distinct claim (Illinois) · Go Syfert
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distinct claim in Illinois

55 Illinois opinions name it 2 courts 1886–2025 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Illinois courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (15)

CaseFollowedCited
First Springfield Bank & Trust v. Galmangreen
ill · 1999 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2018–2019
2 sentences

2019See id. at 259 (“[W]hen Briske, Merlo, and Thompson ask whether the defendant might have reasonably anticipated the intervening efficient cause as a natural and probable result of his or her own negligence, they are in effect asking whether the intervening efficient cause was of a type that a reasonable person would see as a likely result of his or her conduct.”). ¶ 38 So at bottom, the question is whether the intervening, negligent driving of Szczepaniak, in speeding and failing to yield to pedestrians in a crosswalk, was reasonably foreseeable to Kessanti (and thus by extension to Uber) afte

2018See id. at 259 , 242 Ill.Dec. 113 , 720 N.E.2d 1068 ("[W]hen Briske, Merlo, and Thompson ask whether the defendant might have reasonably anticipated the intervening efficient cause as a natural and probable result of his or her own negligence, they are in effect asking whether the intervening efficient cause was of a type that a reasonable person would see as a likely result of his or her conduct."). ¶ 38 So at bottom, the question is whether the intervening, negligent driving of Szczepaniak, in speeding and failing to yield to pedestrians in a crosswalk, was reasonably foreseeable to Kessanti

22
People v. Robinsongreen
ill · 2005 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007As our court endeavored to explain in People v. Robinson, 217 Ill. 2d 43, 51-54 (2005), it is one thing to hold that a governmental entity is under an obligatory duty which it is required to perform, as opposed to a permissive power which it may exercise or not as it chooses.

2007As our court endeavored to explain in People v. Robinson, 217 Ill.2d 43, 51-54 , 298 Ill.Dec. 37 , 838 N.E.2d 930 (2005), it is one thing to hold that a governmental entity is under an obligatory duty which it is required to *36 perform, as opposed to a permissive power which it may exercise or not as it chooses.

22
Simmons v. Union Electric Co.green
ill · 1984 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
2 sentences

2004Simmons v. Union Electric Co., 104 Ill. 2d 444, 458 (1984); Vegich v. McDougal Hartmann Co., 84 Ill. 2d 461 (1981) (when the safety statute’s purpose of prevention is frustrated by a wilful violation and an accident follows, the full burden of the loss must be laid on the wrongdoer, even if the victim was himself negligent); Rost v. F.H.

2004Simmons v. Union Electric Co. , 104 Ill. 2d 444, 458 (1984); Vegich v. McDougal Hartmann Co. , 84 Ill. 2d 461 (1981) (when the safety statute's purpose of prevention is frustrated by a wilful violation and an accident follows, the full burden of the loss must be laid on the wrongdoer, even if the victim was himself negligent); Rost v. F.H.

22
Clemmons v. Travelers Insurance Co.green
ill · 1981 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
2 sentences

1999See Clemmons , 88 Ill. 2d 469 ; Murphy , 88 Ill. 2d 444 ; Thornton , 74 Ill. 2d 132 ; Kinnan , 317 Ill. 251 ; Sims v. Illinois National Casualty Co. , 43 Ill.

1999See Clemmons, 88 Ill. 2d 469 ; Murphy, 88 Ill. 2d 444 ; Thornton, 74 Ill. 2d 132 ; Kinnan, 317 Ill. 251 ; Sims v. Illinois National Casualty Co., 43 Ill.

22
Vavra v. Belmont Fire Protection Districtgreen
ill · 1986 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
2 sentences

1997The supreme court in In re Belmont Fire Protection District , 111 Ill. 2d 373, 380 , 489 N.E.2d 1385, 1388 (1986) established that, in order for legislation to survive a challenge as unconstitutional special legislation, it must satisfy a so-called "two-prong test." This label was later qualified by the supreme court when it emphasized that the "two-prong test" was not a distinct test in and of itself, but rather a description of how rational basis review is conducted by the courts.

1997The supreme court in In re Belmont Fire Protection District , 111 Ill. 2d 373, 380 , 489 N.E.2d 1385, 1388 (1986) established that, in order for legislation to survive a challenge as unconstitutional special legislation, it must satisfy a so-called "two-prong test." This label was later qualified by the supreme court when it emphasized that the "two-prong test" was not a distinct test in and of itself, but rather a description of how rational basis review is conducted by the courts.

22
Village of Vernon Hills v. Vernon Fire Protection Districtgreen
ill · 1995 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
2 sentences

1997In re Petition of Village of Vernon Hills , 168 Ill. 2d 117, 127 , 658 N.E.2d 365, 369-70 (1995).

1997In re Petition of Village of Vernon Hills , 168 Ill. 2d 117, 127 , 658 N.E.2d 365, 369-70 (1995).

22
Employers Insurance v. Ehlco Liquidating Trustgreen
ill · 1999 · cited in 4 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2000–2008
2 sentences

2008"It arose out of the recognition that an insurer's duty to defend under a liability insurance policy is so fundamental an obligation that a breach of that duty constitutes a repudiation of the contract. [Citation.] Although the doctrine also has roots in the principle of equitable estoppel, * * * it has since developed into a distinct doctrine that stands on its own." Employers Insurance of Wausau v. Ehlco Liquidating Trust, 186 Ill.2d 127, 151 , 237 Ill.Dec. 82 , 708 N.E.2d 1122 (1999).

2008"It arose out of the recognition that an insurer's duty to defend under a liability insurance policy is so fundamental an obligation that a breach of that duty constitutes a repudiation of the contract. [Citation.] Although the doctrine also has roots in the principle of equitable estoppel, * * * it has since developed into a distinct doctrine that stands on its own." Employers Insurance of Wausau v. Ehlco Liquidating Trust, 186 Ill.2d 127, 151 , 237 Ill.Dec. 82 , 708 N.E.2d 1122 (1999).

14
Harris v. Thompsongreen
ill · 2012 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016Whether a plaintiff can establish that a local public entity owed a duty is a separate and distinct inquiry from the issue of whether defendants can claim a statutory immunity is available as a defense. - 18 - Therefore, “[o]nce a court determines that a duty exists, it then addresses whether [statutory immunity] applies.” Harris v. Thompson, 2012 IL 112525, ¶ 17 (citing Arteman, 198 Ill. 2d at 480 , and Village of Bloomingdale, 196 Ill. 2d at 490 ).

2016Therefore, “[o]nce a court determines that a duty exists, it then addresses whether [statutory immunity] applies.” Harris v. Thompson, 2012 IL 112525 , - 14 - ¶ 17 (citing Arteman, 198 Ill. 2d at 480 , and Village of Bloomingdale, 196 Ill. 2d at 490 ).

12
In re D.D.green
illappct · 2022 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025See D.D., 2022 IL App (1st) 220410, ¶ 73 .

11
Illinois State Bar Ass'n Mutual Insurance Co. v. Canulligreen
illappct · 2021 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021See Illinois State Bar Ass’n Mutual Insurance Co. v. Canulli, 2019 IL App (1st) 190141, ¶ 17 (“[I]f a claim based on the same operative facts remains pending when the court issues Rule 304(a) language, then the court has not resolved even a part of the dispute, and the order is nonfinal.”).

11
People v. Reedgreen
illappct · 2015 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021These goals are laudable, but they nonetheless conflict with the nature of appellate review and the strictures of the Act.’” Reed, 2014 IL App (1st) 122610, ¶ 43 (quoting Jones, 213 Ill. 2d at 504-05 .). ¶ 28 Reed illustrates that a distinct claim cannot be raised for the first time on appeal, even if it is factually related to a claim in the petition.

2021In that case, the defendant alleged in his postconviction petition that counsel on direct appeal was ineffective for failing to challenge, on hearsay grounds, the admissibility of defendant’s alleged statement to police. 2014 IL App (1st) 122610, ¶¶ 28, 59 .

11
In Re Marriage of Suriano and LaFebergreen
illappct · 2001 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
11
Williams v. State of Californiagreen
cal · 1983 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
11
Lebron v. Gottlieb Memorial Hospitalgreen
ill · 2010 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
Moy v. County of Cookgreen
ill · 1994 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (1)

CaseNegativeCited
Pekin Insurance v. Pulte Home Corp.green
illappct · 2010 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
11

Also cited on this issue (35)

CaseCitedYears
In Re Marriage of Brackett green
illappct · 1999
2 sentences

2020If the trial court wishes to hold a separate and distinct hearing on the petition, it has the discretion to do so.” Id. ¶ 91 In In re Marriage of Suriano and LaFeber, 324 Ill.

2001But, “[i]f the trial court wishes to hold a separate and distinct hearing on the petition, it has the discretion to do so.” Brackett, 309 Ill.

52001–2020
Vegich v. McDougal Hartmann Co. green
ill · 1981
2 sentences

2004Simmons v. Union Electric Co., 104 Ill. 2d 444, 458 (1984); Vegich v. McDougal Hartmann Co., 84 Ill. 2d 461 (1981) (when the safety statute’s purpose of prevention is frustrated by a wilful violation and an accident follows, the full burden of the loss must be laid on the wrongdoer, even if the victim was himself negligent); Rost v. F.H.

2004Simmons v. Union Electric Co. , 104 Ill. 2d 444, 458 (1984); Vegich v. McDougal Hartmann Co. , 84 Ill. 2d 461 (1981) (when the safety statute's purpose of prevention is frustrated by a wilful violation and an accident follows, the full burden of the loss must be laid on the wrongdoer, even if the victim was himself negligent); Rost v. F.H.

31984–2004
Carterville Coal Co. v. Abbott neutral
· 1899
2 sentences

1981Stat. 1889, ch. 93, par. 3), explained: “To hold that the same principle as to contributory negligence should be applied in case of one who is injured in a mine because the owner, operator or manager totally disregarded the statute, as in other cases of negligence, *** would destroy the effect of the statute and in no manner regard the duty of protecting the life and safety of miners.” ( 181 Ill. 495, 502 .) The court also noted that the common law required that the injured miner be free from contributory negligence, but said, “This legislation fixes a broad and distinct exception from the gen

1981Stat. 1889, ch. 93, par. 3), explained: “To hold that the same principle as to contributory negligence should be applied in case of one who is injured in a mine because the owner, operator or manager totally disregarded the statute, as in other cases of negligence, *** would destroy the effect of the statute and in no manner regard the duty of protecting the life and safety of miners.” ( 181 Ill. 495, 502 .) The court also noted that the common law required that the injured miner be free from contributory negligence, but said, “This legislation fixes a broad and distinct exception from the gen

31980–1984
Arteman v. CLINTON COM. UNIT SCHOOL DIST. green
ill · 2002
2 sentences

2016Whether a plaintiff can establish that a local public entity owed a duty is a separate and distinct inquiry from the issue of whether defendants can claim a statutory immunity is available as a defense. - 18 - Therefore, “[o]nce a court determines that a duty exists, it then addresses whether [statutory immunity] applies.” Harris v. Thompson, 2012 IL 112525, ¶ 17 (citing Arteman, 198 Ill. 2d at 480 , and Village of Bloomingdale, 196 Ill. 2d at 490 ).

2016Therefore, “[o]nce a court determines that a duty exists, it then addresses whether [statutory immunity] applies.” Harris v. Thompson, 2012 IL 112525 , - 14 - ¶ 17 (citing Arteman, 198 Ill. 2d at 480 , and Village of Bloomingdale, 196 Ill. 2d at 490 ).

22016–2016
Village of Bloomingdale v. CDG Enterprises, Inc. green
ill · 2001
2 sentences

2016Whether a plaintiff can establish that a local public entity owed a duty is a separate and distinct inquiry from the issue of whether defendants can claim a statutory immunity is available as a defense. - 18 - Therefore, “[o]nce a court determines that a duty exists, it then addresses whether [statutory immunity] applies.” Harris v. Thompson, 2012 IL 112525, ¶ 17 (citing Arteman, 198 Ill. 2d at 480 , and Village of Bloomingdale, 196 Ill. 2d at 490 ).

2016Therefore, “[o]nce a court determines that a duty exists, it then addresses whether [statutory immunity] applies.” Harris v. Thompson, 2012 IL 112525 , - 14 - ¶ 17 (citing Arteman, 198 Ill. 2d at 480 , and Village of Bloomingdale, 196 Ill. 2d at 490 ).

22016–2016
Unger v. Continental Assurance Co. green
ill · 1985
2 sentences

2014Indeed, any such statement would be directly contrary to Meerbrey and Collier, which clearly set forth noncompensable injuries as a category separate from injuries that do not arise out of or in the course of employment. ¶ 41 A similar analysis applies to Unger, 107 Ill. 2d 79 , which, like Sjostrom, was decided before the Meerbrey court reaffirmed lack of compensability as a distinct exception to the Act’s exclusivity bar.

2014Indeed, any such statement would be directly contrary to Meerbrey and Collier, which clearly set forth noncompensable injuries as a category separate from injuries that do not arise out of or in the course of employment. ¶ 41 A similar analysis applies to Unger, 107 Ill. 2d 79 , which, like Sjostrom, was decided before the Meerbrey court reaffirmed lack of compensability as a distinct exception to the Act’s exclusivity bar.

22014–2014
Hudson v. City of Chicago green
ill · 2008
2 sentences

2011Hudson, 228 Ill. 2d at 467 , 889 N.E.2d at 213 .

2011Hudson, 228 Ill. 2d at 467 , 889 N.E.2d at 213 .

22011–2011
Stevanovic v. City of Chicago green
illappct · 2008
2 sentences

2010Stevanovic, 385 Ill.

2010Stevanovic, 385 Ill.

22010–2010
Those Certain Underwriters at Lloyd's v. Professional Underwriters Agency, Inc. green
illappct · 2006
2 sentences

2008"An insurer opting to defend its insured under a reservation of rights *357 * * * avoids estoppel in a subsequent policy suit because it forestalls the insured's claim that [he] was prejudiced by the insurer's conflict of interest or monopolization of the defense." Lloyd's, 364 Ill.

2007“An insurer opting to defend its insured under a reservation of rights *** avoids estoppel in a subsequent policy suit because it forestalls the insured’s claim that [he] was prejudiced by the insurer’s conflict of interest or monopolization of the defense.” Lloyd’s, 364 Ill.

22007–2008
Porter v. Decatur Memorial Hospital green
ill · 2008
2 sentences

2008Porter, 227 Ill. 2d at 358-59 , 882 N.E.2d at 592 .

2008Porter, 227 Ill. 2d at 358-59 , 882 N.E.2d at 592 .

22008–2008
United States Fidelity & Guaranty Co. v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance green
illappct · 1987
2 sentences

2008Perez further argues that State Farm Casualty had a duty to defend based on this court’s analysis in United States Fidelity & Guaranty Co. v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co., 152 Ill.

2008Contrary to Perez’s assertion, neither of these allegations in Perez’s negligent modification claim was a separate and distinct claim from the allegations related to Baeza’s negligent use and operation of the car. 13 1-07-2601 Perez further argues that State Farm Casualty had a duty to defend based on this court’s analysis in United States Fidelity & Guaranty Co. v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co., 152 Ill.

22008–2008
Sims Ex Rel. Ruark v. Illinois National Casualty Co. green
illappct · 1963
2 sentences

1999See Clemmons , 88 Ill. 2d 469 ; Murphy , 88 Ill. 2d 444 ; Thornton , 74 Ill. 2d 132 ; Kinnan , 317 Ill. 251 ; Sims v. Illinois National Casualty Co. , 43 Ill.

1999See Clemmons, 88 Ill. 2d 469 ; Murphy, 88 Ill. 2d 444 ; Thornton, 74 Ill. 2d 132 ; Kinnan, 317 Ill. 251 ; Sims v. Illinois National Casualty Co., 43 Ill.

21999–1999
Kinnan v. Charles B. Hurst Co. green
ill · 1925
2 sentences

1999See Clemmons , 88 Ill. 2d 469 ; Murphy , 88 Ill. 2d 444 ; Thornton , 74 Ill. 2d 132 ; Kinnan , 317 Ill. 251 ; Sims v. Illinois National Casualty Co. , 43 Ill.

1999See Clemmons, 88 Ill. 2d 469 ; Murphy, 88 Ill. 2d 444 ; Thornton, 74 Ill. 2d 132 ; Kinnan, 317 Ill. 251 ; Sims v. Illinois National Casualty Co., 43 Ill.

21999–1999
Murphy v. Urso green
ill · 1981
2 sentences

1999See Clemmons , 88 Ill. 2d 469 ; Murphy , 88 Ill. 2d 444 ; Thornton , 74 Ill. 2d 132 ; Kinnan , 317 Ill. 251 ; Sims v. Illinois National Casualty Co. , 43 Ill.

1999See Clemmons, 88 Ill. 2d 469 ; Murphy, 88 Ill. 2d 444 ; Thornton, 74 Ill. 2d 132 ; Kinnan, 317 Ill. 251 ; Sims v. Illinois National Casualty Co., 43 Ill.

21999–1999
Thornton v. Paul green
ill · 1978
2 sentences

1999See Clemmons , 88 Ill. 2d 469 ; Murphy , 88 Ill. 2d 444 ; Thornton , 74 Ill. 2d 132 ; Kinnan , 317 Ill. 251 ; Sims v. Illinois National Casualty Co. , 43 Ill.

1999See Clemmons, 88 Ill. 2d 469 ; Murphy, 88 Ill. 2d 444 ; Thornton, 74 Ill. 2d 132 ; Kinnan, 317 Ill. 251 ; Sims v. Illinois National Casualty Co., 43 Ill.

21999–1999
Pasquale v. Speed Products Engineering green
ill · 1995
2 sentences

1997Pasquale, 166 Ill. 2d at 366 , 654 N.E.2d at 1380 .

1997Pasquale, 166 Ill. 2d at 366 , 654 N.E.2d at 1380 .

21997–1997
In Re Support of Halford green
illappct · 1979
2 sentences

1981App. 3d 609 , 388 N.E.2d 1131 , section 510(b) of the Marriage Act parted with past law and established a new and distinct standard for termination of maintenance or alimony, which standard amounted to a husband-wife type relationship although not formalized legally.

1980App. 3d 609, 612 , 388 N.E.2d 1131,1134 ), reading sections 510(a) and 510(b) together would disregard the clearly expressed intention of the legislature to establish a new and distinct standard for termination of maintenance.

21980–1981
Walker v. Shults Auto Sales, Inc. green
illappct · 2025
1 sentence

2025Section 2310(d)(1)(A)-(B) ( 15 U.S.C. § 2310 (d)(1)(A)-(B) (2018)) provides: “(1) Subject to [provisions not applicable here], a consumer who is damaged by the failure of a supplier, warrantor, or service contractor to comply with any obligation under this chapter, or under a written warranty, implied warranty, or service contract, may bring suit for damages and other legal and equitable relief— (A) in any court of competent jurisdiction in any State or the District of Columbia; or (B) in an appropriate district court of the United States, subject to paragraph (3) of this subsection.” Attorney

12025–2025
People v. Jones green
ill · 2004
1 sentence

2021These goals are laudable, but they nonetheless conflict with the nature of appellate review and the strictures of the Act.’” Reed, 2014 IL App (1st) 122610, ¶ 43 (quoting Jones, 213 Ill. 2d at 504-05 .). ¶ 28 Reed illustrates that a distinct claim cannot be raised for the first time on appeal, even if it is factually related to a claim in the petition.

12021–2021
People v. P.H. green
ill · 1991
12015–2015
W.L. Miller Co. v. Zehnder green
illappct · 2000
12009–2009
General Cas. Co. of Illinois v. McCowan green
illappct · 1991
11996–1996
Patton v. Carbondale Clinic, S.C. neutral
illappct · 1993
11994–1994
People v. Montgomery green
illappct · 1974
11981–1981
VonBoeckmann v. Corn Products Refining Co. neutral
ill · 1916
11981–1981
Landesman v. General Motors Corp. green
illappct · 1976
11978–1978
Brooks v. Midas-International Corp. green
illappct · 1977
11978–1978
Potter v. Great American Indemnity Co. of New York green
mass · 1944
11956–1956
Clancey v. McBride green
ill · 1929
11940–1940
Quinn v. Ohlerking neutral
illappct · 1890
11940–1940
Posselt v. D'Espard neutral
njch · 1917
11919–1919
Kershaw v. Kelsey green
mass · 1868
11919–1919
Chicago & Alton Railroad v. O'Neil neutral
ill · 1898
11899–1899
Lamb v. Montague neutral
mass · 1873
11889–1889
La Farge v. Halsey neutral
nysuperctnyc · 1857
11886–1886

Statutes the citing opinions construe

IL § 750 ILCS 5/503 (5) IL § 210 ILCS 50/3.150 (4) IL § 215 ILCS 5/155 (4) IL § 750 ILCS 5/508 (4) IL § 820 ILCS 305/8 (4) IL § 735 ILCS 5/2-616 (3) IL § 735 ILCS 5/2-619 (3) IL § 750 ILCS 5/504 (3) IL § 815 ILCS 205/2 (3) IL § 815 ILCS 505/1 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 128 (1871–2026) PA 103 (1897–2024) CT 100 (1895–2026) NY 75 (1874–2026) OH 64 (1898–2025) TX 57 (1916–2026) IL 55 (1886–2025) MI 35 (1922–2026) MO 30 (1875–2025) GA 30 (1895–2025) AZ 29 (1947–2025) NC 26 (1906–2026) FL 25 (1935–2018) AL 24 (1877–2026) WA 24 (1911–2026) LA 22 (1911–2022) MA 20 (1886–2026) NJ 19 (1896–2026) UT 18 (1968–2025) MD 17 (1910–2021) IN 16 (1906–2020) OR 15 (1940–2026) KY 15 (1880–2025) WI 15 (1873–2020) DC 14 (1987–2023) TN 13 (1924–2026) WV 13 (1946–2025) CO 13 (1923–2024) VA 12 (1882–2025) NM 11 (1981–2025) MN 8 (1904–2013) IA 8 (1900–2020) VT 7 (1921–2021) KS 7 (1926–2026) ID 6 (1985–2012) MS 6 (1934–2007) DE 6 (1946–2022) OK 6 (1907–2014) RI 5 (1915–2010) NE 5 (1894–2020) NV 5 (1979–2024) SC 5 (1926–1939) HI 5 (1923–2010) AK 4 (1971–2024) NH 4 (2018–2025) MT 4 (2000–2025) AR 3 (1959–2024) ME 3 (1864–2018) PR 2 (1934–1950) WY 2 (1931–2023)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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