foundational requirement (Hawaii) · Go Syfert
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foundational requirement in Hawaii

12 Hawaii opinions name it 2 courts 1978–2021 2 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Hawaii courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (16)

CaseFollowedCited
Mauna Kea Anaina Hou v. Board of Land & Natural Resourcesgreen
haw · 2015 · cited in 2 Hawaii opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021Res., 136 Hawai#i 376, 389, 363 P.3d 224, 237 (2015) ("[J]ustice can perform its high function in the best way only if it satisfies the appearance of justice." (quoting Sifagaloa v. Bd. of Trs. of Emps.

2021Res., 136 Hawai#i 376, 389, 363 P.3d 224, 237 (2015) ("[J]ustice can perform its high function in the best way only if it satisfies the appearance of justice." (quoting Sifagaloa v. Bd. of Trs. of Emps.

22
State v. Browngreen
haw · 1989 · cited in 2 Hawaii opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021Discussion A. Legal Framework We honor a foundational principle of our judicial system: "The integrity of the judicial process depends on 'justice ... satisfy[ing] the appearance of justice.'" Ross, 89 Hawai#i at 381, 974 P.2d at 21 (quoting State v. Brown, 70 Haw. 459, 467 , 776 P.2d 1182, 1188 (1989)); see Mauna Kea Anaina Hou v. Bd. of Land & Nat.

2021Discussion A. Legal Framework We honor a foundational principle of our judicial system: "The integrity of the judicial process depends on 'justice ... satisfy[ing] the appearance of justice.'" Ross, 89 Hawai#i at 381, 974 P.2d at 21 (quoting State v. Brown, 70 Haw. 459, 467 , 776 P.2d 1182, 1188 (1989)); see Mauna Kea Anaina Hou v. Bd. of Land & Nat.

22
Shea v. City and County of Honolulugreen
haw · 1985 · cited in 2 Hawaii opinions naming this issue, 1996–2008
2 sentences

2008The Moore court further acknowledged that this court, three years after the Messamore case was decided, transformed the observation in Messamore "into a foundational requirement for the applicability of the excited utterance. exception." Moore , 82 Hawai`i at 220, 921 P.2d at 140 (citing Shea v. City & County of Honolulu, 67 Haw. 499 , 692 P.2d 1158 (1985)).

2008The Moore court further acknowledged that this court, three years after the Messamore case was decided, transformed the observation in Messamore "into a foundational requirement for the applicability of the excited utterance. exception." Moore , 82 Hawai`i at 220, 921 P.2d at 140 (citing Shea v. City & County of Honolulu, 67 Haw. 499 , 692 P.2d 1158 (1985)).

12
Sierra Club v. Department of Transportationgreen
haw · 2007 · cited in 1 Hawaii opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
2 sentences

2019See Superferry I , 115 Hawai'i at 320 , 167 P.3d at 313 ("[E]nvironmental plaintiffs must meet the three-part standing test, ... although there will be no requirement that their asserted injury be particular to the plaintiffs, and the court will recognize harms to plaintiffs['] environmental interests as injuries that may provide the basis for standing."); Sierra Club v. Hawai'i Tourism Auth. ex rel.

2019See Superferry I , 115 Hawai'i at 320 , 167 P.3d at 313 ("[E]nvironmental plaintiffs must meet the three-part standing test, ... although there will be no requirement that their asserted injury be particular to the plaintiffs, and the court will recognize harms to plaintiffs['] environmental interests as injuries that may provide the basis for standing."); Sierra Club v. Hawai'i Tourism Auth. ex rel.

11
Tachibana v. Stategreen
haw · 1995 · cited in 1 Hawaii opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
2 sentences

2007A defendant’s counsel has “the duty to inform a defendant of the existence of certain constitutional rights[,j” inasmuch as “a trial court can justifiably presume, based on a defendant’s conduct or silence, that a defendant is aware of and has waived certain rights.” Tachibana, 79 Hawai'i at 240 , 900 P.2d at 1307 (Nakayama, J., dissenting) (citing State v. Silva, 78 Hawai'i 115 , 890 P.2d 702 (App.1995); State v. Savage, 120 N.J. 594 , 577 A.2d 455 (1990)).

2007A defendant's counsel has "the duty to inform a defendant of the existence of certain constitutional rights[,]" inasmuch as "a trial court can justifiably presume, based on a defendant's conduct or silence, that a defendant is aware of and has waived certain rights." Tachibana , 79 Hawai`i at 240, 900 P.2d at 1307 (Nakayama, J., dissenting) (citing State v. Silva, 78 Hawai`i 115, 890 P.2d 702 (App.1995); State v. Savage, 120 N.J. 594 , 577 A.2d 455 (1990)).

11
United States v. Stanley Sowa, Jr., Also Known as Alfred Junior, IIgreen
ca7 · 1994 · cited in 1 Hawaii opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
1 sentence

1996See e.g., Sowa, 34 F.3d at 453 (time element important but not controlling; statement twenty minutes after event admissible); State v. Patino, 177 Wis.2d 348 , 502 N.W.2d 601, 608 (App.1993) (time lapse mea- sured by duration of excited condition rather than time lapse from event described; statement made one hour after event admissible); Ross v. State, 879 S.W.2d 248, 249 (Tex.App.1994) (time between event and statement is not the critical factor, where declarant under stress of event thirty to forty-five minutes later; statement admissible); People v. Knade, 252 Ill.App.3d 682 , 192 Ill.Dec.

11
United States v. Daniel Riveragreen
ca9 · 1995 · cited in 1 Hawaii opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
1 sentence

1996See e.g., Sowa, 34 F.3d at 453 (time element important but not controlling; statement twenty minutes after event admissible); State v. Patino, 177 Wis.2d 348 , 502 N.W.2d 601, 608 (App.1993) (time lapse mea- sured by duration of excited condition rather than time lapse from event described; statement made one hour after event admissible); Ross v. State, 879 S.W.2d 248, 249 (Tex.App.1994) (time between event and statement is not the critical factor, where declarant under stress of event thirty to forty-five minutes later; statement admissible); People v. Knade, 252 Ill.App.3d 682 , 192 Ill.Dec.

11
Territory v. Lewisgreen
haw · 1953 · cited in 1 Hawaii opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
1 sentence

1996The court, in In the Interest of John Doe, born on November 23, 1970, 70 Haw. 32 , 761 P.2d 299 (1988), recited the original rule from Lewis , adding the Shea requirement, and stated: “‘To be admitted[, statements] must be reasonably contemporaneous with the event to which they relate, i.e., they must be such as to have been proximately caused by the exciting influence of the event without opportunity for deliberation or [other] influence.’” Shea v. City & County, 67 Haw. 499, 506 , 692 P.2d 1158, 1164 (1985) (quoting Territory v. Lewis, 39 Haw. 635, 640 (1953)) (citations omitted).

11
People in Interest of OEPgreen
colo · 1982 · cited in 1 Hawaii opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
1 sentence

1996See e.g., Sowa, 34 F.3d at 453 (time element important but not controlling; statement twenty minutes after event admissible); State v. Patino, 177 Wis.2d 348 , 502 N.W.2d 601, 608 (App.1993) (time lapse mea- sured by duration of excited condition rather than time lapse from event described; statement made one hour after event admissible); Ross v. State, 879 S.W.2d 248, 249 (Tex.App.1994) (time between event and statement is not the critical factor, where declarant under stress of event thirty to forty-five minutes later; statement admissible); People v. Knade, 252 Ill.App.3d 682 , 192 Ill.Dec.

11
State v. Messamoregreen
hawapp · 1982 · cited in 1 Hawaii opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
2 sentences

1996This ill-supported observation was transformed into a foundational requirement for the applicability of the excited utterance exception in Shea v. City & County of Honolulu, 67 Haw. 499 , 692 P.2d 1158 (1985), wherein this court stated: “Because the ‘element that buttresses the reliability of [an ‘excited utterance’] is ... spontaneity[,] ... the time span between the event and the making of the statement [must be] short— very short.’” Id. at 506 , 692 P.2d at 1164 (brackets and ellipsis points in original) (quoting Messamore, 2 Haw.App. at 649, 639 P.2d at 418 ).

1996This ill-supported observation was transformed into a foundational requirement for the applicability of the excited utterance exception in Shea v. City & County of Honolulu, 67 Haw. 499 , 692 P.2d 1158 (1985), wherein this court stated: “Because the ‘element that buttresses the reliability of [an ‘excited utterance’] is ... spontaneity[,] ... the time span between the event and the making of the statement [must be] short— very short.’” Id. at 506 , 692 P.2d at 1164 (brackets and ellipsis points in original) (quoting Messamore, 2 Haw.App. at 649, 639 P.2d at 418 ).

11
United States v. John Louis Iron Shell, Jr.green
ca8 · 1980 · cited in 1 Hawaii opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
1 sentence

1996See e.g., Sowa, 34 F.3d at 453 (time element important but not controlling; statement twenty minutes after event admissible); State v. Patino, 177 Wis.2d 348 , 502 N.W.2d 601, 608 (App.1993) (time lapse mea- sured by duration of excited condition rather than time lapse from event described; statement made one hour after event admissible); Ross v. State, 879 S.W.2d 248, 249 (Tex.App.1994) (time between event and statement is not the critical factor, where declarant under stress of event thirty to forty-five minutes later; statement admissible); People v. Knade, 252 Ill.App.3d 682 , 192 Ill.Dec.

11
Ross v. Stategreen
texapp · 1994 · cited in 1 Hawaii opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
1 sentence

1996See e.g., Sowa, 34 F.3d at 453 (time element important but not controlling; statement twenty minutes after event admissible); State v. Patino, 177 Wis.2d 348 , 502 N.W.2d 601, 608 (App.1993) (time lapse mea- sured by duration of excited condition rather than time lapse from event described; statement made one hour after event admissible); Ross v. State, 879 S.W.2d 248, 249 (Tex.App.1994) (time between event and statement is not the critical factor, where declarant under stress of event thirty to forty-five minutes later; statement admissible); People v. Knade, 252 Ill.App.3d 682 , 192 Ill.Dec.

11
United States v. Thomas N. Mooregreen
ca7 · 1986 · cited in 1 Hawaii opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
1 sentence

1996See e.g., Sowa, 34 F.3d at 453 (time element important but not controlling; statement twenty minutes after event admissible); State v. Patino, 177 Wis.2d 348 , 502 N.W.2d 601, 608 (App.1993) (time lapse mea- sured by duration of excited condition rather than time lapse from event described; statement made one hour after event admissible); Ross v. State, 879 S.W.2d 248, 249 (Tex.App.1994) (time between event and statement is not the critical factor, where declarant under stress of event thirty to forty-five minutes later; statement admissible); People v. Knade, 252 Ill.App.3d 682 , 192 Ill.Dec.

11
Cedric Webb v. Michael P. Lane, Director of Illinois Department of Correctionsgreen
ca7 · 1991 · cited in 1 Hawaii opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
1 sentence

1996See e.g., Sowa, 34 F.3d at 453 (time element important but not controlling; statement twenty minutes after event admissible); State v. Patino, 177 Wis.2d 348 , 502 N.W.2d 601, 608 (App.1993) (time lapse mea- sured by duration of excited condition rather than time lapse from event described; statement made one hour after event admissible); Ross v. State, 879 S.W.2d 248, 249 (Tex.App.1994) (time between event and statement is not the critical factor, where declarant under stress of event thirty to forty-five minutes later; statement admissible); People v. Knade, 252 Ill.App.3d 682 , 192 Ill.Dec.

11
State v. Patinogreen
wisctapp · 1993 · cited in 1 Hawaii opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
2 sentences

1996See e.g., Sowa, 34 F.3d at 453 (time element important but not controlling; statement twenty minutes after event admissible); State v. Patino, 177 Wis.2d 348 , 502 N.W.2d 601, 608 (App.1993) (time lapse mea- sured by duration of excited condition rather than time lapse from event described; statement made one hour after event admissible); Ross v. State, 879 S.W.2d 248, 249 (Tex.App.1994) (time between event and statement is not the critical factor, where declarant under stress of event thirty to forty-five minutes later; statement admissible); People v. Knade, 252 Ill.App.3d 682 , 192 Ill.Dec.

1996See e.g., Sowa, 34 F.3d at 453 (time element important but not controlling; statement twenty minutes after event admissible); State v. Patino, 177 Wis.2d 348 , 502 N.W.2d 601, 608 (App.1993) (time lapse mea- sured by duration of excited condition rather than time lapse from event described; statement made one hour after event admissible); Ross v. State, 879 S.W.2d 248, 249 (Tex.App.1994) (time between event and statement is not the critical factor, where declarant under stress of event thirty to forty-five minutes later; statement admissible); People v. Knade, 252 Ill.App.3d 682 , 192 Ill.Dec.

11
People v. Knadegreen
illappct · 1993 · cited in 1 Hawaii opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
2 sentences

1996See e.g., Sowa, 34 F.3d at 453 (time element important but not controlling; statement twenty minutes after event admissible); State v. Patino, 177 Wis.2d 348 , 502 N.W.2d 601, 608 (App.1993) (time lapse mea- sured by duration of excited condition rather than time lapse from event described; statement made one hour after event admissible); Ross v. State, 879 S.W.2d 248, 249 (Tex.App.1994) (time between event and statement is not the critical factor, where declarant under stress of event thirty to forty-five minutes later; statement admissible); People v. Knade, 252 Ill.App.3d 682 , 192 Ill.Dec.

1996See e.g., Sowa, 34 F.3d at 453 (time element important but not controlling; statement twenty minutes after event admissible); State v. Patino, 177 Wis.2d 348 , 502 N.W.2d 601, 608 (App.1993) (time lapse mea- sured by duration of excited condition rather than time lapse from event described; statement made one hour after event admissible); Ross v. State, 879 S.W.2d 248, 249 (Tex.App.1994) (time between event and statement is not the critical factor, where declarant under stress of event thirty to forty-five minutes later; statement admissible); People v. Knade, 252 Ill.App.3d 682 , 192 Ill.Dec.

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Hawaii. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (11)

CaseCitedYears
State v. Ross green
haw · 1999
2 sentences

2021Discussion A. Legal Framework We honor a foundational principle of our judicial system: "The integrity of the judicial process depends on 'justice ... satisfy[ing] the appearance of justice.'" Ross, 89 Hawai#i at 381, 974 P.2d at 21 (quoting State v. Brown, 70 Haw. 459, 467 , 776 P.2d 1182, 1188 (1989)); see Mauna Kea Anaina Hou v. Bd. of Land & Nat.

2021Discussion A. Legal Framework We honor a foundational principle of our judicial system: "The integrity of the judicial process depends on 'justice ... satisfy[ing] the appearance of justice.'" Ross, 89 Hawai#i at 381, 974 P.2d at 21 (quoting State v. Brown, 70 Haw. 459, 467 , 776 P.2d 1182, 1188 (1989)); see Mauna Kea Anaina Hou v. Bd. of Land & Nat.

22021–2021
In the Interest of Doe green
haw · 1988
2 sentences

2008Eventually, in 1988, this court, in In re Doe, born on November 23, 1970 [hereinafter, In re Doe], 70 Haw. 32 , 761 P.2d 299 (1988), combined the original rule in Lewis with the Shea time span requirement into factors for the excited utterance exception.

2008Eventually, in 1988, this court, in In re Doe, born on November 23, 1970 [hereinafter, In re Doe], 70 Haw. 32 , 761 P.2d 299 (1988), combined the original rule in Lewis with the Shea time span requirement into factors for the excited utterance exception.

21996–2008
State v. Mainaaupo green
haw · 2008
1 sentence

2020We held in State v. Mainaaupo, 117 Hawaii 235, 178 P.3d 1 (2008), that the foundational privilege against self- incrimination, commonly referred to as the “right to remain silent,” attaches during post-arrest police interrogation.

12020–2020
Cox v. Cox. green
haw · 2016
1 sentence

2017Id.

12017–2017
State v. Torres green
hawapp · 2010
2 sentences

2013Additionally, the ICA concluded that the State failed to “satisfy the threshold foundational requirement of showing that Agent Robbins was qualified as an expert[.]” Id. at 31 , 222 P.3d at 438 .

2013Additionally, the ICA concluded that the State failed to “satisfy the threshold foundational requirement of showing that Agent Robbins was qualified as an expert[.]” Id. at 31 , 222 P.3d at 438 .

12013–2013
State v. Daniels green
nj · 2004
2 sentences

2010The foundational principle in that framework is that a prosecutor must have reasonable grounds for posing questions during cross-examination that impugn a witness’s credibility.” Id. (internal quotation marks and citation omitted) (emphasis added).

2010The foundational principle in that framework is that a prosecutor must have reasonable grounds for posing questions during cross-examination that impugn a witness's credibility." Id. (internal quotation marks and citation omitted) (emphasis added).

12010–2010
State v. Moore green
haw · 1996
2 sentences

2008The Moore court further acknowledged that this court, three years after the Messamore case was decided, transformed the observation in Messamore “into a foundational requirement for the applicability of the excited utterance exception.” Moore, 82 Hawai'i at 220 , 921 P.2d at 140 (citing Shea v. City & County of Honolulu, 67 Haw. 499 , 692 P.2d 1158 (1985)).

2008The Moore court further acknowledged that this court, three years after the Messamore case was decided, transformed the observation in Messamore "into a foundational requirement for the applicability of the excited utterance. exception." Moore , 82 Hawai`i at 220, 921 P.2d at 140 (citing Shea v. City & County of Honolulu, 67 Haw. 499 , 692 P.2d 1158 (1985)).

12008–2008
State v. Silva green
hawapp · 1995
2 sentences

2007A defendant’s counsel has “the duty to inform a defendant of the existence of certain constitutional rights[,j” inasmuch as “a trial court can justifiably presume, based on a defendant’s conduct or silence, that a defendant is aware of and has waived certain rights.” Tachibana, 79 Hawai'i at 240 , 900 P.2d at 1307 (Nakayama, J., dissenting) (citing State v. Silva, 78 Hawai'i 115 , 890 P.2d 702 (App.1995); State v. Savage, 120 N.J. 594 , 577 A.2d 455 (1990)).

2007A defendant's counsel has "the duty to inform a defendant of the existence of certain constitutional rights[,]" inasmuch as "a trial court can justifiably presume, based on a defendant's conduct or silence, that a defendant is aware of and has waived certain rights." Tachibana , 79 Hawai`i at 240, 900 P.2d at 1307 (Nakayama, J., dissenting) (citing State v. Silva, 78 Hawai`i 115, 890 P.2d 702 (App.1995); State v. Savage, 120 N.J. 594 , 577 A.2d 455 (1990)).

12007–2007
State v. Savage green
nj · 1990
2 sentences

2007A defendant's counsel has "the duty to inform a defendant of the existence of certain constitutional rights[,]" inasmuch as "a trial court can justifiably presume, based on a defendant's conduct or silence, that a defendant is aware of and has waived certain rights." Tachibana , 79 Hawai`i at 240, 900 P.2d at 1307 (Nakayama, J., dissenting) (citing State v. Silva, 78 Hawai`i 115, 890 P.2d 702 (App.1995); State v. Savage, 120 N.J. 594 , 577 A.2d 455 (1990)).

2007A defendant's counsel has "the duty to inform a defendant of the existence of certain constitutional rights[,]" inasmuch as "a trial court can justifiably presume, based on a defendant's conduct or silence, that a defendant is aware of and has waived certain rights." Tachibana , 79 Hawai`i at 240, 900 P.2d at 1307 (Nakayama, J., dissenting) (citing State v. Silva, 78 Hawai`i 115, 890 P.2d 702 (App.1995); State v. Savage, 120 N.J. 594 , 577 A.2d 455 (1990)).

12007–2007
Schmerber v. California green
scotus · 1966
2 sentences

2003The foundational standard, set by the United States Supreme Court in Schmerber v. California, 384 U.S. 757 , 86 S.Ct. 1826 , 16 L.Ed.2d 908 (1966), extends the fourth amendment's protection against unreasonable searches and seizures to invasions of the body for the purpose of extracting blood samples.

2003The foundational standard, set by the United States Supreme Court in Schmerber v. California, 384 U.S. 757 , 86 S.Ct. 1826 , 16 L.Ed.2d 908 (1966), extends the fourth amendment's protection against unreasonable searches and seizures to invasions of the body for the purpose of extracting blood samples.

12003–2003
State v. Shaw green
ariz · 1963
2 sentences

1978The Shaw case also added a degree of flexibility to the foundational rule by providing that if a trial court finds itself satisfied that fairness will be maintained, it has discretion to dispense with the foundational cross-examination requirement when “exceptional circumstances would make it unduly burdensome to require it....” 93 Ariz. at 44 , 378 P.2d at 489 . 15 We are fully satisfied with the soundness of the rule set out in Shaw .

1978The Shaw case also added a degree of flexibility to the foundational rule by providing that if a trial court finds itself satisfied that fairness will be maintained, it has discretion to dispense with the foundational cross-examination requirement when “exceptional circumstances would make it unduly burdensome to require it....” 93 Ariz. at 44 , 378 P.2d at 489 . 15 We are fully satisfied with the soundness of the rule set out in Shaw .

11978–1978

Statutes the citing opinions construe

HI § Haw. Rev. Stat. § 705-500 (3) HI § Haw. Rev. Stat. § 707-701 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 112 (1959–2026) IL 77 (1983–2026) NM 38 (1983–2024) ND 32 (1974–2019) MO 29 (1989–2025) IN 28 (1982–2023) MI 21 (1983–2025) NY 21 (1986–2025) MA 20 (1986–2025) TX 20 (2006–2026) IA 19 (1978–2025) NC 19 (1968–2026) WI 18 (2004–2026) NJ 18 (1987–2026) PA 18 (2008–2025) OH 17 (1985–2025) OR 17 (2001–2025) ID 15 (1986–2024) MN 15 (2003–2026) WA 15 (1991–2025) NE 14 (1966–2025) CO 13 (1990–2025) UT 12 (1978–2026) HI 12 (1978–2021) AZ 11 (1984–2026) FL 10 (2003–2025) GA 9 (1994–2023) DC 9 (1996–2023) MT 8 (1986–2025) OK 7 (1987–2020) MD 7 (1987–2025) DE 7 (2010–2025) ME 6 (1978–2020) KS 6 (1982–2024) KY 6 (2014–2025) VA 6 (1999–2026) TN 5 (2005–2019) CT 5 (1999–2017) RI 5 (2005–2022) WY 3 (1982–2014) MS 3 (2014–2023) SC 3 (1991–2020) WV 3 (1999–2025) AK 3 (1989–2019) AR 2 (2005–2017) AL 2 (1999–2023) VT 2 (1996–2018)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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