necessity inquiry (Ohio) · Go Syfert
← Ohio issues

necessity inquiry in Ohio

65 Ohio opinions name it 6 courts 1895–2025 10 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Ohio courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (19)

CaseFollowedCited
State v. Triplettgreen
ohio · 1997 · cited in 12 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2008–2025
2 sentences

2024"The first factor, the length of the delay, is a 'triggering mechanism,' determining the necessity of inquiry into the other factors." State v. Triplett, 78 Ohio St.3d 566, 569 (1997), quoting Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 530 (1972).

2022Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 530-532 , 92 S.Ct. 2182 (1972); State v. Triplett, 78 Ohio St.3d 566, 568 , 1997-Ohio- 182. -7- Fayette CA2021-10-024 {¶ 25} "The first factor, the length of the delay, is a 'triggering mechanism,' determining the necessity of inquiry into the other factors." Triplett at 569 .

512
Barker v. Wingogreen
scotus · 1972 · cited in 15 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1997–2024
2 sentences

2024"The first factor, the length of the delay, is a 'triggering mechanism,' determining the necessity of inquiry into the other factors." State v. Triplett, 78 Ohio St.3d 566, 569 (1997), quoting Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 530 (1972).

2022Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 530-532 , 92 S.Ct. 2182 (1972); State v. Triplett, 78 Ohio St.3d 566, 568 , 1997-Ohio- 182. -7- Fayette CA2021-10-024 {¶ 25} "The first factor, the length of the delay, is a 'triggering mechanism,' determining the necessity of inquiry into the other factors." Triplett at 569 .

215
State v. Princegreen
ohioctapp · 1991 · cited in 4 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2001–2013
2 sentences

2013The trial court did not err in refusing to instruct the jury on the defense of duress. {¶ 34} Ohio law recognizes a necessity defense where the following elements are present: "* * * (1) [T]he harm must be committed under the pressure of physical or natural force, rather than human force; (2) the harm sought to be avoided is greater than, or at least equal to that sought to be prevented by the law defining the offense charged; (3) the actor reasonably believes at the moment that No. 12AP-1003 14 his act is necessary and is designed to avoid the greater harm; (4) the actor must be without fault

2004In the leading case of Columbus v. Spingola (2001), 144 Ohio App.3d 76, 83 , 759 N.E.2d 473 , the Tenth District Court of Appeals listed the elements of the necessity defense in Ohio as follows: “(1) [T]he harm must be committed under the pressure of physical or natural force, rather than human force; (2) the harm sought to be avoided is greater than, or at least equal to that sought to be prevented by the law defining the offense charged; (3) the actor reasonably believes at the moment that his act is necessary and is designed to avoid the greater harm; (4) the actor must be without fault in

14
State v. Jacksongreen
ohio · 1980 · cited in 4 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1984–2000
2 sentences

1984The Ohio Supreme Court in State v. Lester (1975), 41 Ohio St. 2d 51 [ 70 O.O.2d 150 ], paragraph two of the syllabus, interpreted R.C. 2953.21 and the necessity for a hearing as follows: “R.C. 2953.21 requires the trial court to consider the allegations of the petition for postconviction relief and the particular facts upon which the petitioner bases his claim; if, upon such consideration, the trial court finds no grounds for a hearing, the court is required to make and file findings of fact and conclusions of law as to the reasons for dismissal and as to the grounds for relief relied upon in

1984The Ohio Supreme Court in State v. Lester (1975), 41 Ohio St. 2d 51 [ 70 O.O.2d 150 ], paragraph two of the syllabus, interpreted R.C. 2953.21 and the necessity for a hearing as follows: “R.C. 2953.21 requires the trial court to consider the allegations of the petition for postconviction relief and the particular facts upon which the petitioner bases his claim; if, upon such consideration, the trial court finds no grounds for a hearing, the court is required to make and file findings of fact and conclusions of law as to the reasons for dismissal and as to the grounds for relief relied upon in

14
City of Columbus v. Spingolagreen
ohioctapp · 2001 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2004–2013
2 sentences

2013The trial court did not err in refusing to instruct the jury on the defense of duress. {¶ 34} Ohio law recognizes a necessity defense where the following elements are present: "* * * (1) [T]he harm must be committed under the pressure of physical or natural force, rather than human force; (2) the harm sought to be avoided is greater than, or at least equal to that sought to be prevented by the law defining the offense charged; (3) the actor reasonably believes at the moment that No. 12AP-1003 14 his act is necessary and is designed to avoid the greater harm; (4) the actor must be without fault

2004In the leading case of Columbus v. Spingola (2001), 144 Ohio App.3d 76, 83 , 759 N.E.2d 473 , the Tenth District Court of Appeals listed the elements of the necessity defense in Ohio as follows: “(1) [T]he harm must be committed under the pressure of physical or natural force, rather than human force; (2) the harm sought to be avoided is greater than, or at least equal to that sought to be prevented by the law defining the offense charged; (3) the actor reasonably believes at the moment that his act is necessary and is designed to avoid the greater harm; (4) the actor must be without fault in

12
State v. Triplettgreen
ohio · 1997 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008Id. at 530-32 ; see, also, State v. Triplett , 78 Ohio St.3d 566 , 1997-Ohio-182 . {¶ 16} The length of the delay is the "triggering mechanism" that determines the necessity of inquiry into the other factors.

2008Id. {¶ 45} The first factor, the length of the delay, is a "`triggering mechanism,' determining the necessity of inquiry into the other factors. * * * [O]ne year is generally considered enough." State v. Triplett , 78 Ohio St.3d 566 , 1997-Ohio-182 , 679 N.E.2d 290 .

12
State v. Jenksred
ohio · 1991 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2001–2008
2 sentences

2001Gorman, P.J., Painter and Sundermann, JJ. 1 R.C. 2903.11 (A)(1) provides that "[n]o person shall knowingly cause serious physical harm to another or another's unborn." (Emphasis added). 2 See State v. Thompkins (1997), 78 Ohio St.3d 380 , 386 , 678 N.E.2d 541 , 546 ; State v. Jenks (1991), 61 Ohio St.3d 259 , 574 N.E.2d 492 , paragraph two of the syllabus (setting forth standard of review for sufficiency of the evidence). 3 R.C. 2929.18 (E) mentions a hearing to determine an offender's ability to pay a sanction, but leaves a determination of the necessity of such a hearing to the discretion of

2001Gorman, P.J., Painter and Sundermann, JJ. 1 R.C. 2903.11 (A)(1) provides that "[n]o person shall knowingly cause serious physical harm to another or another's unborn." (Emphasis added). 2 See State v. Thompkins (1997), 78 Ohio St.3d 380 , 386 , 678 N.E.2d 541 , 546 ; State v. Jenks (1991), 61 Ohio St.3d 259 , 574 N.E.2d 492 , paragraph two of the syllabus (setting forth standard of review for sufficiency of the evidence). 3 R.C. 2929.18 (E) mentions a hearing to determine an offender's ability to pay a sanction, but leaves a determination of the necessity of such a hearing to the discretion of

12
Columbia Gas v. Phelps Preferred Invests., L.L.C.green
ohioctapp · 2022 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
1 sentence

2023Compare Phelps Preferred Invests., 2022-Ohio-2540, at ¶ 36 (acknowledging the transformation of the temporary easement from its application before the OPSB to “a ‘perpetual temporary easement’ at the necessity hearing,” and finding significance that “the proposed easement * * * had no expiration date”). {¶88} During the necessity hearing, Columbia Gas presented the testimony of Thompson, who acknowledged the categorization of the “temporary perpetual easement” and described such easement as “necessary when Columbia [Gas] is doing its initial construction of the pipeline, as well as any future

11
Ohio River Pipe Line, LLC v. Gutheilgreen
ohioctapp · 2001 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
1 sentence

2023Indeed, a review of the respondents’ denials reflects that they are “sufficiently specific and factually supported to have required a necessity hearing.” Ohio River Pipe Line, LLC v. Gutheil, 144 Ohio App.3d 694, 698 (4th Dist.2001).

11
In Re Ruffalogreen
scotus · 1968 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021See In re Ruffalo, 390 U.S. 544, 551-552 , 88 S.Ct. 1222 , 20 L.Ed.2d 117 (1968) (admonishing against turning the attorney-disciplinary proceeding into a trap).

2021See In re Ruffalo, 390 U.S. 544, 551-552 , 88 S.Ct. 1222 , 20 L.Ed.2d 117 (1968) (admonishing against turning the attorney-disciplinary proceeding into a trap).

11
State v. Milesgreen
ohioctapp · 2017 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
2 sentences

2020State v. Miles, 2017-Ohio-7639 , 97 N.E.3d 859, ¶ 12 (2d Dist.). {¶ 10} Here, the record establishes that the trial court did not consider Wilson’s ILC motion before imposing sentence.

2020State v. Miles, 2017-Ohio-7639 , 97 N.E.3d 859, ¶ 12 (2d Dist.). {¶ 10} Here, the record establishes that the trial court did not consider Wilson’s ILC motion before imposing sentence.

11
Nolan v. Nolangreen
ohio · 1984 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
1 sentence

2019Id. at ¶ 35- 36. {¶ 24} It is axiomatic that a trial court may not contradict or ignore a mandate of a reviewing court: Although the law-of-the-case doctrine generally is "a rule of practice rather than a binding rule of substantive law," [Nolan v. Nolan, 11 Ohio St.3d 1, 3 (1984)], we have also explained that "the Ohio Constitution 'does not grant to a court of common pleas jurisdiction to review a prior mandate of a court of appeals.'" State ex rel.

11
State v. Hullgreen
ohio · 2006 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
2 sentences

2019Cuyahoga No. 105243, 2017-Ohio-6895 , ¶ 9, quoting State v. Triplett, 78 Ohio St.3d 566, 569 , 679 N.E.2d 290 (1997); see also Adams at ¶ 89 (“[B]efore engaging in any balancing test under Selvage and Barker, the court must make a threshold determination concerning the length of delay.”). “‘Until there is some delay which is presumptively prejudicial, there is no necessity for inquiry into the other factors that go into the balance.’” (Emphasis deleted.) State v. Hull, 110 Ohio St.3d 183 , 2006-Ohio-4252 , 852 N.E.2d 706, ¶ 23 , quoting Barker at 530 .

2019Cuyahoga No. 105243, 2017-Ohio-6895 , ¶ 9, quoting State v. Triplett, 78 Ohio St.3d 566, 569 , 679 N.E.2d 290 (1997); see also Adams at ¶ 89 (“[B]efore engaging in any balancing test under Selvage and Barker, the court must make a threshold determination concerning the length of delay.”). “‘Until there is some delay which is presumptively prejudicial, there is no necessity for inquiry into the other factors that go into the balance.’” (Emphasis deleted.) State v. Hull, 110 Ohio St.3d 183 , 2006-Ohio-4252 , 852 N.E.2d 706, ¶ 23 , quoting Barker at 530 .

11
Perry v. Ltv Steel Co.green
ohioctapp · 1992 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
2 sentences

2011See Perry v. LTV Steel Co. (1992), 84 Ohio App.3d 670, 680 , 618 N.E.2d 179 (discussing the necessity of a hearing to determine attorney’s fees).

2011See Perry v. LTV Steel Co. (1992), 84 Ohio App.3d 670, 680 , 618 N.E.2d 179 (discussing the necessity of a hearing to determine attorney’s fees).

11
Malone v. Courtyard by Marriott Ltd. Partnershipgreen
ohio · 1996 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11
City of St. Louis v. Klockergreen
moctapp · 1982 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
11
State v. Calhoungreen
ohio · 1999 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
11
State v. Haleygreen
orctapp · 1983 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992
11
Ker v. Californiagreen
scotus · 1963 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 1965–1965
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Ohio. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (30)

CaseCitedYears
Doggett v. United States green
scotus · 1992
2 sentences

2008Id. at 467. {¶ 22} "The first [Barker] factor, the length of delay, is a `triggering mechanism,' determining the necessity of inquiry into the other factors." Doggett v. United States (1992), 505 U.S. 647 , 652 , 112 S.Ct. 2686 , 2691 , 120 L.Ed.2d 520 , 528 , fn. 1; State v. Triplett (1997), 78 Ohio St.3d 556 , 558 .

2008Id. at 467. {¶ 22} "The first [Barker] factor, the length of delay, is a `triggering mechanism,' determining the necessity of inquiry into the other factors." Doggett v. United States (1992), 505 U.S. 647 , 652 , 112 S.Ct. 2686 , 2691 , 120 L.Ed.2d 520 , 528 , fn. 1; State v. Triplett (1997), 78 Ohio St.3d 556 , 558 .

71997–2008
Roosa v. Boston Loan Co. green
mass · 1882
2 sentences

1895In Roosa v. The Boston Loan Company, 132 Mass., 439 , it was held: “The statement by a patient to his physician of the cause of an injury from which he is suffering is inadmissible as evidence of that cause in an action for the injury.” Endicott, J., in the opinion says: “ When the bodily or mental feelings of a party are to be proved, his exclamations or expressions indicating present pain or malady are competent evidence, and in Bacon v. Charlton, 7 Cush., 581 and 586, where this rule is stated, it was said by the court: ‘Such evidence, however, is not to be extended bejmnd the necessity on

1895In Roosa v. The Boston Loan Company, 132 Mass. 439 , it was held; “The statement by a patient to his physician of the cause of an injury from which he is suffering is inadmissible as evidence of that cause in an action for the injury.” Endicott, J., in the opinion says: “When the bodily or mental feelings of a party are to be proved, his exclamations or expressions indicating present pain or malady are competent evidence, and in Bacon v. Charlton, 7 Cush. 581 and 586, where this rule is stated, it was said by the court: ‘Such evidence, however, is not to be extended beyond the necessity on whi

31895–1919
Kettering v. Berry green
ohioctapp · 1990
2 sentences

2004Thus, "[t]he burden of going forward with the evidence of an affirmative defense, and the burden of proof, by a preponderance of the evidence, for an affirmative defense, is upon the accused." R.C. 2901.05 (A). {¶ 32} The necessity defense contains the following elements: {¶ 33} "(1) the harm must be committed under the pressure of physical or natural force, rather than human force; (2) the harm sought to be avoided is greater than (or at least equal to) that sought to be prevented by the law defining the offense charged; (3) the actor reasonably believes at the moment that his act is necessar

1990Therefore, pursuant to the holding and the rationale of Berry (id. at 67-69, 567 N.E.2d at 319-320 ), appellant’s second, third and fourth assignments of error are overruled.

21990–2004
State v. Lester green
ohio · 1975
2 sentences

1999The Ohio Supreme Court interpreted R.C. 2953.21 and the necessity for a hearing in State v. Lester (1975), 41 Ohio St.2d 51 : "`R.C. 2953.21 requires the trial court to consider the allegations of the petition for post-conviction relief and the particular facts upon which the petitioner bases his claim; if, upon such consideration, the trial court finds no grounds for a hearing, the court is required to make and file findings of fact and conclusions of law as to the reasons for dismissal and as to the grounds for relief relied upon in the petition.' Id. at paragraph two of the syllabus.

1999The Ohio Supreme Court interpreted R.C. 2953.21 and the necessity for a hearing in State v. Lester (1975), 41 Ohio St.2d 51 : "`R.C. 2953.21 requires the trial court to consider the allegations of the petition for post-conviction relief and the particular facts upon which the petitioner bases his claim; if, upon such consideration, the trial court finds no grounds for a hearing, the court is required to make and file findings of fact and conclusions of law as to the reasons for dismissal and as to the grounds for relief relied upon in the petition.' Id. at paragraph two of the syllabus.

21984–1999
Inhabitants of Ashland v. Inhabitants of Marlborough green
mass · 1868
2 sentences

1919Any thing in the nature of narration or statement is to be carefully excluded, and the testimony is to be confined strictly to such complaints, exclamations and expressions as usually and naturally accompany, and furnish evidence of, a present existing pain or malady.” In the case of Inhabitants of Ashland v. Inhabitants of Marlborough, 99 Mass., 47, the court say: “A physician’s testimony can not include a recital of past events which his patient made to him.” In Roosa v. Boston Loan Co., 132 Mass., 439 , it was held: “The statement by a patient to his physician of the cause of an injury from

1895Anything in the nature of narration or statement, is to be carefully excluded,and the testimony is to be confined strictly to such complaints, exclamations and expressions as usually and naturally accompany and furnish evidence of present existing pain or malady.’ The defendants are entitled to a new trial in consequence of the admission of the plaintiff’s statement,” The Inhabitants of Ashland v. The Inhabitants of Marborough, 99 Mass. 47 , was an action to recover money expened in supporting William H.

21895–1919
Ohio Power Co. v. Burns green
· 2022
2 sentences

2024Ohio Power Company v. Burns, 2022-Ohio-4713, ¶ 42 . {¶3} Upon remand, the trial court issued a post-remand order in which it reviewed the transcript of the necessity hearing and found that Ohio Power had presented evidence that all the challenged easement terms were necessary, except the distribution lines term, which it found to be a moot issue.

2024Ohio Power Company v. Burns, 2022-Ohio-4713, ¶ 42 . {¶3} Upon remand, the trial court issued a post-remand order in which it reviewed the transcript of the necessity hearing and found that Ohio Power had presented evidence that all the challenged easement terms were necessary, except the distribution lines term, which it found to be a moot issue.

12024–2024
State v. Boggs green
ohio · 1992
2 sentences

2021However, Evid.R. 608(B) clearly prohibits this type of testimony: “Specific instances of the conduct of a witness, for the purpose of attacking or supporting the 23. witness’s character for truthfulness, other than conviction of crime as provided in Evid.R. 609, may not be proved by extrinsic evidence.” (Emphasis added.) The purpose of this rule is to protect “a legitimate state interest in preventing criminal trials from bogging down in matters collateral to the crime with which the defendant was charged,” State v. Boggs, 63 Ohio St.3d 418, 422-423 , 588 N.E.2d 813 (1992), and the necessity o

2021However, Evid.R. 608(B) clearly prohibits this type of testimony: “Specific instances of the conduct of a witness, for the purpose of attacking or supporting the 23. witness’s character for truthfulness, other than conviction of crime as provided in Evid.R. 609, may not be proved by extrinsic evidence.” (Emphasis added.) The purpose of this rule is to protect “a legitimate state interest in preventing criminal trials from bogging down in matters collateral to the crime with which the defendant was charged,” State v. Boggs, 63 Ohio St.3d 418, 422-423 , 588 N.E.2d 813 (1992), and the necessity o

12021–2021
Ohio State Bar Ass'n v. Reid green
ohio · 1999
2 sentences

2021While this court is the ultimate arbiter of attorney-discipline matters, see Ohio State Bar Assn. v. Reid, 85 Ohio St.3d 327 , 708 N.E.2d 193 (1999), paragraph one of the syllabus, I cannot support the board’s recommendation in this case, because the disciplinary panel did not render procedural fairness—with its “surprise,” late-hour rejection of the parties’ efforts to resolve the matter without the necessity of a hearing.

2021While this court is the ultimate arbiter of attorney-discipline matters, see Ohio State Bar Assn. v. Reid, 85 Ohio St.3d 327 , 708 N.E.2d 193 (1999), paragraph one of the syllabus, I cannot support the board’s recommendation in this case, because the disciplinary panel did not render procedural fairness—with its “surprise,” late-hour rejection of the parties’ efforts to resolve the matter without the necessity of a hearing.

12021–2021
State v. Waltz green
ohioctapp · 2014
1 sentence

2018Clermont No. CA2013-10-077, 2014-Ohio-2474 , wherein I dissented.

12018–2018
Masny v. Vallo, Unpublished Decision (5-5-2005) green
ohioctapp · 2005
1 sentence

2017Cuyahoga No. 84938, 2005-Ohio-2178 , 2005 WL 1048237 , ¶ 15. {¶ 12} Civ.R. 55(A) governs the entry of default judgment and the necessity of a hearing on damages: If, in order to enable the court to enter judgment or to carry it into effect, it is necessary to take an account or to determine the amount of damages or to establish the truth of any averment by evidence or to make an investigation of any other matter, the court may conduct such hearings or order such references as it deems necessary and proper and shall when applicable accord a right of trial by jury to the parties. {¶ 13} Under Ci

12017–2017
State v. Cebula green
ohioctapp · 2014
2 sentences

2017Lake No. 2013-L-085, 2014-Ohio-3276 , the court noted that the entry referring Cebula for an ILC assessment stated “ ‘it appears that defendant may be eligible’ for ILC.” Cebula, ¶ 18.

2017Lake No. 2013-L-085, 2014-Ohio-3276 , 2014 WL 3734173 , the court noted that the entry referring Cebula for an ILC assessment stated " 'it appears that defendant may be eligible' for ILC." Cebula , ¶ 18.

12017–2017
State v. Bodyke green
ohio · 2010
1 sentence

2011In State of Ohio v. Bodyke, 2010 Ohio 2424 , the Ohio Supreme Court found that the reclassification of offenders was unconstitutional and that the three-tier registration scheme of the Adam Walsh Act ‘* * * may not be applied to offenders previously adjudicated by judges under Megan’s Law, and the classifications and community-notification and registration orders imposed previously by judges are reinstated.’ Undoubtedly, the recent Bodyke decision prompted the Defendant’s motion to withdraw his plea.” The trial court noted in a footnote that there was no evidence that Pritchett had been classi

12011–2011
State v. Bush green
ohio · 2002
1 sentence

2008State v. Bush, 96 Ohio St.3d 235 , 2002-Ohio-3993 , 773 N.E.2d 522 ; State v. Smith (1977), 49 Ohio St.2d 261 , 3 O.O.3d 402 , 361 N.E.2d 1324 .

12008–2008
State v. Smith green
ohio · 1977
2 sentences

2008State v. Bush, 96 Ohio St.3d 235 , 2002-Ohio-3993 , 773 N.E.2d 522 ; State v. Smith (1977), 49 Ohio St.2d 261 , 3 O.O.3d 402 , 361 N.E.2d 1324 .

2008State v. Bush, 96 Ohio St.3d 235 , 2002-Ohio-3993 , 773 N.E.2d 522 ; State v. Smith (1977), 49 Ohio St.2d 261 , 3 O.O.3d 402 , 361 N.E.2d 1324 .

12008–2008
State v. Bush green
ohio · 2002
2 sentences

2008State v. Bush, 96 Ohio St.3d 235 , 2002-Ohio-3993 , 773 N.E.2d 522 ; State v. Smith (1977), 49 Ohio St.2d 261 , 3 O.O.3d 402 , 361 N.E.2d 1324 .

2008State v. Bush, 96 Ohio St.3d 235 , 2002-Ohio-3993 , 773 N.E.2d 522 ; State v. Smith (1977), 49 Ohio St.2d 261 , 3 O.O.3d 402 , 361 N.E.2d 1324 .

12008–2008
Hammond v. Dallman green
ohio · 1992
12007–2007
State v. Lessin green
ohio · 1993
1 sentence

2007Id.

12007–2007
State v. Procter green
ohioctapp · 1977
12005–2005
State v. Selvage green
ohio · 1997
12003–2003
State v. Deem green
ohio · 1988
12002–2002
Masheter v. Benua green
ohioctapp · 1970
12001–2001
State v. White green
ohio · 1987
12001–2001
State v. Thompkins red
ohio · 1997
12001–2001
State v. Homan green
ohio · 2000
12001–2001
State v. Horton green
ohioctapp · 1993
12000–2000
State v. Brown green
ohio · 1988
12000–2000
Kala v. Aluminum Smelting & Refining Co. green
ohio · 1998
11998–1998
Matson v. Marks green
ohioctapp · 1972
11974–1974
Mapp v. Ohio green
scotus · 1961
11965–1965
Mastroianni v. Board of Liquor Control neutral
ohioctapp · 1954
11959–1959

Statutes the citing opinions construe

OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2945.71 (12) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2945.72 (9) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2941.25 (5) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2901.22 (4) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2925.11 (4) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2929.14 (4) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2945.73 (4) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2953.21 (4) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 163.09 (3) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2905.01 (3) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2921.331 (3) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2929.11 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 298 (1906–2026) GA 219 (1918–2023) CA 190 (1894–2026) IL 97 (1883–2026) OH 65 (1895–2025) NY 63 (1899–2025) WA 59 (1898–2026) PA 51 (1850–2026) FL 45 (1933–2026) IN 40 (1889–2026) IA 38 (1862–2025) MA 35 (1971–2026) MD 34 (1963–2023) MN 33 (1904–2018) CT 30 (1908–2025) MI 30 (1888–2026) NC 29 (1895–2026) AK 29 (1964–2025) AL 28 (1879–2016) AZ 26 (1938–2025) KS 26 (1918–2026) ID 25 (1964–2024) MO 25 (1903–2023) NJ 24 (1957–2024) LA 23 (1909–2013) MS 23 (1952–2025) WI 21 (1908–2025) TN 20 (1927–2022) DC 20 (1974–2024) KY 19 (1874–2023) OR 18 (1909–2023) VT 18 (1909–2011) MT 18 (1936–2020) VA 16 (1996–2025) OK 15 (1942–2014) UT 15 (1929–2026) CO 14 (1887–2025) WV 12 (1904–2022) NM 12 (1917–2022) RI 9 (1937–2009) ND 9 (1892–2019) AR 8 (1911–2007) DE 8 (1937–2021) HI 8 (1976–2022) WY 7 (1983–2025) ME 6 (1941–1990) SD 6 (1975–2005) SC 5 (1894–2020) NE 5 (1952–2016) NV 3 (1984–2010) NH 2 (1928–2011)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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