inevitable discovery rule in West Virginia

11 West Virginia opinions name it 2 courts 2002–2024 2 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by West Virginia courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (47)

Case	Followed	Cited
United States v. Angel Antonio Mendezgreen ca2 · 2002 · cited in 2 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015 2 sentences 2015Thus, the evidence was properly admitted under the inevitable discovery exception to the exclusionary rule.” Id. 5 In United States v. Cartwright, 630 F.3d 610 (7th Cir. 2010), which is more factually similar to the case at bar, the defendant was stopped for failure to have an illuminated rear license plate. 2015Thus, the evidence was properly admitted under the inevitable discovery exception to the exclusionary rule.” Id.	2	2
State v. Hattongreen minnctapp · 1986 · cited in 2 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2024 2 sentences 2024Va. 587 , 599, 814 S.E.2d 250, 262 (2018) (citing State v. Hatton, 389 N.W.2d 229 (Minn. Ct. App. 1986)) (the application of the inevitable discovery exception to the exclusionary rule as advocated would “swallow” the entire Fourth Amendment and render its protections meaningless). 2002See United States v. Conner, 127 F.3d 663, 667 (8th Cir.1997); United States v. Cabassa, 62 F.3d 470, 473 (2d Cir.1995); United States v. Six Hundred Thirty-Nine Thousand Five Hundred and Fifty-Eight Dollars, 955 F.2d 712, 720-721 (D.C.Cir.1992); United States v. Lamas, 930 F.2d 1099, 1101 (5th Cir.1991); United States v. Terzado-Madruga, 897 F.2d 1099, 1114 (11th Cir.1990); People v. Diaz, 53 P.3d 1171, 1176 (Colo.2002); State v. Anderson, 67 Conn.App. 436 , 787 A.2d 601, 606 (2001); State v. Harris, 642 A.2d 1242, 1251 (Del.1993); Taylor v. State, 274 Ga. 269 , 553 S.E.2d 598, 604 (2001); Pe	1	2
State of West Virginia v. Cortez L. Barefieldgreen wva · 2018 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024 1 sentence 2024Va. 587 , 599, 814 S.E.2d 250, 262 (2018) (citing State v. Hatton, 389 N.W.2d 229 (Minn. Ct. App. 1986)) (the application of the inevitable discovery exception to the exclusionary rule as advocated would “swallow” the entire Fourth Amendment and render its protections meaningless).	1	1
United States v. Boglegreen ca2 · 2013 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015 1 sentence 2015See United States v. Bogle, 522 Fed.Appx. 15, 20-21 (2nd Cir.2013) (“Although we are skeptical that the subsequent search of Bogle’s Jaguar at the scene of the arrest can also be justified as a search incident to arrest [pursuant to Gant ], we need not reach the issue here.	1	1
Wilkins v. Commonwealthgreen vactapp · 2002 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 2 sentences 2002See United States v. Conner, 127 F.3d 663, 667 (8th Cir.1997); United States v. Cabassa, 62 F.3d 470, 473 (2d Cir.1995); United States v. Six Hundred Thirty-Nine Thousand Five Hundred and Fifty-Eight Dollars, 955 F.2d 712, 720-721 (D.C.Cir.1992); United States v. Lamas, 930 F.2d 1099, 1101 (5th Cir.1991); United States v. Terzado-Madruga, 897 F.2d 1099, 1114 (11th Cir.1990); People v. Diaz, 53 P.3d 1171, 1176 (Colo.2002); State v. Anderson, 67 Conn.App. 436 , 787 A.2d 601, 606 (2001); State v. Harris, 642 A.2d 1242, 1251 (Del.1993); Taylor v. State, 274 Ga. 269 , 553 S.E.2d 598, 604 (2001); Pe 2002See United States v. Conner, 127 F.3d 663, 667 (8th Cir.1997); United States v. Cabassa, 62 F.3d 470, 473 (2d Cir.1995); United States v. Six Hundred Thirty-Nine Thousand Five Hundred and Fifty-Eight Dollars, 955 F.2d 712, 720-721 (D.C.Cir.1992); United States v. Lamas, 930 F.2d 1099, 1101 (5th Cir.1991); United States v. Terzado-Madruga, 897 F.2d 1099, 1114 (11th Cir.1990); People v. Diaz, 53 P.3d 1171, 1176 (Colo.2002); State v. Anderson, 67 Conn.App. 436 , 787 A.2d 601, 606 (2001); State v. Harris, 642 A.2d 1242, 1251 (Del.1993); Taylor v. State, 274 Ga. 269 , 553 S.E.2d 598, 604 (2001); Pe	1	1
United States v. Jose M. Cabassagreen ca2 · 1995 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002	1	1
Commonwealth v. Balickigreen mass · 2002 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002	1	1
State v. McKessorgreen kan · 1990 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002	1	1
State v. Romerogreen nmctapp · 2001 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002	1	1
Commonwealth v. Widemangreen pa · 1978 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002	1	1
State v. Andersongreen connappct · 2001 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002	1	1
State v. Laddgreen wva · 2001 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002	1	1
State v. Lashleygreen njsuperctappdiv · 2002 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002	1	1
People v. Burolagreen colo · 1993 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 2 sentences 2002See People v. Burola, 848 P.2d 958, 961 (Colo.1993) ("While the inevitable discovery exception has been applied most frequently to secondary evidence, there is no logical reason not to apply the exception to primary evidence.”). 2002See People v. Burola, 848 P.2d 958, 961 (Colo.1993) ("While the inevitable discovery exception has been applied most frequently to secondary evidence, there is no logical reason not to apply the exception to primary evidence.”).	1	1
State v. Hlavacekgreen wva · 1991 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 2 sentences 2002See State v. Hlavacek, 185 W.Va. 371, 379 , 407 S.E.2d 375, 383 (1991) (inevitable discovery rule did not justify seizure of drugs). 2002See State v. Hlavacek, 185 W.Va. 371, 379 , 407 S.E.2d 375, 383 (1991) (inevitable discovery rule did not justify seizure of drugs).	1	1
In the Interest of J.D.F.green iowa · 1996 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 1 sentence 2002See United States v. Conner, 127 F.3d 663, 667 (8th Cir.1997); United States v. Cabassa, 62 F.3d 470, 473 (2d Cir.1995); United States v. Six Hundred Thirty-Nine Thousand Five Hundred and Fifty-Eight Dollars, 955 F.2d 712, 720-721 (D.C.Cir.1992); United States v. Lamas, 930 F.2d 1099, 1101 (5th Cir.1991); United States v. Terzado-Madruga, 897 F.2d 1099, 1114 (11th Cir.1990); People v. Diaz, 53 P.3d 1171, 1176 (Colo.2002); State v. Anderson, 67 Conn.App. 436 , 787 A.2d 601, 606 (2001); State v. Harris, 642 A.2d 1242, 1251 (Del.1993); Taylor v. State, 274 Ga. 269 , 553 S.E.2d 598, 604 (2001); Pe	1	1
State v. Bollgreen sd · 2002 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002	1	1
State v. Paxtongreen arizctapp · 1996 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 2 sentences 2002See United States v. Scott, 270 F.3d 30, 42-43 (1st Cir.2001); United States v. Reilly, 224 F.3d 986, 994 (9th Cir.2000); United States v. Ford, 184 F.3d 566, 577 (6th Cir.1999); United States v. Allen, 159 F.3d 832, 841 (4th Cir.1998); United States v. Vasquez De Reyes, 149 F.3d 192, 195 (3d Cir.1998); United States v. Larsen, 127 F.3d 984, 987 (10th Cir.1997); United States v. Gravens, 129 F.3d 974, 979-980 (7th Cir.1997); Jones v. State, 615 So.2d 1293, 1295 (Ala.Crim.App.1993); Smith v. State, 992 P.2d 605, 608 (Alaska Ct.App.1999); Miller v. State, 342 Ark. 213 , 27 S.W.3d 427, 432 (2000) 2002See United States v. Scott, 270 F.3d 30, 42-43 (1st Cir.2001); United States v. Reilly, 224 F.3d 986, 994 (9th Cir.2000); United States v. Ford, 184 F.3d 566, 577 (6th Cir.1999); United States v. Allen, 159 F.3d 832, 841 (4th Cir.1998); United States v. Vasquez De Reyes, 149 F.3d 192, 195 (3d Cir.1998); United States v. Larsen, 127 F.3d 984, 987 (10th Cir.1997); United States v. Gravens, 129 F.3d 974, 979-980 (7th Cir.1997); Jones v. State, 615 So.2d 1293, 1295 (Ala.Crim.App.1993); Smith v. State, 992 P.2d 605, 608 (Alaska Ct.App.1999); Miller v. State, 342 Ark. 213 , 27 S.W.3d 427, 432 (2000)	1	1
Henderson v. Stategreen texapp · 2002 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 1 sentence 2002See Ammons v. State, 770 N.E.2d 927, 935 (Ind.Ct.App.2002); Henderson v. State, 82 S.W.3d 750, 753 (Tex.Ct.App.2002).	1	1
State v. Lopezgreen wisctapp · 1996 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 2 sentences 2002See United States v. Conner, 127 F.3d 663, 667 (8th Cir.1997); United States v. Cabassa, 62 F.3d 470, 473 (2d Cir.1995); United States v. Six Hundred Thirty-Nine Thousand Five Hundred and Fifty-Eight Dollars, 955 F.2d 712, 720-721 (D.C.Cir.1992); United States v. Lamas, 930 F.2d 1099, 1101 (5th Cir.1991); United States v. Terzado-Madruga, 897 F.2d 1099, 1114 (11th Cir.1990); People v. Diaz, 53 P.3d 1171, 1176 (Colo.2002); State v. Anderson, 67 Conn.App. 436 , 787 A.2d 601, 606 (2001); State v. Harris, 642 A.2d 1242, 1251 (Del.1993); Taylor v. State, 274 Ga. 269 , 553 S.E.2d 598, 604 (2001); Pe 2002See United States v. Conner, 127 F.3d 663, 667 (8th Cir.1997); United States v. Cabassa, 62 F.3d 470, 473 (2d Cir.1995); United States v. Six Hundred Thirty-Nine Thousand Five Hundred and Fifty-Eight Dollars, 955 F.2d 712, 720-721 (D.C.Cir.1992); United States v. Lamas, 930 F.2d 1099, 1101 (5th Cir.1991); United States v. Terzado-Madruga, 897 F.2d 1099, 1114 (11th Cir.1990); People v. Diaz, 53 P.3d 1171, 1176 (Colo.2002); State v. Anderson, 67 Conn.App. 436 , 787 A.2d 601, 606 (2001); State v. Harris, 642 A.2d 1242, 1251 (Del.1993); Taylor v. State, 274 Ga. 269 , 553 S.E.2d 598, 604 (2001); Pe	1	1
People v. Diazgreen colo · 2002 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002	1	1
Miller v. Stategreen ark · 2000 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002	1	1
State v. Trepaniergreen ri · 1991 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002	1	1
United States v. George Terzado-Madrugagreen ca11 · 1990 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002	1	1
United States v. Jose Manuel Lamasgreen ca5 · 1991 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 1 sentence 2002See United States v. Conner, 127 F.3d 663, 667 (8th Cir.1997); United States v. Cabassa, 62 F.3d 470, 473 (2d Cir.1995); United States v. Six Hundred Thirty-Nine Thousand Five Hundred and Fifty-Eight Dollars, 955 F.2d 712, 720-721 (D.C.Cir.1992); United States v. Lamas, 930 F.2d 1099, 1101 (5th Cir.1991); United States v. Terzado-Madruga, 897 F.2d 1099, 1114 (11th Cir.1990); People v. Diaz, 53 P.3d 1171, 1176 (Colo.2002); State v. Anderson, 67 Conn.App. 436 , 787 A.2d 601, 606 (2001); State v. Harris, 642 A.2d 1242, 1251 (Del.1993); Taylor v. State, 274 Ga. 269 , 553 S.E.2d 598, 604 (2001); Pe	1	1
State v. Harrisgreen delsuperct · 1993 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 1 sentence 2002See United States v. Conner, 127 F.3d 663, 667 (8th Cir.1997); United States v. Cabassa, 62 F.3d 470, 473 (2d Cir.1995); United States v. Six Hundred Thirty-Nine Thousand Five Hundred and Fifty-Eight Dollars, 955 F.2d 712, 720-721 (D.C.Cir.1992); United States v. Lamas, 930 F.2d 1099, 1101 (5th Cir.1991); United States v. Terzado-Madruga, 897 F.2d 1099, 1114 (11th Cir.1990); People v. Diaz, 53 P.3d 1171, 1176 (Colo.2002); State v. Anderson, 67 Conn.App. 436 , 787 A.2d 601, 606 (2001); State v. Harris, 642 A.2d 1242, 1251 (Del.1993); Taylor v. State, 274 Ga. 269 , 553 S.E.2d 598, 604 (2001); Pe	1	1
United States v. Six Hundred Thirty-Nine Thousand Five Hundred and Fifty-Eight Dollars ($639,558) in United States Currencygreen cadc · 1992 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002	1	1
Jones v. Stategreen alacrimapp · 1993 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 1 sentence 2002See United States v. Scott, 270 F.3d 30, 42-43 (1st Cir.2001); United States v. Reilly, 224 F.3d 986, 994 (9th Cir.2000); United States v. Ford, 184 F.3d 566, 577 (6th Cir.1999); United States v. Allen, 159 F.3d 832, 841 (4th Cir.1998); United States v. Vasquez De Reyes, 149 F.3d 192, 195 (3d Cir.1998); United States v. Larsen, 127 F.3d 984, 987 (10th Cir.1997); United States v. Gravens, 129 F.3d 974, 979-980 (7th Cir.1997); Jones v. State, 615 So.2d 1293, 1295 (Ala.Crim.App.1993); Smith v. State, 992 P.2d 605, 608 (Alaska Ct.App.1999); Miller v. State, 342 Ark. 213 , 27 S.W.3d 427, 432 (2000)	1	1
Ammons v. Stategreen indctapp · 2002 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 1 sentence 2002See Ammons v. State, 770 N.E.2d 927, 935 (Ind.Ct.App.2002); Henderson v. State, 82 S.W.3d 750, 753 (Tex.Ct.App.2002).	1	1
United States v. Lewis A. Larsen, A/K/A Louis A. Larsen, A/K/A Jeffrey L. Larsen, A/K/A Jeff Larsen, A/K/A Leland L. Larsengreen ca10 · 1997 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 2 sentences 2002See United States v. Scott, 270 F.3d 30, 42-43 (1st Cir.2001); United States v. Reilly, 224 F.3d 986, 994 (9th Cir.2000); United States v. Ford, 184 F.3d 566, 577 (6th Cir.1999); United States v. Allen, 159 F.3d 832, 841 (4th Cir.1998); United States v. Vasquez De Reyes, 149 F.3d 192, 195 (3d Cir.1998); United States v. Larsen, 127 F.3d 984, 987 (10th Cir.1997); United States v. Gravens, 129 F.3d 974, 979-980 (7th Cir.1997); Jones v. State, 615 So.2d 1293, 1295 (Ala.Crim.App.1993); Smith v. State, 992 P.2d 605, 608 (Alaska Ct.App.1999); Miller v. State, 342 Ark. 213 , 27 S.W.3d 427, 432 (2000) 2002This majority view of the rule does not “limit the inevitable discovery exception to lines of investigation that were already underway.” United States v. Larsen, 127 F.3d 984, 987 (10th Cir.1997).	1	1
United States v. Larry Duane Conner, United States of America v. John Charles Tiltongreen ca8 · 1997 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002	1	1
United States v. David S. Gravensgreen ca7 · 1997 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002	1	1
Smith v. Stategreen alaskactapp · 1999 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 1 sentence 2002See United States v. Scott, 270 F.3d 30, 42-43 (1st Cir.2001); United States v. Reilly, 224 F.3d 986, 994 (9th Cir.2000); United States v. Ford, 184 F.3d 566, 577 (6th Cir.1999); United States v. Allen, 159 F.3d 832, 841 (4th Cir.1998); United States v. Vasquez De Reyes, 149 F.3d 192, 195 (3d Cir.1998); United States v. Larsen, 127 F.3d 984, 987 (10th Cir.1997); United States v. Gravens, 129 F.3d 974, 979-980 (7th Cir.1997); Jones v. State, 615 So.2d 1293, 1295 (Ala.Crim.App.1993); Smith v. State, 992 P.2d 605, 608 (Alaska Ct.App.1999); Miller v. State, 342 Ark. 213 , 27 S.W.3d 427, 432 (2000)	1	1
United States v. Belki Maria Vasquez De Reyesgreen ca3 · 1998 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 1 sentence 2002See United States v. Scott, 270 F.3d 30, 42-43 (1st Cir.2001); United States v. Reilly, 224 F.3d 986, 994 (9th Cir.2000); United States v. Ford, 184 F.3d 566, 577 (6th Cir.1999); United States v. Allen, 159 F.3d 832, 841 (4th Cir.1998); United States v. Vasquez De Reyes, 149 F.3d 192, 195 (3d Cir.1998); United States v. Larsen, 127 F.3d 984, 987 (10th Cir.1997); United States v. Gravens, 129 F.3d 974, 979-980 (7th Cir.1997); Jones v. State, 615 So.2d 1293, 1295 (Ala.Crim.App.1993); Smith v. State, 992 P.2d 605, 608 (Alaska Ct.App.1999); Miller v. State, 342 Ark. 213 , 27 S.W.3d 427, 432 (2000)	1	1
United States v. Michael Wayne Allen, A/K/A Anthony Washingtongreen ca4 · 1998 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002	1	1
United States v. Donald G. Ford (97-6097/6270) Sandra Hutchins Ford (97-6271)green ca6 · 1999 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 1 sentence 2002See United States v. Scott, 270 F.3d 30, 42-43 (1st Cir.2001); United States v. Reilly, 224 F.3d 986, 994 (9th Cir.2000); United States v. Ford, 184 F.3d 566, 577 (6th Cir.1999); United States v. Allen, 159 F.3d 832, 841 (4th Cir.1998); United States v. Vasquez De Reyes, 149 F.3d 192, 195 (3d Cir.1998); United States v. Larsen, 127 F.3d 984, 987 (10th Cir.1997); United States v. Gravens, 129 F.3d 974, 979-980 (7th Cir.1997); Jones v. State, 615 So.2d 1293, 1295 (Ala.Crim.App.1993); Smith v. State, 992 P.2d 605, 608 (Alaska Ct.App.1999); Miller v. State, 342 Ark. 213 , 27 S.W.3d 427, 432 (2000)	1	1
Craig v. Stategreen fla · 1987 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002	1	1
United States v. Francis Joseph Reilly, AKA Ian MacCormick AKA Steven James Connergreen ca9 · 2000 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 1 sentence 2002See United States v. Scott, 270 F.3d 30, 42-43 (1st Cir.2001); United States v. Reilly, 224 F.3d 986, 994 (9th Cir.2000); United States v. Ford, 184 F.3d 566, 577 (6th Cir.1999); United States v. Allen, 159 F.3d 832, 841 (4th Cir.1998); United States v. Vasquez De Reyes, 149 F.3d 192, 195 (3d Cir.1998); United States v. Larsen, 127 F.3d 984, 987 (10th Cir.1997); United States v. Gravens, 129 F.3d 974, 979-980 (7th Cir.1997); Jones v. State, 615 So.2d 1293, 1295 (Ala.Crim.App.1993); Smith v. State, 992 P.2d 605, 608 (Alaska Ct.App.1999); Miller v. State, 342 Ark. 213 , 27 S.W.3d 427, 432 (2000)	1	1
United States v. Alan N. Scottgreen ca1 · 2001 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002	1	1
Walls v. Commonwealthgreen vactapp · 1986 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (1)

Case	Negative	Cited
People v. Jamesgreen nyappdiv · 1998 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002 2 sentences 2002But see, People v. James, 256 A.D.2d 1149, 684 N.Y.S.2d 112, 113 (1998) ("[T]he inevitable [discovery] exception applies only to secondary evidence and does not justify admission of the very evidence that was obtained as the immediate consequence of the illegal police conduct.”). 2002But see, People v. James, 256 A.D.2d 1149, 684 N.Y.S.2d 112, 113 (1998) ("[T]he inevitable [discovery] exception applies only to secondary evidence and does not justify admission of the very evidence that was obtained as the immediate consequence of the illegal police conduct.”).	1	1

Also cited on this issue (8)

Case	Cited	Years
State v. Flippo green wva · 2002 2 sentences 2015In syllabus point four of State v. Flippo, 212 W.Va. 560 , 575 S.E.2d 170 (2002), this Court held: To prevail under the inevitable discovery exception to the exclusionary rule, -Article III, Section 6 of the West Virginia,Constitution requires the State to prove by a preponderance of the evidence: (1) that there was a reasonable probability that the evidence would have been discovered by lawful means in the absence of police misconduct; (2) that the leads making the discovery inevitable were possessed by the police at the time of the misconduct; and (3) that the police were actively pursuing a 2015In syllabus point four of State v. Flippo, 212 W.Va. 560 , 575 S.E.2d 170 (2002), this Court held: To prevail under the inevitable discovery exception to the exclusionary rule, -Article III, Section 6 of the West Virginia,Constitution requires the State to prove by a preponderance of the evidence: (1) that there was a reasonable probability that the evidence would have been discovered by lawful means in the absence of police misconduct; (2) that the leads making the discovery inevitable were possessed by the police at the time of the misconduct; and (3) that the police were actively pursuing a	9	2009–2021
United States v. Cartwright green ca7 · 2010 2 sentences 2015Thus, the evidence was properly admitted under the inevitable discovery exception to the exclusionary rule.” Id. 5 In United States v. Cartwright, 630 F.3d 610 (7th Cir. 2010), which is more factually similar to the case at bar, the defendant was stopped for failure to have an illuminated rear license plate. 2015In United States v. Cartwright, 630 F.3d 610 (7th Cir.2010), which is more factually similar to the case at bar, the defendant was stopped for failure to have an illuminated rear license plate.	2	2015–2015
State v. Lacy green wva · 1996 1 sentence 2018"When the State seeks to introduce evidence that was seized during a warrantless search, it bears the burden of showing the need for an exemption from the warrant requirement and that its conduct fell within the bounds of the exception." Lacy , 196 W.	1	2018–2018
State v. Lilly green wva · 1995 2 sentences 2012In State v. Lilly, 194 W.Va. 595 , 461 S.E.2d 101 (1995), this Court explained that the standard of review of a circuit court’s ruling on a motion to suppress is a two-tier standard: [W]e first review a circuit court’s findings of fact when ruling on a motion to suppress evidence under the clearly erroneous standard. 2012In State v. Lilly, 194 W.Va. 595 , 461 S.E.2d 101 (1995), this Court explained that the standard of review of a circuit court’s ruling on a motion to suppress is a two-tier standard: [W]e first review a circuit court’s findings of fact when ruling on a motion to suppress evidence under the clearly erroneous standard.	1	2012–2012
Nix v. Williams green scotus · 1984 2 sentences 2002Subsequent to our decision in Hawkins , the United States Supreme Court approved of the inevitable discovery rule in Nix v. Williams, 467 U.S. 431 , 104 S.Ct. 2501 , 81 L.Ed.2d 377 (1984). 2002Subsequent to our decision in Hawkins , the United States Supreme Court approved of the inevitable discovery rule in Nix v. Williams, 467 U.S. 431 , 104 S.Ct. 2501 , 81 L.Ed.2d 377 (1984).	1	2002–2002
Hughes v. Commonwealth green ky · 2002	1	2002–2002
People v. Carpenter green cal · 1999 2 sentences 2002See United States v. Scott, 270 F.3d 30, 42-43 (1st Cir.2001); United States v. Reilly, 224 F.3d 986, 994 (9th Cir.2000); United States v. Ford, 184 F.3d 566, 577 (6th Cir.1999); United States v. Allen, 159 F.3d 832, 841 (4th Cir.1998); United States v. Vasquez De Reyes, 149 F.3d 192, 195 (3d Cir.1998); United States v. Larsen, 127 F.3d 984, 987 (10th Cir.1997); United States v. Gravens, 129 F.3d 974, 979-980 (7th Cir.1997); Jones v. State, 615 So.2d 1293, 1295 (Ala.Crim.App.1993); Smith v. State, 992 P.2d 605, 608 (Alaska Ct.App.1999); Miller v. State, 342 Ark. 213 , 27 S.W.3d 427, 432 (2000) 2002See United States v. Scott, 270 F.3d 30, 42-43 (1st Cir.2001); United States v. Reilly, 224 F.3d 986, 994 (9th Cir.2000); United States v. Ford, 184 F.3d 566, 577 (6th Cir.1999); United States v. Allen, 159 F.3d 832, 841 (4th Cir.1998); United States v. Vasquez De Reyes, 149 F.3d 192, 195 (3d Cir.1998); United States v. Larsen, 127 F.3d 984, 987 (10th Cir.1997); United States v. Gravens, 129 F.3d 974, 979-980 (7th Cir.1997); Jones v. State, 615 So.2d 1293, 1295 (Ala.Crim.App.1993); Smith v. State, 992 P.2d 605, 608 (Alaska Ct.App.1999); Miller v. State, 342 Ark. 213 , 27 S.W.3d 427, 432 (2000)	1	2002–2002
State v. Hawkins green wva · 1981 2 sentences 2002The inevitable discovery rule was first recognized by this Court in syllabus point 2 of State v. Hawkins, 167 W.Va. 473 , 280 S.E.2d 222 (1981), wherein we held: There are three generally recognized exceptions to the exclusionary rule: (1) where evidence sought to be introduced has an independent source, (2) where the evidence would inevitably have been discovered, and (3) where the connection between unconstitutional police conduct and the discovery of the evidence is so attenuated as to remove any taint of the original illegality. 2002The inevitable discovery rule was first recognized by this Court in syllabus point 2 of State v. Hawkins, 167 W.Va. 473 , 280 S.E.2d 222 (1981), wherein we held: There are three generally recognized exceptions to the exclusionary rule: (1) where evidence sought to be introduced has an independent source, (2) where the evidence would inevitably have been discovered, and (3) where the connection between unconstitutional police conduct and the discovery of the evidence is so attenuated as to remove any taint of the original illegality.	1	2002–2002

Where else courts name it

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