trial Lawyers v. Sheward green
ohio · 1999
2 sentences

2024The General Assembly ha[d] circumvented our mandates, while attempting to establish itself as the final arbiter of the validity of its own legislation.” Id. at ¶ 96. {¶ 35} The Sheward court, in taking the extraordinary actions of the legislature into account, also placed a significant limitation on its holding: the court made clear that it w[ould] entertain an action under the public-rights exception to the personal-injury requirement only “‘“when the public injury by [the court’s] refusal [to entertain the action] w[ould] be serious.”’” (Emphasis added.) Id., 1999-Ohio-123, at ¶ 132 , quotin

2024The General Assembly ha[d] circumvented our mandates, while attempting to establish itself as the final arbiter of the validity of its own legislation.” Id. at ¶ 96. {¶ 35} The Sheward court, in taking the extraordinary actions of the legislature into account, also placed a significant limitation on its holding: the court made clear that it w[ould] entertain an action under the public-rights exception to the personal-injury requirement only “‘“when the public injury by [the court’s] refusal [to entertain the action] w[ould] be serious.”‘ ” (Emphasis added.) Id., 1999-Ohio-123 , at ¶ 132, quoti

12024–2024
Wood v. Estate of Batta, 90430 (3-27-2008) neutral
ohioctapp · 2008
1 sentence

2023Cuyahoga No. 90430, 2008-Ohio-1400, ¶ 24 , citing Wright v. Columbus, 10th Dist.

12023–2023
Kisling, Nestico & Redick, L.L.C. v. Progressive Max Ins. Co. (Slip Opinion) green
ohio · 2020
1 sentence

2020Co., Slip Opinion No. 2020-Ohio-82 .] Charging lien—Insurer who settles a personal-injury claim with an accident victim does not have a duty to distribute a portion of the settlement proceeds to the victim’s former lawyer pursuant to a charging lien.

12020–2020
Kisling, Nestico & Redick, L.L.C. v. Progressive Max Ins. Co. green
ohctapp8cuyahog · 2018
2 sentences

2020(No. 2018-0682—Submitted May 7, 2020—Decided January 16, 2020.) APPEAL from the Court of Appeals for Cuyahoga County, No. 105287, 2018-Ohio-1207 . _______________________ KENNEDY, J. {¶ 1} In this discretionary appeal from the Eighth District Court of Appeals, we consider whether an insurer who settles a personal-injury claim with an accident victim has a duty to distribute a portion of the settlement proceeds to the victim’s SUPREME COURT OF OHIO former lawyers pursuant to a charging lien.

2020(No. 2018-0682—Submitted May 7, 2020—Decided January 16, 2020.) APPEAL from the Court of Appeals for Cuyahoga County, No. 105287, 2018-Ohio-1207 . _______________________ KENNEDY, J. {¶ 1} In this discretionary appeal from the Eighth District Court of Appeals, we consider whether an insurer who settles a personal-injury claim with an accident victim has a duty to distribute a portion of the settlement proceeds to the victim’s SUPREME COURT OF OHIO former lawyers pursuant to a charging lien.

12020–2020
Haney v. Roberts green
ohioctapp · 1998
2 sentences

2019Because the tenant failed to file the compulsory counterclaim in the previous action, the court granted summary judgment in favor of the landlord. {¶7} Douglas argues that the trial court erred in relying on Civ.R. 13(A) in dismissing her complaint because the Rules of Civil of Procedure have limited 3 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS applicability to forcible entry and detainer actions, and the application of Civ.R. 13(A) in this action conflicts with Ohio’s Landlord-Tenant Act. {¶8} In support of her argument that Civ.R. 13(A) does not apply, Douglas relies on Haney v. Roberts, 130 Ohio

2019Because the tenant failed to file the compulsory counterclaim in the previous action, the court granted summary judgment in favor of the landlord. {¶7} Douglas argues that the trial court erred in relying on Civ.R. 13(A) in dismissing her complaint because the Rules of Civil of Procedure have limited 3 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS applicability to forcible entry and detainer actions, and the application of Civ.R. 13(A) in this action conflicts with Ohio’s Landlord-Tenant Act. {¶8} In support of her argument that Civ.R. 13(A) does not apply, Douglas relies on Haney v. Roberts, 130 Ohio

12019–2019
Fox & Assocs. Co. v. Purdon green
ohio · 1989
2 sentences

2018We noted earlier that the Supreme Court of Ohio held in Fox that “[w]hen an attorney is discharged by a client with or without just cause, and whether the contract between the attorney and client is express or implied, the attorney is entitled to -23- recover the reasonable value of services rendered the client prior to discharge on the basis of quantum meruit.” Fox, 44 Ohio St.3d 69 , 541 N.E.2d 448 , at syllabus. {¶ 65} In Fox, the defendant entered into a written contingency fee agreement with Fox & Associates for the filing of a personal injury claim.

2018We noted earlier that the Supreme Court of Ohio held in Fox that “[w]hen an attorney is discharged by a client with or without just cause, and whether the contract between the attorney and client is express or implied, the attorney is entitled to -23- recover the reasonable value of services rendered the client prior to discharge on the basis of quantum meruit.” Fox, 44 Ohio St.3d 69 , 541 N.E.2d 448 , at syllabus. {¶ 65} In Fox, the defendant entered into a written contingency fee agreement with Fox & Associates for the filing of a personal injury claim.

12018–2018
Stamper v. Middletown Hospital Ass'n green
ohioctapp · 1989
2 sentences

2017Assn., 65 Ohio App.3d 65, 68-69 , 582 N.E.2d 1040 (12th Dist.1989). {¶ 35} Because the facts in the record do not demonstrate that Raven’s conduct created an unreasonable risk of harm, we find that Raven’s conduct does not rise to the high standard of recklessness, but rather, is more indicative of negligence, which is insufficient to succeed on the personal injury claim herein. {¶ 36} Appellant’s sole assignment of error is overruled.

2017Assn., 65 Ohio App.3d 65, 68-69 , 582 N.E.2d 1040 (12th Dist.1989). {¶ 35} Because the facts in the record do not demonstrate that Raven’s conduct created an unreasonable risk of harm, we find that Raven’s conduct does not rise to the high standard of recklessness, but rather, is more indicative of negligence, which is insufficient to succeed on the personal injury claim herein. {¶ 36} Appellant’s sole assignment of error is overruled.

12017–2017
Ward v. Bond green
ohioctapp · 2015
1 sentence

2016Champaign No. 2015-CA-2, 2015-Ohio-4297, ¶ 8 . {¶ 27} The parties agree that the statute of limitations for a personal injury claim based on ordinary negligence is two years.

12016–2016
Sierra Club v. Morton green
scotus · 1972
1 sentence

2016The doctrine provides that "when the issues sought to be litigated are of great importance and interest to the public, they may be resolved in a form of action that involves no rights or obligations peculiar to named parties." Id. at 471 .

12016–2016
LaNeve v. Atlas Recycling, Inc. green
ohio · 2008
1 sentence

2014When the defendant is served within one year of the original complaint, "so long as the original complaint was filed prior to the expiration of the statutory time limit, 'service does not have to be made on the formerly fictitious, now identified, defendant within the statute of limitations.'" LaNeve, 119 Ohio St.3d 324 , 2008-Ohio-3921 at ¶ 12, quoting Amerine at 59 . {¶ 13} In this case, the original complaint was filed on March 2, 2012, within the two- year statute of limitations for a personal injury claim.

12014–2014
Wright v. City of Columbus, Unpublished Decision (2-21-2006) green
ohioctapp · 2006
1 sentence

2013Franklin No. 05AP-432, 2006-Ohio-759 . {¶14} While we agree that in some instances the causal nexus between an accident and the alleged injury is so clear as to obviate the need for expert testimony in a personal injury claim, such is not the case here.

12013–2013
Cleveland Bar Assn. v. Dixon green
ohio · 2002
1 sentence

2009Bar Assn. v. Kafantaris, 121 Ohio St.3d 387, 2009-Ohio-1389 , 904 N.E.2d 875 , ¶ 14, quoting Cleveland Bar Assn. v. Dixon, 95 Ohio St.3d 490 , 2002-Ohio-2490 , 769 N.E.2d 816 , ¶ 15.

12009–2009
Toledo Bar Ass'n v. Stichter green
ohio · 1985
2 sentences

2009We accept the board’s findings regarding mitigating and aggravating factors. (¶ 18} “[T]he responsibility for properly filing one’s tax returns is a responsibility that should never be taken lightly by any citizen, especially one who is licensed as an officer of the court.” Toledo Bar Assn. v. Stichter (1985), 17 Ohio St.3d 248, 249 , 17 OBR 484, 478 N.E.2d 1322 .

2009We accept the board’s findings regarding mitigating and aggravating factors. (¶ 18} “[T]he responsibility for properly filing one’s tax returns is a responsibility that should never be taken lightly by any citizen, especially one who is licensed as an officer of the court.” Toledo Bar Assn. v. Stichter (1985), 17 Ohio St.3d 248, 249 , 17 OBR 484, 478 N.E.2d 1322 .

12009–2009
Cleveland Bar Ass'n v. Dixon green
ohio · 2002
1 sentence

2009Bar Assn. v. Kafantaris, 121 Ohio St.3d 387, 2009-Ohio-1389 , 904 N.E.2d 875 , ¶ 14, quoting Cleveland Bar Assn. v. Dixon, 95 Ohio St.3d 490 , 2002-Ohio-2490 , 769 N.E.2d 816 , ¶ 15.

12009–2009
Disciplinary Counsel v. Stollings green
ohio · 2006
2 sentences

2009Moreover, though the record does not contain evidence to establish the mitigating effect of mental disability under BCGD Proc.Reg. 10(B)(2)(g), respondent asserted that she has been deeply depressed because of the death of a close relative. {¶ 10} The board relied on Toledo Bar Assn. v. Hickman, 107 Ohio St.3d 296 , 2005-Ohio-6513 , 839 N.E.2d 24 ; Disciplinary Counsel v. Keller, 110 Ohio St.3d 240 , 2006-Ohio-4354 , 852 N.E.2d 1195 ; and Disciplinary Counsel v. Stollings, 111 Ohio St.3d 155 , 2006-Ohio-5345 , 855 N.E.2d 479 , as precedent for recommending a one-year suspension with six months

2009Moreover, though the record does not contain evidence to establish the mitigating effect of mental disability under BCGD Proc.Reg. 10(B)(2)(g), respondent asserted that she has been deeply depressed because of the death of a close relative. {¶ 10} The board relied on Toledo Bar Assn. v. Hickman, 107 Ohio St.3d 296 , 2005-Ohio-6513 , 839 N.E.2d 24 ; Disciplinary Counsel v. Keller, 110 Ohio St.3d 240 , 2006-Ohio-4354 , 852 N.E.2d 1195 ; and Disciplinary Counsel v. Stollings, 111 Ohio St.3d 155 , 2006-Ohio-5345 , 855 N.E.2d 479 , as precedent for recommending a one-year suspension with six months

12009–2009
Toledo Bar Assn. v. Hickman green
ohio · 2005
2 sentences

2009Moreover, though the record does not contain evidence to establish the mitigating effect of mental disability under BCGD Proc.Reg. 10(B)(2)(g), respondent asserted that she has been deeply depressed because of the death of a close relative. {¶ 10} The board relied on Toledo Bar Assn. v. Hickman, 107 Ohio St.3d 296 , 2005-Ohio-6513 , 839 N.E.2d 24 ; Disciplinary Counsel v. Keller, 110 Ohio St.3d 240 , 2006-Ohio-4354 , 852 N.E.2d 1195 ; and Disciplinary Counsel v. Stollings, 111 Ohio St.3d 155 , 2006-Ohio-5345 , 855 N.E.2d 479 , as precedent for recommending a one-year suspension with six months

2009Moreover, though the record does not contain evidence to establish the mitigating effect of mental disability under BCGD Proc.Reg. 10(B)(2)(g), respondent asserted that she has been deeply depressed because of the death of a close relative. {¶ 10} The board relied on Toledo Bar Assn. v. Hickman, 107 Ohio St.3d 296 , 2005-Ohio-6513 , 839 N.E.2d 24 ; Disciplinary Counsel v. Keller, 110 Ohio St.3d 240 , 2006-Ohio-4354 , 852 N.E.2d 1195 ; and Disciplinary Counsel v. Stollings, 111 Ohio St.3d 155 , 2006-Ohio-5345 , 855 N.E.2d 479 , as precedent for recommending a one-year suspension with six months

12009–2009
Trumbull County Bar Ass'n v. Kafantaris green
ohio · 2009
2 sentences

2009Bar Assn. v. Kafantaris, 121 Ohio St.3d 387, 2009-Ohio-1389 , 904 N.E.2d 875 , ¶ 14, quoting Cleveland Bar Assn. v. Dixon, 95 Ohio St.3d 490 , 2002-Ohio-2490 , 769 N.E.2d 816 , ¶ 15.

2009Bar Assn. v. Kafantaris, 121 Ohio St.3d 387, 2009-Ohio-1389 , 904 N.E.2d 875 , ¶ 14, quoting Cleveland Bar Assn. v. Dixon, 95 Ohio St.3d 490 , 2002-Ohio-2490 , 769 N.E.2d 816 , ¶ 15.

12009–2009
Menifee v. Ohio Welding Products, Inc. green
ohio · 1984
2 sentences

2006Jeffers v. Olexo (1989), 43 Ohio St.3d 140 , 142-143 , 539 N.E.2d 614 ; Menifee v. Ohio Welding Products, Inc. (1984), 15 Ohio St.3d 75 , 472 N.E.2d 707 .

2006Jeffers v. Olexo (1989), 43 Ohio St.3d 140 , 142-143 , 539 N.E.2d 614 ; Menifee v. Ohio Welding Products, Inc. (1984), 15 Ohio St.3d 75 , 472 N.E.2d 707 .

12006–2006
Amerine v. Haughton Elevator Co. green
ohio · 1989
2 sentences

2006Id. at 59 , 537 N.E.2d 208 . *861 {¶ 17} The Third District applied this same reasoning in finding a personal-injury claim barred by the statute of limitations in Gates v. Precision Post (Sept. 14,1994), Marion App. No. 9-94-21, 1994 WL 514045 .

2006Id. at 59 , 537 N.E.2d 208 . *861 {¶ 17} The Third District applied this same reasoning in finding a personal-injury claim barred by the statute of limitations in Gates v. Precision Post (Sept. 14,1994), Marion App. No. 9-94-21, 1994 WL 514045 .

12006–2006
Jeffers v. Olexo green
ohio · 1989
12006–2006
In Re Schmelzer green
ohsd · 1972
12003–2003
Ross v. Ross green
ohio · 1980
12003–2003
Mussivand v. David green
ohio · 1989
12001–2001
State ex rel. Corn v. Russo green
ohio · 2001
12001–2001
Schaefer v. Allstate Insurance green
ohio · 1996
11997–1997
Preyer v. Gulf Tank & Fabricating Co., Inc. green
flnd · 1993
11995–1995
Leach v. Newport Yellow Cab, Inc. green
ohsd · 1985
11992–1992

Statutes the citing opinions construe

OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2125.02 (4) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2305.10 (3) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2305.11 (3) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 3937.18 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 114 (1979–2026) CA 86 (1953–2025) IL 82 (1912–2021) NY 76 (1962–2026) MO 62 (1967–2025) NJ 51 (1961–2025) PA 43 (1923–2026) OH 42 (1992–2025) FL 40 (1961–2026) GA 38 (1969–2024) IN 37 (1949–2026) MS 36 (1978–2026) LA 34 (1957–2020) KY 30 (1912–2025) CO 29 (1981–2025) AZ 29 (1967–2022) WA 28 (1988–2026) CT 25 (1973–2022) MN 25 (1917–2024) WI 23 (1964–2026) VA 22 (1962–2025) AL 22 (1961–2025) MD 22 (1986–2022) WV 21 (1986–2023) IA 19 (1980–2025) OR 18 (1970–2024) NC 18 (1984–2019) MA 16 (1983–2023) MI 16 (1966–2026) TN 15 (1913–2023) KS 14 (1972–2026) DE 12 (1985–2024) UT 11 (1983–2022) NE 10 (1989–2024) RI 10 (1972–2018) ND 10 (1989–2023) SC 10 (1971–2024) NM 9 (1975–2024) ME 9 (1984–2007) SD 8 (1975–2026) MT 7 (1984–2014) DC 6 (1982–2020) VT 5 (1998–2015) NH 4 (2007–2023) AR 4 (1988–2020) OK 4 (1972–2025) AK 3 (1991–2023) NV 3 (1996–2023) HI 2 (1987–2016) VI 2 (2009–2015) WY 2 (1998–2004)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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