policy claim (Michigan) · Go Syfert
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policy claim in Michigan

53 Michigan opinions name it 2 courts 1895–2024 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Michigan courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (13)

CaseFollowedCited
Allstate Insurance v. Keillorgreen
mich · 1995 · cited in 2 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2006–2008
2 sentences

2008See Allstate Ins Co v Keillor (After Remand), 450 Mich 412 , 416 n 2; 537 NW2d 589 (1995) (holding that the insurer was not estopped from asserting a policy defense not contained in its reservation of rights letter where the delay was not unreasonable and the insured was not prejudiced).

2008See Allstate Ins Co v Keillor (After Remand), 450 Mich 412 , 416 n 2; 537 NW2d 589 (1995) (holding that the insurer was not estopped from asserting a policy defense not contained in its reservation of rights letter where the delay was not unreasonable and the insured was not prejudiced).

12
Allison v. Chandlergreen
mich · 1863 · cited in 2 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 1965–1981
2 sentences

1981However this question may be answered, we cannot resist the conclusion that it is better to run a slight risk of giving somewhat more than actual compensation, than to adopt a rule which, under the circumstances of the case, will, in all reasonable probability, preclude the injured party from the recovery of a large proportion of the damages he has actually sustained from the injury, though the amount thus excluded cannot be estimated with accuracy by a fixed and certain rule.’ Allison v Chandler, 11 Mich 542, 554 [1863].” See, also, Gilbert v Kennedy, 22 Mich 117, 130-131 (1871), Kalamazoo v

1965However this question may be answered, we cannot resist the conclusion that it is better to run a slight risk of giving somewhat more than actual compensation, than to adopt a rule which, under the circumstances of the case, will, in all reasonable probability, preclude the injured party from the recovery of a large proportion of the damages he has actually sustained from the injury, though the amount thus excluded cannot be estimated with accuracy by a fixed and certain rule.” Allison v. Chandler, 11 Mich 542, 554 .

12
Purcell v. Keegangreen
mich · 1960 · cited in 2 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 1965–1981
2 sentences

1981We do not, "in the assessment of damages, require a mathematical precision in situations of injury where, from the very nature of the circumstances, precision is unattainable.” Particularly is this true where it is defendant’s own act or neglect that has caused the imprecision.’ Purcell v Keegan, 359 Mich 571, 576 [ 103 NW2d 494 (1960)]. *806 "The policy for this rule of damages was stated by Justice Christiancy: " 'Since, from the nature of the case, the damages cannot be estimated with certainty, and there is a risk of giving by one course of trial less, and by the other more than a fair com

1981We do not, "in the assessment of damages, require a mathematical precision in situations of injury where, from the very nature of the circumstances, precision is unattainable.” Particularly is this true where it is defendant’s own act or neglect that has caused the imprecision.’ Purcell v Keegan, 359 Mich 571, 576 [ 103 NW2d 494 (1960)]. *806 "The policy for this rule of damages was stated by Justice Christiancy: " 'Since, from the nature of the case, the damages cannot be estimated with certainty, and there is a risk of giving by one course of trial less, and by the other more than a fair com

12
Smitham v. State Farm Fire & Casualty Co.green
michctapp · 2012 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024See Smitham v State Farm Fire & Cas Co, 297 Mich App 537, 538 ; 824 NW2d 601 (2012) (concluding that a party’s failure to invoke the appraisal process did not affect the determination of “the timeliness of an action for alleged underpayment of a claim.”).

2024See Smitham v State Farm Fire & Cas Co, 297 Mich App 537, 538 ; 824 NW2d 601 (2012) (concluding that a party’s failure to invoke the appraisal process did not affect the determination of “the timeliness of an action for alleged underpayment of a claim.”).

11
People v. Grantgreen
mich · 1997 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024See People v Grant, 455 Mich 221 , 230 n 10; 565 NW2d 389 (1997) (“[A] legislative enactment that requires a defendant to return victims to something resembling their precrime status contrasts with the policy factors of rehabilitation, deterrence, protection of society, and punishment, that 10 Indeed, neither of the parties identified these factors as relevant to the present analysis. 16 are the general foundation for criminal sentences usually involving a term of imprisonment, a fine, or both.”).

2024See People v Grant, 455 Mich 221 , 230 n 10; 565 NW2d 389 (1997) (“[A] legislative enactment that requires a defendant to return victims to something resembling their precrime status contrasts with the policy factors of rehabilitation, deterrence, protection of society, and punishment, that 10 Indeed, neither of the parties identified these factors as relevant to the present analysis. 16 are the general foundation for criminal sentences usually involving a term of imprisonment, a fine, or both.”).

11
Collins v. Waldengreen
gand · 1985 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
1 sentence

2023The court in Collins v Walden, 613 F Supp 1306, 1315 (ND Ga, 1985), expressed why immunity should be granted to all witnesses who provide relevant information during the truth-gathering process of litigation: In addition, it appears to the court that the policies which support immunity for witnesses also support immunity for other participants in the judicial process.

11
Viera v. Deutsche Bank National Trustgreen
fladistctapp · 2011 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
1 sentence

2018See, e.g., Agee v. Brown , 73 So.3d 882 , 886 (Fla. App., 2011) ("The best way to protect the public from unethical attorneys in the drafting of wills ... is entirely within the province of the Florida *337 Legislature."); Sandford v. Metcalfe , 110 Conn. App. 162 , 169-170, 954 A.2d 188 (2008) ("[I]t is ill-advised, as a matter of public policy, for an attorney to draft a will in which she is to receive a bequest"; "[t]here is, however, no statute barring an attorney who drafted a testamentary instrument from inheriting by the instrument she drafted"; and "[i]f the law is to be changed to mak

11
Detroit Edison Co. v. Michigan Mutual Insurancegreen
michctapp · 1980 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
1 sentence

2017See Detroit Edison Co, 102 Mich App at 142 .

11
MFA Mutual Insurance Company v. Huddlestongreen
moctapp · 1970 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
1 sentence

2000See Commercial Standard Ins Co of Fort Worth, Texas v Hitson, 73 NM 328 , 332; 388 P2d 56 (1963) (Interpreting a standard mortgage clause, the court stated “[a]s we view this language, it clearly states that where the payment has been made to the mortgagee, but the insurance coverage had been voided for some reason, there was present a right in the insurance companies to recover back from the ‘mortgagor or owner’ ”); MFA Mut Ins Co v Huddleston, 459 SW2d 104, 106 (Mo App, 1970) (“[Wjhere the policy is ‘void’ as to the insured . . . , the Company [insurer] may acquire the mortgage security upon

11
Rubin v. Gallaghergreen
mich · 1940 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993
11
Gilbert v. Kennedygreen
mich · 1871 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 1981–1981
11
Mitchell v. Boussongreen
michctapp · 1970 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 1973–1973
11
Cebulak v. Lewisgreen
mich · 1948 · cited in 1 Michigan opinions naming this issue, 1951–1951
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Michigan. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (60)

CaseCitedYears
Harris v. Auto Club Insurance Association green
mich · 2013
2 sentences

2018In Harris, the Court stated that the plaintiff could not take advantage of the uncoordinated medical benefit provision in the policy because his claim did not flow from the subject policy but instead arose “solely by statute.” Id. at 472 .

2018In Harris, the Court stated that the plaintiff could not take advantage of the uncoordinated medical benefit provision in the policy because his claim did not flow from the subject policy but instead arose “solely by statute.” Id. at 472 .

42017–2018
Ali Bazzi v. Sentinel Insurance Company green
mich · 2018
2 sentences

2021Bazzi, 502 Mich at 401 .

2020Bazzi, 502 Mich at 400-401 , was a mandatory-benefits case, and it thus addressed the separate question of whether a no-fault insurer could raise the common-law defense of fraud in the procurement of the policy to a claim for coverage mandated by the no-fault act or whether the Legislature abrogated that defense when it enacted the no-fault act.

32020–2021
Allstate Insurance v. Freeman green
mich · 1989
2 sentences

2004Freeman, supra at 700 , 443 N.W.2d 734 , correctly identified the first question under policy language before the Court as whether "the insured acted either intentionally or criminally." I agree with the lead opinion that the policy requirement that McCarn acted intentionally or criminally is met.

2004Freeman, supra at 700 , correctly identified the first question under policy language before the Court as whether “the insured acted either intentionally or criminally.” I agree with the lead opinion that the policy requirement that McCarn acted intentionally or criminally is met.

22004–2004
Meirthew v. Last green
mich · 1965
2 sentences

1999When a conflict of interest— even a mere possibility thereof—arises, the law suggests (if it does not require) that the insurer act promptly and openly, on peril of estoppel, preferably upon a record made in the pending case (if pending as here) with the court fully apprised of all necessary details; also that the insurer act thus on time for arms' length actions which may protect the respective rights of both parties to the contract of insurance. [ Id. at 38 , 135 N.W.2d 353 .] We disagree that this statement requires the insurance company, which is not a party to the suit, to notify a plaint

1986When a conflict of interest—even a mere possibility thereof—arises, the law suggests (if it does not require) that the insurer act promptly and openly, on peril of estoppel, preferably upon a record made in the pending case (if pending as here) with the court fully apprised of all necessary details; also that the insurer act thus on time for arms’ length actions which may protect the respective rights of both parties to the contract of insurance. [Meirthew, supra, p 38 .

21986–1999
McReynolds v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. green
ca7 · 2012
1 sentence

2020The federal appeals court concluded, “[i]f the teaming policy causes racial discrimination and is not justified by business necessity, then it violates Title VII as ‘disparate impact’ employment discrimination— and whether it causes racial discrimination and whether it nonetheless is justified by business necessity are issues common to the entire class and therefore appropriate for class-wide determination.” Id. -7- Also instructive is Ellis v Costco Wholesale Corp, 285 FRD 492 (ND Cal, 2012), which follows the reasoning of McReynolds in distinguishing the claims of the plaintiffs alleging dis

12020–2020
Bahri v. IDS Property Casualty Insurance green
michctapp · 2014
1 sentence

2019Id.

12019–2019
Pioneer State Mutual Insurance v. Dells green
michctapp · 2013
1 sentence

2019Id. at 378-379 .

12019–2019
Sandford v. Metcalfe neutral
connappct · 2008
2 sentences

2018See, e.g., Agee v. Brown , 73 So.3d 882 , 886 (Fla. App., 2011) ("The best way to protect the public from unethical attorneys in the drafting of wills ... is entirely within the province of the Florida *337 Legislature."); Sandford v. Metcalfe , 110 Conn. App. 162 , 169-170, 954 A.2d 188 (2008) ("[I]t is ill-advised, as a matter of public policy, for an attorney to draft a will in which she is to receive a bequest"; "[t]here is, however, no statute barring an attorney who drafted a testamentary instrument from inheriting by the instrument she drafted"; and "[i]f the law is to be changed to mak

2018See, e.g., Agee v. Brown , 73 So.3d 882 , 886 (Fla. App., 2011) ("The best way to protect the public from unethical attorneys in the drafting of wills ... is entirely within the province of the Florida *337 Legislature."); Sandford v. Metcalfe , 110 Conn. App. 162 , 169-170, 954 A.2d 188 (2008) ("[I]t is ill-advised, as a matter of public policy, for an attorney to draft a will in which she is to receive a bequest"; "[t]here is, however, no statute barring an attorney who drafted a testamentary instrument from inheriting by the instrument she drafted"; and "[i]f the law is to be changed to mak

12018–2018
Terrien v. Zwit green
mich · 2002
2 sentences

2018This is especially true when the determination or resolution requires placing a premium on one societal interest at the expense of another: The responsibility for drawing lines in a society as complex as ours-of identifying priorities, weighing the relevant considerations and choosing between competing alternatives-is the Legislature's, not the judiciary's. [ Terrien v. Zwit , 467 Mich. 56 , 67, 648 N.W.2d 602 (2002) (quotation marks and citation omitted).] If the current policy framework is insufficient to protect a decedent when MRPC 1.8(c) has been breached, and any further inquiry into the

2018This is especially true when the determination or resolution requires placing a premium on one societal interest at the expense of another: The responsibility for drawing lines in a society as complex as ours-of identifying priorities, weighing the relevant considerations and choosing between competing alternatives-is the Legislature's, not the judiciary's. [ Terrien v. Zwit , 467 Mich. 56 , 67, 648 N.W.2d 602 (2002) (quotation marks and citation omitted).] If the current policy framework is insufficient to protect a decedent when MRPC 1.8(c) has been breached, and any further inquiry into the

12018–2018
Herweyer v. Clark Highway Services, Inc green
mich · 1997
2 sentences

2005Relying on Herweyer v Clark Hwy Services, Inc, 455 Mich 14 ; 564 NW2d 857 (1997), the Court of Appeals agreed with the trial court that the insurance policy was adhesive and “should receive close judicial scrutiny.” 262 Mich App at 687 . 471 Mich 904 (2004).

2005Relying on Herweyer v Clark Hwy Services, Inc, 455 Mich 14 ; 564 NW2d 857 (1997), the Court of Appeals agreed with the trial court that the insurance policy was adhesive and “should receive close judicial scrutiny.” 262 Mich App at 687 . 471 Mich 904 (2004).

12005–2005
Rory v. Continental Insurance green
michctapp · 2004
2 sentences

2005In Williams, the panel considered identical policy language and concluded that the one-year limitation was “not so unreasonable as to be unenforceable” because the policy required that a claim be filed within a year, rather than a lawsuit. 262 Mich App 679 ; 687 NW2d 304 (2004).

2005In Williams, the panel considered identical policy language and concluded that the one-year limitation was “not so unreasonable as to be unenforceable” because the policy required that a claim be filed within a year, rather than a lawsuit. 262 Mich App 679 ; 687 NW2d 304 (2004).

12005–2005
Rory v. Continental Ins. Co. neutral
mich · 2004
1 sentence

2005Services, Inc., 455 Mich. 14 , 564 N.W.2d 857 (1997), the Court of Appeals agreed with the trial court that the insurance policy was adhesive and "should receive close judicial scrutiny." 262 Mich.App. at 687 , 687 N.W.2d 304 . [4] 471 Mich. 904 , 688 N.W.2d 93 (2004). [5] Van v. Zahorik, 460 Mich. 320 , 597 N.W.2d 15 (1999). [6] Radtke v. Everett, 442 Mich. 368, 374 , 501 N.W.2d 155 (1993). [7] Archambo v. Lawyers Title Ins.

12005–2005
Castle Inv. Co. v. City of Detroit green
mich · 2004
2 sentences

2005Relying on Herweyer v Clark Hwy Services, Inc, 455 Mich 14 ; 564 NW2d 857 (1997), the Court of Appeals agreed with the trial court that the insurance policy was adhesive and “should receive close judicial scrutiny.” 262 Mich App at 687 . 471 Mich 904 (2004).

2005Services, Inc., 455 Mich. 14 , 564 N.W.2d 857 (1997), the Court of Appeals agreed with the trial court that the insurance policy was adhesive and "should receive close judicial scrutiny." 262 Mich.App. at 687 , 687 N.W.2d 304 . [4] 471 Mich. 904 , 688 N.W.2d 93 (2004). [5] Van v. Zahorik, 460 Mich. 320 , 597 N.W.2d 15 (1999). [6] Radtke v. Everett, 442 Mich. 368, 374 , 501 N.W.2d 155 (1993). [7] Archambo v. Lawyers Title Ins.

12005–2005
Van v. Zahorik green
mich · 1999
2 sentences

2005Services, Inc., 455 Mich. 14 , 564 N.W.2d 857 (1997), the Court of Appeals agreed with the trial court that the insurance policy was adhesive and "should receive close judicial scrutiny." 262 Mich.App. at 687 , 687 N.W.2d 304 . [4] 471 Mich. 904 , 688 N.W.2d 93 (2004). [5] Van v. Zahorik, 460 Mich. 320 , 597 N.W.2d 15 (1999). [6] Radtke v. Everett, 442 Mich. 368, 374 , 501 N.W.2d 155 (1993). [7] Archambo v. Lawyers Title Ins.

2005Services, Inc., 455 Mich. 14 , 564 N.W.2d 857 (1997), the Court of Appeals agreed with the trial court that the insurance policy was adhesive and "should receive close judicial scrutiny." 262 Mich.App. at 687 , 687 N.W.2d 304 . [4] 471 Mich. 904 , 688 N.W.2d 93 (2004). [5] Van v. Zahorik, 460 Mich. 320 , 597 N.W.2d 15 (1999). [6] Radtke v. Everett, 442 Mich. 368, 374 , 501 N.W.2d 155 (1993). [7] Archambo v. Lawyers Title Ins.

12005–2005
Radtke v. Everett green
mich · 1993
2 sentences

2005Services, Inc., 455 Mich. 14 , 564 N.W.2d 857 (1997), the Court of Appeals agreed with the trial court that the insurance policy was adhesive and "should receive close judicial scrutiny." 262 Mich.App. at 687 , 687 N.W.2d 304 . [4] 471 Mich. 904 , 688 N.W.2d 93 (2004). [5] Van v. Zahorik, 460 Mich. 320 , 597 N.W.2d 15 (1999). [6] Radtke v. Everett, 442 Mich. 368, 374 , 501 N.W.2d 155 (1993). [7] Archambo v. Lawyers Title Ins.

2005Services, Inc., 455 Mich. 14 , 564 N.W.2d 857 (1997), the Court of Appeals agreed with the trial court that the insurance policy was adhesive and "should receive close judicial scrutiny." 262 Mich.App. at 687 , 687 N.W.2d 304 . [4] 471 Mich. 904 , 688 N.W.2d 93 (2004). [5] Van v. Zahorik, 460 Mich. 320 , 597 N.W.2d 15 (1999). [6] Radtke v. Everett, 442 Mich. 368, 374 , 501 N.W.2d 155 (1993). [7] Archambo v. Lawyers Title Ins.

12005–2005
Cohen v. Auto Club Ins. Ass'n neutral
michctapp · 2000
2 sentences

2001The circuit court ruled that “the insurance policy can only be void if there’s a material misrepresentation in the application for no-fault insurance.” The court granted summary disposition in favor of Ms. Cohen, and ordered that her uninsured motorist claim be submitted to arbitration. 5 The Court of Appeals granted leave to appeal, 6 and later issued a judgment in which it affirmed the circuit court order that sent Ms. Cohen’s uninsured motorist claim to arbitration. 7 238 Mich App 602 ; 606 NW2d 664 (1999). 8 Acia has applied to this Court for leave to appeal. n This case involves issues co

2001The circuit court ruled that “the insurance policy can only be void if there’s a material misrepresentation in the application for no-fault insurance.” The court granted summary disposition in favor of Ms. Cohen, and ordered that her uninsured motorist claim be submitted to arbitration. 5 The Court of Appeals granted leave to appeal, 6 and later issued a judgment in which it affirmed the circuit court order that sent Ms. Cohen’s uninsured motorist claim to arbitration. 7 238 Mich App 602 ; 606 NW2d 664 (1999). 8 Acia has applied to this Court for leave to appeal. n This case involves issues co

12001–2001
Commercial Stand. Ins. Co. of Ft. Worth, Tex. v. Hitson green
nm · 1963
1 sentence

2000See Commercial Standard Ins Co of Fort Worth, Texas v Hitson, 73 NM 328 , 332; 388 P2d 56 (1963) (Interpreting a standard mortgage clause, the court stated “[a]s we view this language, it clearly states that where the payment has been made to the mortgagee, but the insurance coverage had been voided for some reason, there was present a right in the insurance companies to recover back from the ‘mortgagor or owner’ ”); MFA Mut Ins Co v Huddleston, 459 SW2d 104, 106 (Mo App, 1970) (“[Wjhere the policy is ‘void’ as to the insured . . . , the Company [insurer] may acquire the mortgage security upon

12000–2000
Hawkeye-Security Insurance v. Vector Construction Co. green
michctapp · 1990
2 sentences

2000The federal district court disagreed: Relying primarily on Hawkeye-Security Ins Co v Vector Construction Co, 185 Mich App 369 ; 460 NW2d 329 (1990), Plaintiff argues that there was no accident in this case and thus no occurrence to trigger its obligations under the insurance policy.

2000The federal district court disagreed: Relying primarily on Hawkeye-Security Ins Co v Vector Construction Co, 185 Mich App 369 ; 460 NW2d 329 (1990), Plaintiff argues that there was no accident in this case and thus no occurrence to trigger its obligations under the insurance policy.

12000–2000
Roy Mundry and Charlotte Mundry v. Great American Insurance Company green
ca2 · 1966
1 sentence

1999When a conflict of interest— even a mere possibility thereof—arises, the law suggests (if it does not require) that the insurer act promptly and openly, on peril of estoppel, preferably upon a record made in the pending case (if pending as here) with the court fully apprised of all necessary details; also that the insurer act thus on time for arms' length actions which may protect the respective rights of both parties to the contract of insurance. [ Id. at 38 , 135 N.W.2d 353 .] We disagree that this statement requires the insurance company, which is not a party to the suit, to notify a plaint

11999–1999
People v. Schultz green
mich · 1990
2 sentences

1997People v Schultz, 435 Mich 517, 531-532 ; 460 NW2d 505 (1990).

1997People v Schultz, 435 Mich 517, 531-532 ; 460 NW2d 505 (1990).

11997–1997
Pritchard v. Norton green
· 1882
2 sentences

1993Because we are constitutionally obligated to afford full effect to the Kentucky decision, we need not consider this argument. " '[A] civilized State is accustomed and considers itself bound to observe the principle of comity.’ ” Rubin v Gallagher, supra at 128, quoting Pritchard v Norton, 106 US 124, 129 ; 1 S Ct 102 ; 27 L Ed 104 (1882).

1993Because we are constitutionally obligated to afford full effect to the Kentucky decision, we need not consider this argument. " '[A] civilized State is accustomed and considers itself bound to observe the principle of comity.’ ” Rubin v Gallagher, supra at 128, quoting Pritchard v Norton, 106 US 124, 129 ; 1 S Ct 102 ; 27 L Ed 104 (1882).

11993–1993
Canon v. Thumudo green
mich · 1988
11992–1992
Capital Mortgage Corp. v. Michigan Basic Property Insurance green
michctapp · 1977
11987–1987
Better Valu Homes, Inc. v. Preferred Mutual Insurance green
michctapp · 1975
11987–1987
Riley v. Richards green
mich · 1987
11987–1987
Cooper v. Automotive Finishes, Inc green
michctapp · 1981
11985–1985
People v. Lorentzen green
mich · 1972
11983–1983
Department of Civil Rights Ex Rel. Parks v. General Motors Corp. green
mich · 1982
11982–1982
Waskin Development Co. v. Weyn green
mich · 1963
11981–1981
Routsaw v. McClain green
mich · 1961
11981–1981
City of Kalamazoo v. Standard Paper Co. neutral
mich · 1914
11981–1981
Fresard v. Michigan Millers Mutual Insurance green
michctapp · 1980
11980–1980
Space Conditioning, Inc. v. Insurance Company of No. Amer. green
mied · 1968
11976–1976
People v. Randall green
michctapp · 1972
11975–1975
Commercial Construction Co v. Elsman Enterprises, Inc. neutral
michctapp · 1970
11972–1972
Cusumano v. Stroh Brewery Co. neutral
michctapp · 1970
11972–1972
Coles v. Galloway green
michctapp · 1967
11972–1972
King v. Partridge green
michctapp · 1968
11972–1972
Tait v. Nash neutral
michctapp · 1970
11972–1972
Jackson v. Sabuco green
michctapp · 1970
11972–1972

Statutes the citing opinions construe

MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 500.3101 (7) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 500.3114 (6) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 500.3135 (5) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 500.3105 (4) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 500.3107 (4) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 500.3148 (3) MI § Mich. Comp. Laws § 600.5807 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 183 (1891–2026) TX 176 (1904–2026) IL 160 (1895–2026) NY 98 (1863–2025) LA 75 (1907–2023) PA 73 (1891–2026) MO 56 (1875–2021) WV 54 (1901–2026) MI 53 (1895–2024) NJ 49 (1902–2023) WA 48 (1894–2025) FL 47 (1936–2022) OH 44 (1912–2024) WI 43 (1953–2026) NC 34 (1915–2025) MD 30 (1933–2021) GA 29 (1921–2025) KS 29 (1917–2025) WY 29 (1978–2026) AZ 28 (1927–2022) MA 28 (1857–2021) AR 27 (1909–2025) IN 27 (1874–2024) IA 24 (1897–2016) KY 23 (1903–2025) MS 22 (1951–2015) AL 21 (1834–2018) MN 20 (1976–2014) NE 19 (1896–2022) OR 19 (1905–2023) TN 19 (1927–2021) NM 18 (1933–2016) VA 18 (1926–2025) CT 16 (1963–2025) VT 15 (1899–2024) DE 14 (1961–2024) CO 12 (1908–2017) OK 12 (1923–2022) UT 12 (1933–2022) SC 11 (1933–2026) AK 10 (1960–2004) ID 9 (1987–2022) NH 8 (1936–1999) ND 7 (1901–2024) DC 7 (1978–2025) SD 6 (1972–2026) MT 6 (1935–2016) NV 5 (2011–2022) RI 5 (1970–2004) ME 4 (1963–2002) HI 4 (1964–2015)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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