minority rule (Connecticut) · Go Syfert
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minority rule in Connecticut

11 Connecticut opinions name it 3 courts 1924–2025 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Connecticut courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (9)

CaseFollowedCited
Kim Jackson v. State of Florida & Kim Jackson v. Ricky D. Dixon, etc.green
fla · 2022 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025See, e.g., United States v. Crouch, supra, 84 F.3d 1508-11; see also Jackson v. State, 347 So. 3d 292 , 306 (Fla. 2022) (rejecting balancing test under Florida law in favor of federal two-pronged test).

11
State v. Coxgreen
tenn · 2005 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
1 sentence

2010Accordingly, [the court] decline[s] to impose a requirement that the subject be informed of the right to refuse consent.” Id., 183-84; see also Henry v. State, supra, 621 P.2d 4 n.9 (adopting Schneckloth because “the formal waiver requirements appropriate in a trial setting or during custodial interrogation would unjustifiably hamper proper police investigation”).

11
State v. Hughesgreen
kan · 1886 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
1 sentence

2008See, e.g., State v. Hughes, 35 Kan. 626, 629 , 12 P. 28 (1886) (“the weight of authority and the better reason support the proposition that the acts and declarations of the parties, coupled with cohabitation, are competent evidence to go to the jury in proof of marriage”); id. (“As a general rule, the confession of a party voluntarily and deliberately made, is evidence of the highest nature against him.

11
Tabor v. Commonwealthgreen
ky · 1981 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007See State v. Tuttle, 650 N.W.2d 20, 30-31 (S.D.2002); State v. Agnello, 226 Wis.2d 164, 179-80, 182 , 593 N.W.2d 427 (1999); see also Tabor v. Commonwealth, 613 S.W.2d 133, 134 (Ky.1981) (Kentucky Rule of Criminal Procedure 9.78 requires voluntariness of confession to be established by preponderance of evidence); State v. Washington, 296 S.C. 54 , 56, 370 S.E.2d 611 (1988) (clarifying that, although state must prove voluntariness of confession beyond reasonable doubt at trial, voluntariness need only be proven by preponderance of evidence at suppression hearing).

2007See State v. Tuttle, 650 N.W.2d 20, 30-31 (S.D. 2002); State v. Agnello, 226 Wis. 2d 164, 179-80, 182 , 593 N.W.2d 427 (1999); see also Tabor v. Commonwealth, 613 S.W.2d 133, 134 (Ky. 1981) (Kentucky Rule of Criminal Procedure 9.78 requires voluntariness of confession to be established by preponderance of evidence); State v. Washington, 296 S.C. 54 , 56, 370 S.E.2d 611 (1988) (clarifying that, although state must prove voluntariness of confession beyond reasonable doubt at trial, voluntariness need only be proven by preponderance of evidence at suppression hearing).

11
State v. Agnellogreen
wis · 1999 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007See State v. Tuttle, 650 N.W.2d 20, 30-31 (S.D. 2002); State v. Agnello, 226 Wis. 2d 164, 179-80, 182 , 593 N.W.2d 427 (1999); see also Tabor v. Commonwealth, 613 S.W.2d 133, 134 (Ky. 1981) (Kentucky Rule of Criminal Procedure 9.78 requires voluntariness of confession to be established by preponderance of evidence); State v. Washington, 296 S.C. 54 , 56, 370 S.E.2d 611 (1988) (clarifying that, although state must prove voluntariness of confession beyond reasonable doubt at trial, voluntariness need only be proven by preponderance of evidence at suppression hearing).

2007See State v. Tuttle, 650 N.W.2d 20, 30-31 (S.D. 2002); State v. Agnello, 226 Wis. 2d 164, 179-80, 182 , 593 N.W.2d 427 (1999); see also Tabor v. Commonwealth, 613 S.W.2d 133, 134 (Ky. 1981) (Kentucky Rule of Criminal Procedure 9.78 requires voluntariness of confession to be established by preponderance of evidence); State v. Washington, 296 S.C. 54 , 56, 370 S.E.2d 611 (1988) (clarifying that, although state must prove voluntariness of confession beyond reasonable doubt at trial, voluntariness need only be proven by preponderance of evidence at suppression hearing).

11
State v. Tuttlegreen
sd · 2002 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007See State v. Tuttle, 650 N.W.2d 20, 30-31 (S.D.2002); State v. Agnello, 226 Wis.2d 164, 179-80, 182 , 593 N.W.2d 427 (1999); see also Tabor v. Commonwealth, 613 S.W.2d 133, 134 (Ky.1981) (Kentucky Rule of Criminal Procedure 9.78 requires voluntariness of confession to be established by preponderance of evidence); State v. Washington, 296 S.C. 54 , 56, 370 S.E.2d 611 (1988) (clarifying that, although state must prove voluntariness of confession beyond reasonable doubt at trial, voluntariness need only be proven by preponderance of evidence at suppression hearing).

2007See State v. Tuttle, 650 N.W.2d 20, 30-31 (S.D. 2002); State v. Agnello, 226 Wis. 2d 164, 179-80, 182 , 593 N.W.2d 427 (1999); see also Tabor v. Commonwealth, 613 S.W.2d 133, 134 (Ky. 1981) (Kentucky Rule of Criminal Procedure 9.78 requires voluntariness of confession to be established by preponderance of evidence); State v. Washington, 296 S.C. 54 , 56, 370 S.E.2d 611 (1988) (clarifying that, although state must prove voluntariness of confession beyond reasonable doubt at trial, voluntariness need only be proven by preponderance of evidence at suppression hearing).

11
Pietros v. Pietrosgreen
ri · 1994 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
1 sentence

1999See, e.g., In re Marriage of Johnson, 88 Cal. App. 3d 848, 852 , 152 Cal. Rptr. 121 (1979) (estopping party regardless of monetary detriment); K.A.T. v. C.A.B., 645 A.2d 570, 573-74 (D.C. App. 1994) (requiring financial detriment in order to invoke equitable estoppel doctrine); Knill v. Knill, supra, 306 Md. 538 (same); A.R. v. C.R., 411 Mass. 570, 574-75 , 583 N.E.2d 840 (1992) (finding no estoppel and declining to decide whether emotional detriment alone sufficient to uphold claim of equitable estoppel); Watts v. Watts, 115 N.H. 186, 188-89 , 337 A.2d 350 (1975) (estopping husband from denyi

11
In Re Marriage of Johnsongreen
calctapp · 1979 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
2 sentences

1999See, e.g., In re Marriage of Johnson, 88 Cal. App. 3d 848, 852 , 152 Cal. Rptr. 121 (1979) (estopping party regardless of monetary detriment); K.A.T. v. C.A.B., 645 A.2d 570, 573-74 (D.C. App. 1994) (requiring financial detriment in order to invoke equitable estoppel doctrine); Knill v. Knill, supra, 306 Md. 538 (same); A.R. v. C.R., 411 Mass. 570, 574-75 , 583 N.E.2d 840 (1992) (finding no estoppel and declining to decide whether emotional detriment alone sufficient to uphold claim of equitable estoppel); Watts v. Watts, 115 N.H. 186, 188-89 , 337 A.2d 350 (1975) (estopping husband from denyi

1999See, e.g., In re Marriage of Johnson, 88 Cal. App. 3d 848, 852 , 152 Cal. Rptr. 121 (1979) (estopping party regardless of monetary detriment); K.A.T. v. C.A.B., 645 A.2d 570, 573-74 (D.C. App. 1994) (requiring financial detriment in order to invoke equitable estoppel doctrine); Knill v. Knill, supra, 306 Md. 538 (same); A.R. v. C.R., 411 Mass. 570, 574-75 , 583 N.E.2d 840 (1992) (finding no estoppel and declining to decide whether emotional detriment alone sufficient to uphold claim of equitable estoppel); Watts v. Watts, 115 N.H. 186, 188-89 , 337 A.2d 350 (1975) (estopping husband from denyi

11
Wiese v. Wiesegreen
utah · 1985 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
1 sentence

1999See, e.g., In re Marriage of Johnson, 88 Cal. App. 3d 848, 852 , 152 Cal. Rptr. 121 (1979) (estopping party regardless of monetary detriment); K.A.T. v. C.A.B., 645 A.2d 570, 573-74 (D.C. App. 1994) (requiring financial detriment in order to invoke equitable estoppel doctrine); Knill v. Knill, supra, 306 Md. 538 (same); A.R. v. C.R., 411 Mass. 570, 574-75 , 583 N.E.2d 840 (1992) (finding no estoppel and declining to decide whether emotional detriment alone sufficient to uphold claim of equitable estoppel); Watts v. Watts, 115 N.H. 186, 188-89 , 337 A.2d 350 (1975) (estopping husband from denyi

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Connecticut. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (13)

CaseCitedYears
State v. Washington green
sc · 1988
2 sentences

2007See State v. Tuttle, 650 N.W.2d 20, 30-31 (S.D. 2002); State v. Agnello, 226 Wis. 2d 164, 179-80, 182 , 593 N.W.2d 427 (1999); see also Tabor v. Commonwealth, 613 S.W.2d 133, 134 (Ky. 1981) (Kentucky Rule of Criminal Procedure 9.78 requires voluntariness of confession to be established by preponderance of evidence); State v. Washington, 296 S.C. 54 , 56, 370 S.E.2d 611 (1988) (clarifying that, although state must prove voluntariness of confession beyond reasonable doubt at trial, voluntariness need only be proven by preponderance of evidence at suppression hearing).

2007See State v. Tuttle, 650 N.W.2d 20, 30-31 (S.D. 2002); State v. Agnello, 226 Wis. 2d 164, 179-80, 182 , 593 N.W.2d 427 (1999); see also Tabor v. Commonwealth, 613 S.W.2d 133, 134 (Ky. 1981) (Kentucky Rule of Criminal Procedure 9.78 requires voluntariness of confession to be established by preponderance of evidence); State v. Washington, 296 S.C. 54 , 56, 370 S.E.2d 611 (1988) (clarifying that, although state must prove voluntariness of confession beyond reasonable doubt at trial, voluntariness need only be proven by preponderance of evidence at suppression hearing).

12007–2007
AUDLANE LBR. & BLDRS. SUP., INC. v. DE Britt Associates, Inc. green
fladistctapp · 1964
1 sentence

2001Britt Associates, Inc., 168 So.2d 333 , 335 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App. 1964).

12001–2001
Milau Associates, Inc. v. North Avenue Development Corp. green
ny · 1977
2 sentences

2001In rejecting an implied warranty theory, the court in Milau Associates, Inc. v. North Avenue Development Corp., 368 N.E.2d 1247 (N.Y. 1977), recognized the limited reach of the minority rule: "Where courts in other jurisdictions have purported to apply an implied warranty of fitness to transactions which in essence contemplated the rendition of services, what was actually imposed was no more than a `warranty' that the performer would not act negligently. . . ." (Citations omitted.) Id., 1251 ; see also Audlan Lumber Builders Supply, Inc. v. D.E.

2001In rejecting an implied warranty theory, the court in Milau Associates, Inc. v. North Avenue Development Corp., 368 N.E.2d 1247 (N.Y. 1977), recognized the limited reach of the minority rule: "Where courts in other jurisdictions have purported to apply an implied warranty of fitness to transactions which in essence contemplated the rendition of services, what was actually imposed was no more than a `warranty' that the performer would not act negligently. . . ." (Citations omitted.) Id., 1251 ; see also Audlan Lumber Builders Supply, Inc. v. D.E.

12001–2001
Watts v. Watts green
nh · 1975
2 sentences

1999See, e.g., In re Marriage of Johnson, 88 Cal. App. 3d 848, 852 , 152 Cal. Rptr. 121 (1979) (estopping party regardless of monetary detriment); K.A.T. v. C.A.B., 645 A.2d 570, 573-74 (D.C. App. 1994) (requiring financial detriment in order to invoke equitable estoppel doctrine); Knill v. Knill, supra, 306 Md. 538 (same); A.R. v. C.R., 411 Mass. 570, 574-75 , 583 N.E.2d 840 (1992) (finding no estoppel and declining to decide whether emotional detriment alone sufficient to uphold claim of equitable estoppel); Watts v. Watts, 115 N.H. 186, 188-89 , 337 A.2d 350 (1975) (estopping husband from denyi

1999See, e.g., In re Marriage of Johnson, 88 Cal. App. 3d 848, 852 , 152 Cal. Rptr. 121 (1979) (estopping party regardless of monetary detriment); K.A.T. v. C.A.B., 645 A.2d 570, 573-74 (D.C. App. 1994) (requiring financial detriment in order to invoke equitable estoppel doctrine); Knill v. Knill, supra, 306 Md. 538 (same); A.R. v. C.R., 411 Mass. 570, 574-75 , 583 N.E.2d 840 (1992) (finding no estoppel and declining to decide whether emotional detriment alone sufficient to uphold claim of equitable estoppel); Watts v. Watts, 115 N.H. 186, 188-89 , 337 A.2d 350 (1975) (estopping husband from denyi

11999–1999
Ar v. Cr green
mass · 1992
1 sentence

1999See, e.g., In re Marriage of Johnson, 88 Cal. App. 3d 848, 852 , 152 Cal. Rptr. 121 (1979) (estopping party regardless of monetary detriment); K.A.T. v. C.A.B., 645 A.2d 570, 573-74 (D.C. App. 1994) (requiring financial detriment in order to invoke equitable estoppel doctrine); Knill v. Knill, supra, 306 Md. 538 (same); A.R. v. C.R., 411 Mass. 570, 574-75 , 583 N.E.2d 840 (1992) (finding no estoppel and declining to decide whether emotional detriment alone sufficient to uphold claim of equitable estoppel); Watts v. Watts, 115 N.H. 186, 188-89 , 337 A.2d 350 (1975) (estopping husband from denyi

11999–1999
Miller v. Miller green
nj · 1984
2 sentences

1999See, e.g., In re Marriage of Johnson, 88 Cal. App. 3d 848, 852 , 152 Cal. Rptr. 121 (1979) (estopping party regardless of monetary detriment); K.A.T. v. C.A.B., 645 A.2d 570, 573-74 (D.C. App. 1994) (requiring financial detriment in order to invoke equitable estoppel doctrine); Knill v. Knill, supra, 306 Md. 538 (same); A.R. v. C.R., 411 Mass. 570, 574-75 , 583 N.E.2d 840 (1992) (finding no estoppel and declining to decide whether emotional detriment alone sufficient to uphold claim of equitable estoppel); Watts v. Watts, 115 N.H. 186, 188-89 , 337 A.2d 350 (1975) (estopping husband from denyi

1999See, e.g., In re Marriage of Johnson, 88 Cal. App. 3d 848, 852 , 152 Cal. Rptr. 121 (1979) (estopping party regardless of monetary detriment); K.A.T. v. C.A.B., 645 A.2d 570, 573-74 (D.C. App. 1994) (requiring financial detriment in order to invoke equitable estoppel doctrine); Knill v. Knill, supra, 306 Md. 538 (same); A.R. v. C.R., 411 Mass. 570, 574-75 , 583 N.E.2d 840 (1992) (finding no estoppel and declining to decide whether emotional detriment alone sufficient to uphold claim of equitable estoppel); Watts v. Watts, 115 N.H. 186, 188-89 , 337 A.2d 350 (1975) (estopping husband from denyi

11999–1999
Royal School Laboratories, Inc. v. Town of Watertown green
ca2 · 1966
1 sentence

1992Royal School Laboratories, Inc., v. Watertown, 358 F.2d 813 , 816 (2d Cir. 1966).

11992–1992
Givens v. Berkley green
kyctapp · 1900
2 sentences

1982Givens v. Berkley, 108 Ky. 236 , 56 S.W. 158 (1900).

1982Givens v. Berkley, 108 Ky. 236 , 56 S.W. 158 (1900).

11982–1982
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan green
scotus · 1964
2 sentences

1982Connecticut followed the more liberal, albeit minority, rule extending the privilege to false statements that were made with a good faith belief in their truth and without the intent to harm one’s reputation; Charles Parker Co. v. Silver City Crystal Co., 142 Conn. 605, 615-16 , 116 A.2d 440 (1955) ; see also Prosser, Torts (4th Ed. 1971) § 118, pp. 819-20; but see 1 Harper & James, Torts § 5.26, p. 449 (characterizing minority rule as qualified privilege extending only to cases involving candidates for public office); the matter appeared to be resolved in favor of the minority rule in New Yor

1982Connecticut followed the more liberal, albeit minority, rule extending the privilege to false statements that were made with a good faith belief in their truth and without the intent to harm one’s reputation; Charles Parker Co. v. Silver City Crystal Co., 142 Conn. 605, 615-16 , 116 A.2d 440 (1955) ; see also Prosser, Torts (4th Ed. 1971) § 118, pp. 819-20; but see 1 Harper & James, Torts § 5.26, p. 449 (characterizing minority rule as qualified privilege extending only to cases involving candidates for public office); the matter appeared to be resolved in favor of the minority rule in New Yor

11982–1982
Charles Parker Co. v. Silver City Crystal Co. green
conn · 1955
2 sentences

1982Connecticut followed the more liberal, albeit minority, rule extending the privilege to false statements that were made with a good faith belief in their truth and without the intent to harm one’s reputation; Charles Parker Co. v. Silver City Crystal Co., 142 Conn. 605, 615-16 , 116 A.2d 440 (1955) ; see also Prosser, Torts (4th Ed. 1971) § 118, pp. 819-20; but see 1 Harper & James, Torts § 5.26, p. 449 (characterizing minority rule as qualified privilege extending only to cases involving candidates for public office); the matter appeared to be resolved in favor of the minority rule in New Yor

1982Connecticut followed the more liberal, albeit minority, rule extending the privilege to false statements that were made with a good faith belief in their truth and without the intent to harm one’s reputation; Charles Parker Co. v. Silver City Crystal Co., 142 Conn. 605, 615-16 , 116 A.2d 440 (1955) ; see also Prosser, Torts (4th Ed. 1971) § 118, pp. 819-20; but see 1 Harper & James, Torts § 5.26, p. 449 (characterizing minority rule as qualified privilege extending only to cases involving candidates for public office); the matter appeared to be resolved in favor of the minority rule in New Yor

11982–1982
Benner v. Atlantic Dredging Co. green
ny · 1892
2 sentences

1951This was upon the authority of Benner v. Atlantic Dredging Co., 134 N. Y. 156, 161 , 31 N. E. 328 .

1951This was upon the authority of Benner v. Atlantic Dredging Co., 134 N. Y. 156, 161 , 31 N. E. 328 .

11951–1951
Booth v. . R., W. O.T.R.R. Co. green
ny · 1893
2 sentences

1951Co., 140 N. Y. 267, 278 , 35 N. E. 592 , the leading case adhering to the minority rule, it is indicated that if the blasting had been done pursuant to a contract with the state that would be an added reason to deny absolute liability.

1951Co., 140 N. Y. 267, 278 , 35 N. E. 592 , the leading case adhering to the minority rule, it is indicated that if the blasting had been done pursuant to a contract with the state that would be an added reason to deny absolute liability.

11951–1951
Sigafus v. Porter green
scotus · 1900
2 sentences

1924That the minority rule has become the settled rule of the United States Supreme Court, Sigafus v. Porter, 179 U. S. 116 , 21 Sup. Ct. 34, and a number of the States, cannot now affect our adoption of the majority rule, since that choice rests not alone upon the great weight of authority, but upon what appears to us to be the better reason and to achieve the fairer result.

1924That the minority rule has become the settled rule of the United States Supreme Court, Sigafus v. Porter, 179 U. S. 116 , 21 Sup. Ct. 34, and a number of the States, cannot now affect our adoption of the majority rule, since that choice rests not alone upon the great weight of authority, but upon what appears to us to be the better reason and to achieve the fairer result.

11924–1924

Where else courts name it

WA 44 (1920–2021) CA 42 (1922–2025) VT 33 (1940–2025) TN 31 (1917–2020) TX 28 (1922–2023) OR 26 (1917–2021) OK 25 (1922–2006) VA 25 (1918–2024) CO 23 (1897–2021) AZ 23 (1946–2023) AR 23 (1923–2006) MI 22 (1927–2023) MD 22 (1960–2013) MO 21 (1928–2018) NJ 21 (1950–2009) AL 21 (1913–2012) IL 20 (1903–2017) ID 19 (1932–2019) IA 19 (1926–2018) FL 19 (1943–2015) WV 19 (1910–2023) WI 18 (1907–2017) NY 17 (1934–2010) SD 17 (1918–2015) KS 16 (1904–2017) DE 16 (1950–2026) LA 15 (1933–2019) MT 15 (1947–2023) NM 15 (1916–2000) MS 14 (1928–2019) OH 14 (1923–2015) SC 14 (1932–2025) AK 13 (1979–2024) KY 13 (1923–2021) CT 11 (1924–2025) UT 10 (1924–2008) NC 10 (1945–2025) WY 9 (1943–2019) ME 9 (1956–2022) HI 8 (1961–2025) DC 8 (1970–2015) IN 8 (1947–2000) PA 8 (1959–2015) RI 7 (1970–2013) NE 7 (1961–2002) NH 7 (1930–2009) VI 6 (1986–2016) ND 5 (1954–2011) NV 5 (1921–2007) GA 5 (1933–2003) MA 4 (1959–2006) PR 3 (1947–1955) MN 3 (1985–2011) GU 2 (2023–2024)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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