minority rule in New York

17 New York opinions name it 6 courts 1934–2010 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New York courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (6)

Case	Followed	Cited
In re the Judicial Settlement of the Intermediate Account of Proceedings of Browngreen nysurct · 1927 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 1950–1955 2 sentences 1955(Matter of Cohn [ 187 App. Div. 392 ], supra, Hawkins v. Union Trust Co., 187 App. Div. 472 ; Matter of Goodwin, 114 Misc. 39, 44 ; Matter of Valentine, 122 Misc. 486, 488-489 ; Matter of Brown, 130 Misc. 865, 871 , mod. on other grounds 225 App. Div. 759 , mod. 252 N. Y. 366 ; Matter of Seigle, 176 Misc. 15 , mod. on other grounds, 262 App. Div. 879 , 880.) The rule requiring delivery is founded on public policy, to prevent mistakes and imposition. 1950(Matter of Cohn, supra, p. 395; Hawkins v. Union Trust Co., 187 App. Div. 472 ; Matter of Goodwin, 114 Misc. 39, 44 ; Matter of Valentine, 122 Misc. 486, 488-489 ; Matter of Brown, 130 Misc. 865, 871 , mod. on other grounds 225 App. Div. 759 , mod. 252 N. Y. 366 ; Matter of Seigle, 176 Misc. 15 , mod. on other grounds, 262 App. Div. 879 , 880.) The rule requiring delivery is founded on public policy, to prevent mistakes and imposition (Matter of Van Alstyne, 207 N. Y. 298, 308 ; Matter of Cohn, supra); it is particularly applicable to parol or verbal gifts (Matter of Brown, supra, p. 871).	1	2
In re the Judicial Settlement of the Account of Proceedings of Cohngreen nyappdiv · 1919 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 1950–1955 2 sentences 1955(Matter of Cohn [ 187 App. Div. 392 ], supra, Hawkins v. Union Trust Co., 187 App. Div. 472 ; Matter of Goodwin, 114 Misc. 39, 44 ; Matter of Valentine, 122 Misc. 486, 488-489 ; Matter of Brown, 130 Misc. 865, 871 , mod. on other grounds 225 App. Div. 759 , mod. 252 N. Y. 366 ; Matter of Seigle, 176 Misc. 15 , mod. on other grounds, 262 App. Div. 879 , 880.) The rule requiring delivery is founded on public policy, to prevent mistakes and imposition. 1950(Matter of Cohn, supra, p. 395; Hawkins v. Union Trust Co., 187 App. Div. 472 ; Matter of Goodwin, 114 Misc. 39, 44 ; Matter of Valentine, 122 Misc. 486, 488-489 ; Matter of Brown, 130 Misc. 865, 871 , mod. on other grounds 225 App. Div. 759 , mod. 252 N. Y. 366 ; Matter of Seigle, 176 Misc. 15 , mod. on other grounds, 262 App. Div. 879 , 880.) The rule requiring delivery is founded on public policy, to prevent mistakes and imposition (Matter of Van Alstyne, 207 N. Y. 298, 308 ; Matter of Cohn, supra); it is particularly applicable to parol or verbal gifts (Matter of Brown, supra, p. 871).	1	2
Viscardi v. Lernergreen nyappdiv · 1986 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010 1 sentence 2010Some Appellate Division decisions, on which the Appellate Division here relied, have applied strict privity to estate planning malpractice lawsuits commenced by the estate’s personal representative and beneficiaries alike (Deeb v Johnson, 170 AD2d 865 [3d Dept 1991]; Spivey, 138 AD2d at 564 ; Viscardi v Lerner, 125 AD2d 662, 663-664 [2d Dept 1986]; Rossi v Boehner, 116 AD2d 636 [2d Dept 1986]).	1	1
Estate of Spivey v. Pulleygreen nyappdiv · 1988 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010 2 sentences 2010Strict privity, as applied in the context of estate planning malpractice actions, is a minority rule in the United States. 1 In New York, a third party, without privity, cannot maintain a 309 claim against an attorney in professional negligence, “absent fraud, collusion, malicious acts or other special circumstances” (Estate of Spivey v Pulley, 138 AD2d 563, 564 [2d Dept 1988]). 2010*Some Appellate Division decisions, on which the Appellate Division here relied, have applied strict privity to estate planning malpractice lawsuits commenced by the estate’s personal representative and beneficiaries alike (Deeb v Johnson, 170 AD2d 865 [3d Dept 1991]; Spivey, 138 AD2d at 564 ; Viscardi v Lerner, 125 AD2d 662, 663-664 [2d Dept 1986]; Rossi v Boehner, 116 AD2d 636 [2d Dept 1986]).	1	1
Bruce v. EL Bruce Companygreen delch · 1961 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987 2 sentences 1987The rationale for limiting minority stockholders to their appraisal rights in the ordinary case, a Delaware court has noted, is "the policy of the courts * * * to permit contracting corporations to take advantage of statutory devices for corporate consolidation furnished by legislative act” (Bruce v Bruce Co., 40 Del Ch 80, 82, 174 A2d 29 , 30 [1961]), and "reasons for a merger or the business necessity behind it are not matters for judicial determination” (40 Del Ch, at 82, 174 A2d, at 30). 1987The rationale for limiting minority stockholders to their appraisal rights in the ordinary case, a Delaware court has noted, is "the policy of the courts * * * to permit contracting corporations to take advantage of statutory devices for corporate consolidation furnished by legislative act” (Bruce v Bruce Co., 40 Del Ch 80, 82, 174 A2d 29 , 30 [1961]), and "reasons for a merger or the business necessity behind it are not matters for judicial determination” (40 Del Ch, at 82, 174 A2d, at 30).	1	1
Marchant v. Mead-Morrison Manufacturing Co.green ny · 1929 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 1956–1956	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New York. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (46)

Case	Cited	Years
In re the Estate of Goodwin neutral nysurct · 1920 2 sentences 1955(Matter of Cohn [ 187 App. Div. 392 ], supra, Hawkins v. Union Trust Co., 187 App. Div. 472 ; Matter of Goodwin, 114 Misc. 39, 44 ; Matter of Valentine, 122 Misc. 486, 488-489 ; Matter of Brown, 130 Misc. 865, 871 , mod. on other grounds 225 App. Div. 759 , mod. 252 N. Y. 366 ; Matter of Seigle, 176 Misc. 15 , mod. on other grounds, 262 App. Div. 879 , 880.) The rule requiring delivery is founded on public policy, to prevent mistakes and imposition. 1950(Matter of Cohn, supra, p. 395; Hawkins v. Union Trust Co., 187 App. Div. 472 ; Matter of Goodwin, 114 Misc. 39, 44 ; Matter of Valentine, 122 Misc. 486, 488-489 ; Matter of Brown, 130 Misc. 865, 871 , mod. on other grounds 225 App. Div. 759 , mod. 252 N. Y. 366 ; Matter of Seigle, 176 Misc. 15 , mod. on other grounds, 262 App. Div. 879 , 880.) The rule requiring delivery is founded on public policy, to prevent mistakes and imposition (Matter of Van Alstyne, 207 N. Y. 298, 308 ; Matter of Cohn, supra); it is particularly applicable to parol or verbal gifts (Matter of Brown, supra, p. 871).	2	1950–1955
In re the Estate of Valentine green nysurct · 1924 2 sentences 1955(Matter of Cohn [ 187 App. Div. 392 ], supra, Hawkins v. Union Trust Co., 187 App. Div. 472 ; Matter of Goodwin, 114 Misc. 39, 44 ; Matter of Valentine, 122 Misc. 486, 488-489 ; Matter of Brown, 130 Misc. 865, 871 , mod. on other grounds 225 App. Div. 759 , mod. 252 N. Y. 366 ; Matter of Seigle, 176 Misc. 15 , mod. on other grounds, 262 App. Div. 879 , 880.) The rule requiring delivery is founded on public policy, to prevent mistakes and imposition. 1950(Matter of Cohn, supra, p. 395; Hawkins v. Union Trust Co., 187 App. Div. 472 ; Matter of Goodwin, 114 Misc. 39, 44 ; Matter of Valentine, 122 Misc. 486, 488-489 ; Matter of Brown, 130 Misc. 865, 871 , mod. on other grounds 225 App. Div. 759 , mod. 252 N. Y. 366 ; Matter of Seigle, 176 Misc. 15 , mod. on other grounds, 262 App. Div. 879 , 880.) The rule requiring delivery is founded on public policy, to prevent mistakes and imposition (Matter of Van Alstyne, 207 N. Y. 298, 308 ; Matter of Cohn, supra); it is particularly applicable to parol or verbal gifts (Matter of Brown, supra, p. 871).	2	1950–1955
In re the Estate of Seigle neutral nysurct · 1941 2 sentences 1955(Matter of Cohn [ 187 App. Div. 392 ], supra, Hawkins v. Union Trust Co., 187 App. Div. 472 ; Matter of Goodwin, 114 Misc. 39, 44 ; Matter of Valentine, 122 Misc. 486, 488-489 ; Matter of Brown, 130 Misc. 865, 871 , mod. on other grounds 225 App. Div. 759 , mod. 252 N. Y. 366 ; Matter of Seigle, 176 Misc. 15 , mod. on other grounds, 262 App. Div. 879 , 880.) The rule requiring delivery is founded on public policy, to prevent mistakes and imposition. 1950(Matter of Cohn, supra, p. 395; Hawkins v. Union Trust Co., 187 App. Div. 472 ; Matter of Goodwin, 114 Misc. 39, 44 ; Matter of Valentine, 122 Misc. 486, 488-489 ; Matter of Brown, 130 Misc. 865, 871 , mod. on other grounds 225 App. Div. 759 , mod. 252 N. Y. 366 ; Matter of Seigle, 176 Misc. 15 , mod. on other grounds, 262 App. Div. 879 , 880.) The rule requiring delivery is founded on public policy, to prevent mistakes and imposition (Matter of Van Alstyne, 207 N. Y. 298, 308 ; Matter of Cohn, supra); it is particularly applicable to parol or verbal gifts (Matter of Brown, supra, p. 871).	2	1950–1955
In Re the Accounting of Brown green ny · 1930 2 sentences 1955(Matter of Cohn [ 187 App. Div. 392 ], supra, Hawkins v. Union Trust Co., 187 App. Div. 472 ; Matter of Goodwin, 114 Misc. 39, 44 ; Matter of Valentine, 122 Misc. 486, 488-489 ; Matter of Brown, 130 Misc. 865, 871 , mod. on other grounds 225 App. Div. 759 , mod. 252 N. Y. 366 ; Matter of Seigle, 176 Misc. 15 , mod. on other grounds, 262 App. Div. 879 , 880.) The rule requiring delivery is founded on public policy, to prevent mistakes and imposition. 1950(Matter of Cohn, supra, p. 395; Hawkins v. Union Trust Co., 187 App. Div. 472 ; Matter of Goodwin, 114 Misc. 39, 44 ; Matter of Valentine, 122 Misc. 486, 488-489 ; Matter of Brown, 130 Misc. 865, 871 , mod. on other grounds 225 App. Div. 759 , mod. 252 N. Y. 366 ; Matter of Seigle, 176 Misc. 15 , mod. on other grounds, 262 App. Div. 879 , 880.) The rule requiring delivery is founded on public policy, to prevent mistakes and imposition (Matter of Van Alstyne, 207 N. Y. 298, 308 ; Matter of Cohn, supra); it is particularly applicable to parol or verbal gifts (Matter of Brown, supra, p. 871).	2	1950–1955
Hawkins v. Union Trust Co. neutral nyappdiv · 1919 2 sentences 1955(Matter of Cohn [ 187 App. Div. 392 ], supra, Hawkins v. Union Trust Co., 187 App. Div. 472 ; Matter of Goodwin, 114 Misc. 39, 44 ; Matter of Valentine, 122 Misc. 486, 488-489 ; Matter of Brown, 130 Misc. 865, 871 , mod. on other grounds 225 App. Div. 759 , mod. 252 N. Y. 366 ; Matter of Seigle, 176 Misc. 15 , mod. on other grounds, 262 App. Div. 879 , 880.) The rule requiring delivery is founded on public policy, to prevent mistakes and imposition. 1950(Matter of Cohn, supra, p. 395; Hawkins v. Union Trust Co., 187 App. Div. 472 ; Matter of Goodwin, 114 Misc. 39, 44 ; Matter of Valentine, 122 Misc. 486, 488-489 ; Matter of Brown, 130 Misc. 865, 871 , mod. on other grounds 225 App. Div. 759 , mod. 252 N. Y. 366 ; Matter of Seigle, 176 Misc. 15 , mod. on other grounds, 262 App. Div. 879 , 880.) The rule requiring delivery is founded on public policy, to prevent mistakes and imposition (Matter of Van Alstyne, 207 N. Y. 298, 308 ; Matter of Cohn, supra); it is particularly applicable to parol or verbal gifts (Matter of Brown, supra, p. 871).	2	1950–1955
In re the Judicial Settlement of the intermediate Account of Proceedings of Brown green nyappdiv · 1928 2 sentences 1955(Matter of Cohn [ 187 App. Div. 392 ], supra, Hawkins v. Union Trust Co., 187 App. Div. 472 ; Matter of Goodwin, 114 Misc. 39, 44 ; Matter of Valentine, 122 Misc. 486, 488-489 ; Matter of Brown, 130 Misc. 865, 871 , mod. on other grounds 225 App. Div. 759 , mod. 252 N. Y. 366 ; Matter of Seigle, 176 Misc. 15 , mod. on other grounds, 262 App. Div. 879 , 880.) The rule requiring delivery is founded on public policy, to prevent mistakes and imposition. 1950(Matter of Cohn, supra, p. 395; Hawkins v. Union Trust Co., 187 App. Div. 472 ; Matter of Goodwin, 114 Misc. 39, 44 ; Matter of Valentine, 122 Misc. 486, 488-489 ; Matter of Brown, 130 Misc. 865, 871 , mod. on other grounds 225 App. Div. 759 , mod. 252 N. Y. 366 ; Matter of Seigle, 176 Misc. 15 , mod. on other grounds, 262 App. Div. 879 , 880.) The rule requiring delivery is founded on public policy, to prevent mistakes and imposition (Matter of Van Alstyne, 207 N. Y. 298, 308 ; Matter of Cohn, supra); it is particularly applicable to parol or verbal gifts (Matter of Brown, supra, p. 871).	2	1950–1955
In re the Judicial Settlement of Intermediary Account & Proceedings of Seigle neutral nyappdiv · 1941 2 sentences 1955(Matter of Cohn [ 187 App. Div. 392 ], supra, Hawkins v. Union Trust Co., 187 App. Div. 472 ; Matter of Goodwin, 114 Misc. 39, 44 ; Matter of Valentine, 122 Misc. 486, 488-489 ; Matter of Brown, 130 Misc. 865, 871 , mod. on other grounds 225 App. Div. 759 , mod. 252 N. Y. 366 ; Matter of Seigle, 176 Misc. 15 , mod. on other grounds, 262 App. Div. 879 , 880.) The rule requiring delivery is founded on public policy, to prevent mistakes and imposition. 1950(Matter of Cohn, supra, p. 395; Hawkins v. Union Trust Co., 187 App. Div. 472 ; Matter of Goodwin, 114 Misc. 39, 44 ; Matter of Valentine, 122 Misc. 486, 488-489 ; Matter of Brown, 130 Misc. 865, 871 , mod. on other grounds 225 App. Div. 759 , mod. 252 N. Y. 366 ; Matter of Seigle, 176 Misc. 15 , mod. on other grounds, 262 App. Div. 879 , 880.) The rule requiring delivery is founded on public policy, to prevent mistakes and imposition (Matter of Van Alstyne, 207 N. Y. 298, 308 ; Matter of Cohn, supra); it is particularly applicable to parol or verbal gifts (Matter of Brown, supra, p. 871).	2	1950–1955
Rossi v. Boehner green nyappdiv · 1986 1 sentence 2010Some Appellate Division decisions, on which the Appellate Division here relied, have applied strict privity to estate planning malpractice lawsuits commenced by the estate’s personal representative and beneficiaries alike (Deeb v Johnson, 170 AD2d 865 [3d Dept 1991]; Spivey, 138 AD2d at 564 ; Viscardi v Lerner, 125 AD2d 662, 663-664 [2d Dept 1986]; Rossi v Boehner, 116 AD2d 636 [2d Dept 1986]).	1	2010–2010
Deeb v. Johnson green nyappdiv · 1991 1 sentence 2010Some Appellate Division decisions, on which the Appellate Division here relied, have applied strict privity to estate planning malpractice lawsuits commenced by the estate’s personal representative and beneficiaries alike (Deeb v Johnson, 170 AD2d 865 [3d Dept 1991]; Spivey, 138 AD2d at 564 ; Viscardi v Lerner, 125 AD2d 662, 663-664 [2d Dept 1986]; Rossi v Boehner, 116 AD2d 636 [2d Dept 1986]).	1	2010–2010
Delgado v. Matrix-Churchill Co. green nyappdiv · 1994 1 sentence 1997(Schumacher v Richards Shear Co., supra; Delgado v Matrix-Churchill Co., 205 AD2d 575 [2d Dept 1994].) To impose liability on a successor corporation for the tort liability of its predecessor under the product line theory, it must be shown that (1) the successor acquired the entire product line; (2) there is a "virtual destruction” of the remedy against the predecessor; (3) the successor must be able to spread the risk; and (4) the successor must benefit from the original manufacturer’s good will.	1	1997–1997
Schumacher v. Richards Shear Co. green ny · 1983 1 sentence 1997(Schumacher v Richards Shear Co., supra; Delgado v Matrix-Churchill Co., 205 AD2d 575 [2d Dept 1994].) To impose liability on a successor corporation for the tort liability of its predecessor under the product line theory, it must be shown that (1) the successor acquired the entire product line; (2) there is a "virtual destruction” of the remedy against the predecessor; (3) the successor must be able to spread the risk; and (4) the successor must benefit from the original manufacturer’s good will.	1	1997–1997
People v. Hodge green ny · 1981 1 sentence 1984In support of this claim, he relies on dicta found in People v Hodge ( 53 NY2d 313 , supra) and out-of-State decisions stating the minority rule that a defendant possesses a right to a preliminary hearing for discovery purposes (see, e.g., Ross v Sirica, 380 F2d 557 [DC Cir]; Hawkins v Superior Ct., 22 Cal 3d 584; State v Freeland, 295 Ore 367; but see, e.g., United States v Anderson, 481 F2d 685 [4th Cir]; Coleman v Burnett, All F2d 1187 [DC Cir]; United States v Daras, 462 F2d 1361 [9th Cir]; United States v Milano, 443 F2d 1022 [10th Cir]; United States v Coley, 441 F2d 1299 [5th Cir]; Scio	1	1984–1984
Walker v. Wittenberg, Delony & Davidson, Inc. green ark · 1966 1 sentence 1983The minority rule imposes liability where the contract vests in the architect extensive supervisory duties, including the right to stop the work (Swarthout v Beard, 33 Mich App 395 , revd on other grounds 388 Mich 637 ; Miller v DeWitt, 37 Ill 2d 273), whereas the majority rule refuses to find liability absent a clear assumption of duty by the architect (Day v National U. S. Radiator Corp., 241 La 288; Reber v Chandler High School Dist. #202,13 Ariz App 133; Walker v Wittenberg, Delony & Davidson, Inc., 241 Ark 525 , reh granted 242 Ark 97 ; Luterbach v Mochon, Schutte, Hackworthy, Juerisson,	1	1983–1983
Luterbach v. Mochon, Schutte, Hackworthy, Juerisson, Inc. green wis · 1978 1 sentence 1983The minority rule imposes liability where the contract vests in the architect extensive supervisory duties, including the right to stop the work (Swarthout v Beard, 33 Mich App 395 , revd on other grounds 388 Mich 637 ; Miller v DeWitt, 37 Ill 2d 273), whereas the majority rule refuses to find liability absent a clear assumption of duty by the architect (Day v National U. S. Radiator Corp., 241 La 288; Reber v Chandler High School Dist. #202,13 Ariz App 133; Walker v Wittenberg, Delony & Davidson, Inc., 241 Ark 525 , reh granted 242 Ark 97 ; Luterbach v Mochon, Schutte, Hackworthy, Juerisson,	1	1983–1983
Hamill v. Foster-Lipkins Corp. green nyappdiv · 1973 1 sentence 1983In New York, the older cases refuse to fasten liability upon the architect where his failure to properly supervise the work amounted to nothing more than nonfeasance (Potter v Gilbert, 130 App Div 632 , affd 196 NY 576 ; Clinton v Boehm, 139 App Div 73 ; Olsen v Chase Manhattan Bank, 10 AD2d 539 , affd 9 NY2d 829 ; Allen, Liabilities of Architects and Engineers to Third Parties, 22 Ark L Rev 454, 459-461; Sweet, Site Architects and Construction Workers: Brothers and Keepers or Strangers?, 28 Emory LJ 291, 317, citing Hamill v Foster-Lipkins Corp., 41 AD2d 361 ).	1	1983–1983
Potter v. . Gilbert neutral ny · 1909 1 sentence 1983In New York, the older cases refuse to fasten liability upon the architect where his failure to properly supervise the work amounted to nothing more than nonfeasance (Potter v Gilbert, 130 App Div 632 , affd 196 NY 576 ; Clinton v Boehm, 139 App Div 73 ; Olsen v Chase Manhattan Bank, 10 AD2d 539 , affd 9 NY2d 829 ; Allen, Liabilities of Architects and Engineers to Third Parties, 22 Ark L Rev 454, 459-461; Sweet, Site Architects and Construction Workers: Brothers and Keepers or Strangers?, 28 Emory LJ 291, 317, citing Hamill v Foster-Lipkins Corp., 41 AD2d 361 ).	1	1983–1983
Potter v. Gilbert neutral · 1909 1 sentence 1983In New York, the older cases refuse to fasten liability upon the architect where his failure to properly supervise the work amounted to nothing more than nonfeasance (Potter v Gilbert, 130 App Div 632 , affd 196 NY 576 ; Clinton v Boehm, 139 App Div 73 ; Olsen v Chase Manhattan Bank, 10 AD2d 539 , affd 9 NY2d 829 ; Allen, Liabilities of Architects and Engineers to Third Parties, 22 Ark L Rev 454, 459-461; Sweet, Site Architects and Construction Workers: Brothers and Keepers or Strangers?, 28 Emory LJ 291, 317, citing Hamill v Foster-Lipkins Corp., 41 AD2d 361 ).	1	1983–1983
Clinton v. Boehm green nyappdiv · 1910 1 sentence 1983In New York, the older cases refuse to fasten liability upon the architect where his failure to properly supervise the work amounted to nothing more than nonfeasance (Potter v Gilbert, 130 App Div 632 , affd 196 NY 576 ; Clinton v Boehm, 139 App Div 73 ; Olsen v Chase Manhattan Bank, 10 AD2d 539 , affd 9 NY2d 829 ; Allen, Liabilities of Architects and Engineers to Third Parties, 22 Ark L Rev 454, 459-461; Sweet, Site Architects and Construction Workers: Brothers and Keepers or Strangers?, 28 Emory LJ 291, 317, citing Hamill v Foster-Lipkins Corp., 41 AD2d 361 ).	1	1983–1983
Smith v. City of Detroit Swarthout green mich · 1972 1 sentence 1983The minority rule imposes liability where the contract vests in the architect extensive supervisory duties, including the right to stop the work (Swarthout v Beard, 33 Mich App 395 , revd on other grounds 388 Mich 637 ; Miller v DeWitt, 37 Ill 2d 273), whereas the majority rule refuses to find liability absent a clear assumption of duty by the architect (Day v National U. S. Radiator Corp., 241 La 288; Reber v Chandler High School Dist. #202,13 Ariz App 133; Walker v Wittenberg, Delony & Davidson, Inc., 241 Ark 525 , reh granted 242 Ark 97 ; Luterbach v Mochon, Schutte, Hackworthy, Juerisson,	1	1983–1983
Olsen v. Chase Manhattan Bank green nyappdiv · 1960 1 sentence 1983In New York, the older cases refuse to fasten liability upon the architect where his failure to properly supervise the work amounted to nothing more than nonfeasance (Potter v Gilbert, 130 App Div 632 , affd 196 NY 576 ; Clinton v Boehm, 139 App Div 73 ; Olsen v Chase Manhattan Bank, 10 AD2d 539 , affd 9 NY2d 829 ; Allen, Liabilities of Architects and Engineers to Third Parties, 22 Ark L Rev 454, 459-461; Sweet, Site Architects and Construction Workers: Brothers and Keepers or Strangers?, 28 Emory LJ 291, 317, citing Hamill v Foster-Lipkins Corp., 41 AD2d 361 ).	1	1983–1983
Walker v. Wittenberg, Delony & Davidson, Inc. green ark · 1967 1 sentence 1983The minority rule imposes liability where the contract vests in the architect extensive supervisory duties, including the right to stop the work (Swarthout v Beard, 33 Mich App 395 , revd on other grounds 388 Mich 637 ; Miller v DeWitt, 37 Ill 2d 273), whereas the majority rule refuses to find liability absent a clear assumption of duty by the architect (Day v National U. S. Radiator Corp., 241 La 288; Reber v Chandler High School Dist. #202,13 Ariz App 133; Walker v Wittenberg, Delony & Davidson, Inc., 241 Ark 525 , reh granted 242 Ark 97 ; Luterbach v Mochon, Schutte, Hackworthy, Juerisson,	1	1983–1983
Estate of Clark green michctapp · 1971 1 sentence 1983The minority rule imposes liability where the contract vests in the architect extensive supervisory duties, including the right to stop the work (Swarthout v Beard, 33 Mich App 395 , revd on other grounds 388 Mich 637 ; Miller v DeWitt, 37 Ill 2d 273), whereas the majority rule refuses to find liability absent a clear assumption of duty by the architect (Day v National U. S. Radiator Corp., 241 La 288; Reber v Chandler High School Dist. #202,13 Ariz App 133; Walker v Wittenberg, Delony & Davidson, Inc., 241 Ark 525 , reh granted 242 Ark 97 ; Luterbach v Mochon, Schutte, Hackworthy, Juerisson,	1	1983–1983
Olsen v. Chase Manhattan Bank green ny · 1961 1 sentence 1983In New York, the older cases refuse to fasten liability upon the architect where his failure to properly supervise the work amounted to nothing more than nonfeasance (Potter v Gilbert, 130 App Div 632 , affd 196 NY 576 ; Clinton v Boehm, 139 App Div 73 ; Olsen v Chase Manhattan Bank, 10 AD2d 539 , affd 9 NY2d 829 ; Allen, Liabilities of Architects and Engineers to Third Parties, 22 Ark L Rev 454, 459-461; Sweet, Site Architects and Construction Workers: Brothers and Keepers or Strangers?, 28 Emory LJ 291, 317, citing Hamill v Foster-Lipkins Corp., 41 AD2d 361 ).	1	1983–1983
Ginsburg v. . Von Seggern neutral ny · 1902	1	1978–1978
President of Great Western Turnpike Co. v. Shafer green nyappdiv · 1901	1	1978–1978
Tyler v. Windels green nyappdiv · 1919 1 sentence 1978Although the cases in this State have not been wholly consistent (cf. Great Western Turnpike Co. v Shafer, 57 App Div 331 , affd 172 NY 662 , which is distinguishable on its facts), 3 ** it has been generally agreed that New York follows the minority rule. 4 Thus, New York Annotations to the Restatement of the Law of Contracts (Pocket Supplement, 1933, § 198, p 95, referring to Tyler v Windels, 186 App Div 698 , and Sophie v Ford, 230 App Div 568 ), states that "[t]he New York statute does not expressly except contracts which have been fully performed on one side and the decisions do not in ge	1	1978–1978
Sophie v. Ford neutral nyappdiv · 1930 1 sentence 1978Although the cases in this State have not been wholly consistent (cf. Great Western Turnpike Co. v Shafer, 57 App Div 331 , affd 172 NY 662 , which is distinguishable on its facts), 3 ** it has been generally agreed that New York follows the minority rule. 4 Thus, New York Annotations to the Restatement of the Law of Contracts (Pocket Supplement, 1933, § 198, p 95, referring to Tyler v Windels, 186 App Div 698 , and Sophie v Ford, 230 App Div 568 ), states that "[t]he New York statute does not expressly except contracts which have been fully performed on one side and the decisions do not in ge	1	1978–1978
Broadwell v. Getman green nysupct · 1846	1	1978–1978
Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Speight green scotus · 1920	1	1975–1975
Gillet v. . Roberts green ny · 1874	1	1974–1974
Parker v. Middlebrook green conn · 1855	1	1974–1974
Barker v. Dinsmore neutral · 1872	1	1974–1974
Lovinger v. Hix Green Buick Co. green gactapp · 1964	1	1974–1974
McRae v. Bandy green ala · 1959	1	1974–1974
Hovland v. Farmers Union Elevator Co. green nd · 1936	1	1974–1974
Walker v. Occidental Life Insurance green cal · 1967	1	1972–1972
South Park Commissioners v. Trustees of Schools green ill · 1883	1	1968–1968
Ervin v. Oregon Ry. & Nav. Co. green circtsdny · 1886	1	1957–1957
Bridger v. . Goldsmith green ny · 1894	1	1956–1956
Angerosa v. White Company green ny · 1937	1	1956–1956

Where else courts name it

WA 44 (1920–2021) CA 41 (1922–2023) VT 33 (1940–2025) TN 30 (1917–2018) TX 28 (1922–2023) VA 25 (1918–2024) OR 25 (1921–2021) OK 24 (1922–2006) AZ 23 (1946–2023) MI 22 (1927–2023) AR 22 (1923–2006) CO 22 (1897–2021) MD 22 (1960–2013) IL 20 (1903–2017) AL 20 (1913–2012) NJ 20 (1950–2009) MO 20 (1928–2018) FL 19 (1943–2015) WV 19 (1910–2023) IA 19 (1926–2018) ID 19 (1932–2019) WI 17 (1928–2017) SD 17 (1918–2015) NY 17 (1934–2010) MT 16 (1917–2023) KS 16 (1904–2017) DE 16 (1950–2026) OH 15 (1923–2015) NM 15 (1916–2000) LA 15 (1933–2019) SC 14 (1932–2025) KY 13 (1923–2021) AK 13 (1979–2024) MS 13 (1930–2019) CT 11 (1924–2025) UT 10 (1924–2008) ME 9 (1956–2022) PA 9 (1942–2015) NC 9 (1945–2009) HI 8 (1961–2025) DC 8 (1970–2015) IN 8 (1947–2000) WY 7 (1954–2019) NE 7 (1961–2002) NH 7 (1930–2009) RI 7 (1970–2013) VI 6 (1986–2016) ND 5 (1954–2011) GA 5 (1933–2003) NV 5 (1921–2007) MA 4 (1959–2006) MN 3 (1985–2011) PR 3 (1947–1955) GU 2 (2023–2024)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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