source doctrine in Louisiana

43 Louisiana opinions name it 2 courts 1956–2025 3 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Louisiana courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (12)

Case	Followed	Cited
State v. Welchgreen la · 1984 · cited in 15 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 1991–2020 2 sentences 2008These three jur-isprudentially created doctrines which prevent the suppression of evidence are: (1) the independent source doctrine, (2) the inevitable discovery doctrine, and (3) the attenuation doctrine, [footnote omitted] Wong Sun v. U.S., 371 U.S. 471, 487 , 83 S.Ct. 407, 417 , 9 L.Ed.2d 441, 455 (1963); U.S. v. Crews, 445 U.S. 463 , 100 S.Ct. 1244 , 63 L.Ed.2d 537 (1980); State v. Welch, 449 So.2d 468 (La.1984); State v. Guy, 575 So.2d 429 (La.App. 4 Cir.1991), writ denied 578 So.2d 930 (La.1991). 2002These Lthree jurisprudentially created doctrines which prevent the suppression of evidence are: (1) the independent source doctrine, (2) the inevitable discovery doctrine, and (3) the attenuation doctrine. [footnote omitted] Wong Sun v. U.S., 371 U.S. 471, 487 , 83 S.Ct. 407, 417 , 9 L.Ed.2d 441, 455 (1963); U.S. v. Crews, 445 U.S. 463 , 100 S.Ct. 1244 , 63 L.Ed.2d 537 (1980); State v. Welch, 449 So.2d 468 (La.1984); State v. Guy, 575 So.2d 429 (La.App. 4 Cir.1991), writ denied 578 So.2d 930 (La.1991).	9	15
Wong Sun v. United Statesgreen scotus · 1963 · cited in 5 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 1993–2012 2 sentences 2008These three jur-isprudentially created doctrines which prevent the suppression of evidence are: (1) the independent source doctrine, (2) the inevitable discovery doctrine, and (3) the attenuation doctrine, [footnote omitted] Wong Sun v. U.S., 371 U.S. 471, 487 , 83 S.Ct. 407, 417 , 9 L.Ed.2d 441, 455 (1963); U.S. v. Crews, 445 U.S. 463 , 100 S.Ct. 1244 , 63 L.Ed.2d 537 (1980); State v. Welch, 449 So.2d 468 (La.1984); State v. Guy, 575 So.2d 429 (La.App. 4 Cir.1991), writ denied 578 So.2d 930 (La.1991). 2008These three jur-isprudentially created doctrines which prevent the suppression of evidence are: (1) the independent source doctrine, (2) the inevitable discovery doctrine, and (3) the attenuation doctrine, [footnote omitted] Wong Sun v. U.S., 371 U.S. 471, 487 , 83 S.Ct. 407, 417 , 9 L.Ed.2d 441, 455 (1963); U.S. v. Crews, 445 U.S. 463 , 100 S.Ct. 1244 , 63 L.Ed.2d 537 (1980); State v. Welch, 449 So.2d 468 (La.1984); State v. Guy, 575 So.2d 429 (La.App. 4 Cir.1991), writ denied 578 So.2d 930 (La.1991).	4	5
Murray v. United Statesgreen scotus · 1988 · cited in 14 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 1993–2025 2 sentences 2025The inevitable discovery doctrine “is in reality an extrapolation from the independent source doctrine: Because the tainted evidence would be admissible if in fact discovered through an independent source, it should be admissible if it inevitably would have been discovered.” Murray v. United States, 487 U.S. 533, 539 , 108 S.Ct. 2529, 2534 , 101 L.Ed.2d 472 (1988). 2025The inevitable discovery doctrine “is in reality an extrapolation from the independent source doctrine: Because the tainted evidence would be admissible if in fact discovered through an independent source, it should be admissible if it inevitably would have been discovered.” Murray v. United States, 487 U.S. 533, 539 , 108 S.Ct. 2529, 2534 , 101 L.Ed.2d 472 (1988).	1	14
State v. Guygreen lactapp · 1991 · cited in 10 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 1993–2020 2 sentences 2008These three jur-isprudentially created doctrines which prevent the suppression of evidence are: (1) the independent source doctrine, (2) the inevitable discovery doctrine, and (3) the attenuation doctrine, [footnote omitted] Wong Sun v. U.S., 371 U.S. 471, 487 , 83 S.Ct. 407, 417 , 9 L.Ed.2d 441, 455 (1963); U.S. v. Crews, 445 U.S. 463 , 100 S.Ct. 1244 , 63 L.Ed.2d 537 (1980); State v. Welch, 449 So.2d 468 (La.1984); State v. Guy, 575 So.2d 429 (La.App. 4 Cir.1991), writ denied 578 So.2d 930 (La.1991). 2002These Lthree jurisprudentially created doctrines which prevent the suppression of evidence are: (1) the independent source doctrine, (2) the inevitable discovery doctrine, and (3) the attenuation doctrine. [footnote omitted] Wong Sun v. U.S., 371 U.S. 471, 487 , 83 S.Ct. 407, 417 , 9 L.Ed.2d 441, 455 (1963); U.S. v. Crews, 445 U.S. 463 , 100 S.Ct. 1244 , 63 L.Ed.2d 537 (1980); State v. Welch, 449 So.2d 468 (La.1984); State v. Guy, 575 So.2d 429 (La.App. 4 Cir.1991), writ denied 578 So.2d 930 (La.1991).	1	10
Madison v. Travelers Insurance Companygreen la · 1975 · cited in 2 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 1981–1987 2 sentences 1987Parish National Bank v. Lane, 397 So.2d 1282 (La.1981); Madison v. Travelers Insurance Co., 308 So.2d 784, 786 (La. 1975); Duplessis v. Hullinghorst, 255 So.2d 236 (La.App. 1st Cir.1971). 1981Madison v. Travelers Insurance Co., 308 So.2d 784 (La.1975); Kay v. Carter, 243 La. 1095 , 150 So.2d 27 (1963).	1	2
United States v. Frederick Silvestri, Eldergreen ca1 · 1986 · cited in 1 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014 2 sentences 2014Pursuant to the independent source doctrine, “ ‘information which is received through an illegal source is considered to be cleanly obtained when it arrives through an independent source.’ ” Murray v. U.S., 487 U.S. 533, 538-39 , 108 S.Ct. 2529, 2534 , 101 L.Ed.2d 472 (1988) (citing U.S. v. Silvestri, 787 F.2d 736, 739 (1st Cir.1986)). 2014Pursuant to the independent source doctrine, “ ‘information which is received through an illegal source is considered to be cleanly obtained when it arrives through an independent source.’ ” Murray v. U.S., 487 U.S. 533, 538-39 , 108 S.Ct. 2529, 2534 , 101 L.Ed.2d 472 (1988) (citing U.S. v. Silvestri, 787 F.2d 736, 739 (1st Cir.1986)).	1	1
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. George W. BLOOD, Defendant-Appellantgreen ca4 · 1986 · cited in 1 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012 1 sentence 2012See Martinez v. Bally’s Louisiana, Inc., 244 F.3d 474, 477 (5th Cir.2001) (“Although a judicial admission is not itself evidence, it has the effect of withdrawing a fact from contention.”); United States v. Blood, 806 F.2d 1218, 1221 (4th Cir.1986) (“Generally, statements by an attorney concerning a matter within his employment may be admissible against the retaining client.	1	1
cluster 23560green · · cited in 1 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012 1 sentence 2012See Martinez v. Bally’s Louisiana, Inc., 244 F.3d 474, 477 (5th Cir.2001) (“Although a judicial admission is not itself evidence, it has the effect of withdrawing a fact from contention.”); United States v. Blood, 806 F.2d 1218, 1221 (4th Cir.1986) (“Generally, statements by an attorney concerning a matter within his employment may be admissible against the retaining client.	1	1
United States v. Elder, Mark A.green ca7 · 2006 · cited in 1 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010 1 sentence 2010See Murray v. United States, 487 U.S. 533, 539 , 108 S.Ct. 2529, 2534 , 101 L.Ed.2d 472 (1988)(“The inevitable discovery doctrine, with its distinct requirements, is in reality an extrapolation from the independent source doctrine: Since the tainted evidence would be admissible if in fact discovered through an independent source, it should be admissible if it inevitably would have been discovered.”); see also United States v. Elder, 466 F.3d 1090, 1091 (7th Cir.2006)(“The usual understanding of that doctrine is that the exclusionary rule should not be applied when all the steps required to obt	1	1
Alden v. Mainegreen scotus · 1999 · cited in 1 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009 2 sentences 2009Chatham County, 547 U.S. 189 , 126 S.Ct. at 1693 (quoting Alden v. Maine, 527 U.S. at 713, 119 S.Ct. at 2240 )(emphasis added). 2009Chatham County, 547 U.S. 189 , 126 S.Ct. at 1693 (quoting Alden v. Maine, 527 U.S. at 713, 119 S.Ct. at 2240 )(emphasis added).	1	1
United States v. Michael J. Swiatekgreen ca7 · 1987 · cited in 1 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993 1 sentence 1993The case of U.S. v. Swiatek, 819 F.2d 721, 726 (7th Cir.1987), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 903 , 108 S.Ct. 245 , 98 L.Ed.2d 203 (1987), noted that all of the federal circuits have held that the issue of outrageous government misconduct is not a jury question.	1	1
United States v. Michael Stephen Lancellottigreen ca9 · 1985 · cited in 1 Louisiana opinions naming this issue, 1988–1988 1 sentence 1988See United States v. Lancellotti, 761 F.2d 1363 (9th Cir.1985); United States v. Driver, 776 F.2d 807 (9th Cir.1985).	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Louisiana. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (23)

Case	Cited	Years
United States v. Crews green scotus · 1980 2 sentences 2008These three jur-isprudentially created doctrines which prevent the suppression of evidence are: (1) the independent source doctrine, (2) the inevitable discovery doctrine, and (3) the attenuation doctrine, [footnote omitted] Wong Sun v. U.S., 371 U.S. 471, 487 , 83 S.Ct. 407, 417 , 9 L.Ed.2d 441, 455 (1963); U.S. v. Crews, 445 U.S. 463 , 100 S.Ct. 1244 , 63 L.Ed.2d 537 (1980); State v. Welch, 449 So.2d 468 (La.1984); State v. Guy, 575 So.2d 429 (La.App. 4 Cir.1991), writ denied 578 So.2d 930 (La.1991). 2008These three jur-isprudentially created doctrines which prevent the suppression of evidence are: (1) the independent source doctrine, (2) the inevitable discovery doctrine, and (3) the attenuation doctrine, [footnote omitted] Wong Sun v. U.S., 371 U.S. 471, 487 , 83 S.Ct. 407, 417 , 9 L.Ed.2d 441, 455 (1963); U.S. v. Crews, 445 U.S. 463 , 100 S.Ct. 1244 , 63 L.Ed.2d 537 (1980); State v. Welch, 449 So.2d 468 (La.1984); State v. Guy, 575 So.2d 429 (La.App. 4 Cir.1991), writ denied 578 So.2d 930 (La.1991).	18	1991–2020
Nix v. Williams green scotus · 1984 2 sentences 2025A functional similarity exists between the independent source and inevitable discovery doctrines because both seek to avoid excluding evidence the police “would have obtained ... if no misconduct had taken place.” Nix v. Williams, 467 U.S. 431, 444 , 104 S.Ct. 2501, 2509 , 81 L.Ed.2d 377 (1984). 2025A functional similarity exists between the independent source and inevitable discovery doctrines because both seek to avoid excluding evidence the police “would have obtained ... if no misconduct had taken place.” Nix v. Williams, 467 U.S. 431, 444 , 104 S.Ct. 2501, 2509 , 81 L.Ed.2d 377 (1984).	10	2002–2025
Bush v. Winn-Dixie of Louisiana, Inc. green la · 1991 2 sentences 2008These three jur-isprudentially created doctrines which prevent the suppression of evidence are: (1) the independent source doctrine, (2) the inevitable discovery doctrine, and (3) the attenuation doctrine, [footnote omitted] Wong Sun v. U.S., 371 U.S. 471, 487 , 83 S.Ct. 407, 417 , 9 L.Ed.2d 441, 455 (1963); U.S. v. Crews, 445 U.S. 463 , 100 S.Ct. 1244 , 63 L.Ed.2d 537 (1980); State v. Welch, 449 So.2d 468 (La.1984); State v. Guy, 575 So.2d 429 (La.App. 4 Cir.1991), writ denied 578 So.2d 930 (La.1991). 2002These Lthree jurisprudentially created doctrines which prevent the suppression of evidence are: (1) the independent source doctrine, (2) the inevitable discovery doctrine, and (3) the attenuation doctrine. [footnote omitted] Wong Sun v. U.S., 371 U.S. 471, 487 , 83 S.Ct. 407, 417 , 9 L.Ed.2d 441, 455 (1963); U.S. v. Crews, 445 U.S. 463 , 100 S.Ct. 1244 , 63 L.Ed.2d 537 (1980); State v. Welch, 449 So.2d 468 (La.1984); State v. Guy, 575 So.2d 429 (La.App. 4 Cir.1991), writ denied 578 So.2d 930 (La.1991).	6	1993–2012
State v. Irby green lactapp · 1994 2 sentences 2008See also State v. Welch, 449 So.2d 468 (La.1984); State v. Irby, 93-2220 (La.App. 4 Cir. 2/4/94) , 632 So.2d 801 . 2001See also State v. Welch, 449 So.2d 468 (La.1984); State v. Irby, 93-2220 (La.App. 4 Cir. 2/4/94) , 632 So.2d 801 .	4	1995–2008
State v. Edmondson green la · 1998 1 sentence 2019Id. at 1237 .	1	2019–2019
Northern Ins. Co. of NY v. Chatham County green scotus · 2006 2 sentences 2009Chatham County, 547 U.S. 189 , 126 S.Ct. at 1693 (quoting Alden v. Maine, 527 U.S. at 713, 119 S.Ct. at 2240 )(emphasis added). 2009Chatham County, 547 U.S. 189 , 126 S.Ct. at 1693 (quoting Alden v. Maine, 527 U.S. at 713, 119 S.Ct. at 2240 )(emphasis added).	1	2009–2009
State v. Lee green la · 2008 2 sentences 2008"The inevitable discovery doctrine `is in reality an extrapolation from the independent source doctrine: Because the tainted evidence would be admissible if in fact discovered through an independent source, it should be admissible if it inevitably would have been discovered.'" State v. Lee, 05-2098 (La.1/16/08), 976 So.2d 109, 127 , quoting Murray v. United States, 487 U.S. 533, 539 , 108 S.Ct. 2529, 2534 , 101 L.Ed.2d 472 (1988). 2008A functional similarity exists between the independent source and the inevitable discovery doctrines because they both seek to avoid excluding evidence the police "would have obtained ... if no misconduct had taken place." The State bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that "the information ultimately or inevitably would have been discovered by lawful means...." State v. Lee, 976 So.2d at 127 , quoting Nix v. Williams, 467 U.S. 431, 444 , 104 S.Ct. 2501, 2509 , 81 L.Ed.2d 377 (1984).	1	2008–2008
State v. Vigne green la · 2002 2 sentences 2006"The inevitable discovery doctrine `is in reality an extrapolation from the independent source doctrine: Since the tainted evidence would be admissible if, in fact, it was discovered through an independent source, it should be admissible if it inevitably would have been discovered.'" State v. Vigne, 01-2940 (La.6/21/02), 820 So.2d 533, 539 , quoting Murray v. U.S., 487 U.S. 533, 539 , 108 S.Ct. 2529, 2534 , 101 L.Ed.2d 472 (1988) (emphasis omitted). 2006State v. Vigne, 820 So.2d at 539 , citing Nix v. Williams, 467 U.S. 431, 444 , 104 S.Ct. 2501, 2509 , 81 L.Ed.2d 377 (1984).	1	2006–2006
United States v. Eddie Wayne Roberson green ca5 · 1989 1 sentence 1998The State cites United States v. Roberson, 872 F.2d 597 (5th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 861 , 110 S.Ct. 175 , 107 L.Ed.2d 131 (1989), in support of its argument distinguishing statements compelled by formal grants of immunity from statements given pursuant to informal immunity agreements. [4] GRANTS OF IMMUNITY The type of immunity granted to a witness, and the effect of that immunity on the admissibility of the witness' statements in a subsequent prosecution is initially dependent on the source of the immunity itself.	1	1998–1998
Nicholas v. United States green scotus · 1989 2 sentences 1998The State cites United States v. Roberson, 872 F.2d 597 (5th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 861 , 110 S.Ct. 175 , 107 L.Ed.2d 131 (1989), in support of its argument distinguishing statements compelled by formal grants of immunity from statements given pursuant to informal immunity agreements. [4] GRANTS OF IMMUNITY The type of immunity granted to a witness, and the effect of that immunity on the admissibility of the witness' statements in a subsequent prosecution is initially dependent on the source of the immunity itself. 1998The State cites United States v. Roberson, 872 F.2d 597 (5th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 861 , 110 S.Ct. 175 , 107 L.Ed.2d 131 (1989), in support of its argument distinguishing statements compelled by formal grants of immunity from statements given pursuant to informal immunity agreements. [4] GRANTS OF IMMUNITY The type of immunity granted to a witness, and the effect of that immunity on the admissibility of the witness' statements in a subsequent prosecution is initially dependent on the source of the immunity itself.	1	1998–1998
Stotts v. United States green scotus · 1989 1 sentence 1998The State cites United States v. Roberson, 872 F.2d 597 (5th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 861 , 110 S.Ct. 175 , 107 L.Ed.2d 131 (1989), in support of its argument distinguishing statements compelled by formal grants of immunity from statements given pursuant to informal immunity agreements. [4] GRANTS OF IMMUNITY The type of immunity granted to a witness, and the effect of that immunity on the admissibility of the witness' statements in a subsequent prosecution is initially dependent on the source of the immunity itself.	1	1998–1998
LK v. Reed green la · 1994 1 sentence 1997See also State v. Welch, 449 So.2d 468 (La.1984); State v. Irby, 93-2220 (La.App. 4th Cir. 2/4/94), 632 So.2d 801 , writ den. 94-0580 (La.4/29/94), 637 So.2d 461 .	1	1997–1997
Crane v. Exxon Corp., USA green lactapp · 1992 1 sentence 1993Crane v. Exxon Corp., U.S.A., 613 So.2d 214 (La.App. 1st Cir.1992), writ denied in relevant part, 620 So.2d 858 (La.1993).	1	1993–1993
Crane v. Exxon Corp., U.S.A. green la · 1993 1 sentence 1993Crane v. Exxon Corp., U.S.A., 613 So.2d 214 (La.App. 1st Cir.1992), writ denied in relevant part, 620 So.2d 858 (La.1993).	1	1993–1993
Apodaca v. United States green scotus · 1987 1 sentence 1993The case of U.S. v. Swiatek, 819 F.2d 721, 726 (7th Cir.1987), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 903 , 108 S.Ct. 245 , 98 L.Ed.2d 203 (1987), noted that all of the federal circuits have held that the issue of outrageous government misconduct is not a jury question.	1	1993–1993
Dempewolf v. United States green scotus · 1987 1 sentence 1993The case of U.S. v. Swiatek, 819 F.2d 721, 726 (7th Cir.1987), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 903 , 108 S.Ct. 245 , 98 L.Ed.2d 203 (1987), noted that all of the federal circuits have held that the issue of outrageous government misconduct is not a jury question.	1	1993–1993
Welch v. Smith green scotus · 1987 1 sentence 1993The case of U.S. v. Swiatek, 819 F.2d 721, 726 (7th Cir.1987), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 903 , 108 S.Ct. 245 , 98 L.Ed.2d 203 (1987), noted that all of the federal circuits have held that the issue of outrageous government misconduct is not a jury question.	1	1993–1993
United States v. Samuel Clinton Driver and Panom Driver green ca9 · 1985	1	1988–1988
Segura v. United States green scotus · 1984 2 sentences 1988The rationale of Allard which is relied upon by applicants was rejected by the United States Supreme Court in Seguara v. United States, 468 U.S. 796 , 104 S.Ct. 3380 , 82 L.Ed.2d 599 (1984) which reaffirmed the independent source rule followed by all federal circuits except the Ninth. 1988The rationale of Allard which is relied upon by applicants was rejected by the United States Supreme Court in Seguara v. United States, 468 U.S. 796 , 104 S.Ct. 3380 , 82 L.Ed.2d 599 (1984) which reaffirmed the independent source rule followed by all federal circuits except the Ninth.	1	1988–1988
Parish Nat. Bank v. Lane green la · 1981	1	1987–1987
Duplessis v. Hullinghorst green lactapp · 1971	1	1987–1987
Kay v. Carter green la · 1963	1	1981–1981
Patton v. Cities of Philadelphia & New Orleans green · 1846	1	1956–1956

Statutes the citing opinions construe

LA § La. Rev. Stat. § 40:967 (9) LA § La. Rev. Stat. § 14:30.1 (5) LA § La. Rev. Stat. § 14:95.1 (4) LA § La. Rev. Stat. § 15:301.1 (3) LA § La. Rev. Stat. § 15:438 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 308 (1894–2026) NY 161 (1857–2025) CA 105 (1965–2026) IL 70 (1950–2024) PA 69 (1948–2025) WA 66 (1976–2025) NM 61 (1989–2026) NJ 45 (1975–2025) LA 43 (1956–2025) OR 41 (1979–2025) CO 36 (1982–2026) MI 33 (1975–2025) GA 33 (1941–2024) MA 30 (1979–2025) WI 29 (1955–2025) MD 29 (1979–2025) TN 28 (1977–2023) FL 27 (1981–2026) CT 23 (1976–2026) AZ 23 (1984–2024) ID 22 (1949–2021) DE 21 (1965–2026) OH 21 (1967–2025) MO 19 (1973–2023) UT 18 (1991–2020) NC 18 (1941–2017) IA 16 (1898–2021) VA 15 (2000–2024) ME 14 (1922–2025) MN 13 (1942–2024) DC 12 (1974–2021) AK 12 (1971–2025) KY 12 (1945–2024) IN 11 (1972–2017) MT 11 (1983–2024) KS 10 (1989–2011) MS 10 (1968–2026) SD 10 (1985–2024) HI 9 (1964–2021) ND 8 (1894–2018) NV 7 (2000–2018) AL 6 (1917–2002) SC 6 (1985–2026) WY 5 (1976–2022) VT 5 (1964–2011) NH 4 (2005–2025) WV 4 (1981–2016) NE 4 (1983–2022) OK 3 (1979–2019) RI 3 (1970–2024) VI 2 (1998–2015)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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