burden of proving exception (Indiana) · Go Syfert
← Indiana issues

burden of proving exception in Indiana

101 Indiana opinions name it 2 courts 1922–2024 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Indiana courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (31)

CaseFollowedCited
Short v. Stategreen
ind · 1982 · cited in 7 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1996–2005
2 sentences

2005Id. (citing Short v. State, 443 N.E.2d 298, 308 (Ind.1982)).

2005Short v. State, 443 N.E.2d 298, 303 (Ind.1982).

67
State v. Farbergreen
indctapp · 1997 · cited in 4 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1999–2009
2 sentences

2009"In cases involving a warrantless search, the State bears the burden of proving an exception to the warrant requirement." Id. (citing State v. Farber, 677 N.E.2d 1111, 1116 (Ind.Ct.App.1997)).

2009"In cases involving a warrantless search, the State bears the burden of proving an exception to the warrant requirement." Id. (citing State v. Farber, 677 N.E.2d 1111, 1116 (Ind.Ct.App.1997)).

44
Halsema v. Stategreen
ind · 2005 · cited in 6 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2006–2018
2 sentences

2018“In cases involving a warrantless search, the State bears the burden of proving an exception to the warrant requirement.” Id. “[E]vidence obtained pursuant to an illegal search is inadmissible at trial.” Blankenship v. State, 5 N.E.3d 779, 782 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014).

2016Halsema v. State, 823 N.E.2d 668, 676 (Ind.2005).

36
Twyman v. Stategreen
ind · 1984 · cited in 6 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1984–1986
2 sentences

1984The burden of proving the defense rests entirely upon the State." 459 N.E.2d at 712 (emphasis added).

1984The burden of proving the defense rests entirely upon the State. " 459 N.E.2d at 712 (emphasis added).

36
Swanson v. Stategreen
indctapp · 2000 · cited in 3 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016Swanson v. State, 730 N.E.2d 205, 208 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000), trans. denied.

2016See, e.g., Swanson v. State, 730 N.E.2d 205, 208 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000), trans. denied.

33
State v. Joegreen
indctapp · 1998 · cited in 3 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1999–2001
2 sentences

2001Id.; State v. Joe, 693 N.E.2d 573, 575 (Ind.Ct.App.1998), trans. denied.

2001Id.; State v. Joe, 693 N.E.2d 573, 575 (Ind.Ct.App.1998), reh’g denied, trans. denied .

33
Common Council of Peru v. Peru Daily Tribune, Inc.green
indctapp · 1982 · cited in 3 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1995–2001
2 sentences

2001Id.

2000Thus, we concluded that “liberal construction of a statute requires narrow construction of its exceptions,” and further explained that a strict construction is effected “by placing the burden of proving the exception upon the party claiming it.” Id. (quoting Common Council of City of Peru v. Peru Daily Tribune, Inc., 440 N.E.2d 726, 729 (Ind.Ct.App.1982)).

23
Moore v. Stategreen
indctapp · 1996 · cited in 2 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2005–2024
2 sentences

2024Martin v. Ohio, 480 U.S. 228, 233-34 , 107 S.Ct. 1098 , 94 L.Ed.2d 267 (1987) (positing that state law may assign a defendant the burden of proof on a defense of self-defense); Moore v. State, 673 N.E.2d 776, 779 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996), trans. denied.

2005Martin v. Ohio, 480 U.S. *715 228, 233-34, 107 S.Ct. 1098 , 94 L.Ed.2d 267 (1987) (positing that state law may assign defendant burden of proof on defense of self-defense); Moore v. State, 673 N.E.2d 776, 779 (Ind.Ct.App.1996), trans. denied.

22
Melendez v. Indianagreen
ind · 1987 · cited in 2 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2013–2014
2 sentences

2014Melendez v. State, 511 N.E.2d 454, 457-458 (Ind. 1987).

2013Melendez v. State, 511 N.E.2d 454, 457-58 (Ind. 1987).

22
Hall v. Stategreen
ind · 1991 · cited in 2 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1996–1997
2 sentences

1996See Huffman, supra, at 901 n. 2 (error to instruct jury that "The burden of proving this defense is on the Defendant"); Street, supra, at 104 (error to instruct jury that "defendant has the burden of proving that the defendant reached this degree of intoxication"); Hall v. State, 574 N.E.2d 287, 288 (Ind.1991) (error to instruct jury that "defendant has the burden of proof for the defense of intoxication").

1996See Huffman, supra, at 901 n. 2 (error to instruct jury that “The burden of proving this defense is on the Defendant”); Street, supra, at 104 (error to instruct jury that “defendant has the burden of proving that the defendant reached this degree of intoxication”); Hall v. State, 574 N.E.2d 287, 288 (Ind.1991) (error to instruct jury that “defendant has the burden of proof for the defense of intoxication”).

22
Lawshe v. Glen Park Lbr. Co., Inc.green
indctapp · 1978 · cited in 4 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1981–2016
2 sentences

2016To preserve an affirmative defense, the party with the burden of proving the defense “must either have set forth the defense in a responsive pleading or show that the defense was litigated by the parties.” Lawshe v. Glen Park Lumber Co., 176 Ind. App. 344, 347 , 375 N.E.2d 275, 277-78 (1978).

2016To preserve an affirmative defense, the party with the burden of proving the defense “must either have set forth the defense in a responsive pleading or show that the defense was litigated by the parties.” Lawshe v. Glen Park Lumber Co., 176 Ind. App. 344, 347 , 375 N.E.2d 275, 277-78 (1978).

14
Blatchford v. Stategreen
indctapp · 1996 · cited in 2 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2001–2012
2 sentences

2012“As a result, the burden of proving the defense remains on the defendant.” Blatchford, 673 N.E.2d at 783 .

2001Blatchford v. State, 673 N.E.2d 781, 783 (Ind.Ct.App.1996).

12
State v. Huffmangreen
ind · 1994 · cited in 2 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
2 sentences

1996See Huffman, supra, at 901 n. 2 (error to instruct jury that "The burden of proving this defense is on the Defendant"); Street, supra, at 104 (error to instruct jury that "defendant has the burden of proving that the defendant reached this degree of intoxication"); Hall v. State, 574 N.E.2d 287, 288 (Ind.1991) (error to instruct jury that "defendant has the burden of proof for the defense of intoxication").

1996See Huffman, supra, at 901 n. 2 (error to instruct jury that “The burden of proving this defense is on the Defendant”); Street, supra, at 104 (error to instruct jury that “defendant has the burden of proving that the defendant reached this degree of intoxication”); Hall v. State, 574 N.E.2d 287, 288 (Ind.1991) (error to instruct jury that “defendant has the burden of proof for the defense of intoxication”).

12
Peavler v. BD. OF COM'RS MONROE CTY.green
ind · 1988 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
1 sentence

2019See Peavler v. Bd. of Comm’rs of Monroe Cty., 528 N.E.2d 40, 46 (Ind. 1988) (stating the burden of proving immunity is on the governmental entity seeking its benefit).

11
Kimberly D. Blankenship v. State of Indianagreen
indctapp · 2014 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
1 sentence

2018“In cases involving a warrantless search, the State bears the burden of proving an exception to the warrant requirement.” Id. “[E]vidence obtained pursuant to an illegal search is inadmissible at trial.” Blankenship v. State, 5 N.E.3d 779, 782 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014).

11
Angela Lundy v. State of Indianagreen
indctapp · 2015 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
1 sentence

2018“The existence of a valid prescription for a controlled substance is a defense to the crime of possession” and “[t]he defendant bears the burden of proving this defense by a preponderance of the evidence.” Lundy v. State, 26 N.E.3d 656, 658 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015).

11
Cooper v. Stategreen
indctapp · 2001 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
11
Adam Miller v. State of Indianagreen
indctapp · 2013 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014Miller v. State 991 N.E.2d 1025, 1028 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013), trans. denied.

11
Hoffa v. Stategreen
ind · 1977 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
11
Moon v. Stategreen
indctapp · 2005 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
11
Oelling v. Raogreen
ind · 1992 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
11
Spar v. Chagreen
ind · 2009 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
11
Bader v. Johnsongreen
ind · 2000 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
11
Baker v. Champion Motor Home Co., Inc.green
indctapp · 1987 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
GKC Indiana Theatres, Inc. v. Elk Retail Investors, LLC.green
indctapp · 2002 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11
Krise v. Stategreen
ind · 2001 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
11
Street v. Stategreen
ind · 1991 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11
Cuppett v. Stategreen
ind · 1983 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
11
Comark Merchandising, Incorporated, Plaintiff-Appellant/cross-Appellee v. Highland Group, Incorporated, Defendant-Appellee/cross-Appellantgreen
ca7 · 1991 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
11
Ward v. Stategreen
ind · 1982 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1985–1985
11
Basham v. Stategreen
ind · 1981 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Indiana. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (48)

CaseCitedYears
Callahan v. State green
indctapp · 1999
2 sentences

2009"In cases involving a warrantless search, the State bears the burden of proving an exception to the warrant requirement." Id. (citing State v. Farber, 677 N.E.2d 1111, 1116 (Ind.Ct.App.1997)).

2009"In cases involving a warrantless search, the State bears the burden of proving an exception to the warrant requirement." Id. (citing State v. Farber, 677 N.E.2d 1111, 1116 (Ind.Ct.App.1997)).

32006–2012
Lafary v. Lafary green
indctapp · 1985
2 sentences

1992Lafary v. Lafary (1985), Ind. App., 476 N.E.2d 155, 159 .

1992Lafary v. Lafary (1985), Ind.App., 476 N.E.2d 155, 159 .

31989–1992
Martin v. Ohio green
scotus · 1987
2 sentences

2024Martin v. Ohio, 480 U.S. 228, 233-34 , 107 S.Ct. 1098 , 94 L.Ed.2d 267 (1987) (positing that state law may assign a defendant the burden of proof on a defense of self-defense); Moore v. State, 673 N.E.2d 776, 779 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996), trans. denied.

2024Martin v. Ohio, 480 U.S. 228, 233-34 , 107 S.Ct. 1098 , 94 L.Ed.2d 267 (1987) (positing that state law may assign a defendant the burden of proof on a defense of self-defense); Moore v. State, 673 N.E.2d 776, 779 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996), trans. denied.

22005–2024
Salem Community School Corp. v. Richman green
indctapp · 1980
2 sentences

2018Id. [25] However, while the existence of facts necessary to constitute a waiver of a contract provision is ordinarily a question of fact, the question of the facts necessary to constitute a waiver is a matter of law.

1991Salem Community School Corp. v. Richman (1980), Ind.App., 406 N.E.2d 269, 274 .

21991–2018
Williams v. State green
indctapp · 2012
2 sentences

2016Id. 1 Subsequently amended by Pub.

2015Id. [6] On December 3, 2013, Lundy served a request for production of documents by a non-party and a subpoena duces tecum on “INSPECT RX.” Appellant’s App. p. 35.

22015–2016
Ammons v. State green
indctapp · 2002
2 sentences

2012“In cases involving a warrantless search, the State bears the burden of proving an exception to the warrant requirement.” Id.

2012“In cases involving a warrantless search, the State bears the burden of proving an exception to the warrant requirement.” Id.

22012–2012
Olson v. State green
ind · 1990
2 sentences

1991In Olson v. State (1990), Ind., 563 N.E.2d 565 , this Court criticized a voluntary intoxication defense instruction which had included the sentence, "The burden of proving this defense is on the defendant[,]" but refused to declare its giving fundamental error.

1991In Olson v. State (1990), Ind., 563 N.E.2d 565 , this Court criticized a voluntary intoxication defense instruction which had included the sentence, "The burden of proving this defense is on the defendant[,]" but refused to declare its giving fundamental error.

21991–1994
Railway Express Agency v. Harrington green
indctapp · 1949
2 sentences

1955The limitation of time for filing the claim, as provided in the Act, is a condition precedent to the right to maintain the action and the burden of proving the claim was filed within the allotted period is upon the claimant. *500 Railway Express Agency v. Harrington (1949), 119 Ind. App. 593, 596 , 88 N.E.2d 175 .

1955The limitation of time for filing the claim, as provided in the Act, is a condition precedent to the right to maintain the action and the burden of proving the claim was filed within the allotted period is upon the claimant. *500 Railway Express Agency v. Harrington (1949), 119 Ind. App. 593, 596 , 88 N.E.2d 175 .

21955–1957
Munster v. Groce green
indctapp · 2005
1 sentence

2019Id. [6] Indiana Trial Rule 4.13(A) provides that if a party seeks to serve notice by publication, that party must submit the request “along with supporting affidavits that diligent search has been made that the defendant cannot be found, has concealed his whereabouts, or has left the state . . . .” Fragoso Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-DR-1195 | October 17, 2019 Page 4 of 7 argues that the affidavit submitted by Avila is insufficiently detailed to meet this standard. [7] We acknowledge that the affidavit does not contain a wealth of detail, but find that what it does co

12019–2019
Lundquist v. State green
indctapp · 2005
1 sentence

2018Id. [12] The "automobile exception" to the warrant requirement allows police to search a vehicle without obtaining a warrant if they have probable cause to believe the vehicle contains evidence of a crime.

12018–2018
Kimberly Heaton v. State of Indiana green
ind · 2013
1 sentence

2018Heaton, 984 N.E.2d at 617 .

12018–2018
Bertoch v. NBD CORP. green
ind · 2004
1 sentence

2017See Ind. Code § 22-3-2-2 (a); Bertoch, 813 N.E.2d at 1161 .

12017–2017
Navarro v. State green
indctapp · 2006
12014–2014
Jaynes v. State green
indctapp · 1982
1 sentence

2014Jaynes, 437 N.E.2d at 139 .

12014–2014
Robinson v. Indiana University green
indctapp · 1995
12013–2013
Pinkney v. State green
indctapp · 2001
12012–2012
Jackson v. State green
indctapp · 2003
12011–2011
Howard v. State green
indctapp · 2007
12010–2010
GKN Co. v. Magness green
ind · 2001
12008–2008
Erie Insurance v. Hickman Ex Rel. Smith green
ind · 1993
12005–2005
Perry v. State green
ind · 1994
12005–2005
Willis v. State green
indctapp · 2002
12004–2004
Baker v. Town of Middlebury green
indctapp · 2001
12002–2002
Melton v. State green
indctapp · 1999
12000–2000
Heltzel v. Thomas green
indctapp · 1987
12000–2000
Berry v. State green
ind · 1998
12000–2000
Dale R. Horning Co. v. Falconer Glass Industries, Inc. green
insd · 1990
11995–1995
Callahan v. State green
ind · 1988
11992–1992
Huffman v. State green
ind · 1989
11991–1991
Get-N-Go, Inc. v. Markins green
ind · 1989
11990–1990
Get-N-Go, Inc. v. Markins green
ind · 1990
11990–1990
Williams v. State green
ind · 1982
11988–1988
Metropolitan School District of Martinsville v. Mason green
indctapp · 1983
11987–1987
Thompson v. Town of Fort Branch green
ind · 1931
11987–1987
Davis v. State green
indctapp · 1985
11985–1985
Patterson v. New York green
scotus · 1977
11985–1985
Colaw v. Nicholson green
indctapp · 1983
11984–1984
Gates v. Rosenogle green
indctapp · 1983
11984–1984
Richardson v. Brown neutral
indctapp · 1977
11983–1983
Merimee v. Brumfield green
indctapp · 1979
11982–1982

Statutes the citing opinions construe

IN § Ind. Code § 35-48-4-7 (7) IN § Ind. Code § 35-48-4-1 (6) IN § Ind. Code § 35-48-4-6 (6)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 223 (1908–2026) CA 185 (1920–2026) LA 167 (1939–2025) PA 140 (1919–2026) IN 101 (1922–2024) IL 94 (1907–2026) WA 86 (1942–2025) GA 81 (1940–2026) OH 79 (1957–2025) MO 66 (1929–2025) TN 61 (1985–2025) MI 57 (1948–2025) VA 54 (1918–2024) CT 53 (1982–2026) NY 46 (1882–2025) CO 46 (1938–2026) FL 37 (1944–2025) WV 37 (1919–2026) IA 34 (1902–2025) AZ 31 (1957–2023) NC 29 (1970–2026) AR 29 (1966–2023) WI 28 (1959–2025) MD 27 (2005–2024) AL 25 (1902–2016) MS 24 (1922–2023) NJ 23 (1951–2025) MA 22 (1908–2026) MN 21 (1979–2018) OR 21 (1896–2024) ID 18 (1944–2026) KS 17 (1918–2026) NM 17 (1971–2025) ND 17 (1915–2023) ME 14 (1969–2025) SC 12 (1917–2019) MT 12 (1969–2022) NE 11 (1876–2013) RI 11 (1978–2022) SD 10 (1929–2017) DE 10 (1977–2026) UT 10 (1896–2025) KY 9 (1951–2024) VT 8 (1960–2020) OK 7 (1912–1971) NH 6 (1967–2009) WY 6 (2004–2024) DC 5 (1990–2020) HI 5 (1981–2020) AK 4 (1983–1996) NV 3 (1982–2020) VI 2 (1977–2014)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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