policy defense (Missouri) · Go Syfert
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policy defense in Missouri

56 Missouri opinions name it 2 courts 1875–2021 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Missouri courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (12)

CaseFollowedCited
Allison v. National Insurance Underwritersgreen
moctapp · 1972 · cited in 2 Missouri opinions naming this issue, 1977–2010
2 sentences

2010Allison, 487 S.W.2d at 262 (“Ambiguous provisions in an insurance policy cannot avail as a policy defense.”) By so concluding, we do not leave Products/Completed Operations coverage dangling in the wind without clear scope or application.

1977These rules of construction stem from the deep-seated principle that courts do not favor forfeitures, particularly where they are the result of technical provisions in insurance contracts and forfeitures are never permitted unless the right is clearly established.” Allison v. National Insurance Underwriters, 487 S.W.2d 257, 262 [l-5] (Mo.App.1972).

22
Lombardi v. Dunlapgreen
moctapp · 2003 · cited in 3 Missouri opinions naming this issue, 2007–2014
2 sentences

2014Id. (rejecting a claim that the letter of dismissal had to use the language of the rule and finding it sufficient so long as the letter adequately sets forth the conduct with which the employee is charged); see also Dunlap, 103 S.W.3d at 790 (“While a suspension or dismissal letter need not cite the specific policy or rule the employee violated, if the specific policy or rule is not cited, the letter must explain the policy or rule and indicate how the employee’s conduct was in violation thereof’).

2011“While a suspension or dismissal letter need not cite the specific policy or rule the employee violated, if the specific policy or rule is not cited, the letter must explain the policy or rule and indicate how the employee’s conduct was in violation thereof.” Lombardi, 103 S.W.3d at 790 ; see also, Tremain, 234 S.W.3d at 439 .

13
Franklin Allen v. Wayne Bryers, Atain Specialty Insurance Companygreen
mo · 2016 · cited in 1 Missouri opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
2 sentences

2020See Allen v. Bryers, 512 S.W.3d 17, 36 (Mo. banc 2016); HIAR Holding, 411 S.W.3d at 272 .

2020Rather, in Allen, the Missouri Supreme Court held that an insurer who has wrongfully refused to defend an insured cannot later raise a policy defense (such as failure to cooperate) in a garnishment action because the insurer has breached the insurance contract. 512 S.W.3d at 36 .

11
Porter v. Crawford & Co.green
moctapp · 1980 · cited in 1 Missouri opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
2 sentences

2018See Porter , 611 S.W.2d at 271 , and its cited authority, *8 Restatement (Second) of Torts § 870 comment e (1977). 9 Further, even had Billingsley succeeded in "compelling [Farmers] to pay him coverage," we gravely doubt that an insurer suffers tortious "injury" when it pays a policy claim-especially due to a claimant's lawful act-or that a claimant "intends to injure" an insurer by lawfully seeking policy proceeds.

2018In Restatement terms per Porter , prima facie tort demands not just "harm" (any loss or detriment; compare MAI "damage"), but "injury," which means harm "to a legally protected interest of the plaintiff" and limits recovery "to those cases in which the plaintiff's harm is of such a nature and seriousness that legal redress is appropriate." Comment e; see also Porter , 611 S.W.2d at 271 , describing such "injury" as "necessary" to a prima-facie-tort claim and as restricting liability "to the invasion of a legally protected interest." Do insurance companies have a "legally protected interest" in

11
Tremain v. Petersongreen
moctapp · 2007 · cited in 1 Missouri opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
2 sentences

2011“While a suspension or dismissal letter need not cite the specific policy or rule the employee violated, if the specific policy or rule is not cited, the letter must explain the policy or rule and indicate how the employee’s conduct was in violation thereof.” Lombardi, 103 S.W.3d at 790 ; see also, Tremain, 234 S.W.3d at 439 .

2011The notice provided in the dismissal letter “must be sufficiently specific as to the time and nature of the incident at issue so that the employee has no uncertainty as to the acts related to [his or] her discharge.” Id.

11
Ruth v. Stategreen
moctapp · 2006 · cited in 1 Missouri opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
1 sentence

2011Versaw v. Versaw, 202 S.W.3d 638, 650 (Mo.App.2006).

11
cluster 604188green
ca8 · 1993 · cited in 1 Missouri opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
1 sentence

2007Crewse, 706 S.W.2d at 43-44 ; Silman Custom Painting, Inc., 990 F.2d at 1067.

11
Shahan v. Shahangreen
mo · 1999 · cited in 1 Missouri opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
1 sentence

2006Shahan v. Shahan, 988 S.W.2d 529, 533-34 [7] (Mo. banc 1999); Brown v. State Farm Mut Auto Ins.

11
MacAlco, Inc. v. Gulf Insurance Co.green
moctapp · 1977 · cited in 1 Missouri opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
1 sentence

2002Co., 550 S.W.2d 883, 891-92 (Mo.App.1977)).

11
Butters v. City of Independencegreen
mo · 1974 · cited in 1 Missouri opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992
1 sentence

1992Annotation, 49 A.L.R.2d at 737-751; Butters v. Independence, 513 S.W.2d at 425 [5-7]. 3 .

11
Sellers v. Allstate Insurancegreen
arizctapp · 1976 · cited in 1 Missouri opinions naming this issue, 1979–1979
11
Davis v. Davisgreen
mo · 1952 · cited in 1 Missouri opinions naming this issue, 1978–1978
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Missouri. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (60)

CaseCitedYears
Greer v. Zurich Insurance Company green
mo · 1969
2 sentences

1972Co., supra. In the case of Greer v. Zurich Insurance Co., Mo.Sup., 441 S.W.2d 15 at l.c. 30, the court said: “ * * * In general, policies should be given a reasonable construction in accordance with their terms and should be interpreted to provide coverage when reasonably possible to do so rather than to defeat it.” Ambiguous provisions in an insurance policy cannot avail as a policy defense.

1970This same policy provision which was pleaded in defendant’s Answer was discussed in Greer v. Zurich Insurance Company, Mo., 441 S.W.2d 15 and the court stated at 1.c. 31: “ * * * Whether this is termed a condition precedent or subsequent, or a forfeiture is immaterial» It, in effect, provides for an avoidance or forfeiture not of the policy but of a claim under the policy because the insurance contract has proscribed recourse to the legal remedy.

41970–1997
Smith v. Rosa green
moctapp · 2002
2 sentences

2008Id.

2003Rosa, 73 S.W.3d at 866 .

22003–2008
Farmers Mutual Hail Insurance Co. of Missouri v. Minton green
moctapp · 1955
2 sentences

2004In Farmers Mutual, the insured sent written notice of cancellation to the insurance company, but his failure to comply with the policy requirement of returning the policy together with the written notice caused him to remain liable to the company for future assessments. 279 S.W.2d at 526-27 .

1992In Farmers Mutual, the insured sent written notice of cancellation to the insurance company, but his failure to comply with the policy requirement of returning the policy together with the written notice caused him to remain liable to the company for future assessments. 279 S.W.2d at 526-27 .

21992–2004
Harper's Administrator v. Phœnix Insurance neutral
mo · 1854
2 sentences

1919Co., 19 Mo. 506 , that though one is a violator of the law in assaulting another, yet if after such assault he seeks to withdraw from the difficulty and avoid further trouble, but is followed and killed by his adversary, his death does not fall within the meaning of the policy clause similar to this one.

1919Co., 19 Mo. 506 , that though one is a violator of the law in assaulting another, yet if after such assault he seeks to withdraw from the difficulty and avoid further trouble, but is followed and killed by hisi adversary, his death does not fall within the meaning of the policy clause similar to this one.

21919–1919
Blumer v. Automobile Club Inter-Insurance Exchange green
moctapp · 2011
1 sentence

2021Id. at 218-19 .

12021–2021
Columbia Casualty Co. v. Hiar Holding, L.L.C. green
mo · 2013
2 sentences

2020See Allen v. Bryers, 512 S.W.3d 17, 36 (Mo. banc 2016); HIAR Holding, 411 S.W.3d at 272 .

2020In HIAR Holding, the Missouri Supreme Court found the defense of failure to cooperate was inapplicable under the particular (and stipulated) facts of that case. 411 S.W.3d at 272 . 36 (C) The trial court did not err in giving Instruction Nos. 16 and 22 Northrop’s sixth point relates to the instructions submitting London’s and OneBeacon’s “late notice of claim” affirmative defenses.

12020–2020
Century Fire Sprinklers, Inc. v. CNA/Transportation Insurance Co. green
moctapp · 2000
1 sentence

2014Id. at 875 .

12014–2014
Prenger v. Moody green
moctapp · 1992
1 sentence

2014Id. (rejecting a claim that the letter of dismissal had to use the language of the rule and finding it sufficient so long as the letter adequately sets forth the conduct with which the employee is charged); see also Dunlap, 103 S.W.3d at 790 (“While a suspension or dismissal letter need not cite the specific policy or rule the employee violated, if the specific policy or rule is not cited, the letter must explain the policy or rule and indicate how the employee’s conduct was in violation thereof’).

12014–2014
Stone v. Farm Bureau Town & Country Insurance Co. of Missouri green
moctapp · 2006
1 sentence

2012Id.

12012–2012
Blair Ex Rel. Snider v. Perry County Mutual Insurance Co. green
mo · 2003
1 sentence

2012Viewing the policy language between the policy in Blair and the policy at bar as similar, the trial court boiled down Blair to one key sentence: “The policy here requires nonpayment, notice, and the passage of 10 days — in that order — before cancellation takes effect.” 118 S.W.3d at 607 .

12012–2012
United States v. Milwaukee Guardian Insurance Company, a Corporation green
ca8 · 1992
1 sentence

2007Id. at 1247 .

12007–2007
Crewse v. Shelter Mutual Insurance Co. green
moctapp · 1985
2 sentences

2007Crewse, 706 S.W.2d at 43-44 ; Silman Custom Painting, Inc., 990 F.2d at 1067.

2007Crewse, 706 S.W.2d at 42-43 .

12007–2007
Luethans v. Washington University green
mo · 1995
1 sentence

2005To trigger the policy exception, the Missouri Supreme Court has stated that the reasons for the employee’s discharge must implicate “a constitutional provision, a statute, or a regulation based upon statute.” Id.

12005–2005
Casualty Indemnity Exchange v. City of Sparta green
moctapp · 1999
1 sentence

2004Id. at 550 .

12004–2004
State v. Cusumano green
moctapp · 1991
1 sentence

2002In our view, the proper approach is that suggested by State v. Cusumano, supra. We hold that a suspension letter need not cite the specific policy or rule the employee violated.

12002–2002
Farm Bureau Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Houle green
vt · 1954
1 sentence

2002As a result of its analysis, the court stated a preference for the application of estoppel when evaluating an insurer’s election of a policy defense. “[A]n examination of the cases shows estoppel, with some element of unfairness, lack of notice, or other detriment to the insured, rather than voluntary waiver without such element, is the preferred theory when the insurer elects a policy defense.” Id. at 388 (quoting Macalco Inc. v. Gulf Ins.

12002–2002
King Louie Bowling Corp. v. Missouri Insurance Guaranty Ass'n green
moctapp · 1987
1 sentence

1996MIGA places its reliance on King Louie Bowling Corporation of Missouri v. Missouri Insurance Guaranty Association, 735 S.W.2d 35 (Mo.App.1987).

11996–1996
Victor v. Manhattan Life Insurance Co. green
moctapp · 1989
1 sentence

1995Id. 831-33 . *946 The jury here clearly intended to, and gave interest.

11995–1995
Dickhans v. Missouri Property Insurance Placement Facility green
moctapp · 1986
1 sentence

1995Dickhans, 705 S.W.2d 104 , concerns a policy requirement to file the proof of loss within sixty days after such proof is requested. 5 .

11995–1995
State Ex Rel. Cass Medical Center v. Mason green
mo · 1990
1 sentence

1992Statutory provisions that waive sovereign immunity must be strictly construed. 796 S.W.2d at 623 .

11992–1992
Midwest Mutual Insurance Co. v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co. neutral
moctapp · 1978
11984–1984
Kitchen v. McCullough green
moctapp · 1968
11983–1983
Colson v. Lloyd's of London green
moctapp · 1968
11983–1983
Weaver v. Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co. green
tex · 1978
11983–1983
Hendrix v. Jones green
mo · 1979
11983–1983
Lopez v. State Farm Fire & Casualty Co. green
calctapp · 1967
11981–1981
Brooks v. Continental Casualty Co. neutral
lactapp · 1930
11979–1979
Strozewski v. American Family Mutual Insurance green
wis · 1970
11979–1979
Sellers v. Allstate Insurance Company green
ariz · 1976
11979–1979
Perkins v. Becker green
· 1942
11968–1968
Drennen v. Wren green
moctapp · 1967
11968–1968
Henderson v. Massachusetts Bonding & Insurance green
mo · 1935
11962–1962
Kelso v. Kelso green
mo · 1957
11959–1959
New York Life Insurance v. West green
· 1938
11958–1958
State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance v. Arghyris green
va · 1949
11955–1955
Daggs v. Orient Insurance green
mo · 1896
11933–1933
Orient Insurance v. Daggs green
scotus · 1899
11933–1933
Breeden v. Frankford Marine, Accident & Plate Glass Insurance neutral
· 1909
11930–1930
Mears Mining Co. v. Maryland Casualty Co. green
moctapp · 1912
11930–1930
Whelan v. Reilly neutral
mo · 1876
11917–1917

Statutes the citing opinions construe

MO § Mo. Rev. Stat. § 379.203 (5) MO § Mo. Rev. Stat. § 36.380 (4) MO § Mo. Rev. Stat. § 537.065 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 183 (1891–2026) TX 176 (1904–2026) IL 160 (1895–2026) NY 98 (1863–2025) LA 75 (1907–2023) PA 73 (1891–2026) MO 56 (1875–2021) WV 54 (1901–2026) MI 53 (1895–2024) NJ 49 (1902–2023) WA 48 (1894–2025) FL 47 (1936–2022) OH 44 (1912–2024) WI 43 (1953–2026) NC 34 (1915–2025) MD 30 (1933–2021) GA 29 (1921–2025) KS 29 (1917–2025) WY 29 (1978–2026) AZ 28 (1927–2022) MA 28 (1857–2021) AR 27 (1909–2025) IN 27 (1874–2024) IA 24 (1897–2016) KY 23 (1903–2025) MS 22 (1951–2015) AL 21 (1834–2018) MN 20 (1976–2014) NE 19 (1896–2022) OR 19 (1905–2023) TN 19 (1927–2021) NM 18 (1933–2016) VA 18 (1926–2025) CT 16 (1963–2025) VT 15 (1899–2024) DE 14 (1961–2024) CO 12 (1908–2017) OK 12 (1923–2022) UT 12 (1933–2022) SC 11 (1933–2026) AK 10 (1960–2004) ID 9 (1987–2022) NH 8 (1936–1999) ND 7 (1901–2024) DC 7 (1978–2025) SD 6 (1972–2026) MT 6 (1935–2016) NV 5 (2011–2022) RI 5 (1970–2004) ME 4 (1963–2002) HI 4 (1964–2015)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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