direct claim (New Jersey) · Go Syfert
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direct claim in New Jersey

55 New Jersey opinions name it 3 courts 1968–2026 10 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New Jersey courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (31)

CaseFollowedCited
Strachan v. John F. Kennedy Memorial Hospitalgreen
nj · 1988 · cited in 3 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1993–2002
2 sentences

2002Like the parents in Strachan, supra, 109 N.J. at 535 , 538 A. 2d 346 , plaintiff's emotional distress claim "was not the result of witnessing another's injury but rather the result of a breach of duty owed directly to plaintiff[ ]." And, like the brain-dead son in Strachan , plaintiff's father was also deceased, and therefore could suffer no cognizable harm as a result of the City's negligence or willful misconduct.

2002Like the parents in Strachan, supra, 109 N.J. at 535 , 538 A. 2d 346 , plaintiff's emotional distress claim "was not the result of witnessing another's injury but rather the result of a breach of duty owed directly to plaintiff[ ]." And, like the brain-dead son in Strachan , plaintiff's father was also deceased, and therefore could suffer no cognizable harm as a result of the City's negligence or willful misconduct.

23
Russo v. Nagelgreen
njsuperctappdiv · 2003 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2021–2024
2 sentences

2024Alternatively, a plaintiff can state a prima facie claim for negligent infliction of emotional distress by satisfying the four elements set forth in Portee. [ 195 N.J. 91, 104 (2008); accord Abousaid v. Mansard Gardens Assocs., LLC, 207 N.J. 67, 76-77 (2011).] Plaintiff contends he is entitled to recover damages based on a direct claim of negligent infliction of emotional distress that follows traditional negligence analysis, which he claims "can be understood as negligent conduct that is the proximate cause of emotional distress in a person to whom the actor owes a legal duty to exercise reas

2021To establish a direct claim of negligent infliction of emotional distress, a plaintiff must establish "(a) defendant owed a duty of reasonable care to plaintiff; (b) defendant breached that duty; (c) plaintiff suffered severe emotional distress; and (d) defendant's breach of duty was the proximate cause of the injury." Russo v. Nagel, 358 N.J.

22
Lawlor v. Cloverleaf Memorial Park, Inc.green
nj · 1970 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1985–1993
2 sentences

1993See Lawlor v. Cloverleaf Memorial Park, Inc., 56 N.J. 326, 339-345 [ 266 A.2d 569 ] (1970).

1993See Lawlor v. Cloverleaf Memorial Park, Inc., 56 N.J. 326, 339-345 [ 266 A.2d 569 ] (1970).

22
Tully v. Mirzgreen
njsuperctappdiv · 2018 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2021–2025
2 sentences

2025Tully, 457 N.J.

2021Citing Tully v. Mirz, 457 N.J.

12
Messeka Sheet Metal v. Hoddergreen
njsuperctappdiv · 2004 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2008–2011
2 sentences

2011Id. at 118 , 845 A. 2d 646 .

2011Id. at 118 , 845 A. 2d 646 .

12
Carey v. Lovettgreen
nj · 1993 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1993–1994
2 sentences

1993Consequently, a direct claim for emotional distress, see generally, Carey v. Lovett, 132 N.J. 44, 55-57 , 622 A. 2d 1279 (1993), is cognizable under the LAD claims alleged under Count Four.

1993Consequently, a direct claim for emotional distress, see generally, Carey v. Lovett, 132 N.J. 44, 55-57 , 622 A. 2d 1279 (1993), is cognizable under the LAD claims alleged under Count Four.

12
State v. Osoriogreen
nj · 2009 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
1 sentence

2026We decline to reassess the standard in Dixon and Dangcil at this time and await a direct challenge by a party. 9 principles, race, color, ancestry, national origin, and sex.” State v. Gilmore, 103 N.J. 508 , 526 n.3 (1986), modified in other part, State v. Osorio, 199 N.J. 486, 502-04 (2009).

11
State v. Eldersgreen
nj · 2007 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025We defer4 to the trial court’s supported factual findings and conclude it correctly found that plaintiffs suffered a special injury, enabling the direct claim exception to the derivative suit requirement. 4 "Deference is especially appropriate when the evidence is largely testimonial and involves questions of credibility" because of the "trial court's opportunity to hear and see the witnesses who testified on the stand." Balducci v. Cige, 240 N.J. 574 , 594-95 (2020) (first quoting Cesare v. Cesare, 154 N.J. 394, 412 (1998); and then citing State v. Elders, 192 N.J. 224, 244 (2007)).

11
Muellenberg v. Bikon Corp.green
nj · 1996 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025See Mullenberg v. Bikon Corp., 143 N.J. 168, 181 (1996) (explaining that shareholders of closely held companies owe fiduciary duties to both the company and other shareholders).

11
Cesare v. Cesaregreen
nj · 1998 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025We defer4 to the trial court’s supported factual findings and conclude it correctly found that plaintiffs suffered a special injury, enabling the direct claim exception to the derivative suit requirement. 4 "Deference is especially appropriate when the evidence is largely testimonial and involves questions of credibility" because of the "trial court's opportunity to hear and see the witnesses who testified on the stand." Balducci v. Cige, 240 N.J. 574 , 594-95 (2020) (first quoting Cesare v. Cesare, 154 N.J. 394, 412 (1998); and then citing State v. Elders, 192 N.J. 224, 244 (2007)).

11
Brown v. Browngreen
njsuperctappdiv · 1999 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025Super. at 124 .] For a closely-held corporation, courts have discretion to construe a derivative cause of action as a direct claim if doing so "will not (i) unfairly expose the corporation or the defendants to a multiplicity of actions, (ii) materially prejudice the interests of creditors of the corporation, or (iii) interfere with a fair distribution of the recovery among all interested persons." Principles of Corporate Governance: Analysis and Recommendations, § 7.01(d) (Am. [L.] Inst. (1992)) [hereinafter Principles][;] [s]ee also Brown, 323 N.J.

11
Jablonowska v. Suthergreen
nj · 2008 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024Alternatively, a plaintiff can state a prima facie claim for negligent infliction of emotional distress by satisfying the four elements set forth in Portee. [ 195 N.J. 91, 104 (2008); accord Abousaid v. Mansard Gardens Assocs., LLC, 207 N.J. 67, 76-77 (2011).] Plaintiff contends he is entitled to recover damages based on a direct claim of negligent infliction of emotional distress that follows traditional negligence analysis, which he claims "can be understood as negligent conduct that is the proximate cause of emotional distress in a person to whom the actor owes a legal duty to exercise reas

11
Decker v. Princeton Packet, Inc.green
nj · 1989 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024Super. 254, 269-70 (App. Div. 2003) (quoting Decker v. Princeton Packet, 116 N.J. 418, 429 (1989)).

11
Abouzaid v. Mansard Gardens Associates, LLCgreen
nj · 2011 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024Alternatively, a plaintiff can state a prima facie claim for negligent infliction of emotional distress by satisfying the four elements set forth in Portee. [ 195 N.J. 91, 104 (2008); accord Abousaid v. Mansard Gardens Assocs., LLC, 207 N.J. 67, 76-77 (2011).] Plaintiff contends he is entitled to recover damages based on a direct claim of negligent infliction of emotional distress that follows traditional negligence analysis, which he claims "can be understood as negligent conduct that is the proximate cause of emotional distress in a person to whom the actor owes a legal duty to exercise reas

11
Adler's Quality Bakery, Inc. v. Gaseteria, Inc.green
nj · 1960 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
1 sentence

2022See Adler's Quality Bakery, Inc. v. Gaseteria, Inc., 32 N.J. 55, 80 (1960) (internal quotation marks omitted) ("A person who, without personal fault, has become subject to tort liability for the unauthorized and wrongful conduct of another, is entitled to indemnity from the other for expenditures properly made in the discharge of such liability.").

11
Diorio v. New Jersey Manufacturers Insurancegreen
nj · 1973 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021See State v. 11 Branch, 182 N.J. 338, 349-50 (2005) (reversing a conviction “because a detective’s hearsay testimony led to the ‘inescapable inference’ that the detective received information from an unknown source implicating the defendant in the crime,” and stressing that, “‘[w]hen the logical implication to be drawn from the testimony leads the jury to believe that a non-testifying witness has given the police evidence of the accused’s guilt, the testimony should be disallowed as hearsay’”) (alteration in original) (quoting State v. Bankston, 63 N.J. 262, 271 (1973)).

11
Strickland v. Washingtongreen
scotus · 1984 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021Beyond finding that trial counsel could not be deemed ineffective for not raising a direct challenge to CSAAS testimony, the judge noted it would have not made any difference if she had mounted that challenge in light of the Court's unequivocal conclusion in this case that "the CSAAS expert's improper statements were not clearly capable of producing an unjust result and do not warrant a new trial." J.R., 227 N.J. at 400 ; see G.E.P., 243 N.J. at 370 (declining to reverse G.E.P.'s convictions, 2 Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 693-94 (1984). 6 A-4915-18 notwithstanding pipeline retroact

11
State v. Frisbygreen
nj · 2002 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021We also recognize “that juries ‘may be inclined to accord special respect to’ police testimony,” Trinidad, 241 N.J. at 446 (quoting State v. Frisby, 174 N.J. 583, 595 (2002)), and that a testifying police officer may, intentionally or not, lead the jury to believe that the police are in possession of additional damning information that proves that the defendant is guilty but is being kept from the direct hearing of the jury.

11
State v. Branchgreen
nj · 2005 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021See State v. 11 Branch, 182 N.J. 338, 349-50 (2005) (reversing a conviction “because a detective’s hearsay testimony led to the ‘inescapable inference’ that the detective received information from an unknown source implicating the defendant in the crime,” and stressing that, “‘[w]hen the logical implication to be drawn from the testimony leads the jury to believe that a non-testifying witness has given the police evidence of the accused’s guilt, the testimony should be disallowed as hearsay’”) (alteration in original) (quoting State v. Bankston, 63 N.J. 262, 271 (1973)).

11
State v. Smithgreen
nj · 1964 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
1 sentence

2020In State v. Smith, 43 N.J. 67, 74 (1964), our Supreme Court explained that a PCR "proceeding may not be used as a substitute for an appeal from the judgment of conviction.

11
Rodney D. Hendrick v. H.E. Avent, an Unincorporated Associationgreen
ca5 · 1990 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
11
Gaines v. Bellinogreen
nj · 2002 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
Potomac Ins. v. Pennsylvania Mfrs.green
njsuperctappdiv · 2012 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
11
In Re Addoniziogreen
nj · 1968 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11
United States v. Alexander A. Alexandro, Jr.green
ca2 · 1982 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11
New Jersey Coalition of Health Care Professionals, Inc. v. New Jersey Department of Banking & Insurancegreen
njsuperctappdiv · 1999 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
11
NJ COLALITION OF HEALTH CARE v. Dobigreen
njsuperctappdiv · 1999 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
11
Pickett v. Lloyd'sgreen
nj · 1993 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
11
Buoni v. Browning Ferres Industriesgreen
njsuperctappdiv · 1987 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992
11
cluster 391264green
ca8 · 1981 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1982–1982
11
State, in Interest of Ahgreen
njsuperctappdiv · 1971 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1979–1979
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (1)

CaseNegativeCited
Holloway v. Stategreen
nj · 1991 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
11

Also cited on this issue (48)

CaseCitedYears
Ilda Aguas v. State of New Jersey (072467) green
nj · 2015
2 sentences

2015To prevail on a direct claim alleging defendant's negligence, a plaintiff bears the burden to show a defendant negligently created a discriminatory work environment by "faili[ng] to exercise due care with respect to sexual discrimination in the workplace, that [the defendant's] breach of the duty of care caused the plaintiff's harm, and that [plaintiff] sustained damages." Id. at 512 .

2015Id. at 506 .

22015–2015
Portee v. Jaffee green
nj · 1980
2 sentences

2002Portee v. Jaffee, 84 N.J. 88, 101 , 417 A. 2d 521 (1980). [9] The trial court in this case focused on plaintiff's failure to "actually see something" and her inability to establish "some nexus between the actual physical seeing of something or impression." In our view, plaintiff's claim is a direct claim of emotional distress because her allegations do not involve any injury to another.

2002Portee v. Jaffee, 84 N.J. 88, 101 , 417 A. 2d 521 (1980). [9] The trial court in this case focused on plaintiff's failure to "actually see something" and her inability to establish "some nexus between the actual physical seeing of something or impression." In our view, plaintiff's claim is a direct claim of emotional distress because her allegations do not involve any injury to another.

21980–2002
Giardina v. Bennett green
nj · 1988
2 sentences

1993Relying on Giardina v. Bennett, 111 N.J. 412 , 545 A.2d 139 (1988), the Law Division ruled that the parents, plaintiffs JoAnn Carey and Gregory Carey, could assert a direct claim for their emotional distress.

1993Relying on Giardina v. Bennett, 111 N.J. 412 , 545 A.2d 139 (1988), the Law Division ruled that the parents, plaintiffs JoAnn Carey and Gregory Carey, could assert a direct claim for their emotional distress.

21993–1995
Holloway v. State green
njsuperctappdiv · 1990
2 sentences

1992Super. at 559 , 571 A. 2d 1324 ] The Supreme Court then said: In concluding that the State's direct claim for reimbursement for its medical expenses by way of subrogation is barred by the statute of limitations, we note that the State has also variously contended that its entitlement to those medical expenses in whole or in part is encompassed by its claims for indemnification and contribution.

1991The Appellate Division, on interlocutory appeal, reversed the trial court’s ruling that dismissed the State’s claim for reimbursement of medical expenses as time-barred and reinstated the claim. 239 N.J.Super. 554, 560-61 , 571 A.2d 1324 (1990).

21991–1992
State v. Gilmore green
nj · 1986
1 sentence

2026We decline to reassess the standard in Dixon and Dangcil at this time and await a direct challenge by a party. 9 principles, race, color, ancestry, national origin, and sex.” State v. Gilmore, 103 N.J. 508 , 526 n.3 (1986), modified in other part, State v. Osorio, 199 N.J. 486, 502-04 (2009).

12026–2026
State v. Bellamy green
njsuperctappdiv · 1992
1 sentence

2026In other words, the “group must be one that has been historically excluded, on the basis of stereotypical prejudices, from full participation in the significant duties and privileges of American citizenship.” Dangcil, 248 N.J. at 143 (quoting State v. Bellamy, 260 N.J.

12026–2026
Twanda Jones v. Morey’s Pier, Inc. (077502) (Cape May and Statewide) green
nj · 2017
1 sentence

2021In Jones, our Court held that the claim period is the same for both a plaintiff's direct claim and a defendant's indemnification/contribution claim. 230 N.J. at 157 .

12021–2021
State v. J.R. green
nj · 2017
1 sentence

2021Beyond finding that trial counsel could not be deemed ineffective for not raising a direct challenge to CSAAS testimony, the judge noted it would have not made any difference if she had mounted that challenge in light of the Court's unequivocal conclusion in this case that "the CSAAS expert's improper statements were not clearly capable of producing an unjust result and do not warrant a new trial." J.R., 227 N.J. at 400 ; see G.E.P., 243 N.J. at 370 (declining to reverse G.E.P.'s convictions, 2 Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 693-94 (1984). 6 A-4915-18 notwithstanding pipeline retroact

12021–2021
Printing Mart-Morristown v. Sharp Electronics Corp. green
nj · 1989
2 sentences

2021In contrast, a direct claim of negligent infliction of emotional distress "can be understood as negligent conduct that is the proximate cause of emotional distress in a person to whom the actor owes a legal duty to exercise reasonable care." Decker, 116 N.J. at 429 .

2021Super. 254, 269 (App. A-1226-19 12 Div. 2003 ) (citing Decker, 116 N.J. at 429 ).

12021–2021
Hendrick v. Avent green
scotus · 1990
12017–2017
Rewald v. United States green
scotus · 1990
12017–2017
Johnpoll v. Thornburgh green
scotus · 1990
1 sentence

2017The collateral attacks brought later are barred by res judicata." Hendrick v. Avent, 891 F.2d 583, 587 (5th Cir.) (rejecting collateral attack of bankruptcy court order for the sale of debtor's stock), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 819 , 111 S. Ct. 64 , 112 L.

12017–2017
Gilbert v. Gladden green
nj · 1981
12016–2016
Rac v. Pjs, Jr. green
nj · 2007
12012–2012
Registrar & Transfer Co. v. DIR. DIV. OF TAX. green
njsuperctappdiv · 1978
12011–2011
Sears Mortgage Corp. v. Rose green
nj · 1993
12009–2009
Jablonowska v. Suther green
njsuperctappdiv · 2007
12008–2008
Srebnik v. State green
njsuperctappdiv · 1991
12007–2007
Woolery v. United States green
scotus · 1982
12005–2005
Speckter v. United States green
scotus · 1982
12005–2005
Coughlin v. Jacobson green
scotus · 1982
12005–2005
State v. Cruz Const. Co., Inc. green
njsuperctappdiv · 1995
12004–2004
Sheffield v. Ford Motor Co. neutral
nj · 1984
12003–2003
State v. Flores neutral
nj · 1984
12003–2003
State v. Conway green
njsuperctappdiv · 1984
12003–2003
State v. Savage green
nj · 2002
12003–2003
Hedgebeth v. Medford green
nj · 1977
12000–2000
Horesh v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co. green
njsuperctappdiv · 1993
12000–2000
Markey v. Skog green
njsuperctappdiv · 1974
11999–1999
Ryder v. United States green
scotus · 1995
11996–1996
Lehmann v. Toys 'R' US, Inc. green
nj · 1993
11993–1993
Foley v. Foley green
njsuperctappdiv · 1980
11993–1993
Frame v. Kothari green
nj · 1989
11993–1993
Speer v. Armstrong green
njsuperctappdiv · 1979
11989–1989
Amer. Container Corp. v. Hanley Trucking Corp. green
njsuperctappdiv · 1970
11989–1989
B & L Motor Freight, Inc. v. Heymann neutral
nj · 1974
11988–1988
B & L Motor Freight, Inc. v. Heymann green
njsuperctappdiv · 1972
11988–1988
B & L MOTOR FREIGHT v. Heymann neutral
njsuperctappdiv · 1973
11988–1988
Greisman v. Newcomb Hospital green
nj · 1963
11986–1986
Fritz v. Anderson green
njsuperctappdiv · 1977
11985–1985

Statutes the citing opinions construe

NJ § N.J. Stat. § 59:8-8 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 131 (1925–2025) NY 127 (1836–2026) PA 125 (1895–2025) NC 94 (1904–2025) DE 89 (1959–2026) TX 78 (1872–2026) IL 76 (1900–2026) GA 68 (1894–2026) MO 63 (1914–2023) AL 60 (1918–2025) MI 58 (1874–2026) NJ 55 (1968–2026) LA 49 (1934–2024) OH 41 (1905–2025) WA 39 (1913–2025) FL 37 (1958–2025) WI 37 (1876–2025) IN 32 (1885–2025) OR 31 (1907–2025) AR 31 (1899–2026) MA 31 (1975–2024) IA 28 (1899–2024) TN 27 (1919–2025) UT 26 (1942–2024) CT 24 (1978–2023) AZ 22 (1967–2025) MD 22 (1988–2025) MN 17 (1932–2025) OK 15 (1920–2020) KS 15 (1890–2024) NM 13 (1963–2025) NE 13 (1871–2021) ID 12 (1905–2023) DC 12 (1914–2024) KY 12 (1917–2025) CO 12 (1977–2013) MS 11 (1947–2024) WY 11 (1978–2024) RI 10 (1981–2022) HI 10 (1925–2024) ME 9 (1992–2018) SD 9 (1946–2015) NH 9 (1852–2007) VT 9 (1963–2025) WV 8 (1951–2023) AK 7 (1995–2025) MT 6 (1913–2018) NV 6 (2017–2025) VA 6 (1905–2025) ND 5 (1919–2019) SC 2 (2006–2008)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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