direct challenge (Virginia) · Go Syfert
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direct challenge in Virginia

6 Virginia opinions name it 3 courts 1905–2025 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Virginia courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (5)

CaseFollowedCited
Parsch v. Masseygreen
vacccharlottesv · 2006 · cited in 1 Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025The 7 See, e.g., Westerman v. Allred, Case No. CL-2006-457, 2008 Va. Cir. LEXIS 19 , at *11-12 (Fairfax Feb. 20, 2008) (interpreting Code § 13.1-672.3 to require that derivative claims be governed by the laws of a foreign corporation’s state of incorporation); Parsch v. Massey, 72 Va. Cir. 121, 122-23 (Charlottesville 2006) (interpreting Code § 13.1-672.3 and heeding the internal affairs doctrine as to derivative claims and lex loci delicti as to direct claims) (“Therefore, since Virginia is both the place of the wrong and the forum state, the Court will apply Virginia substantive and procedur

11
Peck v. Kennedy, Zoning Adm'rgreen
va · 1969 · cited in 1 Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015Peck v. Kennedy, Zoning Adm’r, 210 Va. 60, 63 , 168 S.E.2d 117, 120 (1969) ("It is a fundamental principle of constitutional law that one challenging the constitutionality of a statute or ordinance has the burden of showing that he himself has been injured or threatened with injury by its enforcement.”).

2015Peck v. Kennedy, Zoning Adm’r, 210 Va. 60, 63 , 168 S.E.2d 117, 120 (1969) ("It is a fundamental principle of constitutional law that one challenging the constitutionality of a statute or ordinance has the burden of showing that he himself has been injured or threatened with injury by its enforcement.”).

11
Buchanan v. Buchanangreen
vactapp · 1992 · cited in 1 Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
2 sentences

2010Rule 5A:20(e) requires that appellant’s opening brief include “[t]he principles of law, the argument, and the authorities relating to each question presented . . . .” We have held that “[u]nsupported assertions of error ‘do not merit appellate consideration.’” Doering v. Doering, 54 Va. App. 162 , 171 n.3, 676 S.E.2d 353 , 357 n.3 (2009) (quoting Buchanan v. Buchanan, 14 Va. App. 53, 56 , 415 S.E.2d 237, 239 (1992)).

2010Rule 5A:20(e) requires that appellant’s opening brief include “[t]he principles of law, the argument, and the authorities relating to each question presented . . . .” We have held that “[u]nsupported assertions of error ‘do not merit appellate consideration.’” Doering v. Doering, 54 Va. App. 162 , 171 n.3, 676 S.E.2d 353 , 357 n.3 (2009) (quoting Buchanan v. Buchanan, 14 Va. App. 53, 56 , 415 S.E.2d 237, 239 (1992)).

11
Riverside Hosp., Inc. v. Johnsongreen
va · 2006 · cited in 1 Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
2 sentences

2010If that opportunity is not presented to the trial court, there is no ruling by the trial court on the issue, and thus no basis for review or action by this Court on appeal.” Riverside Hosp., Inc. v. Johnson, 272 Va. 518, 526 , 636 S.E.2d 416, 420 (2006). (ii) As to Wray’s second question presented, consisting of a direct challenge to the scope of the 2002 sentencing order as it relates to the condition of good behavior, Wray makes no argument and sets forth no authority in his brief in support of such a challenge.

2010If that opportunity is not presented to the trial court, there is no ruling by the trial court on the issue, and thus no basis for review or action by this Court on appeal.” Riverside Hosp., Inc. v. Johnson, 272 Va. 518, 526 , 636 S.E.2d 416, 420 (2006). (ii) As to Wray’s second question presented, consisting of a direct challenge to the scope of the 2002 sentencing order as it relates to the condition of good behavior, Wray makes no argument and sets forth no authority in his brief in support of such a challenge.

11
Smith v. Commonwealthgreen
va · 1978 · cited in 1 Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
2 sentences

1999Accordingly, his conviction and sentence of life imprisonment on that charge will be affirmed. [2] See, e.g., Smith v. Commonwealth, 219 Va. 455, 476-77 , 248 S.E.2d 135, 148 (1978), cert. denied, 441 U.S. 967 , 99 S.Ct. 2419 , 60 L.Ed.2d 1074 (1979) ("vileness" and "dangerousness" predicates for imposition of the death penalty do not impermissibly fail to guide the jury's discretion); Breard v. Commonwealth, 248 Va. 68, 74 , 445 S.E.2d 670, 675 , cert. denied, 513 U.S. 971 , 115 S.Ct. 442 , 130 L.Ed.2d 353 (1994) (method of instructing jury on mitigation does not impermissibly interfere with

1999Accordingly, his conviction and sentence of life imprisonment on that charge will be affirmed. [2] See, e.g., Smith v. Commonwealth, 219 Va. 455, 476-77 , 248 S.E.2d 135, 148 (1978), cert. denied, 441 U.S. 967 , 99 S.Ct. 2419 , 60 L.Ed.2d 1074 (1979) ("vileness" and "dangerousness" predicates for imposition of the death penalty do not impermissibly fail to guide the jury's discretion); Breard v. Commonwealth, 248 Va. 68, 74 , 445 S.E.2d 670, 675 , cert. denied, 513 U.S. 971 , 115 S.Ct. 442 , 130 L.Ed.2d 353 (1994) (method of instructing jury on mitigation does not impermissibly interfere with

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Virginia. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (13)

CaseCitedYears
Doering v. Doering green
vactapp · 2009
2 sentences

2010Rule 5A:20(e) requires that appellant’s opening brief include “[t]he principles of law, the argument, and the authorities relating to each question presented . . . .” We have held that “[u]nsupported assertions of error ‘do not merit appellate consideration.’” Doering v. Doering, 54 Va. App. 162 , 171 n.3, 676 S.E.2d 353 , 357 n.3 (2009) (quoting Buchanan v. Buchanan, 14 Va. App. 53, 56 , 415 S.E.2d 237, 239 (1992)).

2010Rule 5A:20(e) requires that appellant’s opening brief include “[t]he principles of law, the argument, and the authorities relating to each question presented . . . .” We have held that “[u]nsupported assertions of error ‘do not merit appellate consideration.’” Doering v. Doering, 54 Va. App. 162 , 171 n.3, 676 S.E.2d 353 , 357 n.3 (2009) (quoting Buchanan v. Buchanan, 14 Va. App. 53, 56 , 415 S.E.2d 237, 239 (1992)).

12010–2010
Payne v. Commonwealth green
va · 1987
2 sentences

1999Accordingly, his conviction and sentence of life imprisonment on that charge will be affirmed. [2] See, e.g., Smith v. Commonwealth, 219 Va. 455, 476-77 , 248 S.E.2d 135, 148 (1978), cert. denied, 441 U.S. 967 , 99 S.Ct. 2419 , 60 L.Ed.2d 1074 (1979) ("vileness" and "dangerousness" predicates for imposition of the death penalty do not impermissibly fail to guide the jury's discretion); Breard v. Commonwealth, 248 Va. 68, 74 , 445 S.E.2d 670, 675 , cert. denied, 513 U.S. 971 , 115 S.Ct. 442 , 130 L.Ed.2d 353 (1994) (method of instructing jury on mitigation does not impermissibly interfere with

1999Accordingly, his conviction and sentence of life imprisonment on that charge will be affirmed. [2] See, e.g., Smith v. Commonwealth, 219 Va. 455, 476-77 , 248 S.E.2d 135, 148 (1978), cert. denied, 441 U.S. 967 , 99 S.Ct. 2419 , 60 L.Ed.2d 1074 (1979) ("vileness" and "dangerousness" predicates for imposition of the death penalty do not impermissibly fail to guide the jury's discretion); Breard v. Commonwealth, 248 Va. 68, 74 , 445 S.E.2d 670, 675 , cert. denied, 513 U.S. 971 , 115 S.Ct. 442 , 130 L.Ed.2d 353 (1994) (method of instructing jury on mitigation does not impermissibly interfere with

11999–1999
Joseph v. Commonwealth green
va · 1995
2 sentences

1999Accordingly, his conviction and sentence of life imprisonment on that charge will be affirmed. [2] See, e.g., Smith v. Commonwealth, 219 Va. 455, 476-77 , 248 S.E.2d 135, 148 (1978), cert. denied, 441 U.S. 967 , 99 S.Ct. 2419 , 60 L.Ed.2d 1074 (1979) ("vileness" and "dangerousness" predicates for imposition of the death penalty do not impermissibly fail to guide the jury's discretion); Breard v. Commonwealth, 248 Va. 68, 74 , 445 S.E.2d 670, 675 , cert. denied, 513 U.S. 971 , 115 S.Ct. 442 , 130 L.Ed.2d 353 (1994) (method of instructing jury on mitigation does not impermissibly interfere with

1999Accordingly, his conviction and sentence of life imprisonment on that charge will be affirmed. [2] See, e.g., Smith v. Commonwealth, 219 Va. 455, 476-77 , 248 S.E.2d 135, 148 (1978), cert. denied, 441 U.S. 967 , 99 S.Ct. 2419 , 60 L.Ed.2d 1074 (1979) ("vileness" and "dangerousness" predicates for imposition of the death penalty do not impermissibly fail to guide the jury's discretion); Breard v. Commonwealth, 248 Va. 68, 74 , 445 S.E.2d 670, 675 , cert. denied, 513 U.S. 971 , 115 S.Ct. 442 , 130 L.Ed.2d 353 (1994) (method of instructing jury on mitigation does not impermissibly interfere with

11999–1999
Joseph v. Virginia green
scotus · 1995
1 sentence

1999Accordingly, his conviction and sentence of life imprisonment on that charge will be affirmed. [2] See, e.g., Smith v. Commonwealth, 219 Va. 455, 476-77 , 248 S.E.2d 135, 148 (1978), cert. denied, 441 U.S. 967 , 99 S.Ct. 2419 , 60 L.Ed.2d 1074 (1979) ("vileness" and "dangerousness" predicates for imposition of the death penalty do not impermissibly fail to guide the jury's discretion); Breard v. Commonwealth, 248 Va. 68, 74 , 445 S.E.2d 670, 675 , cert. denied, 513 U.S. 971 , 115 S.Ct. 442 , 130 L.Ed.2d 353 (1994) (method of instructing jury on mitigation does not impermissibly interfere with

11999–1999
Holbrook v. City of Dalton green
scotus · 1995
1 sentence

1999Accordingly, his conviction and sentence of life imprisonment on that charge will be affirmed. [2] See, e.g., Smith v. Commonwealth, 219 Va. 455, 476-77 , 248 S.E.2d 135, 148 (1978), cert. denied, 441 U.S. 967 , 99 S.Ct. 2419 , 60 L.Ed.2d 1074 (1979) ("vileness" and "dangerousness" predicates for imposition of the death penalty do not impermissibly fail to guide the jury's discretion); Breard v. Commonwealth, 248 Va. 68, 74 , 445 S.E.2d 670, 675 , cert. denied, 513 U.S. 971 , 115 S.Ct. 442 , 130 L.Ed.2d 353 (1994) (method of instructing jury on mitigation does not impermissibly interfere with

11999–1999
Nicholas v. Fenton green
scotus · 1979
1 sentence

1999Accordingly, his conviction and sentence of life imprisonment on that charge will be affirmed. [2] See, e.g., Smith v. Commonwealth, 219 Va. 455, 476-77 , 248 S.E.2d 135, 148 (1978), cert. denied, 441 U.S. 967 , 99 S.Ct. 2419 , 60 L.Ed.2d 1074 (1979) ("vileness" and "dangerousness" predicates for imposition of the death penalty do not impermissibly fail to guide the jury's discretion); Breard v. Commonwealth, 248 Va. 68, 74 , 445 S.E.2d 670, 675 , cert. denied, 513 U.S. 971 , 115 S.Ct. 442 , 130 L.Ed.2d 353 (1994) (method of instructing jury on mitigation does not impermissibly interfere with

11999–1999
Illinois Office of Education v. Jennings green
scotus · 1979
1 sentence

1999Accordingly, his conviction and sentence of life imprisonment on that charge will be affirmed. [2] See, e.g., Smith v. Commonwealth, 219 Va. 455, 476-77 , 248 S.E.2d 135, 148 (1978), cert. denied, 441 U.S. 967 , 99 S.Ct. 2419 , 60 L.Ed.2d 1074 (1979) ("vileness" and "dangerousness" predicates for imposition of the death penalty do not impermissibly fail to guide the jury's discretion); Breard v. Commonwealth, 248 Va. 68, 74 , 445 S.E.2d 670, 675 , cert. denied, 513 U.S. 971 , 115 S.Ct. 442 , 130 L.Ed.2d 353 (1994) (method of instructing jury on mitigation does not impermissibly interfere with

11999–1999
Holliman v. Georgia green
scotus · 1987
1 sentence

1999Accordingly, his conviction and sentence of life imprisonment on that charge will be affirmed. [2] See, e.g., Smith v. Commonwealth, 219 Va. 455, 476-77 , 248 S.E.2d 135, 148 (1978), cert. denied, 441 U.S. 967 , 99 S.Ct. 2419 , 60 L.Ed.2d 1074 (1979) ("vileness" and "dangerousness" predicates for imposition of the death penalty do not impermissibly fail to guide the jury's discretion); Breard v. Commonwealth, 248 Va. 68, 74 , 445 S.E.2d 670, 675 , cert. denied, 513 U.S. 971 , 115 S.Ct. 442 , 130 L.Ed.2d 353 (1994) (method of instructing jury on mitigation does not impermissibly interfere with

11999–1999
Kerpan v. Davis green
scotus · 1994
1 sentence

1999Accordingly, his conviction and sentence of life imprisonment on that charge will be affirmed. [2] See, e.g., Smith v. Commonwealth, 219 Va. 455, 476-77 , 248 S.E.2d 135, 148 (1978), cert. denied, 441 U.S. 967 , 99 S.Ct. 2419 , 60 L.Ed.2d 1074 (1979) ("vileness" and "dangerousness" predicates for imposition of the death penalty do not impermissibly fail to guide the jury's discretion); Breard v. Commonwealth, 248 Va. 68, 74 , 445 S.E.2d 670, 675 , cert. denied, 513 U.S. 971 , 115 S.Ct. 442 , 130 L.Ed.2d 353 (1994) (method of instructing jury on mitigation does not impermissibly interfere with

11999–1999
Bailey v. Scott green
scotus · 1994
1 sentence

1999Accordingly, his conviction and sentence of life imprisonment on that charge will be affirmed. [2] See, e.g., Smith v. Commonwealth, 219 Va. 455, 476-77 , 248 S.E.2d 135, 148 (1978), cert. denied, 441 U.S. 967 , 99 S.Ct. 2419 , 60 L.Ed.2d 1074 (1979) ("vileness" and "dangerousness" predicates for imposition of the death penalty do not impermissibly fail to guide the jury's discretion); Breard v. Commonwealth, 248 Va. 68, 74 , 445 S.E.2d 670, 675 , cert. denied, 513 U.S. 971 , 115 S.Ct. 442 , 130 L.Ed.2d 353 (1994) (method of instructing jury on mitigation does not impermissibly interfere with

11999–1999
Breard v. Commonwealth green
va · 1994
2 sentences

1999Accordingly, his conviction and sentence of life imprisonment on that charge will be affirmed. [2] See, e.g., Smith v. Commonwealth, 219 Va. 455, 476-77 , 248 S.E.2d 135, 148 (1978), cert. denied, 441 U.S. 967 , 99 S.Ct. 2419 , 60 L.Ed.2d 1074 (1979) ("vileness" and "dangerousness" predicates for imposition of the death penalty do not impermissibly fail to guide the jury's discretion); Breard v. Commonwealth, 248 Va. 68, 74 , 445 S.E.2d 670, 675 , cert. denied, 513 U.S. 971 , 115 S.Ct. 442 , 130 L.Ed.2d 353 (1994) (method of instructing jury on mitigation does not impermissibly interfere with

1999Accordingly, his conviction and sentence of life imprisonment on that charge will be affirmed. [2] See, e.g., Smith v. Commonwealth, 219 Va. 455, 476-77 , 248 S.E.2d 135, 148 (1978), cert. denied, 441 U.S. 967 , 99 S.Ct. 2419 , 60 L.Ed.2d 1074 (1979) ("vileness" and "dangerousness" predicates for imposition of the death penalty do not impermissibly fail to guide the jury's discretion); Breard v. Commonwealth, 248 Va. 68, 74 , 445 S.E.2d 670, 675 , cert. denied, 513 U.S. 971 , 115 S.Ct. 442 , 130 L.Ed.2d 353 (1994) (method of instructing jury on mitigation does not impermissibly interfere with

11999–1999
Shinault v. Commonwealth green
va · 1984
1 sentence

1989Here, Mr. McCurdy would be claiming "Regardless of whether the County ordinances are valid, the convictions thereunder should not be counted in my habitual offender adjudeation because the ordinances did not substantially conform with the corresponding state DWI Laws," In Shinault v. Commonwealth, 228 Va. 269 (1984), the Court observed that the habitual offender adjudication is a civil proceeding: no comparable presumption of conformity would be justified in a criminal context, such as when the Commonwealth seeks enhanced sentences under Section 18.2-270 for second or subsequent offenses.

11989–1989
Benson v. Humphreys neutral
va · 1881
1 sentence

1905The deed, after reciting the consideration of $6,200, con veys, “that certain tract or parcel of land . . . containing one hundred and seventy-nine acres, more or less, adjoining the lands of A. P. Anderson,” etc. This description is substantially the same as that in Benson v. Humphreys, supra, which was held to constitute a sale hy the acre and not a sale in gross.

11905–1905

Where else courts name it

CA 131 (1925–2025) NY 127 (1836–2026) PA 125 (1895–2025) NC 94 (1904–2025) DE 89 (1959–2026) TX 78 (1872–2026) IL 76 (1900–2026) GA 68 (1894–2026) MO 63 (1914–2023) AL 60 (1918–2025) MI 58 (1874–2026) NJ 55 (1968–2026) LA 49 (1934–2024) OH 41 (1905–2025) WA 39 (1913–2025) FL 37 (1958–2025) WI 37 (1876–2025) IN 32 (1885–2025) OR 31 (1907–2025) AR 31 (1899–2026) MA 31 (1975–2024) IA 28 (1899–2024) TN 27 (1919–2025) UT 26 (1942–2024) CT 24 (1978–2023) AZ 22 (1967–2025) MD 22 (1988–2025) MN 17 (1932–2025) OK 15 (1920–2020) KS 15 (1890–2024) NM 13 (1963–2025) NE 13 (1871–2021) ID 12 (1905–2023) DC 12 (1914–2024) KY 12 (1917–2025) CO 12 (1977–2013) MS 11 (1947–2024) WY 11 (1978–2024) RI 10 (1981–2022) HI 10 (1925–2024) ME 9 (1992–2018) SD 9 (1946–2015) NH 9 (1852–2007) VT 9 (1963–2025) WV 8 (1951–2023) AK 7 (1995–2025) MT 6 (1913–2018) NV 6 (2017–2025) VA 6 (1905–2025) ND 5 (1919–2019) SC 2 (2006–2008)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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