essence claim (Texas) · Go Syfert
← Texas issues

essence claim in Texas

75 Texas opinions name it 3 courts 1941–2025 5 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Texas courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (47)

CaseFollowedCited
Drye v. Eagle Rock Ranch, Inc.green
tex · 1963 · cited in 14 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2000–2019
2 sentences

2019Drye v. Eagle Rock Ranch, Inc., 364 S.W.2d 196, 209 (Tex. 1962).

2016See Drye v. Eagle Rock Ranch, Inc., 364 S.W.2d 196, 209 (Tex. 1962).

1414
Kimleco Petroleum, Inc. v. Morrison & Sheltongreen
texapp · 2003 · cited in 6 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2004–2020
2 sentences

2020Breach of Fiduciary Duty In the context of an attorney-client relationship, “the essence of a claim for breach of fiduciary duty involves the ‘integrity and fidelity’ of an attorney . . . .” Kimleco Petrol., 91 S.W.3d at 923 (quoting Goffney v. Rabson, 56 S.W.3d 186, 193 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2001, pet. denied)).

2010McGuire, Craddock, Strother & Hale, P.C. v. Transcont’l Realty Investors, Inc. , 251 S.W.3d 890, 894 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, pet. denied); Kimleco Petroleum, Inc. v. Morrison & Shelton , 91 S.W.3d 921, 923 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2002, pet. denied).

56
Gibson v. Ellisgreen
texapp · 2004 · cited in 4 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2020
2 sentences

2020“An attorney breaches his fiduciary duty when he benefits improperly from the attorney-client relationship by, among other things, subordinating his client’s interest to 9 his own, retaining the client’s funds, engaging in self-dealing, improperly using client confidences, failing to disclose conflicts of interest, or making misrepresentations to achieve these ends.” Gibson v. Ellis, 126 S.W.3d 324, 330 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, no pet.) (citing Goffney, 56 S.W.3d at 193 ).

2019Sometimes, the prevailing party on a breach of fiduciary duty claim may receive monetary relief without proving it suffered monetary damages.58 Upon finding that a breach of fiduciary duty occurred, a trial court may order a forfeiture of some or all of an otherwise reasonable fee if a “clear and serious” breach of a fiduciary duty occurred.59 When a forfeiture of fees is the remedy that has been sought, the factfinder must resolve “whether or when the misconduct complained of 57 Gibson v. Ellis, 126 S.W.3d 324, 330 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, no pet.) (“The essence of a claim for breach of that d

44
McGuire, Craddock, Strother & Hale, P.C. v. Transcontinental Realty Investors, Inc.green
texapp · 2008 · cited in 4 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2009–2010
2 sentences

2010McGuire, Craddock, Strother & Hale, P.C. v. Transcont’l Realty Investors, Inc. , 251 S.W.3d 890, 894 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, pet. denied); Kimleco Petroleum, Inc. v. Morrison & Shelton , 91 S.W.3d 921, 923 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2002, pet. denied).

2010McGuire, Craddock, Strother & Hale, P.C. v. Transcont’l Realty Investors, Inc., 251 S.W.3d 890, 894 (Tex.App.-Dallas 2008, pet. denied); Kimleco Petroleum, Inc. v. Morrison & Shelton, 91 S.W.3d 921, 923 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth 2002, pet. denied).

44
E. C. Ernst, Inc. v. Manhattan Construction Company of Texas, Providence Hospital, Fairbanks-Morse, Inc., Charles H. McCauley Associates, Inc.green
ca5 · 1977 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1995–2015
2 sentences

2015Ernst, Inc. v. Manhattan Construction Comp. of Texas, 559 F.2d 268, 269 (5th Cir. 1977). 22. ″Merely initiating litigation, without more, does not effect a waiver″ because no actual prejudice results from that isolated action.

1995Co., 559 F.2d 268, 269 (5th Cir.1977) (“[Prejudice ... is the essence of waiver.”), with National Found, for Cancer Research v. A.G.

33
Somervell County Healthcare Authority v. Sandersgreen
texapp · 2005 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008See Somervell, 169 S.W.3d at 728 .

2008See Somervell, 169 S.W.3d at 728 .

33
Smalling v. Gardnergreen
texapp · 2005 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008Id. at 544 ; see also Smalling v. Gardner, 203 S.W.3d 354, 363 (Tex. App.–Houston [14th Dist.] 2005, pet. denied) (“[T]he court’s focus is whether the essence of the claim asserted by the plaintiff involves departures from accepted standards of medical care.”).

2008Id. at 544 ; see also Smalling v. Gardner, 203 S.W.3d 354, 363 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2005, pet. denied) (“[T]he court’s focus is whether the essence of the claim asserted by the plaintiff involves departures from accepted standards of medical care.”).

33
Garland Community Hospital v. Rosegreen
tex · 2004 · cited in 4 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2015
2 sentences

2015In deciding whether Ollie’s safety-related claim was an HCLC, the Texas Supreme Court explained that “the essence of the claim center[ed] on the failure of [defendant] to act with the proper degree of care to furnish a dry floor, warn her of the hazards of a wet bathroom floor, or some similar failure to act.” Id. at 527 ; see also Garland Cmty. Hosp. v. Rose, 156 S.W.3d 541 , 543–44 (Tex. 2004) (explaining that court is not bound by manner in which plaintiff’s pleadings characterize claim in determining whether claim is an HCLC).

2008Id. at 544 ; see also Smalling v. Gardner, 203 S.W.3d 354, 363 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2005, pet. denied) (“[T]he court’s focus is whether the essence of the claim asserted by the plaintiff involves departures from accepted standards of medical care.”).

24
Bird v. W.C.W.green
tex · 1994 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1998–2018
2 sentences

2018See id.

2001Id. at 771-72 .

23
Goffney v. Rabsongreen
texapp · 2001 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2019–2020
2 sentences

2020Breach of Fiduciary Duty In the context of an attorney-client relationship, “the essence of a claim for breach of fiduciary duty involves the ‘integrity and fidelity’ of an attorney . . . .” Kimleco Petrol., 91 S.W.3d at 923 (quoting Goffney v. Rabson, 56 S.W.3d 186, 193 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2001, pet. denied)).

2019Sometimes, the prevailing party on a breach of fiduciary duty claim may receive monetary relief without proving it suffered monetary damages.58 Upon finding that a breach of fiduciary duty occurred, a trial court may order a forfeiture of some or all of an otherwise reasonable fee if a “clear and serious” breach of a fiduciary duty occurred.59 When a forfeiture of fees is the remedy that has been sought, the factfinder must resolve “whether or when the misconduct complained of 57 Gibson v. Ellis, 126 S.W.3d 324, 330 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, no pet.) (“The essence of a claim for breach of that d

22
Mosher v. Tunnellgreen
texapp · 1966 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009See Mosher, 400 S.W.2d at 404 .

2009See Mosher , 400 S.W.2d at 404 .

22
City of Keller v. Wilsongreen
tex · 2005 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008See City of Keller , 168 S.W.3d at 816 .

2008See City of Keller, 168 S.W.3d at 816 .

22
Holland Ex Rel. Holland v. City of Houstongreen
txsd · 1999 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2004–2006
2 sentences

2006Nov.9, 2005) (despite claim of alleged misuse of handcuffs and leg irons, "all of plaintiff's damages arise out of the claimed instance of excessive force"); Holland v. City of Houston, 41 F.Supp.2d 678, 713 (S.D.Tex. 1999) ("Where the essence of a claim under the TTCA arises from an intentional tort, allegations of negligence are insufficient to avoid the § 101.057 exception to liability."); Huong v. City of Port Arthur, 961 F.Supp. 1003, 1008-09 (E.D.Tex.1997) ("Plaintiffs cannot circumvent the intentional tort exception to waiver of municipal liability by simply pleading negligence when the

2006Nov.9, 2005) (despite claim of alleged misuse of handcuffs and leg irons, "all of plaintiff's damages arise out of the claimed instance of excessive force”); Holland v. City of Houston, 41 F.Supp.2d 678, 713 (S.D.Tex. 1999) ("Where the essence of a claim under the TTCA arises from an intentional tort, allegations of negligence are insufficient to avoid the § 101.057 exception to liability.”); Huong v. City of Port Arthur, 961 F.Supp. 1003, 1008-09 (E.D.Tex.1997) ("Plaintiffs cannot circumvent the intentional tort exception to waiver of municipal liability by simply pleading negligence when the

22
Diversicare General Partner, Inc. v. Rubiogreen
tex · 2005 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2017
2 sentences

2017See Diversicare, 185 S.W.3d at 848 .

2008In Diver-sicare, the essence of the claim was that the health care provider’s lapses in professional judgment allowed the claimant to be injured by another. 185 S.W.3d at 851 .

13
Laub v. Pesikoffgreen
texapp · 1998 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2016–2024
2 sentences

2024“Texas courts have consistently applied the privilege to claims arising out of communications made in the course of judicial proceedings, regardless of the label placed on the claim,” and “the privilege should be extended beyond defamation when the essence of a claim is damages that flow from communications made in the course of a judicial proceeding.” Laub v. Pesikoff, 979 S.W.2d 686 , 690–91 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1998, pet. denied.).

2016See Laub v. Pesikoff, 979 S.W.2d 686, 691 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1998, writ denied) (applying privilege to husband’s claims against wife’s psychotherapists who offered affidavits in divorce proceeding regarding wife’s mental state; finding that claims for tortious interference with contract, civil conspiracy, and intentional infliction of emotional distress in addition to libel and slander were barred by judicial privilege because “the essence of each of these claims is that [husband] suffered injury as a result of the communication of allegedly false statements during a judicial proce

12
Bob Deuell v. Texas Right to Life Committee, Inc.green
texapp · 2016 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024See Mireskandari v. Casey, 636 S.W.3d 727 , 739 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2021, pet. denied) (stating judicial-proceedings privilege did not apply because the essence of the plaintiff’s claim “was not damages but declaratory relief”); Deuell, 508 S.W.3d at 690 (noting judicial-proceedings privilege applies to other torts “when the essence of a claim is damages that flow from communications made in the course of a judicial proceeding” and the “party seeks damages that flow from alleged reputational harm, regardless of the type of claim alleged”).

11
Kennedy v. Gulf Coast Cancer & Diagnostic Center at Southeast, Inc.green
texapp · 2010 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
1 sentence

2020See, e.g., Kennedy v. Gulf Coast Cancer & Diagnostic Ctr. at Se., Inc., 326 S.W.3d 352, 360 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2010, no pet.) (“The essence of a claim for breach of fiduciary duty focuses on whether an attorney obtained an improper benefit from representing the client.”).

11
ERI Consulting Engineers, Inc. v. Swinneagreen
tex · 2010 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
1 sentence

2019Sometimes, the prevailing party on a breach of fiduciary duty claim may receive monetary relief without proving it suffered monetary damages.58 Upon finding that a breach of fiduciary duty occurred, a trial court may order a forfeiture of some or all of an otherwise reasonable fee if a “clear and serious” breach of a fiduciary duty occurred.59 When a forfeiture of fees is the remedy that has been sought, the factfinder must resolve “whether or when the misconduct complained of 57 Gibson v. Ellis, 126 S.W.3d 324, 330 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, no pet.) (“The essence of a claim for breach of that d

11
Burrow v. Arcegreen
tex · 1999 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
2 sentences

2019Sometimes, the prevailing party on a breach of fiduciary duty claim may receive monetary relief without proving it suffered monetary damages.58 Upon finding that a breach of fiduciary duty occurred, a trial court may order a forfeiture of some or all of an otherwise reasonable fee if a “clear and serious” breach of a fiduciary duty occurred.59 When a forfeiture of fees is the remedy that has been sought, the factfinder must resolve “whether or when the misconduct complained of 57 Gibson v. Ellis, 126 S.W.3d 324, 330 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, no pet.) (“The essence of a claim for breach of that d

2019Sometimes, the prevailing party on a breach of fiduciary duty claim may receive monetary relief without proving it suffered monetary damages.58 Upon finding that a breach of fiduciary duty occurred, a trial court may order a forfeiture of some or all of an otherwise reasonable fee if a “clear and serious” breach of a fiduciary duty occurred.59 When a forfeiture of fees is the remedy that has been sought, the factfinder must resolve “whether or when the misconduct complained of 57 Gibson v. Ellis, 126 S.W.3d 324, 330 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, no pet.) (“The essence of a claim for breach of that d

11
First United Pentecostal Church of Beaumont v. Parkergreen
tex · 2017 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
1 sentence

2019Sometimes, the prevailing party on a breach of fiduciary duty claim may receive monetary relief without proving it suffered monetary damages.58 Upon finding that a breach of fiduciary duty occurred, a trial court may order a forfeiture of some or all of an otherwise reasonable fee if a “clear and serious” breach of a fiduciary duty occurred.59 When a forfeiture of fees is the remedy that has been sought, the factfinder must resolve “whether or when the misconduct complained of 57 Gibson v. Ellis, 126 S.W.3d 324, 330 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, no pet.) (“The essence of a claim for breach of that d

11
Sedona Contracting, Inc. v. Ford, Powell & Carson, Inc.green
texapp · 1999 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
1 sentence

2019See Tenneco, 925 S.W.2d at 643 (a party’s express renunciation of a known right can establish waiver); Sedona, 995 S.W.2d at 196 (discussing waiver of claims in a bid form).

11
In Re Commitment of Fishergreen
tex · 2005 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
1 sentence

2017See In re Commitment of Fisher, 164 S.W.3d 637 , 656 n.17 (Tex. 2005) (citing Tex. Boll Weevil Eradication Found., Inc. v. Lewellen, 952 S.W.2d 454 , 461 n.5 (Tex. 1997)).

11
Texas Boll Weevil Eradication Foundation, Inc. v. Lewellengreen
tex · 1997 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
1 sentence

2017See In re Commitment of Fisher, 164 S.W.3d 637 , 656 n.17 (Tex. 2005) (citing Tex. Boll Weevil Eradication Found., Inc. v. Lewellen, 952 S.W.2d 454 , 461 n.5 (Tex. 1997)).

11
Henry v. Massongreen
texapp · 2010 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
1 sentence

2016PNK replies that it did not materially breach the contract because (1) “the evidence conclusively shows that Mobilelink accepted and/or operated all four stores that were the subject of the contract,” (2) “Mobilelink accepted the late performance and waived the time is of the essence clause,” and (3) “the evidence shows that the parties agreed that Mobilelink would make [the October 2013 rent] payments and that although Mobilelink issued the checks, PNK made the payments to the landlords” for those rents.1 A. Applicable law If “one party to a contract commits a material breach of that contract

11
New York Party Shuttle, LLC v. John Bilellogreen
texapp · 2013 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
1 sentence

2016But “[i]f the non-breaching party continues to insist on performance by the party in default, the 1 Because we hold that PNK did not materially breach the lease, we do not address its alternative argument that Mobilelink did not preserve this issue because it only argued material breach in its counterclaims, not as an affirmative defense. 6 previous breach by the breaching party is not an excuse for nonperformance by the non-breaching party and the contract continues in full force.” New York Party Shuttle, LLC v. Bilello, 414 S.W.3d 206, 216 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2013, pet. denied).

11
Crain v. UPLCgreen
texapp · 2000 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016See Laub v. Pesikoff, 979 S.W.2d 686, 691 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1998, writ denied) (applying privilege to husband’s claims against wife’s psychotherapists who offered affidavits in divorce proceeding regarding wife’s mental state; finding that claims for tortious interference with contract, civil conspiracy, and intentional infliction of emotional distress in addition to libel and slander were barred by judicial privilege because “the essence of each of these claims is that [husband] suffered injury as a result of the communication of allegedly false statements during a judicial proce

2016See Laub v. Pesikoff, 979 S.W.2d 686, 691 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1998, writ denied) (applying privilege to husband’s claims against wife’s psychotherapists who offered affidavits in divorce proceeding regarding wife’s mental state; finding that claims for tortious interference with contract, civil conspiracy, and intentional infliction of emotional distress in addition to libel and slander were barred by judicial privilege because “the essence of each of these claims is that [husband] suffered injury as a result of the communication of allegedly false statements during a judicial proce

11
Joseph L. Alioto v. Cowles Communications, Inc.green
ca9 · 1980 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
Yamada v. Friendgreen
tex · 2010 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
Heuer v. Keegreen
calctapp · 1936 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
Robert A. Maheu, and v. Hughes Tool Company, a Corporation, Now Known as Summa Corporation, Defendant-Counterclaimant-Appellant Andgreen
ca9 · 1978 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
Sherman, Andrea v. Healthsouth Specialty Hospital, Inc. D/B/A Healthsouth Dallas Rehab Hospitalgreen
texapp · 2013 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
11
Hernandez v. Hayesgreen
texapp · 1996 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
11
Krayem v. USRP (PAC), L.P.green
texapp · 2006 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
Paciwest, Inc. v. Warner Alan Properties, LLCgreen
texapp · 2008 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
Roundville Partners, L.L.C. v. Jonesgreen
texapp · 2003 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
Crawford v. Ace Sign, Inc.green
tex · 1996 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
Brabham v. A.G. Edwards & Sons Inc.green
ca5 · 2004 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
Kergosien v. Ocean Energy, Inc.green
ca5 · 2004 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
Texas Department of Parks & Wildlife v. Mirandagreen
tex · 2004 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
11
Huong v. City of Port Arthurgreen
txed · 1997 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Texas. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (22)

CaseCitedYears
Allen v. Allen green
texapp · 2008
2 sentences

2014Allen, 280 S.W.3d at 381 (citing Drye v. Eagle Rock Ranch, Inc., 364 S.W.2d 196, 209 (Tex. 1962)).

2014Allen, 280 S.W.3d at 381 (citing Drye v. Eagle Rock Ranch, Inc., 364 S.W.2d 196, 209 (Tex. 1962)).

42013–2014
Baylor Scott and White, Hillcrest Medical Center v. Ruthen James Weems Iii green
tex · 2019
2 sentences

2025Weems, 575 S.W.3d at 364 .

2021Id.

22021–2025
Scott v. Cannon green
texapp · 1998
2 sentences

2000The court concluded that the essence of the doctrine is that “the owner of land is es-topped to deny the existence of an easement by making representations that are acted upon by a purchaser to his detriment.” Id. (emphasis in original).

2000The court concluded that the essence of the doctrine is that “the owner of land is es-topped to deny the existence of an easement by making representations that are acted upon by a purchaser to his detriment.” Id. (emphasis in original).

22000–2000
In Re EI DuPont De Nemours and Co. green
tex · 2004
1 sentence

2023Affidavits supporting a privilege claim must strike a delicate balance between providing enough information to establish the existence of a privileged communication while preserving confidentiality. 12 The dissent criticizes Sharphorn’s affidavit because it “was prepared in connection with other litigation.” Id. at 22 n.60.

12023–2023
Harris Methodist Fort Worth v. Ollie green
tex · 2011
12015–2015
Loaisiga v. Cerda green
tex · 2012
12015–2015
Anderman/smith Operating Co. v. Tennessee Gas Pipeline Co. green
ca5 · 1991
12015–2015
Ancor Holdings, LLC v. Peterson, Goldman & Villani, Inc. green
texapp · 2009
12015–2015
Consorcio Rive, S.A. De C v. v. Briggs of Cancun, Inc. green
laed · 2001
12015–2015
Taylor v. Dealers Transport Co. green
scotus · 1970
12015–2015
Holden v. Weidenfeller green
texapp · 1996
12013–2013
Fed. Sec. L. Rep. P 98,372 Executone Information Systems, Inc. v. Lloyd K. Davis green
ca5 · 1994
12007–2007
Apache Bohai Corp. LDC v. Texaco China BV green
ca5 · 2007
12007–2007
Reed Tool Co. v. Copelin green
tex · 1985
12006–2006
International Printing Pressmen & Assistants' Union v. Smith green
tex · 1946
11995–1995
Zidell v. Bird green
texapp · 1985
11991–1991
Strickland v. Washington green
scotus · 1984
11990–1990
Mann v. State green
texcrimapp · 1986
11989–1989
Lone Star Gas Co. v. Howard Corp. green
texapp · 1977
11978–1978
Scott v. Saunders neutral
ca6 · 1923
11971–1971
Brown v. Brown green
mich · 1954
11971–1971
Clifton George Co. v. Great Southern Life Ins. Co. neutral
texapp · 1923
11941–1941

Statutes the citing opinions construe

USC § 9u.s.c.2 (4) USC § 9u.s.c.1 (3) USC § 9u.s.c.10 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

PA 275 (1927–2026) IL 97 (1928–2026) CA 97 (1919–2025) NJ 95 (1937–2026) NY 83 (1908–2025) TX 75 (1941–2025) OH 43 (1901–2025) MI 41 (1936–2025) OR 39 (1899–2022) IN 34 (1932–2025) VA 32 (1896–2025) CT 31 (1933–2025) FL 31 (1961–2024) WA 30 (1913–2026) NC 27 (1931–2025) ME 26 (1995–2024) MD 25 (1968–2025) MA 24 (1960–2025) DC 22 (1977–2024) NE 20 (1895–2024) MO 19 (1941–2024) WI 19 (1909–2025) AZ 19 (1922–2026) WV 19 (1894–2024) GA 18 (1951–2016) NM 17 (1967–2016) AL 15 (1904–2004) LA 14 (1932–2015) NH 14 (1987–2015) CO 14 (1910–2026) DE 13 (1951–2024) IA 12 (1904–2023) MT 11 (1916–2005) TN 10 (1948–2022) KS 10 (1934–2023) KY 10 (1923–2025) VT 8 (1857–2023) RI 7 (1962–2026) AR 7 (1921–2005) ID 6 (1971–1991) OK 6 (1981–2013) AK 6 (1978–1997) MN 6 (1920–2019) HI 5 (1991–2009) WY 5 (1967–2007) SD 5 (1990–2011) PR 3 (1954–1957) MS 3 (1902–2019) UT 2 (1942–2015)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

← Caselaw search · G Cite Topics · Brief Check