construction principle in Virginia

10 Virginia opinions name it 3 courts 1835–2017 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Virginia courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (6)

Case	Followed	Cited
Verizon Online LLC v. Horbalgreen va · 2017 · cited in 1 Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017 2 sentences 2017See Verizon Online LLC v. Horbal , 293 Va. 176 , 182, 796 S.E.2d 409 , 412 (2017) (As "[t]he Department of Taxation and the Tax Commissioner administer and enforce the Commonwealth's tax laws, ... a court will afford great weight to their interpretation when the statute's meaning is doubtful."). 2017See Verizon Online LLC v. Horbal , 293 Va. 176 , 182, 796 S.E.2d 409 , 412 (2017) (As "[t]he Department of Taxation and the Tax Commissioner administer and enforce the Commonwealth's tax laws, ... a court will afford great weight to their interpretation when the statute's meaning is doubtful.").	1	1
Barris v. Keswick Homes, LLCgreen va · 2004 · cited in 1 Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016 2 sentences 2016See, e.g., Barris, 268 Va. at 69 -71 , 597 S.E.2d at 55 -57 ; Anderson, 253 Va. at 267 -70 , 483 S.E.2d at 210 -12 ; Woodward, 252 Va. at 136 -38 , 475 S.E.2d at 809 -10 ; Forbes, 226 Va. at 393 -401 , 310 S.E.2d at 459 -63 ; Foley, 223 Va. at 22 -26 , 286 S.E.2d at 187 -90 ; Friedberg, 218 Va. at 660 -65 , 239 S.E.2d at 107 -10 ; Schwarzschild, 186 Va. at 1053 -58 , 45 S.E.2d at 152-55 ; Stevenson, 132 Va. at 117 -20 , 110 S.E. at 367 -68 . 2016See, e.g., Barris, 268 Va. at 69 -71 , 597 S.E.2d at 55 -57 ; Anderson, 253 Va. at 267 -70 , 483 S.E.2d at 210 -12 ; Woodward, 252 Va. at 136 -38 , 475 S.E.2d at 809 -10 ; Forbes, 226 Va. at 393 -401 , 310 S.E.2d at 459 -63 ; Foley, 223 Va. at 22 -26 , 286 S.E.2d at 187 -90 ; Friedberg, 218 Va. at 660 -65 , 239 S.E.2d at 107 -10 ; Schwarzschild, 186 Va. at 1053 -58 , 45 S.E.2d at 152-55 ; Stevenson, 132 Va. at 117 -20 , 110 S.E. at 367 -68 .	1	1
Smoot v. Commonwealthgreen vactapp · 2002 · cited in 1 Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007 2 sentences 2007This construction was error. “‘[W]hen construing a lower court’s order, a reviewing court should give deference to the interpretation adopted by the lower court.’” Smoot v. Commonwealth, 37 Va. App. 495, 500 , 559 S.E.2d 409, 411 (2002) (quoting Fredericksburg Construction v. J. 2007This construction was error. “‘[W]hen construing a lower court’s order, a reviewing court should give deference to the interpretation adopted by the lower court.’” Smoot v. Commonwealth, 37 Va. App. 495, 500 , 559 S.E.2d 409, 411 (2002) (quoting Fredericksburg Construction v. J.	1	1
Carolina Builders Corp. v. Cenit Equity Co.green va · 1999 · cited in 1 Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006 2 sentences 2006See Carolina Builders Corp., 257 Va. at 410 , 512 S.E.2d at 552 ; American Standard Homes Corp., 245 Va. at 119 , 425 S.E.2d at 518 . 2006See Carolina Builders Corp., 257 Va. at 410 , 512 S.E.2d at 552 ; American Standard Homes Corp., 245 Va. at 119 , 425 S.E.2d at 518 .	1	1
Clark v. Butler Aviation - Washington National, Inc.green va · 1989 · cited in 1 Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003 2 sentences 2003When a statute and a rule of this Court address the same or a related subject matter, the proper construction of the rule “avoids any conflict between rule and statute and permits the two to work alongside each other in ... a harmonious manner.” Clark v. Butler Aviation, 238 Va. 506, 512 , 385 S.E.2d 847, 850 (1989). 2003When a statute and a rule of this Court address the same or a related subject matter, the proper construction of the rule “avoids any conflict between rule and statute and permits the two to work alongside each other in ... a harmonious manner.” Clark v. Butler Aviation, 238 Va. 506, 512 , 385 S.E.2d 847, 850 (1989).	1	1
Golden Skillet Corp. v. Commonwealthgreen va · 1973 · cited in 1 Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999 2 sentences 1999Stated alternately, if the properties do not qualify for this exemption under the rule of liberal construction, they necessarily would not qualify under the rule of strict construction, that is, where taxation is the rule and exemption the exception, because under that rule, “where there is any doubt, the doubt is resolved against the one claiming exemption.” Golden Skillet Corp. v. Commonwealth, 214 Va. 276, 278 , 199 S.E.2d 511, 513 (1973). 1999Stated alternately, if the properties do not qualify for this exemption under the rule of liberal construction, they necessarily would not qualify under the rule of strict construction, that is, where taxation is the rule and exemption the exception, because under that rule, “where there is any doubt, the doubt is resolved against the one claiming exemption.” Golden Skillet Corp. v. Commonwealth, 214 Va. 276, 278 , 199 S.E.2d 511, 513 (1973).	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Virginia. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (13)

Case	Cited	Years
Friedberg v. Riverpoint Building Committee green va · 1977 2 sentences 2016See, e.g., Barris, 268 Va. at 69 -71 , 597 S.E.2d at 55 -57 ; Anderson, 253 Va. at 267 -70 , 483 S.E.2d at 210 -12 ; Woodward, 252 Va. at 136 -38 , 475 S.E.2d at 809 -10 ; Forbes, 226 Va. at 393 -401 , 310 S.E.2d at 459 -63 ; Foley, 223 Va. at 22 -26 , 286 S.E.2d at 187 -90 ; Friedberg, 218 Va. at 660 -65 , 239 S.E.2d at 107 -10 ; Schwarzschild, 186 Va. at 1053 -58 , 45 S.E.2d at 152-55 ; Stevenson, 132 Va. at 117 -20 , 110 S.E. at 367 -68 . 2016See, e.g., Barris, 268 Va. at 69 -71 , 597 S.E.2d at 55 -57 ; Anderson, 253 Va. at 267 -70 , 483 S.E.2d at 210 -12 ; Woodward, 252 Va. at 136 -38 , 475 S.E.2d at 809 -10 ; Forbes, 226 Va. at 393 -401 , 310 S.E.2d at 459 -63 ; Foley, 223 Va. at 22 -26 , 286 S.E.2d at 187 -90 ; Friedberg, 218 Va. at 660 -65 , 239 S.E.2d at 107 -10 ; Schwarzschild, 186 Va. at 1053 -58 , 45 S.E.2d at 152-55 ; Stevenson, 132 Va. at 117 -20 , 110 S.E. at 367 -68 .	1	2016–2016
Forbes v. Schaefer green va · 1983 2 sentences 2016See, e.g., Barris, 268 Va. at 69 -71 , 597 S.E.2d at 55 -57 ; Anderson, 253 Va. at 267 -70 , 483 S.E.2d at 210 -12 ; Woodward, 252 Va. at 136 -38 , 475 S.E.2d at 809 -10 ; Forbes, 226 Va. at 393 -401 , 310 S.E.2d at 459 -63 ; Foley, 223 Va. at 22 -26 , 286 S.E.2d at 187 -90 ; Friedberg, 218 Va. at 660 -65 , 239 S.E.2d at 107 -10 ; Schwarzschild, 186 Va. at 1053 -58 , 45 S.E.2d at 152-55 ; Stevenson, 132 Va. at 117 -20 , 110 S.E. at 367 -68 . 2016See, e.g., Barris, 268 Va. at 69 -71 , 597 S.E.2d at 55 -57 ; Anderson, 253 Va. at 267 -70 , 483 S.E.2d at 210 -12 ; Woodward, 252 Va. at 136 -38 , 475 S.E.2d at 809 -10 ; Forbes, 226 Va. at 393 -401 , 310 S.E.2d at 459 -63 ; Foley, 223 Va. at 22 -26 , 286 S.E.2d at 187 -90 ; Friedberg, 218 Va. at 660 -65 , 239 S.E.2d at 107 -10 ; Schwarzschild, 186 Va. at 1053 -58 , 45 S.E.2d at 152-55 ; Stevenson, 132 Va. at 117 -20 , 110 S.E. at 367 -68 .	1	2016–2016
Foley v. Harris green va · 1982 2 sentences 2016See, e.g., Barris, 268 Va. at 69 -71 , 597 S.E.2d at 55 -57 ; Anderson, 253 Va. at 267 -70 , 483 S.E.2d at 210 -12 ; Woodward, 252 Va. at 136 -38 , 475 S.E.2d at 809 -10 ; Forbes, 226 Va. at 393 -401 , 310 S.E.2d at 459 -63 ; Foley, 223 Va. at 22 -26 , 286 S.E.2d at 187 -90 ; Friedberg, 218 Va. at 660 -65 , 239 S.E.2d at 107 -10 ; Schwarzschild, 186 Va. at 1053 -58 , 45 S.E.2d at 152-55 ; Stevenson, 132 Va. at 117 -20 , 110 S.E. at 367 -68 . 2016See, e.g., Barris, 268 Va. at 69 -71 , 597 S.E.2d at 55 -57 ; Anderson, 253 Va. at 267 -70 , 483 S.E.2d at 210 -12 ; Woodward, 252 Va. at 136 -38 , 475 S.E.2d at 809 -10 ; Forbes, 226 Va. at 393 -401 , 310 S.E.2d at 459 -63 ; Foley, 223 Va. at 22 -26 , 286 S.E.2d at 187 -90 ; Friedberg, 218 Va. at 660 -65 , 239 S.E.2d at 107 -10 ; Schwarzschild, 186 Va. at 1053 -58 , 45 S.E.2d at 152-55 ; Stevenson, 132 Va. at 117 -20 , 110 S.E. at 367 -68 .	1	2016–2016
Stevenson v. Spivey green va · 1922 2 sentences 2016See, e.g., Barris, 268 Va. at 69 -71 , 597 S.E.2d at 55 -57 ; Anderson, 253 Va. at 267 -70 , 483 S.E.2d at 210 -12 ; Woodward, 252 Va. at 136 -38 , 475 S.E.2d at 809 -10 ; Forbes, 226 Va. at 393 -401 , 310 S.E.2d at 459 -63 ; Foley, 223 Va. at 22 -26 , 286 S.E.2d at 187 -90 ; Friedberg, 218 Va. at 660 -65 , 239 S.E.2d at 107 -10 ; Schwarzschild, 186 Va. at 1053 -58 , 45 S.E.2d at 152-55 ; Stevenson, 132 Va. at 117 -20 , 110 S.E. at 367 -68 . 2016See, e.g., Barris, 268 Va. at 69 -71 , 597 S.E.2d at 55 -57 ; Anderson, 253 Va. at 267 -70 , 483 S.E.2d at 210 -12 ; Woodward, 252 Va. at 136 -38 , 475 S.E.2d at 809 -10 ; Forbes, 226 Va. at 393 -401 , 310 S.E.2d at 459 -63 ; Foley, 223 Va. at 22 -26 , 286 S.E.2d at 187 -90 ; Friedberg, 218 Va. at 660 -65 , 239 S.E.2d at 107 -10 ; Schwarzschild, 186 Va. at 1053 -58 , 45 S.E.2d at 152-55 ; Stevenson, 132 Va. at 117 -20 , 110 S.E. at 367 -68 .	1	2016–2016
Schwarzschild v. Welborne green va · 1947 2 sentences 2016See, e.g., Barris, 268 Va. at 69 -71 , 597 S.E.2d at 55 -57 ; Anderson, 253 Va. at 267 -70 , 483 S.E.2d at 210 -12 ; Woodward, 252 Va. at 136 -38 , 475 S.E.2d at 809 -10 ; Forbes, 226 Va. at 393 -401 , 310 S.E.2d at 459 -63 ; Foley, 223 Va. at 22 -26 , 286 S.E.2d at 187 -90 ; Friedberg, 218 Va. at 660 -65 , 239 S.E.2d at 107 -10 ; Schwarzschild, 186 Va. at 1053 -58 , 45 S.E.2d at 152-55 ; Stevenson, 132 Va. at 117 -20 , 110 S.E. at 367 -68 . 2016See, e.g., Barris, 268 Va. at 69 -71 , 597 S.E.2d at 55 -57 ; Anderson, 253 Va. at 267 -70 , 483 S.E.2d at 210 -12 ; Woodward, 252 Va. at 136 -38 , 475 S.E.2d at 809 -10 ; Forbes, 226 Va. at 393 -401 , 310 S.E.2d at 459 -63 ; Foley, 223 Va. at 22 -26 , 286 S.E.2d at 187 -90 ; Friedberg, 218 Va. at 660 -65 , 239 S.E.2d at 107 -10 ; Schwarzschild, 186 Va. at 1053 -58 , 45 S.E.2d at 152-55 ; Stevenson, 132 Va. at 117 -20 , 110 S.E. at 367 -68 .	1	2016–2016
Anderson v. Lake Arrowhead Civic Ass'n green va · 1997 2 sentences 2016See, e.g., Barris, 268 Va. at 69 -71 , 597 S.E.2d at 55 -57 ; Anderson, 253 Va. at 267 -70 , 483 S.E.2d at 210 -12 ; Woodward, 252 Va. at 136 -38 , 475 S.E.2d at 809 -10 ; Forbes, 226 Va. at 393 -401 , 310 S.E.2d at 459 -63 ; Foley, 223 Va. at 22 -26 , 286 S.E.2d at 187 -90 ; Friedberg, 218 Va. at 660 -65 , 239 S.E.2d at 107 -10 ; Schwarzschild, 186 Va. at 1053 -58 , 45 S.E.2d at 152-55 ; Stevenson, 132 Va. at 117 -20 , 110 S.E. at 367 -68 . 2016See, e.g., Barris, 268 Va. at 69 -71 , 597 S.E.2d at 55 -57 ; Anderson, 253 Va. at 267 -70 , 483 S.E.2d at 210 -12 ; Woodward, 252 Va. at 136 -38 , 475 S.E.2d at 809 -10 ; Forbes, 226 Va. at 393 -401 , 310 S.E.2d at 459 -63 ; Foley, 223 Va. at 22 -26 , 286 S.E.2d at 187 -90 ; Friedberg, 218 Va. at 660 -65 , 239 S.E.2d at 107 -10 ; Schwarzschild, 186 Va. at 1053 -58 , 45 S.E.2d at 152-55 ; Stevenson, 132 Va. at 117 -20 , 110 S.E. at 367 -68 .	1	2016–2016
Woodward v. Morgan green va · 1996 2 sentences 2016See, e.g., Barris, 268 Va. at 69 -71 , 597 S.E.2d at 55 -57 ; Anderson, 253 Va. at 267 -70 , 483 S.E.2d at 210 -12 ; Woodward, 252 Va. at 136 -38 , 475 S.E.2d at 809 -10 ; Forbes, 226 Va. at 393 -401 , 310 S.E.2d at 459 -63 ; Foley, 223 Va. at 22 -26 , 286 S.E.2d at 187 -90 ; Friedberg, 218 Va. at 660 -65 , 239 S.E.2d at 107 -10 ; Schwarzschild, 186 Va. at 1053 -58 , 45 S.E.2d at 152-55 ; Stevenson, 132 Va. at 117 -20 , 110 S.E. at 367 -68 . 2016See, e.g., Barris, 268 Va. at 69 -71 , 597 S.E.2d at 55 -57 ; Anderson, 253 Va. at 267 -70 , 483 S.E.2d at 210 -12 ; Woodward, 252 Va. at 136 -38 , 475 S.E.2d at 809 -10 ; Forbes, 226 Va. at 393 -401 , 310 S.E.2d at 459 -63 ; Foley, 223 Va. at 22 -26 , 286 S.E.2d at 187 -90 ; Friedberg, 218 Va. at 660 -65 , 239 S.E.2d at 107 -10 ; Schwarzschild, 186 Va. at 1053 -58 , 45 S.E.2d at 152-55 ; Stevenson, 132 Va. at 117 -20 , 110 S.E. at 367 -68 .	1	2016–2016
Federal Deposit Insurance v. Marine Midland Realty Credit Corp. green vaed · 1991 1 sentence 2010Advisory Committee Note of 2008 to Fed.R.Evid. 502. [4] See, e.g., New Bank of New England, 138 F.R.D. at 481 , noting that the Wigmore approach held that the privilege should be treated as destroyed by any disclosure under a narrow construction of the privilege that emphasizes that confidentiality is an exception to the general duty to disclose. [5] See, e.g., the recent amendment to the Part Four Rules of Court adding Rule 4:1(b)(6)(ii), setting up a notice procedure available when "a party believes that a document or electronically stored information that has already been produced is privil	1	2010–2010
Citro Florida, Inc., a Florida Corporation v. Citrovale, S.A., a Foreign Corporation green ca11 · 1985 1 sentence 2007The language in the present case is very similar to the language in Hunt Wesson and “mandates nothing more than that the [Tennessee] courts have jurisdiction.” Hunt Wesson Foods, Inc. For an interesting, and succinct, dissent on whether the construction rule of ambiguities construed against drafter applied, see Citro Florida, Inc. v. Citrovale, S.A., 760 F.2d 1231 (1985), where the purported forum selection clause, in its entirety, was “Place of jurisdiction is Sao Paulo, Brazil” and the dissent stated “Place is singular.	1	2007–2007
American Standard Homes Corp. v. Reinecke green va · 1993 2 sentences 2006See Carolina Builders Corp., 257 Va. at 410 , 512 S.E.2d at 552 ; American Standard Homes Corp., 245 Va. at 119 , 425 S.E.2d at 518 . 2006See Carolina Builders Corp., 257 Va. at 410 , 512 S.E.2d at 552 ; American Standard Homes Corp., 245 Va. at 119 , 425 S.E.2d at 518 .	1	2006–2006
Commonwealth v. Lynchburg Young Men's Christian Ass'n green va · 1914 1 sentence 1999The distinction between these rules of construction is found in Commonwealth v. *154 Lynchburg Y.M.C.A., 115 Va. 745 , 80 S.E 589 (1914).	1	1999–1999
Bloomfield & Rochester Natural Gas Light Co. v. Richardson neutral nysupct · 1872 1 sentence 1913J., in Talbot v. Hudson, 16 Gray 417 , says: “In a broad and comprehensive view, such as has heretofore been taken of the construction of this clause of the declaration of rights (private property shall not be taken for public use without due compensation), everything which tends to enlarge the resources, increase the industrial energies, and promote the productive power of any considerable number of the inhabitants of a section of the State, or which leads to the growth of towns and the creation of new sources for the employment of private capital and labor, indirectly contributes to the gene	1	1913–1913
Phelps v. Holker green scotus · 1788 1 sentence 1835Phelps v. Holker, 1 Dall. 261 .	1	1835–1835

Where else courts name it

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Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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