minority rule in Kentucky

13 Kentucky opinions name it 3 courts 1923–2021 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Kentucky courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (5)

Case	Followed	Cited
Green v. Greengreen sc · 1897 · cited in 1 Kentucky opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021 2 sentences 2021The sum paid is in no proper or just sense the proceeds of the property.” Id. (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). 3 Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure. 4 Although Spalding is not recent, it appears to still be the law in a majority of jurisdictions and has not been overruled in Kentucky. -3- In contrast, the minority rule holds that based upon the life tenant’s relationship as an implied or quasi-trustee for the remainderman, “in case of the total destruction of the insured property, the fund from the insurance policy thereon is substituted for the property, and the life tenant wi 2021The sum paid is in no proper or just sense the proceeds of the property.” Id. (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). 3 Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure. 4 Although Spalding is not recent, it appears to still be the law in a majority of jurisdictions and has not been overruled in Kentucky. -3- In contrast, the minority rule holds that based upon the life tenant’s relationship as an implied or quasi-trustee for the remainderman, “in case of the total destruction of the insured property, the fund from the insurance policy thereon is substituted for the property, and the life tenant wi	1	1
Texas Pacific Indemnity Co. v. Atlantic Richfield Co.green texapp · 1993 · cited in 1 Kentucky opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012 1 sentence 2012See Texas Farmers Insurance Co. v. Gerdes, 880 S.W.2d 215, 219 (Tex.App.Fort Worth 1994); Texas Pacific Indemnity Co. v. Atlantic Richfield, 846 S.W.2d 580, 583 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1993); Conoco, Inc. v. Republic Insurance Co., 819 F.2d 120, 124 (5th Cir.1987); and Keller Foundations, Inc. v. Wausau Underwriters Insurance Co., 626 F.3d 871 (5th Cir.2010) (applying Texas law).	1	1
Texas Farmers Insurance Co. v. Gerdes Ex Rel. Griffin Chiropractic Clinicgreen texapp · 1994 · cited in 1 Kentucky opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012 1 sentence 2012See Texas Farmers Insurance Co. v. Gerdes, 880 S.W.2d 215, 219 (Tex.App.Fort Worth 1994); Texas Pacific Indemnity Co. v. Atlantic Richfield, 846 S.W.2d 580, 583 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1993); Conoco, Inc. v. Republic Insurance Co., 819 F.2d 120, 124 (5th Cir.1987); and Keller Foundations, Inc. v. Wausau Underwriters Insurance Co., 626 F.3d 871 (5th Cir.2010) (applying Texas law).	1	1
Conoco, Inc. v. Republic Insurance Co.green ca5 · 1987 · cited in 1 Kentucky opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012 1 sentence 2012See Texas Farmers Insurance Co. v. Gerdes, 880 S.W.2d 215, 219 (Tex.App.Fort Worth 1994); Texas Pacific Indemnity Co. v. Atlantic Richfield, 846 S.W.2d 580, 583 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1993); Conoco, Inc. v. Republic Insurance Co., 819 F.2d 120, 124 (5th Cir.1987); and Keller Foundations, Inc. v. Wausau Underwriters Insurance Co., 626 F.3d 871 (5th Cir.2010) (applying Texas law).	1	1
Henderson v. Continental Casualty Companygreen kyctapphigh · 1931 · cited in 1 Kentucky opinions naming this issue, 1943–1943 2 sentences 1943A clear statement of the reasoning in support of the minority rule is contained in the ease of Foglesong v. Modern Brotherhood, 121 Mo. App. 548 , 97 S. W. 240 , which is cited and quoted from with approval in the domestic case of Henderson v. Continental Casualty Co., 239 Ky. 93 , 39 S. W. (2d) 209, 210 (which was prior to the Harris and Schrader cases, supra), as follows: “ ‘But we are unwilling to adopt such a doctrine, the effect of which would be, practically, to reduce all such contracts to nullities and to make them the instruments of extracting dues from policy holders without, creatin 1943A clear statement of the reasoning in support of the minority rule is contained in the ease of Foglesong v. Modern Brotherhood, 121 Mo. App. 548 , 97 S. W. 240 , which is cited and quoted from with approval in the domestic case of Henderson v. Continental Casualty Co., 239 Ky. 93 , 39 S. W. (2d) 209, 210 (which was prior to the Harris and Schrader cases, supra), as follows: “ ‘But we are unwilling to adopt such a doctrine, the effect of which would be, practically, to reduce all such contracts to nullities and to make them the instruments of extracting dues from policy holders without, creatin	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Kentucky. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (38)

Case	Cited	Years
Foglesong v. Modern Brotherhood of America green moctapp · 1906 2 sentences 1950In concluding that appellant was entitled to recover, the court apparently followed the rule and reasoning laid down in the foreign case of Fogleson v. Modern Brotherhood, 121 Mo. App. 548 , 97 S. W. 240 , one of the minority rule cases. 1950In concluding that appellant was entitled to recover, the court apparently followed the rule and reasoning laid down in the foreign case of Fogleson v. Modern Brotherhood, 121 Mo. App. 548 , 97 S. W. 240 , one of the minority rule cases.	2	1943–1950
Spalding v. Miller green kyctapp · 1898 1 sentence 2021The sum paid is in no proper or just sense the proceeds of the property.” Id. (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). 3 Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure. 4 Although Spalding is not recent, it appears to still be the law in a majority of jurisdictions and has not been overruled in Kentucky. -3- In contrast, the minority rule holds that based upon the life tenant’s relationship as an implied or quasi-trustee for the remainderman, “in case of the total destruction of the insured property, the fund from the insurance policy thereon is substituted for the property, and the life tenant wi	1	2021–2021
Keller Foundations, Inc. v. Wausau Underwriters Insurance green ca5 · 2010 1 sentence 2012See Texas Farmers Insurance Co. v. Gerdes, 880 S.W.2d 215, 219 (Tex.App.Fort Worth 1994); Texas Pacific Indemnity Co. v. Atlantic Richfield, 846 S.W.2d 580, 583 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1993); Conoco, Inc. v. Republic Insurance Co., 819 F.2d 120, 124 (5th Cir.1987); and Keller Foundations, Inc. v. Wausau Underwriters Insurance Co., 626 F.3d 871 (5th Cir.2010) (applying Texas law).	1	2012–2012
Rains v. Rains green colo · 1935 2 sentences 1953They are: Alabama, Bennett v. Bennett, 224 Ala. 335 , 140 So. 378 ; Arkansas, Katzenberg v. Katzenberg, 183 Ark. 626 , 37 S.W.2d 696 ; Connecticut, Kalamian v. Kalamian, 107 Conn. 86 , 139 A. 635 ; Colorado, Rains v. Rains, 97 Colo. 19 , 46 P.2d 740 ; New Hampshire, Gilman v. Gilman, 78 N.H. 4 , 95 A. 657 , L.R.A.1916B, 907; North Carolina, Roberts v. Roberts, 185 N.C. 566 , 118 S.E. 9 , 29 A.L.R. 1479 ; South Carolina, Prosser v. Prosser, 114 S.C. 45 , 102 S.E. 787 ; North Dakota, Fitzmaurice v. Fitzmaurice, 62 N.D. 191 , 242 N.W. 526 ; and Wisconsin, Fontaine v. Fontaine, 205 Wis. 570 , 238 1953They are: Alabama, Bennett v. Bennett, 224 Ala. 335 , 140 So. 378 ; Arkansas, Katzenberg v. Katzenberg, 183 Ark. 626 , 37 S.W.2d 696 ; Connecticut, Kalamian v. Kalamian, 107 Conn. 86 , 139 A. 635 ; Colorado, Rains v. Rains, 97 Colo. 19 , 46 P.2d 740 ; New Hampshire, Gilman v. Gilman, 78 N.H. 4 , 95 A. 657 , L.R.A.1916B, 907; North Carolina, Roberts v. Roberts, 185 N.C. 566 , 118 S.E. 9 , 29 A.L.R. 1479 ; South Carolina, Prosser v. Prosser, 114 S.C. 45 , 102 S.E. 787 ; North Dakota, Fitzmaurice v. Fitzmaurice, 62 N.D. 191 , 242 N.W. 526 ; and Wisconsin, Fontaine v. Fontaine, 205 Wis. 570 , 238	1	1953–1953
Kalamian v. Kalamian green conn · 1927 2 sentences 1953They are: Alabama, Bennett v. Bennett, 224 Ala. 335 , 140 So. 378 ; Arkansas, Katzenberg v. Katzenberg, 183 Ark. 626 , 37 S.W.2d 696 ; Connecticut, Kalamian v. Kalamian, 107 Conn. 86 , 139 A. 635 ; Colorado, Rains v. Rains, 97 Colo. 19 , 46 P.2d 740 ; New Hampshire, Gilman v. Gilman, 78 N.H. 4 , 95 A. 657 , L.R.A.1916B, 907; North Carolina, Roberts v. Roberts, 185 N.C. 566 , 118 S.E. 9 , 29 A.L.R. 1479 ; South Carolina, Prosser v. Prosser, 114 S.C. 45 , 102 S.E. 787 ; North Dakota, Fitzmaurice v. Fitzmaurice, 62 N.D. 191 , 242 N.W. 526 ; and Wisconsin, Fontaine v. Fontaine, 205 Wis. 570 , 238 1953They are: Alabama, Bennett v. Bennett, 224 Ala. 335 , 140 So. 378 ; Arkansas, Katzenberg v. Katzenberg, 183 Ark. 626 , 37 S.W.2d 696 ; Connecticut, Kalamian v. Kalamian, 107 Conn. 86 , 139 A. 635 ; Colorado, Rains v. Rains, 97 Colo. 19 , 46 P.2d 740 ; New Hampshire, Gilman v. Gilman, 78 N.H. 4 , 95 A. 657 , L.R.A.1916B, 907; North Carolina, Roberts v. Roberts, 185 N.C. 566 , 118 S.E. 9 , 29 A.L.R. 1479 ; South Carolina, Prosser v. Prosser, 114 S.C. 45 , 102 S.E. 787 ; North Dakota, Fitzmaurice v. Fitzmaurice, 62 N.D. 191 , 242 N.W. 526 ; and Wisconsin, Fontaine v. Fontaine, 205 Wis. 570 , 238	1	1953–1953
Brown v. Brown green conn · 1914 2 sentences 1953Four years later the doctrine of the dissenting Justices was made the basis of a direct holding in the Connecticut case of Brown v. Brown, cited above, 88 Conn, 42, 89 A. 889 , 52 L.R.A.,N.S., 185, and most of the subsequent cases which follow the minority rule have relied heavily on the dissenting opinion in the Thompson case. 1953Four years later the doctrine of the dissenting Justices was made the basis of a direct holding in the Connecticut case of Brown v. Brown, cited above, 88 Conn, 42, 89 A. 889 , 52 L.R.A.,N.S., 185, and most of the subsequent cases which follow the minority rule have relied heavily on the dissenting opinion in the Thompson case.	1	1953–1953
Thompson v. Thompson green scotus · 1910 2 sentences 1953The minority rule received its greatest ! impetus from the dissenting opinion of ; Justice Harlan, concurred in by Justices ( Holmes and Hughes, in the case of Thompson v. Thompson, 1910, 218 U.S. 611 , 31 S.Ct. 111, 114 , 54 L.Ed. 1180 , 30 L.R.A.,N.S., 1153, 21 Ann.Cas. 921. \|⅛ Their dissent was based squarely on the.wording of a District of Columbia married woman’s statute which, to our mind, is no broader than our equivalent Kentucky statute. 1953The minority rule received its greatest ! impetus from the dissenting opinion of ; Justice Harlan, concurred in by Justices ( Holmes and Hughes, in the case of Thompson v. Thompson, 1910, 218 U.S. 611 , 31 S.Ct. 111, 114 , 54 L.Ed. 1180 , 30 L.R.A.,N.S., 1153, 21 Ann.Cas. 921. \|⅛ Their dissent was based squarely on the.wording of a District of Columbia married woman’s statute which, to our mind, is no broader than our equivalent Kentucky statute.	1	1953–1953
Waterman v. Lebanon green nh · 1915 2 sentences 1953They are: Alabama, Bennett v. Bennett, 224 Ala. 335 , 140 So. 378 ; Arkansas, Katzenberg v. Katzenberg, 183 Ark. 626 , 37 S.W.2d 696 ; Connecticut, Kalamian v. Kalamian, 107 Conn. 86 , 139 A. 635 ; Colorado, Rains v. Rains, 97 Colo. 19 , 46 P.2d 740 ; New Hampshire, Gilman v. Gilman, 78 N.H. 4 , 95 A. 657 , L.R.A.1916B, 907; North Carolina, Roberts v. Roberts, 185 N.C. 566 , 118 S.E. 9 , 29 A.L.R. 1479 ; South Carolina, Prosser v. Prosser, 114 S.C. 45 , 102 S.E. 787 ; North Dakota, Fitzmaurice v. Fitzmaurice, 62 N.D. 191 , 242 N.W. 526 ; and Wisconsin, Fontaine v. Fontaine, 205 Wis. 570 , 238 1953They are: Alabama, Bennett v. Bennett, 224 Ala. 335 , 140 So. 378 ; Arkansas, Katzenberg v. Katzenberg, 183 Ark. 626 , 37 S.W.2d 696 ; Connecticut, Kalamian v. Kalamian, 107 Conn. 86 , 139 A. 635 ; Colorado, Rains v. Rains, 97 Colo. 19 , 46 P.2d 740 ; New Hampshire, Gilman v. Gilman, 78 N.H. 4 , 95 A. 657 , L.R.A. 1916B, 907 ; North Carolina, Roberts v. Roberts, 185 N.C. 566 , 118 S.E. 9 , 29 A.L.R. 1479 ; South Carolina, Prosser v. Prosser, 114 S.C. 45 , 102 S.E. 787 ; North Dakota, Fitzmaurice v. Fitzmaurice, 62 N.D. 191 , 242 N.W. 526 ; and Wisconsin, Fontaine v. Fontaine, 205 Wis. 570 , 23	1	1953–1953
Gilman v. Gilman neutral nh · 1915 2 sentences 1953They are: Alabama, Bennett v. Bennett, 224 Ala. 335 , 140 So. 378 ; Arkansas, Katzenberg v. Katzenberg, 183 Ark. 626 , 37 S.W.2d 696 ; Connecticut, Kalamian v. Kalamian, 107 Conn. 86 , 139 A. 635 ; Colorado, Rains v. Rains, 97 Colo. 19 , 46 P.2d 740 ; New Hampshire, Gilman v. Gilman, 78 N.H. 4 , 95 A. 657 , L.R.A.1916B, 907; North Carolina, Roberts v. Roberts, 185 N.C. 566 , 118 S.E. 9 , 29 A.L.R. 1479 ; South Carolina, Prosser v. Prosser, 114 S.C. 45 , 102 S.E. 787 ; North Dakota, Fitzmaurice v. Fitzmaurice, 62 N.D. 191 , 242 N.W. 526 ; and Wisconsin, Fontaine v. Fontaine, 205 Wis. 570 , 238 1953They are: Alabama, Bennett v. Bennett, 224 Ala. 335 , 140 So. 378 ; Arkansas, Katzenberg v. Katzenberg, 183 Ark. 626 , 37 S.W.2d 696 ; Connecticut, Kalamian v. Kalamian, 107 Conn. 86 , 139 A. 635 ; Colorado, Rains v. Rains, 97 Colo. 19 , 46 P.2d 740 ; New Hampshire, Gilman v. Gilman, 78 N.H. 4 , 95 A. 657 , L.R.A. 1916B, 907 ; North Carolina, Roberts v. Roberts, 185 N.C. 566 , 118 S.E. 9 , 29 A.L.R. 1479 ; South Carolina, Prosser v. Prosser, 114 S.C. 45 , 102 S.E. 787 ; North Dakota, Fitzmaurice v. Fitzmaurice, 62 N.D. 191 , 242 N.W. 526 ; and Wisconsin, Fontaine v. Fontaine, 205 Wis. 570 , 23	1	1953–1953
Roberts v. . Roberts neutral nc · 1923 2 sentences 1953They are: Alabama, Bennett v. Bennett, 224 Ala. 335 , 140 So. 378 ; Arkansas, Katzenberg v. Katzenberg, 183 Ark. 626 , 37 S.W.2d 696 ; Connecticut, Kalamian v. Kalamian, 107 Conn. 86 , 139 A. 635 ; Colorado, Rains v. Rains, 97 Colo. 19 , 46 P.2d 740 ; New Hampshire, Gilman v. Gilman, 78 N.H. 4 , 95 A. 657 , L.R.A.1916B, 907; North Carolina, Roberts v. Roberts, 185 N.C. 566 , 118 S.E. 9 , 29 A.L.R. 1479 ; South Carolina, Prosser v. Prosser, 114 S.C. 45 , 102 S.E. 787 ; North Dakota, Fitzmaurice v. Fitzmaurice, 62 N.D. 191 , 242 N.W. 526 ; and Wisconsin, Fontaine v. Fontaine, 205 Wis. 570 , 238 1953They are: Alabama, Bennett v. Bennett, 224 Ala. 335 , 140 So. 378 ; Arkansas, Katzenberg v. Katzenberg, 183 Ark. 626 , 37 S.W.2d 696 ; Connecticut, Kalamian v. Kalamian, 107 Conn. 86 , 139 A. 635 ; Colorado, Rains v. Rains, 97 Colo. 19 , 46 P.2d 740 ; New Hampshire, Gilman v. Gilman, 78 N.H. 4 , 95 A. 657 , L.R.A.1916B, 907; North Carolina, Roberts v. Roberts, 185 N.C. 566 , 118 S.E. 9 , 29 A.L.R. 1479 ; South Carolina, Prosser v. Prosser, 114 S.C. 45 , 102 S.E. 787 ; North Dakota, Fitzmaurice v. Fitzmaurice, 62 N.D. 191 , 242 N.W. 526 ; and Wisconsin, Fontaine v. Fontaine, 205 Wis. 570 , 238	1	1953–1953
Bennett v. Bennett green ala · 1932 2 sentences 1953They are: Alabama, Bennett v. Bennett, 224 Ala. 335 , 140 So. 378 ; Arkansas, Katzenberg v. Katzenberg, 183 Ark. 626 , 37 S.W.2d 696 ; Connecticut, Kalamian v. Kalamian, 107 Conn. 86 , 139 A. 635 ; Colorado, Rains v. Rains, 97 Colo. 19 , 46 P.2d 740 ; New Hampshire, Gilman v. Gilman, 78 N.H. 4 , 95 A. 657 , L.R.A.1916B, 907; North Carolina, Roberts v. Roberts, 185 N.C. 566 , 118 S.E. 9 , 29 A.L.R. 1479 ; South Carolina, Prosser v. Prosser, 114 S.C. 45 , 102 S.E. 787 ; North Dakota, Fitzmaurice v. Fitzmaurice, 62 N.D. 191 , 242 N.W. 526 ; and Wisconsin, Fontaine v. Fontaine, 205 Wis. 570 , 238 1953They are: Alabama, Bennett v. Bennett, 224 Ala. 335 , 140 So. 378 ; Arkansas, Katzenberg v. Katzenberg, 183 Ark. 626 , 37 S.W.2d 696 ; Connecticut, Kalamian v. Kalamian, 107 Conn. 86 , 139 A. 635 ; Colorado, Rains v. Rains, 97 Colo. 19 , 46 P.2d 740 ; New Hampshire, Gilman v. Gilman, 78 N.H. 4 , 95 A. 657 , L.R.A.1916B, 907; North Carolina, Roberts v. Roberts, 185 N.C. 566 , 118 S.E. 9 , 29 A.L.R. 1479 ; South Carolina, Prosser v. Prosser, 114 S.C. 45 , 102 S.E. 787 ; North Dakota, Fitzmaurice v. Fitzmaurice, 62 N.D. 191 , 242 N.W. 526 ; and Wisconsin, Fontaine v. Fontaine, 205 Wis. 570 , 238	1	1953–1953
Katzenberg v. Katzenberg green ark · 1931 2 sentences 1953They are: Alabama, Bennett v. Bennett, 224 Ala. 335 , 140 So. 378 ; Arkansas, Katzenberg v. Katzenberg, 183 Ark. 626 , 37 S.W.2d 696 ; Connecticut, Kalamian v. Kalamian, 107 Conn. 86 , 139 A. 635 ; Colorado, Rains v. Rains, 97 Colo. 19 , 46 P.2d 740 ; New Hampshire, Gilman v. Gilman, 78 N.H. 4 , 95 A. 657 , L.R.A.1916B, 907; North Carolina, Roberts v. Roberts, 185 N.C. 566 , 118 S.E. 9 , 29 A.L.R. 1479 ; South Carolina, Prosser v. Prosser, 114 S.C. 45 , 102 S.E. 787 ; North Dakota, Fitzmaurice v. Fitzmaurice, 62 N.D. 191 , 242 N.W. 526 ; and Wisconsin, Fontaine v. Fontaine, 205 Wis. 570 , 238 1953They are: Alabama, Bennett v. Bennett, 224 Ala. 335 , 140 So. 378 ; Arkansas, Katzenberg v. Katzenberg, 183 Ark. 626 , 37 S.W.2d 696 ; Connecticut, Kalamian v. Kalamian, 107 Conn. 86 , 139 A. 635 ; Colorado, Rains v. Rains, 97 Colo. 19 , 46 P.2d 740 ; New Hampshire, Gilman v. Gilman, 78 N.H. 4 , 95 A. 657 , L.R.A.1916B, 907; North Carolina, Roberts v. Roberts, 185 N.C. 566 , 118 S.E. 9 , 29 A.L.R. 1479 ; South Carolina, Prosser v. Prosser, 114 S.C. 45 , 102 S.E. 787 ; North Dakota, Fitzmaurice v. Fitzmaurice, 62 N.D. 191 , 242 N.W. 526 ; and Wisconsin, Fontaine v. Fontaine, 205 Wis. 570 , 238	1	1953–1953
Fontaine v. Fontaine green wis · 1931 2 sentences 1953They are: Alabama, Bennett v. Bennett, 224 Ala. 335 , 140 So. 378 ; Arkansas, Katzenberg v. Katzenberg, 183 Ark. 626 , 37 S.W.2d 696 ; Connecticut, Kalamian v. Kalamian, 107 Conn. 86 , 139 A. 635 ; Colorado, Rains v. Rains, 97 Colo. 19 , 46 P.2d 740 ; New Hampshire, Gilman v. Gilman, 78 N.H. 4 , 95 A. 657 , L.R.A.1916B, 907; North Carolina, Roberts v. Roberts, 185 N.C. 566 , 118 S.E. 9 , 29 A.L.R. 1479 ; South Carolina, Prosser v. Prosser, 114 S.C. 45 , 102 S.E. 787 ; North Dakota, Fitzmaurice v. Fitzmaurice, 62 N.D. 191 , 242 N.W. 526 ; and Wisconsin, Fontaine v. Fontaine, 205 Wis. 570 , 238 1953They are: Alabama, Bennett v. Bennett, 224 Ala. 335 , 140 So. 378 ; Arkansas, Katzenberg v. Katzenberg, 183 Ark. 626 , 37 S.W.2d 696 ; Connecticut, Kalamian v. Kalamian, 107 Conn. 86 , 139 A. 635 ; Colorado, Rains v. Rains, 97 Colo. 19 , 46 P.2d 740 ; New Hampshire, Gilman v. Gilman, 78 N.H. 4 , 95 A. 657 , L.R.A.1916B, 907; North Carolina, Roberts v. Roberts, 185 N.C. 566 , 118 S.E. 9 , 29 A.L.R. 1479 ; South Carolina, Prosser v. Prosser, 114 S.C. 45 , 102 S.E. 787 ; North Dakota, Fitzmaurice v. Fitzmaurice, 62 N.D. 191 , 242 N.W. 526 ; and Wisconsin, Fontaine v. Fontaine, 205 Wis. 570 , 238	1	1953–1953
Courtney v. Courtney green okla · 1938 2 sentences 1953It is said in the case of Courtney v. Courtney, 1938, 184 Okl. 395 , 87 P.2d 660 , that nine states, in addition to Oklahoma, have adopted the minority rule. 1953It is said in the case of Courtney v. Courtney, 1938, 184 Okl. 395 , 87 P.2d 660 , that nine states, in addition to Oklahoma, have adopted the minority rule.	1	1953–1953
Prosser v. Prosser green · 1920 2 sentences 1953They are: Alabama, Bennett v. Bennett, 224 Ala. 335 , 140 So. 378 ; Arkansas, Katzenberg v. Katzenberg, 183 Ark. 626 , 37 S.W.2d 696 ; Connecticut, Kalamian v. Kalamian, 107 Conn. 86 , 139 A. 635 ; Colorado, Rains v. Rains, 97 Colo. 19 , 46 P.2d 740 ; New Hampshire, Gilman v. Gilman, 78 N.H. 4 , 95 A. 657 , L.R.A.1916B, 907; North Carolina, Roberts v. Roberts, 185 N.C. 566 , 118 S.E. 9 , 29 A.L.R. 1479 ; South Carolina, Prosser v. Prosser, 114 S.C. 45 , 102 S.E. 787 ; North Dakota, Fitzmaurice v. Fitzmaurice, 62 N.D. 191 , 242 N.W. 526 ; and Wisconsin, Fontaine v. Fontaine, 205 Wis. 570 , 238 1953They are: Alabama, Bennett v. Bennett, 224 Ala. 335 , 140 So. 378 ; Arkansas, Katzenberg v. Katzenberg, 183 Ark. 626 , 37 S.W.2d 696 ; Connecticut, Kalamian v. Kalamian, 107 Conn. 86 , 139 A. 635 ; Colorado, Rains v. Rains, 97 Colo. 19 , 46 P.2d 740 ; New Hampshire, Gilman v. Gilman, 78 N.H. 4 , 95 A. 657 , L.R.A. 1916B, 907 ; North Carolina, Roberts v. Roberts, 185 N.C. 566 , 118 S.E. 9 , 29 A.L.R. 1479 ; South Carolina, Prosser v. Prosser, 114 S.C. 45 , 102 S.E. 787 ; North Dakota, Fitzmaurice v. Fitzmaurice, 62 N.D. 191 , 242 N.W. 526 ; and Wisconsin, Fontaine v. Fontaine, 205 Wis. 570 , 23	1	1953–1953
Fitzmaurice v. Fitzmaurice green nd · 1932 2 sentences 1953They are: Alabama, Bennett v. Bennett, 224 Ala. 335 , 140 So. 378 ; Arkansas, Katzenberg v. Katzenberg, 183 Ark. 626 , 37 S.W.2d 696 ; Connecticut, Kalamian v. Kalamian, 107 Conn. 86 , 139 A. 635 ; Colorado, Rains v. Rains, 97 Colo. 19 , 46 P.2d 740 ; New Hampshire, Gilman v. Gilman, 78 N.H. 4 , 95 A. 657 , L.R.A.1916B, 907; North Carolina, Roberts v. Roberts, 185 N.C. 566 , 118 S.E. 9 , 29 A.L.R. 1479 ; South Carolina, Prosser v. Prosser, 114 S.C. 45 , 102 S.E. 787 ; North Dakota, Fitzmaurice v. Fitzmaurice, 62 N.D. 191 , 242 N.W. 526 ; and Wisconsin, Fontaine v. Fontaine, 205 Wis. 570 , 238 1953They are: Alabama, Bennett v. Bennett, 224 Ala. 335 , 140 So. 378 ; Arkansas, Katzenberg v. Katzenberg, 183 Ark. 626 , 37 S.W.2d 696 ; Connecticut, Kalamian v. Kalamian, 107 Conn. 86 , 139 A. 635 ; Colorado, Rains v. Rains, 97 Colo. 19 , 46 P.2d 740 ; New Hampshire, Gilman v. Gilman, 78 N.H. 4 , 95 A. 657 , L.R.A.1916B, 907; North Carolina, Roberts v. Roberts, 185 N.C. 566 , 118 S.E. 9 , 29 A.L.R. 1479 ; South Carolina, Prosser v. Prosser, 114 S.C. 45 , 102 S.E. 787 ; North Dakota, Fitzmaurice v. Fitzmaurice, 62 N.D. 191 , 242 N.W. 526 ; and Wisconsin, Fontaine v. Fontaine, 205 Wis. 570 , 238	1	1953–1953
Fidelity & Guaranty Fire Corp. v. Silver Fleet Motor Express, Inc. green ala · 1942 2 sentences 1947We therefore agree with the Mississippi and North Carolina courts and with the Alabama court in the case of Fidelity & Guaranty Fire Corporation v. Silver Fleet Motor Express, I. & C., 242 Ala. 559 , 7 So. 2d 290 , in which it approved the rulings of the Mississippi, North Carolina and other courts. 1947We therefore agree with the Mississippi and North Carolina courts and with the Alabama court in the case of Fidelity & Guaranty Fire Corporation v. Silver Fleet Motor Express, I. & C., 242 Ala. 559 , 7 So. 2d 290 , in which it approved the rulings of the Mississippi, North Carolina and other courts.	1	1947–1947
Baker v. Town of Manitou neutral ca8 · 1921 1 sentence 1945In Baker v. Town of Manitou, Colo., supra, the Court, quoting from Peoples v. City of Valparaiso, 178 Ind. 673 , 100 N. E. 70, 71 , said: “That the ends of justice might be the better subserved by making exceptions in cases such as this, and possibly others, appears scarcely open to controversy; but the making of such exceptions is a duty solely devolving on the legislative department of our government, and courts cannot rightfully modify the terms of a statute, however meritorious such modification may appear. ’ ’ While our sentimentalities, if followed, would lead us to follow the minority r	1	1945–1945
City of Birmingham v. Weston green ala · 1937 2 sentences 1945Some of the cases adhering to the majority rule are: Miramar Co. v. City of Santa Barbara, Cal. App., 122 P. 2d 643 ; City of Birmingham v. Weston, 233 Ala. 563 , 172 So. 643 , 109 A. L. 1945Some of the cases adhering to the majority rule are: Miramar Co. v. City of Santa Barbara, Cal. App., 122 P. 2d 643 ; City of Birmingham v. Weston, 233 Ala. 563 , 172 So. 643 , 109 A. L.	1	1945–1945
Peoples v. City of Valparaiso green ind · 1912 2 sentences 1945In Baker v. Town of Manitou, Colo., supra, the Court, quoting from Peoples v. City of Valparaiso, 178 Ind. 673 , 100 N. E. 70, 71 , said: “That the ends of justice might be the better subserved by making exceptions in cases such as this, and possibly others, appears scarcely open to controversy; but the making of such exceptions is a duty solely devolving on the legislative department of our government, and courts cannot rightfully modify the terms of a statute, however meritorious such modification may appear. ’ ’ While our sentimentalities, if followed, would lead us to follow the minority r 1945In Baker v. Town of Manitou, Colo., supra, the Court, quoting from Peoples v. City of Valparaiso, 178 Ind. 673 , 100 N. E. 70, 71 , said: “That the ends of justice might be the better subserved by making exceptions in cases such as this, and possibly others, appears scarcely open to controversy; but the making of such exceptions is a duty solely devolving on the legislative department of our government, and courts cannot rightfully modify the terms of a statute, however meritorious such modification may appear. ’ ’ While our sentimentalities, if followed, would lead us to follow the minority r	1	1945–1945
Rowland v. Craig green kyctapp · 1804 1 sentence 1944Jur. secs. 541-2) it is only in cases where the appellate court concludes it had erroneously determined the law so as to constitute prejudicial error that it will review such determination, and if so inclined, depart from the rule which has been in force in this jurisdiction as far back as Rowland v. Craig et al., Sneed Ky. Dec. 330, 2 Ky. 330 .	1	1944–1944
Jones v. Connecticut General Life Insurance neutral wva · 1934 1 sentence 1943Co., 114 W.	1	1943–1943
Hetzel v. Pacific Mutual Life Insurance neutral wva · 1929 1 sentence 1943Va. 22 , 150 S. E. 385 (which is in favor of the minority rule), and the later case of Jones v. Connecticut General Life Ins.	1	1943–1943
Falconer v. Simmons green wva · 1902	1	1943–1943
McCutchen v. Pacific Mut. Life Ins. green · 1929 1 sentence 1943Co., 153 S. C. 401, 151 S. E. 67 , which may tend to support the minority rule; but, in a later decision, Moyle v. Mutual Life Ins.	1	1943–1943
Moyle v. Mutual Life Ins. Co. of N.Y. green · 1942 1 sentence 1943Co., 201 S. C. 146, 21 S. E. (2d) 561 , the same court held that to refuse to apply the language of the policy (inability to engage in any occupation) would be to reject the policy’s limitations, and that a tobacco salesman who was totally disabled to engage in that occupation could not recover if he remained able to pursue some other occupation for which he was fitted by his education, training and experience.	1	1943–1943
Brown v. Finley green ala · 1908	1	1939–1939
Hite's Devisees v. Hite's green · 1892	1	1938–1938
First National Bank v. Peltz neutral pa · 1896	1	1930–1930
Bronaugh v. Burley Tobacco Company green kyctapphigh · 1926	1	1929–1929
State v. Hanley neutral minn · 1879	1	1923–1923
Norton v. State neutral miss · 1887	1	1923–1923
Collins v. State green ga · 1901	1	1923–1923
Batty v. State neutral ga · 1901	1	1923–1923
Reeves v. State neutral ga · 1901	1	1923–1923
Edwards v. State green ga · 1905	1	1923–1923
State v. Beam neutral moctapp · 1892	1	1923–1923
Butler v. State neutral fla · 1889	1	1923–1923

Where else courts name it

WA 44 (1920–2021) CA 41 (1922–2023) VT 33 (1940–2025) TN 30 (1917–2018) TX 28 (1922–2023) VA 25 (1918–2024) OR 25 (1921–2021) OK 24 (1922–2006) AZ 23 (1946–2023) MI 22 (1927–2023) AR 22 (1923–2006) CO 22 (1897–2021) MD 22 (1960–2013) IL 20 (1903–2017) AL 20 (1913–2012) NJ 20 (1950–2009) MO 20 (1928–2018) FL 19 (1943–2015) WV 19 (1910–2023) IA 19 (1926–2018) ID 19 (1932–2019) WI 17 (1928–2017) SD 17 (1918–2015) NY 17 (1934–2010) MT 16 (1917–2023) KS 16 (1904–2017) DE 16 (1950–2026) OH 15 (1923–2015) NM 15 (1916–2000) LA 15 (1933–2019) SC 14 (1932–2025) KY 13 (1923–2021) AK 13 (1979–2024) MS 13 (1930–2019) CT 11 (1924–2025) UT 10 (1924–2008) ME 9 (1956–2022) PA 9 (1942–2015) NC 9 (1945–2009) HI 8 (1961–2025) DC 8 (1970–2015) IN 8 (1947–2000) WY 7 (1954–2019) NE 7 (1961–2002) NH 7 (1930–2009) RI 7 (1970–2013) VI 6 (1986–2016) ND 5 (1954–2011) GA 5 (1933–2003) NV 5 (1921–2007) MA 4 (1959–2006) MN 3 (1985–2011) PR 3 (1947–1955) GU 2 (2023–2024)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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