firmly established rule in Colorado

11 Colorado opinions name it 2 courts 1898–2016 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Colorado courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (2)

Case	Followed	Cited
United Presbyterian Ass'n v. Board of County Commissionersgreen colo · 1968 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989 2 sentences 1989First, “the firmly established rule is that the presumption is against tax exemption, and the burden is on the one claiming the exemption to establish clearly his right thereto.” United Presbyterian Ass’n v. Board of County Comm’rs, 167 Colo. 485, 496 , 448 P.2d 967, 972 (1968). 1989First, “the firmly established rule is that the presumption is against tax exemption, and the burden is on the one claiming the exemption to establish clearly his right thereto.” United Presbyterian Ass’n v. Board of County Comm’rs, 167 Colo. 485, 496 , 448 P.2d 967, 972 (1968).	1	1
People v. DISTRICT COURT IN & FOR COUNTY OF LARIMERgreen colo · 1974 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 1982–1982 2 sentences 1982See, e.g., People v. District Court, 186 Colo. 335 , 527 P.2d 50 (1974) (prosecutor’s election not to consent to deferred prosecution); People v. Couch, 179 Colo. 324 , 500 P.2d 967 (1972) (election to proceed under a felony statute rather than misdemeanor statute); People v. James, 178 Colo. 401 , 497 P.2d 1256 (1972) (determination by prosecutor under which statute to prosecute); People v. McKenzie, 169 Colo. 521 , 458 P.2d 232 (1969) (election to charge defendant as a felonious possessor of marijuana rather than as a misdemean-ant user). 1982See, e.g., People v. District Court, 186 Colo. 335 , 527 P.2d 50 (1974) (prosecutor’s election not to consent to deferred prosecution); People v. Couch, 179 Colo. 324 , 500 P.2d 967 (1972) (election to proceed under a felony statute rather than misdemeanor statute); People v. James, 178 Colo. 401 , 497 P.2d 1256 (1972) (determination by prosecutor under which statute to prosecute); People v. McKenzie, 169 Colo. 521 , 458 P.2d 232 (1969) (election to charge defendant as a felonious possessor of marijuana rather than as a misdemean-ant user).	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Colorado. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (19)

Case	Cited	Years
Blakely v. Washington green scotus · 2004 2 sentences 2016Swanson, Assistant Attorney General, Denver, Colorado, for Plaintiff-Appellee Ruchi Kapoor, Alternate Defense Counsel, Lakewood, Colorado, for Defendant-Appellant ¶1 The firmly established rule from Blakely v. Washington , 542 U.S. 296 (2004), as applied to Colorado’s sentencing scheme in Lopez v. People , 113 P.3d 713 (Colo. 2005), also applies to a direct sentence to community corrections in Colorado. 2016Swanson, Assistant Attorney General, Denver, Colorado, for Plaintiff-Appellee Ruchi Kapoor, Alternate Defense Counsel, Lakewood, Colorado, for Defendant-Appellant ¶1 The firmly established rule from Blakely v. Washington , 542 U.S. 296 (2004), as applied to Colorado’s sentencing scheme in Lopez v. People , 113 P.3d 713 (Colo. 2005), also applies to a direct sentence to community corrections in Colorado.	2	2016–2016
Lopez v. People green colo · 2005 2 sentences 2016Swanson, Assistant Attorney General, Denver, Colorado, for Plaintiff-Appellee Ruchi Kapoor, Alternate Defense Counsel, Lakewood, Colorado, for Defendant-Appellant ¶1 The firmly established rule from Blakely v. Washington , 542 U.S. 296 (2004), as applied to Colorado’s sentencing scheme in Lopez v. People , 113 P.3d 713 (Colo. 2005), also applies to a direct sentence to community corrections in Colorado. 2016Swanson, Assistant Attorney General, Denver, Colorado, for Plaintiff-Appellee Ruchi Kapoor, Alternate Defense Counsel, Lakewood, Colorado, for Defendant-Appellant ¶1 The firmly established rule from Blakely v. Washington , 542 U.S. 296 (2004), as applied to Colorado’s sentencing scheme in Lopez v. People , 113 P.3d 713 (Colo. 2005), also applies to a direct sentence to community corrections in Colorado.	2	2016–2016
Cody v. Raynaud green colo · 1871 2 sentences 1898Cody v. Raynaud, 1 Colo. 272 ; Walling v. Warren, 2 Colo. 434 . 1898Cody v. Raynaud, 1 Colo. 272 ; Walling v. Warren, 2 Colo. 434 .	2	1898–1898
Walling v. Warren green colo · 1874 2 sentences 1898Cody v. Raynaud, 1 Colo. 272 ; Walling v. Warren, 2 Colo. 434 . 1898Cody v. Raynaud, 1 Colo. 272 ; Walling v. Warren, 2 Colo. 434 .	2	1898–1898
People v. District Court for County of Jefferson green colo · 1968 2 sentences 1994Id. at 264 , 439 P.2d at 747 . 1994Id. at 264 , 439 P.2d at 747 .	1	1994–1994
Kandt v. Evans green colo · 1982 2 sentences 1983The many cases enunciating this principle and its rationale are set forth in Kandt v. Evans, 645 P.2d 1300 (Colo.1982). 1983The many cases enunciating this principle and its rationale are set forth in Kandt v. Evans, 645 P.2d 1300 (Colo.1982).	1	1983–1983
People v. McKenzie green colo · 1969 2 sentences 1982See, e.g., People v. District Court, 186 Colo. 335 , 527 P.2d 50 (1974) (prosecutor’s election not to consent to deferred prosecution); People v. Couch, 179 Colo. 324 , 500 P.2d 967 (1972) (election to proceed under a felony statute rather than misdemeanor statute); People v. James, 178 Colo. 401 , 497 P.2d 1256 (1972) (determination by prosecutor under which statute to prosecute); People v. McKenzie, 169 Colo. 521 , 458 P.2d 232 (1969) (election to charge defendant as a felonious possessor of marijuana rather than as a misdemean-ant user). 1982See, e.g., People v. District Court, 186 Colo. 335 , 527 P.2d 50 (1974) (prosecutor’s election not to consent to deferred prosecution); People v. Couch, 179 Colo. 324 , 500 P.2d 967 (1972) (election to proceed under a felony statute rather than misdemeanor statute); People v. James, 178 Colo. 401 , 497 P.2d 1256 (1972) (determination by prosecutor under which statute to prosecute); People v. McKenzie, 169 Colo. 521 , 458 P.2d 232 (1969) (election to charge defendant as a felonious possessor of marijuana rather than as a misdemean-ant user).	1	1982–1982
People v. Couch green colo · 1972 2 sentences 1982See, e.g., People v. District Court, 186 Colo. 335 , 527 P.2d 50 (1974) (prosecutor’s election not to consent to deferred prosecution); People v. Couch, 179 Colo. 324 , 500 P.2d 967 (1972) (election to proceed under a felony statute rather than misdemeanor statute); People v. James, 178 Colo. 401 , 497 P.2d 1256 (1972) (determination by prosecutor under which statute to prosecute); People v. McKenzie, 169 Colo. 521 , 458 P.2d 232 (1969) (election to charge defendant as a felonious possessor of marijuana rather than as a misdemean-ant user). 1982See, e.g., People v. District Court, 186 Colo. 335 , 527 P.2d 50 (1974) (prosecutor’s election not to consent to deferred prosecution); People v. Couch, 179 Colo. 324 , 500 P.2d 967 (1972) (election to proceed under a felony statute rather than misdemeanor statute); People v. James, 178 Colo. 401 , 497 P.2d 1256 (1972) (determination by prosecutor under which statute to prosecute); People v. McKenzie, 169 Colo. 521 , 458 P.2d 232 (1969) (election to charge defendant as a felonious possessor of marijuana rather than as a misdemean-ant user).	1	1982–1982
People v. James green colo · 1972 2 sentences 1982See, e.g., People v. District Court, 186 Colo. 335 , 527 P.2d 50 (1974) (prosecutor’s election not to consent to deferred prosecution); People v. Couch, 179 Colo. 324 , 500 P.2d 967 (1972) (election to proceed under a felony statute rather than misdemeanor statute); People v. James, 178 Colo. 401 , 497 P.2d 1256 (1972) (determination by prosecutor under which statute to prosecute); People v. McKenzie, 169 Colo. 521 , 458 P.2d 232 (1969) (election to charge defendant as a felonious possessor of marijuana rather than as a misdemean-ant user). 1982See, e.g., People v. District Court, 186 Colo. 335 , 527 P.2d 50 (1974) (prosecutor’s election not to consent to deferred prosecution); People v. Couch, 179 Colo. 324 , 500 P.2d 967 (1972) (election to proceed under a felony statute rather than misdemeanor statute); People v. James, 178 Colo. 401 , 497 P.2d 1256 (1972) (determination by prosecutor under which statute to prosecute); People v. McKenzie, 169 Colo. 521 , 458 P.2d 232 (1969) (election to charge defendant as a felonious possessor of marijuana rather than as a misdemean-ant user).	1	1982–1982
Daniels v. Daniels green colo · 1886 1 sentence 1972Peercy v. Peercy, 154 Colo. 575 , 392 P.2d 609 ; Bieler v. Bieler, 130 Colo. 17 , 272 P.2d 636 ; Daniels v. Daniels, 9 Colo. 133 , 10 P. 657 .	1	1972–1972
Peercy v. Peercy green colo · 1964 2 sentences 1972Peercy v. Peercy, 154 Colo. 575 , 392 P.2d 609 ; Bieler v. Bieler, 130 Colo. 17 , 272 P.2d 636 ; Daniels v. Daniels, 9 Colo. 133 , 10 P. 657 . 1972Peercy v. Peercy, 154 Colo. 575 , 392 P.2d 609 ; Bieler v. Bieler, 130 Colo. 17 , 272 P.2d 636 ; Daniels v. Daniels, 9 Colo. 133 , 10 P. 657 .	1	1972–1972
Bieler v. Bieler green colo · 1954 2 sentences 1972Peercy v. Peercy, 154 Colo. 575 , 392 P.2d 609 ; Bieler v. Bieler, 130 Colo. 17 , 272 P.2d 636 ; Daniels v. Daniels, 9 Colo. 133 , 10 P. 657 . 1972Peercy v. Peercy, 154 Colo. 575 , 392 P.2d 609 ; Bieler v. Bieler, 130 Colo. 17 , 272 P.2d 636 ; Daniels v. Daniels, 9 Colo. 133 , 10 P. 657 .	1	1972–1972
Bedford v. Hartman Brothers green colo · 1938 2 sentences 1968Colorado v. Estate of Fisch, 153 Colo. 525 , 387 P.2d 282 ; Bedford v. Hartman Brothers, 104 Colo. 190 , 89 P.2d 584 ; Murray v. Montrose County, 28 Colo. 427 , 65 P.26; Board of County Commissioners v. Colorado Seminary, 12 Colo. 497 , 21 P.490. 1968Colorado v. Estate of Fisch, 153 Colo. 525 , 387 P.2d 282 ; Bedford v. Hartman Brothers, 104 Colo. 190 , 89 P.2d 584 ; Murray v. Montrose County, 28 Colo. 427 , 65 P.26; Board of County Commissioners v. Colorado Seminary, 12 Colo. 497 , 21 P.490.	1	1968–1968
State v. Estate of Fisch green colo · 1963 2 sentences 1968Colorado v. Estate of Fisch, 153 Colo. 525 , 387 P.2d 282 ; Bedford v. Hartman Brothers, 104 Colo. 190 , 89 P.2d 584 ; Murray v. Montrose County, 28 Colo. 427 , 65 P.26; Board of County Commissioners v. Colorado Seminary, 12 Colo. 497 , 21 P.490. 1968Colorado v. Estate of Fisch, 153 Colo. 525 , 387 P.2d 282 ; Bedford v. Hartman Brothers, 104 Colo. 190 , 89 P.2d 584 ; Murray v. Montrose County, 28 Colo. 427 , 65 P.26; Board of County Commissioners v. Colorado Seminary, 12 Colo. 497 , 21 P.490.	1	1968–1968
County Commissioners v. Colorado Seminary green colo · 1889 1 sentence 1968Colorado v. Estate of Fisch, 153 Colo. 525 , 387 P.2d 282 ; Bedford v. Hartman Brothers, 104 Colo. 190 , 89 P.2d 584 ; Murray v. Montrose County, 28 Colo. 427 , 65 P.26; Board of County Commissioners v. Colorado Seminary, 12 Colo. 497 , 21 P.490.	1	1968–1968
Murray v. Board of County Commissioners neutral colo · 1901 1 sentence 1968Colorado v. Estate of Fisch, 153 Colo. 525 , 387 P.2d 282 ; Bedford v. Hartman Brothers, 104 Colo. 190 , 89 P.2d 584 ; Murray v. Montrose County, 28 Colo. 427 , 65 P.26; Board of County Commissioners v. Colorado Seminary, 12 Colo. 497 , 21 P.490.	1	1968–1968
In re Appropriations by General Assembly green · 1889 1 sentence 1900It is now the firmly established doctrine in this jurisdiction, first enunciated in In re Appropriations, 13 Colo. 316 , that the necessary appropriations to' defray the expenses of the executive, legislative, and judicial departments of the state governments for each fiscal year, including interest on any valid public debt, are entitled to preference over any other appropriations from the public revenues of the state, without reference to the date of the passage of the acts of the general assembly by which they are made.	1	1900–1900
Henderson v. People ex rel. Wingate neutral colo · 1892 1 sentence 1900Approving these principles are the subsequent cases of Henderson v. The People, 17 Colo. 587 ; Institute v. Henderson, 18 Colo, 98; Goodykoontz v. The People, 20 Colo. 374 .	1	1900–1900
Goodykoontz v. People ex rel. Sawyer neutral colo · 1894 1 sentence 1900Approving these principles are the subsequent cases of Henderson v. The People, 17 Colo. 587 ; Institute v. Henderson, 18 Colo, 98; Goodykoontz v. The People, 20 Colo. 374 .	1	1900–1900

Statutes the citing opinions construe

CO § Colo. Rev. Stat. § 18-1-105 (3) CO § Colo. Rev. Stat. § 18-3-202 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 78 (1917–2026) NY 64 (1894–2019) IL 48 (1895–2026) MO 38 (1871–2023) MD 36 (1911–2008) PA 35 (1905–2018) FL 28 (1893–2017) TX 27 (1912–2026) KY 26 (1927–2023) IN 23 (1885–2020) KS 20 (1889–2006) OR 20 (1915–2024) NJ 19 (1938–2019) VA 19 (1836–2017) NE 15 (1883–2000) LA 15 (1942–2013) WV 15 (1913–2016) TN 14 (1871–2012) IA 14 (1925–2024) MS 14 (1880–2009) WA 13 (1925–2016) NC 13 (1913–1986) CT 13 (1890–2006) MI 12 (1966–2018) AL 12 (1914–2007) CO 11 (1898–2016) MA 11 (1944–2026) AZ 10 (1945–2018) WI 9 (1909–2000) GA 9 (1900–2012) ME 9 (1912–2019) MN 8 (1916–2007) SC 7 (1936–2004) RI 6 (1987–2019) ID 6 (1916–2002) AR 6 (1971–2016) DC 6 (1984–2010) MT 5 (1953–2005) VT 4 (1978–2020) NM 4 (1958–2025) OH 4 (1964–2020) WY 3 (1977–1999) HI 3 (1933–2007) OK 3 (1953–1989) AK 3 (1999–2024) NV 3 (1875–1989) ND 2 (1949–1968) SD 2 (1991–1995) NH 2 (1992–2013)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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