unconstitutional presumption (California) · Go Syfert
← California issues

unconstitutional presumption in California

46 California opinions name it 4 courts 1946–2025 5 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by California courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (42)

CaseFollowedCited
People v. Dillongreen
cal · 1983 · cited in 4 California opinions naming this issue, 1985–1989
2 sentences

1987Felony-murder Rule Invalid Defendant urges that the felony-murder rule creates an unconstitutional presumption of malice, a contention we rejected in People v. Dillon (1983) 34 Cal.3d 441, 446 [ 194 Cal. Rptr. 390 , 668 P.2d 697 ].

1987Felony-murder Rule Invalid Defendant urges that the felony-murder rule creates an unconstitutional presumption of malice, a contention we rejected in People v. Dillon (1983) 34 Cal.3d 441, 446 [ 194 Cal. Rptr. 390 , 668 P.2d 697 ].

44
Yates v. Evattgreen
scotus · 1991 · cited in 3 California opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017(Yates v. Evatt (1991) 500 U.S. 391, 403-404 [ 114 L.Ed.2d 432, 449 ] [determining whether an instruction providing for an unconstitutional presumption did not contribute to the verdict calls for “a judgment about the significance of the presumption to reasonable jurors, when measured against the other evidence considered by those jurors independently of the presumption”].) In Elizalde, our high court held that the erroneous admission of responses to the jail booking questions in that case was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt where the defendant’s gang membership was “amply established by in

2017(Yates v. Evatt (1991) 500 U.S. 391, 403-404 [ 114 L.Ed.2d 432, 449 ] [determining whether an instruction providing for an unconstitutional presumption did not contribute to the verdict calls for “a judgment about the significance of the presumption to reasonable jurors, when measured against the other evidence considered by those jurors independently of the presumption”].) In Elizalde, our high court held that the erroneous admission of responses to the jail booking questions in that case was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt where the defendant’s gang membership was “amply established by in

33
Auto Equity Sales, Inc. v. Superior Courtgreen
cal · 1962 · cited in 4 California opinions naming this issue, 1993–2021
2 sentences

2021(See Auto Equity Sales, supra, 57 Cal.2d at p. 455 .) Cotton’s contention that the natural and probable consequences doctrine is an unconstitutional violation of his right to due process, and therefore it was reversible error for the court to instruct the jury on the doctrine, is without merit.

2018However, the Court summarily rejected a due process challenge to a former version of the statute, section 22: "[W]e reject defendant's argument that the withholding of voluntary intoxication evidence to negate the mental state of arson [a general intent crime] violates his due process rights by denying him the opportunity to prove he did not possess the required mental state." ( People v. Atkins (2001) 25 Cal.4th 76 , 93, 104 Cal.Rptr.2d 738 , 18 P.3d 660 , citing Egelhoff , supra , 518 U.S. at pp. 39-40, 56, 116 S.Ct. 2013 .) We are, of course, bound by the rulings of our state's highest cour

24
Estelle v. McGuiregreen
scotus · 1991 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017(Yates v. Evatt (1991) 500 U.S. 391, 403-404 [determining whether an instruction providing for an unconstitutional presumption did not contribute to the verdict calls for "a judgment about the significance of the presumption to reasonable jurors, when measured against the other evidence considered by those jurors independently of the presumption"], disapproved on other grounds Estelle v. McGuire (1991) 502 U.S. 62, 72, fn. 4 .) We cannot conclude the erroneously admitted jailhouse intake statements were harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.

2017(Yates v. Evatt (1991) 500 U.S. 391, 403-404 [determining whether an instruction providing for an unconstitutional presumption did not contribute to the verdict calls for "a judgment about the significance of the presumption to reasonable jurors, when measured against the other evidence considered by those jurors independently of the presumption"], disapproved on other grounds Estelle v. McGuire (1991) 502 U.S. 62, 72, fn. 4 .) We cannot conclude the erroneously admitted jailhouse intake statements were harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.

22
People v. Nogueragreen
cal · 1992 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 1993–1994
2 sentences

1994(Sullivan v. Louisiana (1993) 508 U.S. _ [ 124 L.Ed.2d 182, 190-191 , 113 S.Ct. 2078 ], citing Arizona v. Fulminante (1991) 499 U.S. 279, 310 [ 113 L.Ed.2d 302, 331 , 111 S.Ct. 1246 ].) This court further deems the People to have opposed this contention on the ground that under the principles of stare decisis (Auto Equity Sales, Inc. v. Superior Court (1962) 57 Cal.2d 450, 455 [ 20 Cal.Rptr. 321 , 369 P.2d 937 ]), this court is bound by prior decisions of the California Supreme Court upholding the constitutionality of the definition of reasonable doubt as provided in CALJIC No. 2.90, which dec

1994(Sullivan v. Louisiana (1993) 508 U.S. _ [ 124 L.Ed.2d 182, 190-191 , 113 S.Ct. 2078 ], citing Arizona v. Fulminante (1991) 499 U.S. 279, 310 [ 113 L.Ed.2d 302, 331 , 111 S.Ct. 1246 ].) This court further deems the People to have opposed this contention on the ground that under the principles of stare decisis (Auto Equity Sales, Inc. v. Superior Court (1962) 57 Cal.2d 450, 455 [ 20 Cal.Rptr. 321 , 369 P.2d 937 ]), this court is bound by prior decisions of the California Supreme Court upholding the constitutionality of the definition of reasonable doubt as provided in CALJIC No. 2.90, which dec

22
People v. Johnsongreen
cal · 1992 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 1993–1994
2 sentences

1994(Sullivan v. Louisiana (1993) 508 U.S. _ [ 124 L.Ed.2d 182, 190-191 , 113 S.Ct. 2078 ], citing Arizona v. Fulminante (1991) 499 U.S. 279, 310 [ 113 L.Ed.2d 302, 331 , 111 S.Ct. 1246 ].) This court further deems the People to have opposed this contention on the ground that under the principles of stare decisis (Auto Equity Sales, Inc. v. Superior Court (1962) 57 Cal.2d 450, 455 [ 20 Cal.Rptr. 321 , 369 P.2d 937 ]), this court is bound by prior decisions of the California Supreme Court upholding the constitutionality of the definition of reasonable doubt as provided in CALJIC No. 2.90, which dec

1994(Sullivan v. Louisiana (1993) 508 U.S. _ [ 124 L.Ed.2d 182, 190-191 , 113 S.Ct. 2078 ], citing Arizona v. Fulminante (1991) 499 U.S. 279, 310 [ 113 L.Ed.2d 302, 331 , 111 S.Ct. 1246 ].) This court further deems the People to have opposed this contention on the ground that under the principles of stare decisis (Auto Equity Sales, Inc. v. Superior Court (1962) 57 Cal.2d 450, 455 [ 20 Cal.Rptr. 321 , 369 P.2d 937 ]), this court is bound by prior decisions of the California Supreme Court upholding the constitutionality of the definition of reasonable doubt as provided in CALJIC No. 2.90, which dec

22
People v. Jenningsgreen
cal · 1991 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 1993–1994
2 sentences

1994(Sullivan v. Louisiana (1993) 508 U.S. _ [ 124 L.Ed.2d 182, 190-191 , 113 S.Ct. 2078 ], citing Arizona v. Fulminante (1991) 499 U.S. 279, 310 [ 113 L.Ed.2d 302, 331 , 111 S.Ct. 1246 ].) This court further deems the People to have opposed this contention on the ground that under the principles of stare decisis (Auto Equity Sales, Inc. v. Superior Court (1962) 57 Cal.2d 450, 455 [ 20 Cal.Rptr. 321 , 369 P.2d 937 ]), this court is bound by prior decisions of the California Supreme Court upholding the constitutionality of the definition of reasonable doubt as provided in CALJIC No. 2.90, which dec

1994(Sullivan v. Louisiana (1993) 508 U.S. _ [ 124 L.Ed.2d 182, 190-191 , 113 S.Ct. 2078 ], citing Arizona v. Fulminante (1991) 499 U.S. 279, 310 [ 113 L.Ed.2d 302, 331 , 111 S.Ct. 1246 ].) This court further deems the People to have opposed this contention on the ground that under the principles of stare decisis (Auto Equity Sales, Inc. v. Superior Court (1962) 57 Cal.2d 450, 455 [ 20 Cal.Rptr. 321 , 369 P.2d 937 ]), this court is bound by prior decisions of the California Supreme Court upholding the constitutionality of the definition of reasonable doubt as provided in CALJIC No. 2.90, which dec

22
Montana v. Egelhoffgreen
scotus · 1996 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
2 sentences

2018However, the Court summarily rejected a due process challenge to a former version of the statute, section 22: "[W]e reject defendant's argument that the withholding of voluntary intoxication evidence to negate the mental state of arson [a general intent crime] violates his due process rights by denying him the opportunity to prove he did not possess the required mental state." ( People v. Atkins (2001) 25 Cal.4th 76 , 93, 104 Cal.Rptr.2d 738 , 18 P.3d 660 , citing Egelhoff , supra , 518 U.S. at pp. 39-40, 56, 116 S.Ct. 2013 .) We are, of course, bound by the rulings of our state's highest cour

2018However, the Court summarily rejected a due process challenge to a former version of the statute, section 22: “[W]e reject defendant’s argument that the withholding of voluntary intoxication evidence to negate the mental state of arson [a general intent crime] violates his due process rights by denying him the opportunity to prove he did not possess the required mental state.” (People v. Atkins (2001) 25 Cal.4th 76, 93 , citing Egelhoff, supra, 518 U.S. at pp. 39-40, 56.) We are, of course, bound by the rulings of our state’s highest court.

12
Arizona v. Fulminantegreen
scotus · 1991 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 1993–1994
2 sentences

1994(Sullivan v. Louisiana (1993) 508 U.S. _ [ 124 L.Ed.2d 182, 190-191 , 113 S.Ct. 2078 ], citing Arizona v. Fulminante (1991) 499 U.S. 279, 310 [ 113 L.Ed.2d 302, 331 , 111 S.Ct. 1246 ].) This court further deems the People to have opposed this contention on the ground that under the principles of stare decisis (Auto Equity Sales, Inc. v. Superior Court (1962) 57 Cal.2d 450, 455 [ 20 Cal.Rptr. 321 , 369 P.2d 937 ]), this court is bound by prior decisions of the California Supreme Court upholding the constitutionality of the definition of reasonable doubt as provided in CALJIC No. 2.90, which dec

1994(Sullivan v. Louisiana (1993) 508 U.S. _ [ 124 L.Ed.2d 182, 190-191 , 113 S.Ct. 2078 ], citing Arizona v. Fulminante (1991) 499 U.S. 279, 310 [ 113 L.Ed.2d 302, 331 , 111 S.Ct. 1246 ].) This court further deems the People to have opposed this contention on the ground that under the principles of stare decisis (Auto Equity Sales, Inc. v. Superior Court (1962) 57 Cal.2d 450, 455 [ 20 Cal.Rptr. 321 , 369 P.2d 937 ]), this court is bound by prior decisions of the California Supreme Court upholding the constitutionality of the definition of reasonable doubt as provided in CALJIC No. 2.90, which dec

12
Murdock v. Pennsylvaniagreen
scotus · 1943 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 1946–1966
2 sentences

1966It can only result in a deterrence of speech which the Constitution makes free. ’ ’ See also Near v. Minnesota, supra (1931) 283 U.S. 697, 720 (“Characterizing the publication [of malicious, scandalous and defamatory matter in newspapers] as a business, and the business as a nuisance, does not permit an invasion of the constitutional immunity against restraint”); Murdock v. Pennsylvania (1943) 319 U.S. 105 [ 63 S.Ct. 870, 891 , 87 L.Ed. 1292 , 146 A.L.R. 81 ] (that a religious organization solicited “purchase” of its books and pamphlets did not weaken its right to First Amendment protection).

1966It can only result in a deterrence of speech which the Constitution makes free. ’ ’ See also Near v. Minnesota, supra (1931) 283 U.S. 697, 720 (“Characterizing the publication [of malicious, scandalous and defamatory matter in newspapers] as a business, and the business as a nuisance, does not permit an invasion of the constitutional immunity against restraint”); Murdock v. Pennsylvania (1943) 319 U.S. 105 [ 63 S.Ct. 870, 891 , 87 L.Ed. 1292 , 146 A.L.R. 81 ] (that a religious organization solicited “purchase” of its books and pamphlets did not weaken its right to First Amendment protection).

12
Frost & Frost Trucking Co. v. Railroad Comm'n of Cal.green
scotus · 1926 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 1946–1955
2 sentences

1955Frost v. Railroad Com. of Calif., 271 U.S. 583 [ 46 S.Ct. 605 , 70 L.Ed. 1101 ].” ‘1 [N] or shall any citizen, or class of citizens, be granted privileges or immunities which, upon the same terms, shall not be granted to all citizens.” (Cal. Const., art.

1955Frost v. Railroad Com. of Calif., 271 U.S. 583 [ 46 S.Ct. 605 , 70 L.Ed. 1101 ].” ‘1 [N] or shall any citizen, or class of citizens, be granted privileges or immunities which, upon the same terms, shall not be granted to all citizens.” (Cal. Const., art.

12
People v. Hudsongreen
calctapp · 2009 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
1 sentence

2022(People v. Golde (2008) 163 Cal.App.4th 101, 119-120 ; People v. Hudson (2009) 175 Cal.App.4th 1025, 1029 (Hudson); see People v. Tuggles (2009) 179 Cal.App.4th 339, 366 .) Defendant’s failure to object to this instruction did not forfeit 5 this argument as defendant asserts this instruction violated his due process rights by creating an unconstitutional presumption. (§ 1259; Tuggles, at p. 366.) On the merits, this instruction does not create any improper presumption.

11
People v. Tugglesgreen
calctapp · 2009 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
1 sentence

2022(People v. Golde (2008) 163 Cal.App.4th 101, 119-120 ; People v. Hudson (2009) 175 Cal.App.4th 1025, 1029 (Hudson); see People v. Tuggles (2009) 179 Cal.App.4th 339, 366 .) Defendant’s failure to object to this instruction did not forfeit 5 this argument as defendant asserts this instruction violated his due process rights by creating an unconstitutional presumption. (§ 1259; Tuggles, at p. 366.) On the merits, this instruction does not create any improper presumption.

11
People v. Elizaldegreen
cal · 2015 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017(Yates v. Evatt (1991) 500 U.S. 391, 403-404 [ 114 L.Ed.2d 432, 449 , 111 S.Ct. 1884 ] [determining whether an instruction providing for an unconstitutional presumption did not contribute to the verdict calls for “a judgment about the significance of the presumption to reasonable jurors, when measured against the other evidence considered by those jurors independently of the presumption”].) In Elizalde , our high court held that the erroneous admission of responses to the jail booking questions in that case was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt where the defendant’s gang membership was ‘“ampl

2017(Yates v. Evatt (1991) 500 U.S. 391, 403-404 [ 114 L.Ed.2d 432, 449 ] [determining whether an instruction providing for an unconstitutional presumption did not contribute to the verdict calls for “a judgment about the significance of the presumption to reasonable jurors, when measured against the other evidence considered by those jurors independently of the presumption”].) In Elizalde, our high court held that the erroneous admission of responses to the jail booking questions in that case was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt where the defendant’s gang membership was “amply established by in

11
Ames v. City of Hermosa Beachgreen
calctapp · 1971 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016Within the context of illegal expenditures under section 526a, the court held an injunction under section 526a would properly issue to restrain the enforcement of a statute or other law that is unconstitutional. ( Id. at pp. 268-269, 96 Cal.Rptr. 42 , 486 P.2d 1242 .) Even earlier, in Wirin v. Parker (1957) 48 Cal.2d 890 , 313 P.2d 844 , our high court concluded the plaintiff was entitled to seek injunctive relief to prevent the expenditure of public funds to conduct police surveillance by means of concealed microphones, on the theory that such surveillance violated the United States and *303

2016Within the context of illegal expenditures under section 526a, the court held an injunction under section 526a would properly issue to restrain the enforcement of a statute or other law that is unconstitutional. ( Id. at pp. 268-269, 96 Cal.Rptr. 42 , 486 P.2d 1242 .) Even earlier, in Wirin v. Parker (1957) 48 Cal.2d 890 , 313 P.2d 844 , our high court concluded the plaintiff was entitled to seek injunctive relief to prevent the expenditure of public funds to conduct police surveillance by means of concealed microphones, on the theory that such surveillance violated the United States and *303

11
Harman v. City and County of San Franciscogreen
cal · 1972 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016Within the context of illegal expenditures under section 526a, the court held an injunction under section 526a would properly issue to restrain the enforcement of a statute or other law that is unconstitutional. ( Id. at pp. 268-269, 96 Cal.Rptr. 42 , 486 P.2d 1242 .) Even earlier, in Wirin v. Parker (1957) 48 Cal.2d 890 , 313 P.2d 844 , our high court concluded the plaintiff was entitled to seek injunctive relief to prevent the expenditure of public funds to conduct police surveillance by means of concealed microphones, on the theory that such surveillance violated the United States and *303

2016Within the context of illegal expenditures under section 526a, the court held an injunction under section 526a would properly issue to restrain the enforcement of a statute or other law that is unconstitutional. ( Id. at pp. 268-269, 96 Cal.Rptr. 42 , 486 P.2d 1242 .) Even earlier, in Wirin v. Parker (1957) 48 Cal.2d 890 , 313 P.2d 844 , our high court concluded the plaintiff was entitled to seek injunctive relief to prevent the expenditure of public funds to conduct police surveillance by means of concealed microphones, on the theory that such surveillance violated the United States and *303

11
Lac Courte Oreilles Band Of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians Of Wisconsin v. United Statesgreen
ca7 · 2004 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016(Lac Courte Oreilles, supra, 367 F.3d at p. 655.) The court’s understanding of the basis for invoking the request for concurrence, as authority to take the land into trust or authority to permit gaming on newly acquired land, was therefore immaterial to the resolution, rendering this analysis dicta.

2016(Lac Courte Oreilles, supra, 367 F.3d at p. 655.) The court’s understanding of the basis for invoking the request for concurrence, as authority to take the land into trust or authority to permit gaming on newly acquired land, was therefore immaterial to the resolution, rendering this analysis dicta.

11
People v. Browngreen
cal · 2003 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
11
People v. Valentinegreen
cal · 1946 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
Yeoman v. Department of Motor Vehiclesgreen
calctapp · 1969 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
People v. Taylorgreen
cal · 2001 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
People v. Cartergreen
cal · 2003 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
People v. Smithgreen
cal · 2005 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
United States v. Thirty-Seven (37) Photographsgreen
scotus · 1971 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
11
Welsh v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1970 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
11
Califano v. Westcottgreen
scotus · 1979 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
11
Cage v. Louisianagreen
scotus · 1990 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994
11
People v. Sandovalgreen
cal · 1992 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994
11
Richardson v. Marshgreen
scotus · 1987 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994
11
Francis v. Franklingreen
scotus · 1985 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1988–1988
11
Brooks v. Small Claims Courtgreen
cal · 1973 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1985–1985
11
People v. Cornettgreen
cal · 1948 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1985–1985
11
Chapman v. Californiared
scotus · 1967 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1985–1985
11
People v. Taylorgreen
cal · 1982 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1985–1985
11
People v. Kelleygreen
calctapp · 1980 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1985–1985
11
People v. Logginsgreen
calctapp · 1972 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1985–1985
11
People v. Coffeygreen
cal · 1967 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1985–1985
11
Near v. Minnesota Ex Rel. Olsongreen
scotus · 1931 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1966–1966
11
Speiser v. Randallgreen
scotus · 1958 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1966–1966
11
Missouri Ex Rel. Gaines v. Canadagreen
scotus · 1938 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1946–1946
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in California. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (33)

CaseCitedYears
Blair v. Pitchess green
cal · 1971
2 sentences

2016Thus, in the seminal case of Blair v. Pitchess (1971) 5 Cal.3d 258 , 96 Cal.Rptr. 42 , 486 P.2d 1242 , our high court affirmed a judgment issuing injunctive relief to prevent the enforcement of what the court concluded was an unconstitutional claim and delivery law.

2016Thus, in the seminal case of Blair v. Pitchess (1971) 5 Cal.3d 258 , 96 Cal.Rptr. 42 , 486 P.2d 1242 , our high court affirmed a judgment issuing injunctive relief to prevent the enforcement of what the court concluded was an unconstitutional claim and delivery law.

32016–2016
People v. Atkins green
cal · 2001
2 sentences

2018However, the Court summarily rejected a due process challenge to a former version of the statute, section 22: "[W]e reject defendant's argument that the withholding of voluntary intoxication evidence to negate the mental state of arson [a general intent crime] violates his due process rights by denying him the opportunity to prove he did not possess the required mental state." ( People v. Atkins (2001) 25 Cal.4th 76 , 93, 104 Cal.Rptr.2d 738 , 18 P.3d 660 , citing Egelhoff , supra , 518 U.S. at pp. 39-40, 56, 116 S.Ct. 2013 .) We are, of course, bound by the rulings of our state's highest cour

2018However, the Court summarily rejected a due process challenge to a former version of the statute, section 22: "[W]e reject defendant's argument that the withholding of voluntary intoxication evidence to negate the mental state of arson [a general intent crime] violates his due process rights by denying him the opportunity to prove he did not possess the required mental state." ( People v. Atkins (2001) 25 Cal.4th 76 , 93, 104 Cal.Rptr.2d 738 , 18 P.3d 660 , citing Egelhoff , supra , 518 U.S. at pp. 39-40, 56, 116 S.Ct. 2013 .) We are, of course, bound by the rulings of our state's highest cour

22018–2018
Sullivan v. Louisiana green
scotus · 1993
2 sentences

1994(Sullivan v. Louisiana (1993) 508 U.S. _ [ 124 L.Ed.2d 182, 190-191 , 113 S.Ct. 2078 ], citing Arizona v. Fulminante (1991) 499 U.S. 279, 310 [ 113 L.Ed.2d 302, 331 , 111 S.Ct. 1246 ].) This court further deems the People to have opposed this contention on the ground that under the principles of stare decisis (Auto Equity Sales, Inc. v. Superior Court (1962) 57 Cal.2d 450, 455 [ 20 Cal.Rptr. 321 , 369 P.2d 937 ]), this court is bound by prior decisions of the California Supreme Court upholding the constitutionality of the definition of reasonable doubt as provided in CALJIC No. 2.90, which dec

1994(Sullivan v. Louisiana (1993) 508 U.S. _ [ 124 L.Ed.2d 182, 190-191 , 113 S.Ct. 2078 ], citing Arizona v. Fulminante (1991) 499 U.S. 279, 310 [ 113 L.Ed.2d 302, 331 , 111 S.Ct. 1246 ].) This court further deems the People to have opposed this contention on the ground that under the principles of stare decisis (Auto Equity Sales, Inc. v. Superior Court (1962) 57 Cal.2d 450, 455 [ 20 Cal.Rptr. 321 , 369 P.2d 937 ]), this court is bound by prior decisions of the California Supreme Court upholding the constitutionality of the definition of reasonable doubt as provided in CALJIC No. 2.90, which dec

21993–1994
Sandstrom v. Montana green
scotus · 1979
2 sentences

1985(People v. Cornett (1948) 33 Cal.2d 33, 42 [ 198 P.2d 877 ]; People v. Kelley (1980) 113 Cal.App.3d 1005, 1008-1013 [ 170 Cal.Rptr. 392 ]; People v. Loggins (1972) 23 Cal.App.3d 597, 601 [ 100 Cal.Rptr. 528 ].) Noting that he failed to testify in his own defense and recognizing that the circumstantial evidence demonstrating he killed Olivier was overwhelming (see ante, p. 472) Hyde argues that the lack of a voluntary manslaughter instruction amounted to an unconstitutional presumption of malice prohibited by a series of United States Supreme Court cases beginning with Mullaney v. Wilbur (1975)

1985If such a reasonable possibility of an unconstitutional understanding exists, ‘we have no way of knowing that [the defendant] was not convicted on the basis of the unconstitutional instruction.’ Sandstrom, 442 U.S., at 526 .” (Francis v. Franklin, supra, — U.S. at pp.---, fn. 8 [85 L.Ed.2d at pp. 358-359, 105 S.Ct. at pp. 1075-1076].) Although the challenged instructions given in the case at bar are factually dissimilar to those in Sandstrom and Franklin , there can be little doubt, especially in light of Garcia, the California Supreme Court would find the reasoning of these cases directly app

21985–1985
People v. Wheeler green
cal · 1978
1 sentence

2025JURY BIAS AND IMPROPER REMOVAL OF JURORS Manly contends the defense counsel improperly “removed every person of African-American descent and every person who acknowledged their Christian faith.” He asserts this was unconstitutional in violation of People v. Wheeler (1978) 22 Cal.3d 258 . “‘“[A] party may exercise a peremptory challenge for any permissible reason or no reason at all” [citation] but “exercising peremptory challenges solely on the basis of race [or other cognizable group] offends the Fourteenth Amendment’s guaranty of the equal protection of the laws” [citations].

12025–2025
People v. Collins green
cal · 2010
1 sentence

2023(Ibid.) The Supreme Court rejected the federal appeals court’s conclusion “that the exchange regarding the defendant’s ‘ “failure to tell arresting officers the same story he told the jury” ’ was an unconstitutional inquiry about postarrest silence . . . explaining that the prosecutor’s cross-examination could not be ‘bifurcated so neatly’ and must be considered as a whole” and concluding “that questions regarding the defendant’s failure to tell the police the same story ‘were not designed to draw meaning from silence, 41 but to elicit an explanation for a prior inconsistent statement.’ [Citat

12023–2023
People v. Dueñas green
calctapp5d · 2019
1 sentence

2023(Dueñas, supra, 30 Cal.App.5th at p. 1160 .) “Dueñas held that it violates due process under the federal and state Constitutions to impose . . . court operations and facilities fees without first determining the convicted defendant’s ability to pay them. [Citation.] In addition, ‘to avoid serious constitutional questions’ raised by the statutory restitution scheme, [Dueñas held that] the [trial] court must stay execution of the mandatory restitution fine unless the court determines that the defendant 45 has the ability to pay it.” (People v. Taylor (2019) 43 Cal.App.5th 390 , 397.)11 Even unde

12023–2023
People v. Golde green
calctapp · 2008
1 sentence

2022(People v. Golde (2008) 163 Cal.App.4th 101, 119-120 ; People v. Hudson (2009) 175 Cal.App.4th 1025, 1029 (Hudson); see People v. Tuggles (2009) 179 Cal.App.4th 339, 366 .) Defendant’s failure to object to this instruction did not forfeit 5 this argument as defendant asserts this instruction violated his due process rights by creating an unconstitutional presumption. (§ 1259; Tuggles, at p. 366.) On the merits, this instruction does not create any improper presumption.

12022–2022
Terry v. Bender green
calctapp · 1956
2 sentences

2016Within the context of illegal expenditures under section 526a, the court held an injunction under section 526a would properly issue to restrain the enforcement of a statute or other law that is unconstitutional. ( Id. at pp. 268-269, 96 Cal.Rptr. 42 , 486 P.2d 1242 .) Even earlier, in Wirin v. Parker (1957) 48 Cal.2d 890 , 313 P.2d 844 , our high court concluded the plaintiff was entitled to seek injunctive relief to prevent the expenditure of public funds to conduct police surveillance by means of concealed microphones, on the theory that such surveillance violated the United States and *303

2016Within the context of illegal expenditures under section 526a, the court held an injunction under section 526a would properly issue to restrain the enforcement of a statute or other law that is unconstitutional. ( Id. at pp. 268-269, 96 Cal.Rptr. 42 , 486 P.2d 1242 .) Even earlier, in Wirin v. Parker (1957) 48 Cal.2d 890 , 313 P.2d 844 , our high court concluded the plaintiff was entitled to seek injunctive relief to prevent the expenditure of public funds to conduct police surveillance by means of concealed microphones, on the theory that such surveillance violated the United States and *303

12016–2016
Wirin v. Parker green
cal · 1957
2 sentences

2016Within the context of illegal expenditures under section 526a, the court held an injunction under section 526a would properly issue to restrain the enforcement of a statute or other law that is unconstitutional. ( Id. at pp. 268-269, 96 Cal.Rptr. 42 , 486 P.2d 1242 .) Even earlier, in Wirin v. Parker (1957) 48 Cal.2d 890 , 313 P.2d 844 , our high court concluded the plaintiff was entitled to seek injunctive relief to prevent the expenditure of public funds to conduct police surveillance by means of concealed microphones, on the theory that such surveillance violated the United States and *303

2016Within the context of illegal expenditures under section 526a, the court held an injunction under section 526a would properly issue to restrain the enforcement of a statute or other law that is unconstitutional. ( Id. at pp. 268-269, 96 Cal.Rptr. 42 , 486 P.2d 1242 .) Even earlier, in Wirin v. Parker (1957) 48 Cal.2d 890 , 313 P.2d 844 , our high court concluded the plaintiff was entitled to seek injunctive relief to prevent the expenditure of public funds to conduct police surveillance by means of concealed microphones, on the theory that such surveillance violated the United States and *303

12016–2016
Osburn v. Stone green
cal · 1915
2 sentences

2016Within the context of illegal expenditures under section 526a, the court held an injunction under section 526a would properly issue to restrain the enforcement of a statute or other law that is unconstitutional. ( Id. at pp. 268-269, 96 Cal.Rptr. 42 , 486 P.2d 1242 .) Even earlier, in Wirin v. Parker (1957) 48 Cal.2d 890 , 313 P.2d 844 , our high court concluded the plaintiff was entitled to seek injunctive relief to prevent the expenditure of public funds to conduct police surveillance by means of concealed microphones, on the theory that such surveillance violated the United States and *303

2016Within the context of illegal expenditures under section 526a, the court held an injunction under section 526a would properly issue to restrain the enforcement of a statute or other law that is unconstitutional. ( Id. at pp. 268-269, 96 Cal.Rptr. 42 , 486 P.2d 1242 .) Even earlier, in Wirin v. Parker (1957) 48 Cal.2d 890 , 313 P.2d 844 , our high court concluded the plaintiff was entitled to seek injunctive relief to prevent the expenditure of public funds to conduct police surveillance by means of concealed microphones, on the theory that such surveillance violated the United States and *303

12016–2016
Crowe v. Boyle green
cal · 1920
2 sentences

2016Within the context of illegal expenditures under section 526a, the court held an injunction under section 526a would properly issue to restrain the enforcement of a statute or other law that is unconstitutional. ( Id. at pp. 268-269, 96 Cal.Rptr. 42 , 486 P.2d 1242 .) Even earlier, in Wirin v. Parker (1957) 48 Cal.2d 890 , 313 P.2d 844 , our high court concluded the plaintiff was entitled to seek injunctive relief to prevent the expenditure of public funds to conduct police surveillance by means of concealed microphones, on the theory that such surveillance violated the United States and *303

2016Within the context of illegal expenditures under section 526a, the court held an injunction under section 526a would properly issue to restrain the enforcement of a statute or other law that is unconstitutional. ( Id. at pp. 268-269, 96 Cal.Rptr. 42 , 486 P.2d 1242 .) Even earlier, in Wirin v. Parker (1957) 48 Cal.2d 890 , 313 P.2d 844 , our high court concluded the plaintiff was entitled to seek injunctive relief to prevent the expenditure of public funds to conduct police surveillance by means of concealed microphones, on the theory that such surveillance violated the United States and *303

12016–2016
People v. Bransford green
cal · 1994
1 sentence

2015(People v. Bransford (1994) 8 Cal.4th 885, 892-893 .) Admission of Evidence Stevens contends the trial court erred in admitting "evidence relating to the blood sample and its analysis." We disagree.

12015–2015
Trop v. Dulles green
scotus · 1958
12014–2014
People v. Guinn green
calctapp · 1994
12014–2014
People v. Owens neutral
calctapp · 1994
12014–2014
Estelle v. Gamble green
scotus · 1976
12014–2014
Cunningham v. California green
scotus · 2007
12013–2013
People v. Flores green
calctapp · 2007
12008–2008
People v. Westbrooks green
calctapp · 2007
12008–2008
People v. Hernández Ríos green
calctapp · 2007
12008–2008
Shelley v. Kraemer green
scotus · 1948
12005–2005
People v. Collins green
cal · 1968
12001–2001
E-Z Mart Stores, Inc. v. Xerox Credit Corp. neutral
scotus · 1993
11994–1994
Carlos v. Superior Court red
cal · 1983
11987–1987
Mendoza v. Small Claims Court of Los Angeles Judicial District green
cal · 1958
11985–1985
Mullaney v. Wilbur green
scotus · 1975
11985–1985
Bagley v. Washington Township Hospital District green
cal · 1966
11981–1981
Eisen v. Carlisle & Jacquelin green
· 1973
11981–1981
Prudhomme v. Superior Court green
cal · 1970
11979–1979
In Re WINSHIP green
scotus · 1970
11975–1975
Griffin v. California green
scotus · 1965
11965–1965
De Jonge v. Oregon green
scotus · 1937
11961–1961

Statutes the citing opinions construe

CA § Cal. Penal Code § 187 (9) CA § Cal. Civil Code § 3369 (3) CA § Cal. Evidence Code § 352 (3) CA § Cal. Government Code § 100 (3) CA § Cal. Penal Code § 136.2 (3) CA § Cal. Penal Code § 190.2 (3) CA § Cal. Penal Code § 596.5 (3) CA § Cal. Penal Code § 597 (3) CA § Cal. Penal Code § 597.1 (3) CA § Cal. Penal Code § 597t (3) CFR § 9c.f.r.3.140 (3) USC § 16u.s.c.1531 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 58 (1909–2022) IL 49 (1889–2022) CA 46 (1946–2025) FL 36 (1974–2026) OH 28 (1979–2022) WA 23 (1965–2025) MA 23 (1982–2023) AZ 20 (1989–2021) NY 20 (1953–2025) LA 20 (1971–2019) PA 20 (1911–2022) NC 16 (1979–2023) KS 16 (1993–2024) GA 15 (1885–2025) WI 14 (1975–2019) OK 14 (1973–2020) MI 13 (1980–2023) SC 13 (1986–2021) AL 13 (1906–2015) TN 13 (1985–2022) CO 10 (1964–2022) IN 10 (1980–2018) MD 9 (1967–2022) CT 8 (1981–2021) MT 8 (1980–2023) NM 7 (1970–2017) KY 7 (2000–2025) SD 7 (1966–2001) MO 6 (1904–2015) NJ 6 (1959–2013) ME 6 (1983–2018) UT 5 (1993–2014) HI 5 (1984–2021) IA 5 (1900–2018) MN 5 (1974–2019) WV 5 (1983–2016) DC 4 (2006–2020) OR 4 (1973–2010) NE 4 (1983–1991) ID 3 (1980–1991) NV 3 (1993–2019) AR 3 (1975–2011) ND 3 (1982–2016) NH 2 (2018–2023) VA 2 (2017–2017) VT 2 (1992–2026) WY 2 (1989–1998)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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