foundational requirement (Utah) · Go Syfert
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foundational requirement in Utah

12 Utah opinions name it 2 courts 1978–2026 3 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Utah courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (7)

CaseFollowedCited
State v. Verdegreen
utah · 2012 · cited in 3 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2016–2020
2 sentences

2020To evaluate them both, it is important to articulate the improbable “rare misfortune.” ¶38 To satisfy the foundational requirement of similarity, the similarity of the past act need not be “as great as that necessary to prove identity under a ‘pattern’ theory,” but it still needs to be significant enough to “suggest a decreased likelihood of coincidence.” Verde, 2012 UT 60, ¶ 58 .

2017First, under materiality, “[t]he issue for which the uncharged misconduct evidence is offered ‘must be in bona fide dispute.’”56 The aim of this foundational requirement is to ensure “a careful evaluation of the true—and predominant—purpose of any evidence proffered under rule 404(b).” 57 ¶ 36 Second, under the similarity requirement, “the similarities between the charged and uncharged incidents must be ‘sufficient to dispel any realistic possibility of independent invention.’”58 This foundational requirement aids in assessing the probative value of a body of prior bad acts evidence. “[T]he mo

13
State v. Relyeagreen
utahctapp · 2012 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
2 sentences

2026See State v. Relyea, 2012 UT App 55, ¶ 29 , 288 P.3d 278 .

2026See State v. Relyea, 2012 UT App 55, ¶ 29 , 288 P.3d 278 .

11
In re K.T.B.green
utah · 2020 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024See, e.g., In re K.T.B., 2020 UT 51, ¶ 32 ; Jones v. Jones, 2015 UT 84, ¶ 26 , 359 P.3d 603 ; Jensen ex rel.

11
State v. Cuttlergreen
utah · 2015 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
1 sentence

2017First, under materiality, “[t]he issue for which the uncharged misconduct evidence is offered ‘must be in bona fide dispute.’”56 The aim of this foundational requirement is to ensure “a careful evaluation of the true—and predominant—purpose of any evidence proffered under rule 404(b).” 57 ¶ 36 Second, under the similarity requirement, “the similarities between the charged and uncharged incidents must be ‘sufficient to dispel any realistic possibility of independent invention.’”58 This foundational requirement aids in assessing the probative value of a body of prior bad acts evidence. “[T]he mo

11
State v. Metgreen
utah · 2016 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017First, under materiality, “[t]he issue for which the uncharged misconduct evidence is offered ‘must be in bona fide dispute.’”56 The aim of this foundational requirement is to ensure “a careful evaluation of the true—and predominant—purpose of any evidence proffered under rule 404(b).” 57 ¶ 36 Second, under the similarity requirement, “the similarities between the charged and uncharged incidents must be ‘sufficient to dispel any realistic possibility of independent invention.’”58 This foundational requirement aids in assessing the probative value of a body of prior bad acts evidence. “[T]he mo

2017First, under materiality, “[t]he issue for which the uncharged misconduct evidence is offered ‘must be in bona fide dispute.’”56 The aim of this foundational requirement is to ensure “a careful evaluation of the true—and predominant—purpose of any evidence proffered under rule 404(b).” 57 ¶ 36 Second, under the similarity requirement, “the similarities between the charged and uncharged incidents must be ‘sufficient to dispel any realistic possibility of independent invention.’”58 This foundational requirement aids in assessing the probative value of a body of prior bad acts evidence. “[T]he mo

11
Roy M. Roberts v. Sgt. George Hollocher Det. Al Napier, Acting With Others Det. Gregory Skinnergreen
ca8 · 1981 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992
1 sentence

1992IPC cites Roberts v. Hollocher, 664 F.2d 200, 204 (8th Cir.1981) for the proposition that medical records, as a general rule, are admissible in a court of law as competent evidence under Rule 803(4) only if a party can satisfy the following two-prong foundational test: “(1) is declarant’s motive in making the statements consistent with' a desire to promote treatment? and (2) is it reasonable for the physician to rely on the information in his diagnosis or treatment?” IPC argues that the residuum rule requires the Commission to make the foregoing factual findings based on a residuum of competen

11
Triplett v. Schwendimangreen
utahctapp · 1988 · cited in 1 Utah opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
1 sentence

1989This is referred to as “bookending.” This court recently rejected the need for “bookending” as a foundational requirement for admission of breath test results. ■ In Triplett v. Schwendiman, 754 P.2d 87, 89 (Utah App.1988), we noted that “bookend-ing” was redundant and expensive.

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Utah. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (10)

CaseCitedYears
State v. Baker green
wash · 1960
1 sentence

2026We agree and hold that a mouth check is a foundational requirement for the admissibility of breath alcohol tests. ¶11 In Utah, the admissibility of a breath alcohol test result is contingent on the satisfaction of three foundational requirements originally derived from State v. Baker, 355 P.2d 806 (Wash. 1960) (en banc).

12026–2026
Tindley v. Salt Lake City School District green
utah · 2005
2 sentences

2024Dist., 2005 UT 30, ¶ 29 , 116 P.3d 295 (cleaned up), corresponding as it does to the foundational principle of popular sovereignty, which is the “very essence” of our republican form of government, The Constitutional Convention: The Body Organizes and Begins Work, DESERET NEWS, July 6, 1887, at 4. ¶209 The appropriate standard of scrutiny for Plaintiffs’ claim that S.B. 200 violates the people’s right to reform their government through a citizen initiative is strict scrutiny.41 We have held that statutes infringing fundamental rights are subject to this level of review.

2024Dist., 2005 UT 30, ¶ 29 , 116 P.3d 295 (cleaned up), corresponding as it does to the foundational principle of popular sovereignty, which is the “very essence” of our republican form of government, The Constitutional Convention: The Body Organizes and Begins Work, DESERET NEWS, July 6, 1887, at 4. ¶209 The appropriate standard of scrutiny for Plaintiffs’ claim that S.B. 200 violates the people’s right to reform their government through a citizen initiative is strict scrutiny.41 We have held that statutes infringing fundamental rights are subject to this level of review.

12024–2024
Jones v. Jones green
utah · 2015
2 sentences

2024See, e.g., In re K.T.B., 2020 UT 51, ¶ 32 ; Jones v. Jones, 2015 UT 84, ¶ 26 , 359 P.3d 603 ; Jensen ex rel.

2024See, e.g., In re K.T.B., 2020 UT 51, ¶ 32 ; Jones v. Jones, 2015 UT 84, ¶ 26 , 359 P.3d 603 ; Jensen ex rel.

12024–2024
State v. Thornton green
utah · 2017
1 sentence

2021To pick up on a theme we started in Thornton, see 2017 UT 9 , ¶ 54 & n.6, and continued in Argueta, a careful trial judge who wants her doctrine of chances ruling to be upheld on appeal will greatly increase the odds of affirmation if she carefully defines what the rare misfortune at issue is. 19 STATE v. RICHINS Opinion of the Court 2.

12021–2021
State v. Richins green
utah · 2021
1 sentence

2021Instead, we instruct courts applying the doctrine of chances to carefully define the rare occurrence, assiduously evaluate whether the foundational factors have been satisfied, conduct a rule 403 analysis that focuses on the unique unfair prejudice that can flow from the admission of prior-acts evidence, and explain their reasoning in a transparent manner. ¶96 Because the State failed to establish the relevant baseline frequency, the district court erred when it admitted the other-acts 28 Cite as: 2021 UT 50 Opinion of the Court evidence under the doctrine of chances.

12021–2021
Dunn v. United States green
scotus · 1932
1 sentence

2020In Dunn v. United States, the defendant was convicted of ―maintaining a common nuisance by keeping for sale at a specified place intoxicating liquor,‖ but was acquitted of possessing or selling such liquor. 284 U.S. 390 , 391–92 (1932).

12020–2020
State v. Lowther green
utah · 2017
1 sentence

2017First, under materiality, “[t]he issue for which the uncharged misconduct evidence is offered ‘must be in bona fide dispute.’”56 The aim of this foundational requirement is to ensure “a careful evaluation of the true—and predominant—purpose of any evidence proffered under rule 404(b).” 57 ¶ 36 Second, under the similarity requirement, “the similarities between the charged and uncharged incidents must be ‘sufficient to dispel any realistic possibility of independent invention.’”58 This foundational requirement aids in assessing the probative value of a body of prior bad acts evidence. “[T]he mo

12017–2017
State v. Vialpando green
utahctapp · 2004
2 sentences

2012In the alternative, the State contends that the trial court erred in excluding the test results because the fifteen‐minute observation period required by State v. Vialpando, 2004 UT App 95 , 89 P.3d 209 , should no longer be required due to changes in equipment and technology.

2012In the alternative, the State contends that the trial court erred in excluding the test results because the fifteen‐minute observation period required by State v. Vialpando, 2004 UT App 95 , 89 P.3d 209 , should no longer be required due to changes in equipment and technology.

12012–2012
Moore v. American Coal Co. green
utah · 1987
2 sentences

2004Moore, 737 P.2d at 990 .

2004Moore, 737 P.2d at 990 .

12004–2004
Wood v. Budge green
utah · 1962
1 sentence

1978Wood v. Budge, 13 Utah 2d 359 , 374 P.2d 515 . .

11978–1978

Where else courts name it

CA 112 (1959–2026) IL 77 (1983–2026) NM 38 (1983–2024) ND 32 (1974–2019) MO 29 (1989–2025) IN 28 (1982–2023) MI 21 (1983–2025) NY 21 (1986–2025) MA 20 (1986–2025) TX 20 (2006–2026) IA 19 (1978–2025) NC 19 (1968–2026) WI 18 (2004–2026) NJ 18 (1987–2026) PA 18 (2008–2025) OH 17 (1985–2025) OR 17 (2001–2025) ID 15 (1986–2024) MN 15 (2003–2026) WA 15 (1991–2025) NE 14 (1966–2025) CO 13 (1990–2025) UT 12 (1978–2026) HI 12 (1978–2021) AZ 11 (1984–2026) FL 10 (2003–2025) GA 9 (1994–2023) DC 9 (1996–2023) MT 8 (1986–2025) OK 7 (1987–2020) MD 7 (1987–2025) DE 7 (2010–2025) ME 6 (1978–2020) KS 6 (1982–2024) KY 6 (2014–2025) VA 6 (1999–2026) TN 5 (2005–2019) CT 5 (1999–2017) RI 5 (2005–2022) WY 3 (1982–2014) MS 3 (2014–2023) SC 3 (1991–2020) WV 3 (1999–2025) AK 3 (1989–2019) AR 2 (2005–2017) AL 2 (1999–2023) VT 2 (1996–2018)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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