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The doctrines Hawaii courts name when they cite: mined from the sentence each citation lives in, keyed on the citing court, counted by distinct opinions. Entry by issue, not by case: pick one to see the cases on each side.
| # | Issue | Most-cited case | Opinions | Courts | Years | Last 5y |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | abuse of discretion standard | Kealoha v. County of Hawaii | 592 | 2 | 1983–2026 | 107 |
| 2 | reasonable possibility error | State v. Nichols | 330 | 2 | 1971–2026 | 59 |
| 3 | plain error | State v. Kelekolio | 322 | 2 | 1923–2026 | 40 |
| 4 | due process clause | In the Interest of Doe | 293 | 2 | 1928–2026 | 57 |
| 5 | collateral order doctrine | Abrams v. Cades, Schutte, Fleming & Wright | 268 | 2 | 1969–2026 | 75 |
| 6 | potentially meritorious defense | State v. Antone | 233 | 2 | 1981–2026 | 39 |
| 7 | Forgay doctrine | Ciesla v. Reddish | 210 | 2 | 1987–2026 | 59 |
| 8 | reasonable doubt standard | State v. Balisbisana | 192 | 2 | 1950–2026 | 31 |
| 9 | affirmative defense | GECC Financial Corp. v. Jaffarian | 176 | 2 | 1911–2026 | 23 |
| 10 | mootness doctrine | Hamilton Ex Rel. Lethem v. Lethem | 173 | 2 | 1987–2026 | 46 |
| 11 | Miranda warning | Miranda v. Arizona | 159 | 2 | 1969–2026 | 38 |
| 12 | points error | Bank of America, N.A. v. Reyes-Toledo. | 157 | 2 | 1989–2026 | 55 |
| 13 | fundamental principle | In Re Water Use Permit Applications | 153 | 2 | 1920–2026 | 12 |
| 14 | hearsay rule | State v. Moore | 140 | 2 | 1927–2026 | 16 |
| 15 | and pacific reporter defendant | Abrams v. Cades, Schutte, Fleming & Wright | 129 | 1 | 2010–2026 | 47 |
| 16 | warrant requirement | State v. Kaluna | 116 | 2 | 1974–2025 | 10 |
| 17 | double jeopardy clause | State v. Rogan | 115 | 2 | 1970–2026 | 14 |
| 18 | contested case hearing | Kaleikini v. Thielen | 112 | 2 | 1984–2026 | 39 |
| 19 | de novo standard | Bumanglag v. Oahu Sugar Co., Ltd. | 104 | 2 | 1980–2026 | 10 |
| 20 | appeal to show error | Bettencourt v. Bettencourt | 94 | 2 | 1984–2026 | 46 |
| 21 | harmless error | State v. Pauline | 92 | 2 | 1974–2026 | 8 |
| 22 | exclusionary rule | State v. Lopez | 89 | 2 | 1931–2025 | 7 |
| 23 | section 641-1(a) appealable final order | Ditto v. McCurdy | 79 | 2 | 2003–2026 | 5 |
| 24 | res judicata doctrine | Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc. v. Wise. | 77 | 2 | 1909–2022 | 2 |
| 25 | promptness of a curative instruction | State v. Rogan | 76 | 2 | 1987–2026 | 9 |
| 26 | confrontation clause | State v. Fields | 72 | 2 | 1969–2026 | 5 |
| 27 | construction standard | State v. Motta | 72 | 2 | 1896–2026 | 8 |
| 28 | public interest exception | Hamilton Ex Rel. Lethem v. Lethem | 66 | 2 | 1998–2026 | 22 |
| 29 | unanimity instruction | State v. Arceo | 63 | 2 | 1996–2026 | 10 |
| 30 | equal protection clause | Baehr v. Lewin | 61 | 2 | 1928–2024 | 2 |
| 31 | sovereign immunity | Sierra Club v. Department of Transportation of the State | 59 | 2 | 1958–2026 | 8 |
| 32 | ineffective assistance of counsel claim | State v. Silva | 56 | 2 | 1989–2026 | 7 |
| 33 | good faith challenge | State v. Heggland | 55 | 2 | 1965–2025 | 5 |
| 34 | mere legal error | Kema v. Gaddis | 53 | 2 | 1972–2023 | 9 |
| 35 | agency hearing | Pele Defense Fund v. Puna Geothermal Venture | 53 | 2 | 1987–2026 | 11 |
| 36 | ICA analysis | State v. Nobriga | 52 | 2 | 1992–2023 | 6 |
| 37 | field sobriety test | State v. Wyatt | 52 | 2 | 1984–2026 | 11 |
| 38 | instruction on every defense | State v. Maelega | 48 | 2 | 1980–2024 | 1 |
| 39 | rational basis test | Baehr v. Lewin | 47 | 2 | 1972–2024 | 6 |
| 40 | public trust doctrine | In Re Water Use Permit Applications | 47 | 2 | 1973–2026 | 12 |
| 41 | crucial inquiry | Life of the Land v. LAND USE COM'N, ETC. | 45 | 2 | 1955–2026 | 5 |
| 42 | showing of a colorable claim | Dan v. State | 45 | 2 | 1987–2026 | 16 |
| 43 | plain language rule | Barker v. Young. | 42 | 2 | 1994–2026 | 8 |
| 44 | justification defense | State v. Crouser | 42 | 2 | 1981–2025 | 4 |
| 45 | finality requirement | Ciesla v. Reddish | 42 | 2 | 1984–2022 | 3 |
| 46 | per se rule | Schmerber v. California | 41 | 2 | 1977–2025 | 2 |
| 47 | law of the case doctrine | Wong v. City and County of Honolulu | 41 | 2 | 1914–2026 | 15 |
| 48 | Fifth Amendment privilege | Malloy v. Hogan | 40 | 2 | 1970–2020 | 0 |
| 49 | section 607-14 purpose of fees | Blair v. Ing | 40 | 2 | 1984–2026 | 10 |
| 50 | decision carries presumption | Sussel v. Civil Service Commission | 39 | 2 | 1984–2024 | 6 |
| 51 | purpose of correcting error | Bush v. Hawaiian Homes Commission | 39 | 2 | 1942–2026 | 6 |
| 52 | section 641-1(b) interlocutory appeal | Greer v. Baker. | 39 | 2 | 1984–2026 | 21 |
| 53 | medical rule | State v. Wyatt | 38 | 2 | 1970–2024 | 13 |
| 54 | judgment document rule | Jenkins v. Cades Schutte Fleming & Wright | 38 | 1 | 2010–2020 | 0 |
| 55 | Intoxilyzer test | State v. Souza | 37 | 2 | 1985–2021 | 3 |
| 56 | jury a specific unanimity instruction | State v. Arceo | 37 | 2 | 1996–2026 | 5 |
| 57 | elementary principle | State v. Yabusaki | 36 | 2 | 1899–2026 | 3 |
| 58 | emed defense | State v. Moore | 36 | 2 | 1995–2026 | 7 |
| 59 | totality of the circumstances test | State v. Ah Loo | 35 | 2 | 1994–2025 | 6 |
| 60 | private attorney general doctrine | In re the Water Use Permit Applications | 35 | 2 | 2001–2026 | 11 |
| 61 | qualified privilege | Towse v. State | 35 | 2 | 1939–2026 | 4 |
| 62 | public policy exception | Inlandboatmen's Union v. Sause Bros., Inc. | 35 | 2 | 1982–2026 | 3 |
| 63 | stare decisis doctrine | Robinson v. Ariyoshi | 34 | 2 | 1913–2025 | 4 |
| 64 | Estencion factors | State v. Estencion | 34 | 2 | 2013–2026 | 6 |
| 65 | section 91-14 appeal an agency decision | Kilakila ‘O Haleakala v. Board of Land and Natural Resources. | 34 | 2 | 1974–2025 | 11 |
| 66 | document requirement | Jenkins v. Cades Schutte Fleming & Wright | 33 | 2 | 1996–2022 | 1 |
| 67 | standing inquiry | Citizens for the Protection of the North Kohala Coastline Ex Rel. Withington v. County of Hawai'i | 32 | 2 | 1970–2026 | 6 |
| 68 | HGN test | State v. Ito | 32 | 2 | 1999–2023 | 3 |
| 69 | collateral estoppel doctrine | Dorrance v. Lee | 31 | 2 | 1975–2022 | 1 |
| 70 | attorney-client privilege | Sapp v. Wong | 31 | 2 | 1980–2026 | 4 |
| 71 | interpretation rule | Cresencia v. Kim | 31 | 2 | 1978–2022 | 1 |
| 72 | merger instruction | State v. Padilla | 31 | 2 | 1906–2026 | 9 |
| 73 | preponderance of the evidence standard | Masaki v. General Motors Corp. | 31 | 2 | 1989–2026 | 7 |
| 74 | udap claim | Lima, Jr. v. Deutsche Bank National Trust Company | 31 | 2 | 2009–2026 | 19 |
| 75 | colloquy requirement | Tachibana v. State | 31 | 2 | 1995–2021 | 3 |
| 76 | self-defense instruction | State v. Auld | 31 | 2 | 1993–2026 | 4 |
| 77 | section 641 appealable final order | Ditto v. McCurdy | 31 | 2 | 2001–2026 | 1 |
| 78 | Hawaii rule | Ookala Sugar Plantation Co. v. Wilson | 30 | 2 | 1980–2026 | 2 |
| 79 | Fourth Amendment violation | Rakas v. Illinois | 30 | 2 | 1978–2024 | 1 |
| 80 | danc plea | State v. Mun Chung Tom | 30 | 2 | 1987–2025 | 4 |
| 81 | Apprendi rule | Apprendi v. New Jersey | 30 | 2 | 2002–2020 | 0 |
| 82 | opportunity for agency hearing | Bush v. Hawaiian Homes Commission | 29 | 2 | 1977–2025 | 7 |
| 83 | righVwrong standard | Amantiad v. Odum | 28 | 2 | 1995–2017 | 0 |
| 84 | parol evidence rule | Midkiff v. Castle & Cooke, Inc. | 28 | 2 | 1962–2025 | 4 |
| 85 | waiver of sovereign immunity | Taylor-Rice v. State | 28 | 2 | 1964–2025 | 5 |
| 86 | lesser included offense instruction | State v. Haanio | 28 | 2 | 1980–2026 | 3 |
| 87 | section 706-606 consecutive terms of imprisonment | State v. Kong. | 27 | 2 | 2001–2026 | 8 |
| 88 | Hawai'i rule | Wong v. Takeuchi | 26 | 2 | 1994–2019 | 0 |
| 89 | first prong test | Doyle v. Oklahoma Bar Ass'n | 26 | 2 | 1981–2024 | 2 |
| 90 | poisonous tree doctrine | State v. Fukusaku | 26 | 2 | 1964–2026 | 8 |
| 91 | second degree violation | State v. Bohannon | 26 | 2 | 1994–2026 | 2 |
| 92 | knowing and voluntary waiver | State v. Murray | 25 | 2 | 1992–2025 | 2 |
| 93 | laches doctrine | Adair v. Hustace | 25 | 2 | 1966–2026 | 7 |
| 94 | essential elements claim | Ralston v. Yim. ICA Opinion, filed 05/31/2012. | 25 | 2 | 1995–2026 | 17 |
| 95 | frivolous claim | Coll v. McCarthy | 25 | 2 | 1991–2025 | 6 |
| 96 | first degree violation | Gomes v. State | 25 | 2 | 1982–2024 | 1 |
| 97 | included offense instruction | State v. Haanio | 24 | 2 | 1995–2022 | 1 |
| 98 | legitimate claim | Sandy Beach Defense Fund v. City Council | 24 | 2 | 1985–2025 | 2 |
| 99 | judicial estoppel doctrine | Roxas v. Marcos | 24 | 2 | 1998–2026 | 1 |
| 100 | overbreadth doctrine | State v. Kaneakua | 24 | 2 | 1977–2020 | 0 |
| 101 | vagueness challenge | State v. Kaneakua | 24 | 2 | 1919–2026 | 1 |
| 102 | Brady violation | State v. Matafeo | 24 | 2 | 1983–2025 | 2 |
| 103 | section 706-606.5 repeat offender sentencing | State v. Auld. | 24 | 2 | 1993–2026 | 1 |
| 104 | section 641-11 appeal | State v. Kealaiki | 24 | 2 | 2003–2019 | 0 |
| 105 | scrutiny standard | City of Boerne v. Flores | 23 | 2 | 1978–2023 | 1 |
| 106 | clear and convincing standard | Masaki v. General Motors Corp. | 23 | 2 | 1992–2025 | 6 |
| 107 | actionable claim | Weinberg v. Mauch | 23 | 2 | 1982–2026 | 7 |
| 108 | burden-shifting analysis | McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green | 23 | 2 | 1996–2025 | 3 |
| 109 | choice of evils defense | State v. Maumalanga | 23 | 2 | 1998–2025 | 3 |
| 110 | voluntariness hearing | State v. Goers | 23 | 2 | 1964–2026 | 10 |
| 111 | bad faith claim | Best Place, Inc. v. Penn America Insurance Co. | 23 | 2 | 1995–2026 | 1 |
| 112 | grounds upon claim | Meindl v. Genesys Pacific Technologies, Inc. | 23 | 2 | 1981–2025 | 3 |
| 113 | collateral consequences exception | Hamilton Ex Rel. Lethem v. Lethem | 23 | 2 | 2008–2026 | 10 |
| 114 | mistake of fact instruction | State v. Stenger | 23 | 2 | 2002–2026 | 3 |
| 115 | Father motion | State v. Kane | 23 | 2 | 1970–2026 | 9 |
| 116 | section 91-14(a) judicial review | Pele Defense Fund v. Puna Geothermal Venture | 23 | 2 | 1994–2026 | 5 |
| 117 | stare decisis without some compelling justification doctrine | State v. Garcia | 22 | 2 | 2001–2025 | 3 |
| 118 | exhaustion doctrine | Kona Old Hawaiian Trails Group Ex Rel. Serrano v. Lyman | 22 | 2 | 1987–2025 | 6 |
| 119 | consent exception | State v. Kearns | 22 | 2 | 1989–2020 | 0 |
| 120 | Barker factors | State v. Lau | 22 | 2 | 1981–2025 | 4 |
| 121 | sound principle | Bowler v. Board of Immigration | 21 | 2 | 1889–2025 | 3 |
| 122 | generally accepted rule | State v. Rodrigues | 21 | 2 | 1920–2020 | 0 |
| 123 | BAC test | State v. Wilson | 21 | 2 | 1996–2025 | 3 |
| 124 | equitable estoppel doctrine | Maria v. Freitas | 21 | 2 | 1942–2021 | 1 |
| 125 | separation of powers doctrine | Pray v. JUDICIAL SELECTION COM'N | 21 | 2 | 1994–2025 | 6 |
| 126 | plain view doctrine | State v. Meyer | 21 | 2 | 1975–2021 | 2 |
| 127 | adverse claim | Maui Land & Pineapple Co. v. Infiesto | 21 | 2 | 1902–2025 | 2 |
| 128 | equivalent rule | Kawamata Farms, Inc. v. United Agri Products | 21 | 2 | 1997–2026 | 3 |
| 129 | parental discipline defense | State v. Crouser | 21 | 2 | 1999–2024 | 1 |
| 130 | the pacific reporter defendant | State v. Gallagher. | 21 | 1 | 2011–2026 | 4 |
| 131 | section 386-85(1) mandated presumption | Korsak v. Hawaii Permanente Medical Group, Inc. | 21 | 2 | 1981–2024 | 1 |
| 132 | commerce clause | Western Live Stock v. Bureau of Revenue | 20 | 2 | 1903–2025 | 1 |
| 133 | newly announced rule | State v. Jess | 20 | 2 | 1971–2026 | 7 |
| 134 | probable cause hearing | Illinois v. Gates | 20 | 2 | 1973–2022 | 2 |
| 135 | wrongful foreclosure claim | Hungate v. Law Office of David B. Rosen | 20 | 2 | 2017–2026 | 14 |
| 136 | circumstances analysis | State v. Kahoonei | 20 | 2 | 1925–2021 | 1 |
| 137 | enforcement claim | Chung v. Animal Clinic, Inc. | 20 | 2 | 1969–2025 | 2 |
| 138 | Mother motion | Long v. Long | 20 | 2 | 2000–2024 | 3 |
| 139 | reliability test | State v. Wallace | 20 | 2 | 1996–2021 | 1 |
| 140 | injury-in-fact test | Sierra Club v. Hawaii Tourism Authority | 20 | 2 | 1996–2025 | 1 |
| 141 | petition without hearing | Dan v. State | 20 | 2 | 1987–2026 | 6 |
| 142 | three-factor test | State v. Kamana'o | 20 | 2 | 1978–2025 | 2 |
| 143 | first point error | State v. Jendrusch | 20 | 2 | 2006–2023 | 2 |
| 144 | section 91-14(a) appealable final order | Lindinha v. Hilo Coast Processing Co. | 20 | 2 | 2004–2025 | 3 |
| 145 | admission of the Intoxilyzer test | State v. Souza | 19 | 2 | 1987–2021 | 1 |
| 146 | fact that a particular instruction | Ciacci v. Woolley | 19 | 2 | 1934–2025 | 1 |
| 147 | knowing and intelligent waiver | Argersinger v. Hamlin | 19 | 2 | 1975–2020 | 0 |
| 148 | circuit court committed plain error | State v. Sawyer | 19 | 2 | 1996–2026 | 7 |
| 149 | base requirement | Housing Finance & Development Corp. v. Castle | 19 | 2 | 1996–2019 | 0 |
| 150 | odd-lot doctrine | Takeshi Tsuchiyama v. Kahului Trucking & Storage, Inc. | 19 | 2 | 1982–2024 | 3 |
Top 150 by distinct citing opinions.