fair cross-section requirement (Arizona) · Go Syfert
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fair cross-section requirement in Arizona

11 Arizona opinions name it 2 courts 1980–2025 3 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Arizona courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (9)

CaseFollowedCited
Duren v. Missourigreen
scotus · 1979 · cited in 8 Arizona opinions naming this issue, 1980–2025
2 sentences

1998“In order to establish a prima facie violation of the fair cross-section requirement, the defendant must show (1) that the group alleged to be excluded is a ‘distinctive’ group in the community; (2) that the representation of this group in venires from which juries are selected is not fair and reasonable in relation to the number of such persons in the community; and (3) that the underrepresentation is due to systematic exclusion of the group in the jury selection process.” Duren v. Missouri, 439 U.S. 357, 364 , 99 S.Ct. 664 , 58 L.Ed.2d 579 (1979). ¶ 22 Wooten’s claims are nearly identical to

1998“In order to establish a prima facie violation of the fair cross-section requirement, the defendant must show (1) that the group alleged to be excluded is a ‘distinctive’ group in the community; (2) that the representation of this group in venires from which juries are selected is not fair and reasonable in relation to the number of such persons in the community; and (3) that the underrepresentation is due to systematic exclusion of the group in the jury selection process.” Duren v. Missouri, 439 U.S. 357, 364 , 99 S.Ct. 664 , 58 L.Ed.2d 579 (1979). ¶ 22 Wooten’s claims are nearly identical to

48
Berghuis v. Smithgreen
scotus · 2010 · cited in 1 Arizona opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
2 sentences

2023Berghuis v. Smith, 559 U.S. 314, 319 (2010). 5 STATE v. AGUILAR Decision of the Court (2) that the representation of this group in venires from which juries are selected is not fair and reasonable in relation to the number of such persons in the community; and (3) that this underrepresentation is due to systematic exclusion of the group in the jury-selection process.” Id. (quoting Duren v. Missouri, 439 U.S. 357, 364 (1979)).

2023Berghuis v. Smith, 559 U.S. 314, 319 (2010). 5 STATE v. AGUILAR Decision of the Court (2) that the representation of this group in venires from which juries are selected is not fair and reasonable in relation to the number of such persons in the community; and (3) that this underrepresentation is due to systematic exclusion of the group in the jury-selection process.” Id. (quoting Duren v. Missouri, 439 U.S. 357, 364 (1979)).

11
Commonwealth v. Manninggreen
massappct · 1996 · cited in 1 Arizona opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007Brewer v. Nix, 963 F.2d 1111 (8th Cir.1992) (Iowa law); Commonwealth v. Manning, 41 Mass.App.Ct. 696 , 673 N.E.2d 73 (1996); State v. Rogers, 355 N.C. 420 , 562 S.E.2d 859 (2002); Sellers v. State, 809 P.2d 676 (Okla.Crim.App.1991); State v. Blunt, 708 S.W.2d 415 (Tenn.Crim.App.1985); Weaver v. State, 823 S.W.2d 371 (Tex.Ct.App.1992). ¶ 17 We agree with the superior court: Stewart failed to raise a prima facie violation of the fair-cross-section requirement.

2007Brewer v. Nix, 963 F.2d 1111 (8th Cir.1992) (Iowa law); Commonwealth v. Manning, 41 Mass.App.Ct. 696 , 673 N.E.2d 73 (1996); State v. Rogers, 355 N.C. 420 , 562 S.E.2d 859 (2002); Sellers v. State, 809 P.2d 676 (Okla.Crim.App.1991); State v. Blunt, 708 S.W.2d 415 (Tenn.Crim.App.1985); Weaver v. State, 823 S.W.2d 371 (Tex.Ct.App.1992). ¶ 17 We agree with the superior court: Stewart failed to raise a prima facie violation of the fair-cross-section requirement.

11
State v. Pelicangreen
vt · 1990 · cited in 1 Arizona opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007Barber v. Ponte, 772 F.2d 982, 997 (1st Cir.1985)(en banc); Willis v. Zant, 720 F.2d 1212, 1216 (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 467 U.S. 1256 (1984); Brown v. Harris, 666 F.2d 782, 783-84 (2nd Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 948 , 102 S.Ct. 2017 , 72 L.Ed.2d 472 (1982); Commonwealth v. Manning, 41 Mass.App.Ct. 696 , 673 N.E.2d 73, 75 (1996); State v. Pelican, 154 Vt. 496 , 580 A.2d 942, 947 (1990). ¶ 16 Although age is a clearly identifiable factor, these courts have recognized that age by itself does not generate similarity in attitudes and ideas, or demonstrate a commonality in interests th

2007Barber v. Ponte, 772 F.2d 982, 997 (1st Cir.1985)(en banc); Willis v. Zant, 720 F.2d 1212, 1216 (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 467 U.S. 1256 (1984); Brown v. Harris, 666 F.2d 782, 783-84 (2nd Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 948 , 102 S.Ct. 2017 , 72 L.Ed.2d 472 (1982); Commonwealth v. Manning, 41 Mass.App.Ct. 696 , 673 N.E.2d 73, 75 (1996); State v. Pelican, 154 Vt. 496 , 580 A.2d 942, 947 (1990). ¶ 16 Although age is a clearly identifiable factor, these courts have recognized that age by itself does not generate similarity in attitudes and ideas, or demonstrate a commonality in interests th

11
James W. Brown v. David R. Harris, Superintendent, Greenhaven Correctional Facility, and Robert Abrams, Attorney General of the State of New Yorkgreen
ca2 · 1981 · cited in 1 Arizona opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
1 sentence

2007Barber v. Ponte, 772 F.2d 982, 997 (1st Cir.1985)(en banc); Willis v. Zant, 720 F.2d 1212, 1216 (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 467 U.S. 1256 (1984); Brown v. Harris, 666 F.2d 782, 783-84 (2nd Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 948 , 102 S.Ct. 2017 , 72 L.Ed.2d 472 (1982); Commonwealth v. Manning, 41 Mass.App.Ct. 696 , 673 N.E.2d 73, 75 (1996); State v. Pelican, 154 Vt. 496 , 580 A.2d 942, 947 (1990). ¶ 16 Although age is a clearly identifiable factor, these courts have recognized that age by itself does not generate similarity in attitudes and ideas, or demonstrate a commonality in interests th

11
Henry Willis, III v. Walter B. Zant, Warden, Georgia Diagnostic and Classification Centergreen
ca11 · 1983 · cited in 1 Arizona opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
1 sentence

2007Barber v. Ponte, 772 F.2d 982, 997 (1st Cir.1985)(en banc); Willis v. Zant, 720 F.2d 1212, 1216 (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 467 U.S. 1256 (1984); Brown v. Harris, 666 F.2d 782, 783-84 (2nd Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 948 , 102 S.Ct. 2017 , 72 L.Ed.2d 472 (1982); Commonwealth v. Manning, 41 Mass.App.Ct. 696 , 673 N.E.2d 73, 75 (1996); State v. Pelican, 154 Vt. 496 , 580 A.2d 942, 947 (1990). ¶ 16 Although age is a clearly identifiable factor, these courts have recognized that age by itself does not generate similarity in attitudes and ideas, or demonstrate a commonality in interests th

11
James Barber v. James Pontegreen
ca1 · 1985 · cited in 1 Arizona opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
1 sentence

2007Barber v. Ponte, 772 F.2d 982, 997 (1st Cir.1985)(en banc); Willis v. Zant, 720 F.2d 1212, 1216 (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 467 U.S. 1256 (1984); Brown v. Harris, 666 F.2d 782, 783-84 (2nd Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 948 , 102 S.Ct. 2017 , 72 L.Ed.2d 472 (1982); Commonwealth v. Manning, 41 Mass.App.Ct. 696 , 673 N.E.2d 73, 75 (1996); State v. Pelican, 154 Vt. 496 , 580 A.2d 942, 947 (1990). ¶ 16 Although age is a clearly identifiable factor, these courts have recognized that age by itself does not generate similarity in attitudes and ideas, or demonstrate a commonality in interests th

11
Charles Silagy, Cross-Appellant v. Howard Peters, Iii, Warden, Pontiac Correctional Center, Cross-Appelleegreen
ca7 · 1990 · cited in 1 Arizona opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007Id. at 1011 (internal citation omitted). ¶ 15 Other state and federal courts that have considered the fair-cross-section requirement vis-á-vis age have recognized that for a group to be distinctive under the Sixth Amendment, it must be defined and limited by some clearly identifiable factor; by a common thread or basic similarity in attitude, ideas, or experiences running through the group; or by a community of interests among the members of the group, such that the group’s interests cannot be adequately represented if the group is excluded from the jury selection process.

2007Id. at 1011 (internal citation omitted). ¶ 15 Other state and federal courts that have considered the fair-cross-section requirement vis-á-vis age have recognized that for a group to be distinctive under the Sixth Amendment, it must be defined and limited by some clearly identifiable factor; by a common thread or basic similarity in attitude, ideas, or experiences running through the group; or by a community of interests among the members of the group, such that the group’s interests cannot be adequately represented if the group is excluded from the jury selection process.

11
State v. Atwoodgreen
ariz · 1992 · cited in 1 Arizona opinions naming this issue, 1998–1998
2 sentences

1998“In order to establish a prima facie violation of the fair cross-section requirement, the defendant must show (1) that the group alleged to be excluded is a ‘distinctive’ group in the community; (2) that the representation of this group in venires from which juries are selected is not fair and reasonable in relation to the number of such persons in the community; and (3) that the underrepresentation is due to systematic exclusion of the group in the jury selection process.” Duren v. Missouri, 439 U.S. 357, 364 , 99 S.Ct. 664 , 58 L.Ed.2d 579 (1979). ¶ 22 Wooten’s claims are nearly identical to

1998“In order to establish a prima facie violation of the fair cross-section requirement, the defendant must show (1) that the group alleged to be excluded is a ‘distinctive’ group in the community; (2) that the representation of this group in venires from which juries are selected is not fair and reasonable in relation to the number of such persons in the community; and (3) that the underrepresentation is due to systematic exclusion of the group in the jury selection process.” Duren v. Missouri, 439 U.S. 357, 364 , 99 S.Ct. 664 , 58 L.Ed.2d 579 (1979). ¶ 22 Wooten’s claims are nearly identical to

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Arizona. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (11)

CaseCitedYears
Weaver v. State green
texapp · 1992
1 sentence

2007Brewer v. Nix, 963 F.2d 1111 (8th Cir.1992) (Iowa law); Commonwealth v. Manning, 41 Mass.App.Ct. 696 , 673 N.E.2d 73 (1996); State v. Rogers, 355 N.C. 420 , 562 S.E.2d 859 (2002); Sellers v. State, 809 P.2d 676 (Okla.Crim.App.1991); State v. Blunt, 708 S.W.2d 415 (Tenn.Crim.App.1985); Weaver v. State, 823 S.W.2d 371 (Tex.Ct.App.1992). ¶ 17 We agree with the superior court: Stewart failed to raise a prima facie violation of the fair-cross-section requirement.

12007–2007
Ronald Wayne Brewer v. Crispus Nix green
ca8 · 1992
1 sentence

2007Brewer v. Nix, 963 F.2d 1111 (8th Cir.1992) (Iowa law); Commonwealth v. Manning, 41 Mass.App.Ct. 696 , 673 N.E.2d 73 (1996); State v. Rogers, 355 N.C. 420 , 562 S.E.2d 859 (2002); Sellers v. State, 809 P.2d 676 (Okla.Crim.App.1991); State v. Blunt, 708 S.W.2d 415 (Tenn.Crim.App.1985); Weaver v. State, 823 S.W.2d 371 (Tex.Ct.App.1992). ¶ 17 We agree with the superior court: Stewart failed to raise a prima facie violation of the fair-cross-section requirement.

12007–2007
Sellers v. State green
oklacrimapp · 1991
1 sentence

2007Brewer v. Nix, 963 F.2d 1111 (8th Cir.1992) (Iowa law); Commonwealth v. Manning, 41 Mass.App.Ct. 696 , 673 N.E.2d 73 (1996); State v. Rogers, 355 N.C. 420 , 562 S.E.2d 859 (2002); Sellers v. State, 809 P.2d 676 (Okla.Crim.App.1991); State v. Blunt, 708 S.W.2d 415 (Tenn.Crim.App.1985); Weaver v. State, 823 S.W.2d 371 (Tex.Ct.App.1992). ¶ 17 We agree with the superior court: Stewart failed to raise a prima facie violation of the fair-cross-section requirement.

12007–2007
State v. Blunt green
tenncrimapp · 1985
1 sentence

2007Brewer v. Nix, 963 F.2d 1111 (8th Cir.1992) (Iowa law); Commonwealth v. Manning, 41 Mass.App.Ct. 696 , 673 N.E.2d 73 (1996); State v. Rogers, 355 N.C. 420 , 562 S.E.2d 859 (2002); Sellers v. State, 809 P.2d 676 (Okla.Crim.App.1991); State v. Blunt, 708 S.W.2d 415 (Tenn.Crim.App.1985); Weaver v. State, 823 S.W.2d 371 (Tex.Ct.App.1992). ¶ 17 We agree with the superior court: Stewart failed to raise a prima facie violation of the fair-cross-section requirement.

12007–2007
Artway v. Kramer green
scotus · 1982
1 sentence

2007Barber v. Ponte, 772 F.2d 982, 997 (1st Cir.1985)(en banc); Willis v. Zant, 720 F.2d 1212, 1216 (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 467 U.S. 1256 (1984); Brown v. Harris, 666 F.2d 782, 783-84 (2nd Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 948 , 102 S.Ct. 2017 , 72 L.Ed.2d 472 (1982); Commonwealth v. Manning, 41 Mass.App.Ct. 696 , 673 N.E.2d 73, 75 (1996); State v. Pelican, 154 Vt. 496 , 580 A.2d 942, 947 (1990). ¶ 16 Although age is a clearly identifiable factor, these courts have recognized that age by itself does not generate similarity in attitudes and ideas, or demonstrate a commonality in interests th

12007–2007
White v. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority green
scotus · 1982
1 sentence

2007Barber v. Ponte, 772 F.2d 982, 997 (1st Cir.1985)(en banc); Willis v. Zant, 720 F.2d 1212, 1216 (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 467 U.S. 1256 (1984); Brown v. Harris, 666 F.2d 782, 783-84 (2nd Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 948 , 102 S.Ct. 2017 , 72 L.Ed.2d 472 (1982); Commonwealth v. Manning, 41 Mass.App.Ct. 696 , 673 N.E.2d 73, 75 (1996); State v. Pelican, 154 Vt. 496 , 580 A.2d 942, 947 (1990). ¶ 16 Although age is a clearly identifiable factor, these courts have recognized that age by itself does not generate similarity in attitudes and ideas, or demonstrate a commonality in interests th

12007–2007
LaMantia v. New York green
scotus · 1982
1 sentence

2007Barber v. Ponte, 772 F.2d 982, 997 (1st Cir.1985)(en banc); Willis v. Zant, 720 F.2d 1212, 1216 (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 467 U.S. 1256 (1984); Brown v. Harris, 666 F.2d 782, 783-84 (2nd Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 948 , 102 S.Ct. 2017 , 72 L.Ed.2d 472 (1982); Commonwealth v. Manning, 41 Mass.App.Ct. 696 , 673 N.E.2d 73, 75 (1996); State v. Pelican, 154 Vt. 496 , 580 A.2d 942, 947 (1990). ¶ 16 Although age is a clearly identifiable factor, these courts have recognized that age by itself does not generate similarity in attitudes and ideas, or demonstrate a commonality in interests th

12007–2007
Hoopa Valley Tribe of Indians v. Short green
scotus · 1984
1 sentence

2007Barber v. Ponte, 772 F.2d 982, 997 (1st Cir.1985)(en banc); Willis v. Zant, 720 F.2d 1212, 1216 (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 467 U.S. 1256 (1984); Brown v. Harris, 666 F.2d 782, 783-84 (2nd Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 948 , 102 S.Ct. 2017 , 72 L.Ed.2d 472 (1982); Commonwealth v. Manning, 41 Mass.App.Ct. 696 , 673 N.E.2d 73, 75 (1996); State v. Pelican, 154 Vt. 496 , 580 A.2d 942, 947 (1990). ¶ 16 Although age is a clearly identifiable factor, these courts have recognized that age by itself does not generate similarity in attitudes and ideas, or demonstrate a commonality in interests th

12007–2007
State v. Rogers green
nc · 2002
2 sentences

2007Brewer v. Nix, 963 F.2d 1111 (8th Cir.1992) (Iowa law); Commonwealth v. Manning, 41 Mass.App.Ct. 696 , 673 N.E.2d 73 (1996); State v. Rogers, 355 N.C. 420 , 562 S.E.2d 859 (2002); Sellers v. State, 809 P.2d 676 (Okla.Crim.App.1991); State v. Blunt, 708 S.W.2d 415 (Tenn.Crim.App.1985); Weaver v. State, 823 S.W.2d 371 (Tex.Ct.App.1992). ¶ 17 We agree with the superior court: Stewart failed to raise a prima facie violation of the fair-cross-section requirement.

2007Brewer v. Nix, 963 F.2d 1111 (8th Cir.1992) (Iowa law); Commonwealth v. Manning, 41 Mass.App.Ct. 696 , 673 N.E.2d 73 (1996); State v. Rogers, 355 N.C. 420 , 562 S.E.2d 859 (2002); Sellers v. State, 809 P.2d 676 (Okla.Crim.App.1991); State v. Blunt, 708 S.W.2d 415 (Tenn.Crim.App.1985); Weaver v. State, 823 S.W.2d 371 (Tex.Ct.App.1992). ¶ 17 We agree with the superior court: Stewart failed to raise a prima facie violation of the fair-cross-section requirement.

12007–2007
Holland v. Illinois green
scotus · 1990
2 sentences

1992Indeed, that occurred in Holland v. Illinois, 493 U.S. 474 , 110 S.Ct. 803 , 107 L.Ed.2d 905 (1990) wherein the Supreme Court held that the Sixth Amendment’s fair cross-section requirement does not prevent either side from exercising its peremptory challenges in order to exclude cognizable racial or other groups from a jury which is finally empaneled as long as the venire itself is drawn from a fair cross-section of the community. 493 U.S. at 477 , 110 S.Ct. at 806 .

1992Indeed, that occurred in Holland v. Illinois, 493 U.S. 474 , 110 S.Ct. 803 , 107 L.Ed.2d 905 (1990) wherein the Supreme Court held that the Sixth Amendment’s fair cross-section requirement does not prevent either side from exercising its peremptory challenges in order to exclude cognizable racial or other groups from a jury which is finally empaneled as long as the venire itself is drawn from a fair cross-section of the community. 493 U.S. at 477 , 110 S.Ct. at 806 .

11992–1992
Castaneda v. Partida green
scotus · 1977
2 sentences

1992That is, to succeed in a fair cross-section claim, a defendant must demonstrate that the persons he asserts were excluded from the venire were members of a group that is a “recognizable, distinct class, singled out for different treatment under the laws, as written or as applied.” Castaneda, 430 U.S. at 494 , 97 S.Ct. at 1280 .

1992That is, to succeed in a fair cross-section claim, a defendant must demonstrate that the persons he asserts were excluded from the venire were members of a group that is a “recognizable, distinct class, singled out for different treatment under the laws, as written or as applied.” Castaneda, 430 U.S. at 494 , 97 S.Ct. at 1280 .

11992–1992

Statutes the citing opinions construe

AZ § Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 21-202 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

AL 79 (1982–2026) CA 75 (1976–2025) MI 49 (1982–2025) IL 43 (1981–2025) IA 42 (1989–2025) OH 41 (1982–2025) TX 41 (1987–2026) MO 39 (1978–2023) MS 33 (1988–2023) TN 31 (1980–2024) NV 29 (1986–2022) IN 26 (1979–2026) CT 25 (1979–2021) LA 17 (1980–2024) NY 17 (1976–2015) OK 14 (1987–2011) GA 14 (1975–2023) FL 14 (1977–2025) WA 14 (1987–2024) AR 13 (1989–2023) CO 13 (1984–2016) KY 12 (1978–2019) NM 12 (1981–2014) MA 11 (1980–2025) AZ 11 (1980–2025) RI 11 (1979–2021) PA 11 (1981–2022) NE 10 (1985–2022) DC 9 (1980–2025) NJ 9 (1978–2026) NC 8 (1980–1988) KS 8 (1979–2021) VA 7 (1979–2023) DE 7 (1976–2000) SC 6 (1997–2026) MN 6 (1994–2025) MD 6 (1986–2021) UT 5 (1986–1993) WV 5 (1981–2023) ND 5 (1993–2011) WI 5 (1980–2025) OR 4 (1996–2010) SD 3 (1978–2025) HI 3 (1998–2023) ME 3 (1981–2019) ID 3 (1984–1990) NH 3 (1981–2003) VT 3 (1976–1991)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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