consequences violation (Ohio) · Go Syfert
← Ohio issues

consequences violation in Ohio

67 Ohio opinions name it 2 courts 1990–2026 12 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Ohio courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (12)

CaseFollowedCited
Faretta v. Californiagreen
scotus · 1975 · cited in 18 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2004–2026
2 sentences

2026Without this information, it was impossible for McCrary to assess the decision to forego counsel “with eyes open.” See Faretta, 422 U.S. at 835 . {¶46} What is more, the trial court also failed to ensure that McCrary adequately understood the consequences of his waiver.

2025The right to defend is given directly to the accused; for it is he who suffers the consequences if the defense fails.” (Footnote omitted.) Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806, 819-820 (1975).

618
State v. Harper (Slip Opinion)green
ohio · 2020 · cited in 5 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2020–2023
2 sentences

2023The Court has “reject[ed] the notion that the failure to incorporate a notice of the consequences of a violation of postrelease control in the sentencing entry as required by Grimes renders the sentence void to the extent that it does not properly impose postrelease control.” State v. Harper, 160 Ohio St.3d 480 , 2020-Ohio-2913 , ¶ 6.

2023The Court has “reject[ed] the notion that the failure to incorporate a notice of the consequences of a violation of postrelease control in the sentencing entry as required by Grimes renders the sentence void to the extent that it does not properly impose postrelease control.” State v. Harper, 160 Ohio St.3d 480 , 2020-Ohio-2913 , ¶ 6.

25
State v. Singletonred
ohio · 2009 · cited in 2 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2014–2016
2 sentences

2016Id. at ¶ 21 (nunc pro tunc entry can be used to reflect what actually took place where notification was properly given at sentencing hearing), comparing State v. Singleton, 124 Ohio St.3d 173 , 2009–Ohio–6434, 920 N.E.2d 958, ¶ 4 (where the court failed to notify of the consequences of a postrelease control violation at sentencing hearing).

2016Id. at ¶ 21 (nunc pro tunc entry can be used to reflect what actually took place where notification was properly given at sentencing hearing), comparing State v. Singleton, 124 Ohio St.3d 173 , 2009–Ohio–6434, 920 N.E.2d 958, ¶ 4 (where the court failed to notify of the consequences of a postrelease control violation at sentencing hearing).

22
State v. Gibsongreen
ohio · 1976 · cited in 9 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2004–2025
2 sentences

2023The right to defend is given directly to the accused; for it is he who suffers the consequences if the defense fails. {¶57} “[T]he Sixth Amendment ‘guarantees that a defendant in a state criminal trial has an independent constitutional right of self-representation and that he may proceed to defend himself without counsel when he voluntarily, and knowingly and intelligently elects to do so.’” Obermiller at ¶ 28, quoting State v. Gibson, 45 Ohio St.2d 366 , 345 N.E.2d 399 (1976), paragraph one of the syllabus, citing Faretta.

2023The right to defend is given directly to the accused; for it is he who suffers the consequences if the defense fails. {¶57} “[T]he Sixth Amendment ‘guarantees that a defendant in a state criminal trial has an independent constitutional right of self-representation and that he may proceed to defend himself without counsel when he voluntarily, and knowingly and intelligently elects to do so.’” Obermiller at ¶ 28, quoting State v. Gibson, 45 Ohio St.2d 366 , 345 N.E.2d 399 (1976), paragraph one of the syllabus, citing Faretta.

19
State v. Quallsgreen
ohio · 2012 · cited in 8 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2014–2024
2 sentences

2024The state concedes error in this assignment. {¶10} “A trial court must provide proper advice to a defendant regarding postrelease control at the time of sentencing, including notifying the defendant of the details of the postrelease control and the consequences of violation.” State v. Baird, 2016-Ohio-8211 , ¶ 9 (7th Dist.), citing State v. Qualls, 2012-Ohio-1111, ¶ 18 .

2016See State v. Qualls, 131 Ohio St.3d 499 , 2012-Ohio-1111, ¶ 18 (a trial court must inform the defendant at sentencing of the details of his postrelease control and the consequences of a violation of postrelease control); and State v. Perry, 12th Dist.

18
State v. Hudson (Slip Opinion)green
ohio · 2020 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
2 sentences

2023See, also, State v. Hudson, 161 Ohio St.3d 166 , 2020-Ohio-3849 .

2023See, also, State v. Hudson, 161 Ohio St.3d 166 , 2020-Ohio-3849 .

11
Smith v. Fleshergreen
ohio · 1967 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022Kline v. Carroll, 96 Ohio St.3d 404 , 2002-Ohio-4849 , 775 N.E.2d 517, ¶ 27 (“Under [the invited-error] doctrine, a party is not entitled to take advantage of an error that he himself invited or induced the court to make”); Smith v. Flesher, 12 Ohio St.2d 107, 110 , 233 N.E.2d 137 (1967) (“It is an elementary proposition of law that an appellant, in order to secure reversal of a judgment against him, must not only show some error but must also show that that error was prejudicial to him”). {¶68} Mr. Ames next contends that the trial court’s injunction does not comply with R.C. 121.22(I)(1) bec

2022Kline v. Carroll, 96 Ohio St.3d 404 , 2002-Ohio-4849 , 775 N.E.2d 517, ¶ 27 (“Under [the invited-error] doctrine, a party is not entitled to take advantage of an error that he himself invited or induced the court to make”); Smith v. Flesher, 12 Ohio St.2d 107, 110 , 233 N.E.2d 137 (1967) (“It is an elementary proposition of law that an appellant, in order to secure reversal of a judgment against him, must not only show some error but must also show that that error was prejudicial to him”). {¶68} Mr. Ames next contends that the trial court’s injunction does not comply with R.C. 121.22(I)(1) bec

11
State ex rel. Kline v. Carrollgreen
ohio · 2002 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022Kline v. Carroll, 96 Ohio St.3d 404 , 2002-Ohio-4849 , 775 N.E.2d 517, ¶ 27 (“Under [the invited-error] doctrine, a party is not entitled to take advantage of an error that he himself invited or induced the court to make”); Smith v. Flesher, 12 Ohio St.2d 107, 110 , 233 N.E.2d 137 (1967) (“It is an elementary proposition of law that an appellant, in order to secure reversal of a judgment against him, must not only show some error but must also show that that error was prejudicial to him”). {¶68} Mr. Ames next contends that the trial court’s injunction does not comply with R.C. 121.22(I)(1) bec

2022Kline v. Carroll, 96 Ohio St.3d 404 , 2002-Ohio-4849 , 775 N.E.2d 517, ¶ 27 (“Under [the invited-error] doctrine, a party is not entitled to take advantage of an error that he himself invited or induced the court to make”); Smith v. Flesher, 12 Ohio St.2d 107, 110 , 233 N.E.2d 137 (1967) (“It is an elementary proposition of law that an appellant, in order to secure reversal of a judgment against him, must not only show some error but must also show that that error was prejudicial to him”). {¶68} Mr. Ames next contends that the trial court’s injunction does not comply with R.C. 121.22(I)(1) bec

11
State v. Maygreen
ohioctapp · 2011 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
11
State v. Rembertgreen
ohioctapp · 2011 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
11
State v. Smith, Unpublished Decision (4-3-2006)green
ohioctapp · 2006 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
State v. Lambgreen
ohioctapp · 2004 · cited in 1 Ohio opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Ohio. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (40)

CaseCitedYears
State v. Grimes (Slip Opinion) green
ohio · 2017
2 sentences

2021In such circumstances, that is, "any error * * * in failing to properly impose postrelease control rendered the judgment of conviction voidable, not void, and it is not subject to collateral attack." Id. at ¶ 5 (adding: "Therefore, to the extent any prior case conflicts with our holding today, it is overruled"). {¶ 24} Although the sentencing court in Harper had failed to "include the consequences of a violation of postrelease control in the sentencing entry itself"—thus violating one of the three Grimes requirements for the "valid[]" imposition of postrelease control, 2017-Ohio-2927 , at ¶ 1—

2020Nos. 19AP-168 and 19AP-169 4 {¶ 13} Subsequent to the time for filing briefs in this case, the Supreme Court rendered its decision in State v. Harper, ___ Ohio St.3d ___, 2020-Ohio-2913 , in which the court revisited its prior line of cases addressing the issue whether the failure to properly impose post-release control in the sentence renders that portion of a defendant's sentence void or voidable.1 In Harper, the Supreme Court accepted a discretionary appeal from this court seeking clarification as to whether the Supreme Court's decision in State v. Grimes, 151 Ohio St.3d 19 , 2017-Ohio-2927

42020–2021
Woods v. Telb green
ohio · 2000
2 sentences

2004Upon review of the record, appellant's contention is well taken. {¶ 4} In Woods v. Telb, 89 Ohio St.3d 504 , 2000-Ohio-171 , 733 N.E.2d 1103 , paragraph two of the syllabus, the trial court, pursuant to R.C. 2967.28 (B) and (C), "must inform the defendant at sentencing or at the time of a plea hearing that post-release control is part of the defendant's sentence." R.C. 2929.19 (B)(3)(e) provides that if a period of post-release control is imposed following the offender's release from prison, the court must, at the sentencing hearing, notify the offender of the consequences of a violation of th

2004Upon review of the record, appellant's contention is well taken. {¶ 4} In Woods v. Telb, 89 Ohio St.3d 504 , 2000-Ohio-171 , 733 N.E.2d 1103 , paragraph two of the syllabus, the trial court, pursuant to R.C. 2967.28 (B) and (C), "must inform the defendant at sentencing or at the time of a plea hearing that post-release control is part of the defendant's sentence." R.C. 2929.19 (B)(3)(e) provides that if a period of post-release control is imposed following the offender's release from prison, the court must, at the sentencing hearing, notify the offender of the consequences of a violation of th

42003–2017
State v. Jordan green
ohio · 2004
2 sentences

2017The majority writes: “A sentencing entry’s silence on postrelease control, however, is impermissible because it is the sentencing entry that ‘empowers the executive branch of government to exercise its discretion.’ ” Majority opinion at ¶ 15, quoting State v. Jordan, 104 Ohio St.3d 21 , 2004-Ohio-6085 , 817 N.E.2d 864 , ¶ 22, citing Woods v. Telb, 890 Ohio St.3d 504 , 512-513, 733 N.E.2d 1103 (2000) (plurality opinion). {¶ 47} The notion that despite the plain terms of the statutory scheme, a trial court must incorporate postrelease-control language into its journal entry is apparently premise

2016State v. Qualls, 131 Ohio St.3d 499 , 2012-Ohio-1111 , 967 N.E.2d 718 ; State v. Jordan, 104 Ohio St.3d 21 , 2004-Ohio-6085 , 817 N.E.2d 864 , paragraph one of the syllabus.

32007–2017
Woods v. Telb green
ohio · 2000
2 sentences

2004The court's sentencing entry did order post-release control for the maximum period allowed by law. {¶ 35} In Woods v. Telb, 89 Ohio St.3d 504 , 2000-Ohio-171 , the second paragraph of the syllabus states, "pursuant to R.C. 2967.28 (B) and (C), a trial court must inform the defendant at sentencing or at the time of a plea hearing that post-release control is part of the defendant's sentence." R.C. 2929.19 (B)(3)(e) says that if a period of post-release control is imposed following the offender's release from prison, the court must, at the sentencing hearing, notify the offender of the consequen

2004Upon review of the record, appellant's contention is well taken. {¶ 4} In Woods v. Telb, 89 Ohio St.3d 504 , 2000-Ohio-171 , 733 N.E.2d 1103 , paragraph two of the syllabus, the trial court, pursuant to R.C. 2967.28 (B) and (C), "must inform the defendant at sentencing or at the time of a plea hearing that post-release control is part of the defendant's sentence." R.C. 2929.19 (B)(3)(e) provides that if a period of post-release control is imposed following the offender's release from prison, the court must, at the sentencing hearing, notify the offender of the consequences of a violation of th

32003–2004
17AP-762 green
ohioctapp · 2018
2 sentences

2020(No. 2018-1144—Submitted November 13, 2019—Decided May 14, 2020.) APPEAL from the Court of Appeals for Franklin County, SUPREME COURT OF OHIO No. 17AP-762, 2018-Ohio-2529 . _______________________ KENNEDY, J. {¶ 1} In State v. Grimes, we held that a trial court does not properly impose postrelease control if the sentencing entry does not notify the offender that any violation of the conditions of postrelease control will subject the offender to the consequences for a violation provided in R.C. 2967.28. 151 Ohio St.3d 19 , 2017- Ohio-2927, 85 N.E.3d 700 , ¶ 1.

2020(No. 2018-1144—Submitted November 13, 2019—Decided May 14, 2020.) APPEAL from the Court of Appeals for Franklin County, SUPREME COURT OF OHIO No. 17AP-762, 2018-Ohio-2529 . _______________________ KENNEDY, J. {¶ 1} In State v. Grimes, we held that a trial court does not properly impose postrelease control if the sentencing entry does not notify the offender that any violation of the conditions of postrelease control will subject the offender to the consequences for a violation provided in R.C. 2967.28. 151 Ohio St.3d 19 , 2017- Ohio-2927, 85 N.E.3d 700 , ¶ 1.

22020–2020
State v. Griggs green
ohio · 2004
2 sentences

2015Furthermore, State v. Griggs, 103 Ohio St.3d 85 , 2004-Ohio-4415 , the case upon which Veney relied in applying the totality of the circumstances standard to the duty to "determine whether the defendant understood the consequences of waiver," applied the standard when considering whether the defendant understood the right to be informed that a guilty plea is a complete admission of guilt.

2008State v. Griggs, 103 Ohio St.3d 85 , 2004-Ohio-4415 , 814 N. E.2d 51 , ¶ 12.

22008–2015
State v. Clark green
ohioctapp · 2013
2 sentences

2014Clark No. 2012 CA 16, 2013-Ohio-299, ¶ 11 , we held: [A] judgment entry need not be corrected to include the specific consequences for violating post-release control conditions, if the trial court imposes a lawful sentence of post-release control, properly notifies the defendant regarding post-release control and the specific consequences of a violation during the sentencing hearing, and the sentencing entry contains notification regarding the fact that post-release control is being imposed and that a 5 prison term could be ordered for any violation. {¶ 11} In the case before us, the trial c

2014Clark No. 2012 CA 16, 2013-Ohio-299 (the sentencing entry that noted the term “consequences” in connection with R.C. 2967.28 was sufficient notice of the consequences for violation of postrelease control), State v. Darks, 10th Dist.

22014–2014
State v. Ruppert green
ohio · 1978
2 sentences

2005State v. Ruppert (1978), 54 Ohio St.2d 263 , 271 .

1990There is no evidence in the record, however, that appellant was ever misinformed about the consequences of his waiver, see State v. Ruppert (1978), 54 Ohio St. 2d 263 , certiorari denied (1978), 439 U.S. 954 , 99 S.Ct. 352 , or that the waiver was other than knowing, intelligent and voluntary when made.

21990–2005
State v. Mulkey green
ohioctapp · 1994
2 sentences

1999State v. Mulkey (1994), 98 Ohio App.3d 773 , 780 ; State v. Sneed (Oct. 9, 1996), Summit App. No. 17660, unreported, at 7.

1999State v. Mulkey (1994), 98 Ohio App.3d 773 , 780 ; State v. Sneed (Oct. 9, 1996), Summit App. No. 17660, unreported, at 7.

21999–1999
cluster 10875270 neutral
·
1 sentence

2026Id., 422 U.S. 806, 819-820 (1975).

12026–2026
State ex rel. Kline v. Carroll green
ohio · 2002
1 sentence

2022Kline v. Carroll, 96 Ohio St.3d 404 , 2002-Ohio-4849 , 775 N.E.2d 517, ¶ 27 (“Under [the invited-error] doctrine, a party is not entitled to take advantage of an error that he himself invited or induced the court to make”); Smith v. Flesher, 12 Ohio St.2d 107, 110 , 233 N.E.2d 137 (1967) (“It is an elementary proposition of law that an appellant, in order to secure reversal of a judgment against him, must not only show some error but must also show that that error was prejudicial to him”). {¶68} Mr. Ames next contends that the trial court’s injunction does not comply with R.C. 121.22(I)(1) bec

12022–2022
State v. D.W. green
ohio · 2012
2 sentences

2022In State v. D.W., 133 Ohio St.3d 434 , 2012-Ohio-4544 , 978 N.E.2d 894, ¶ 26 , the Ohio Supreme Court found that a juvenile offender subject to transfer proceedings may waive the right to an amenability hearing prior to a transfer.

2022In State v. D.W., 133 Ohio St.3d 434 , 2012-Ohio-4544 , 978 N.E.2d 894, ¶ 26 , the Ohio Supreme Court found that a juvenile offender subject to transfer proceedings may waive the right to an amenability hearing prior to a transfer.

12022–2022
State v. D.W. green
ohio · 2012
1 sentence

2022In State v. D.W., 133 Ohio St.3d 434 , 2012-Ohio-4544 , 978 N.E.2d 894, ¶ 26 , the Ohio Supreme Court found that a juvenile offender subject to transfer proceedings may waive the right to an amenability hearing prior to a transfer.

12022–2022
McCain v. Huffman (Slip Opinion) green
ohio · 2017
1 sentence

2020McCain v. Huffman, 151 Ohio St.3d 611 , 2017-Ohio-9241 , 91 N.E.3d 749 , ¶ 3.

12020–2020
State v. Hudson neutral
ohioctapp · 2019
1 sentence

2020Relying on Grimes and its decision in State v. Harper, 10th Dist. 3 SUPREME COURT OF OHIO Franklin No. 17AP-762, 2018-Ohio-2529 , the appellate court concluded that Hudson’s sentencing entry had not properly imposed postrelease control, because the trial court had not incorporated notice of the consequences of a violation into the sentencing entry. 2019-Ohio-1071, ¶ 12 .

12020–2020
State v. Brooks green
ohio · 2004
2 sentences

2018State v. Brooks, 103 Ohio St.3d 134 , 2004-Ohio-4746 , 814 N.E.2d 837 and Muskingum County, Case No. CT2017-0058 4 State v. Fraley, 105 Ohio St.3d 13 , 2004-Ohio-7110 , 821 N.E.2d 995 .

2018State v. Brooks, 103 Ohio St.3d 134 , 2004-Ohio-4746 , 814 N.E.2d 837 and Muskingum County, Case No. CT2017-0058 4 State v. Fraley, 105 Ohio St.3d 13 , 2004-Ohio-7110 , 821 N.E.2d 995 .

12018–2018
State v. Fraley green
ohio · 2004
2 sentences

2018State v. Brooks, 103 Ohio St.3d 134 , 2004-Ohio-4746 , 814 N.E.2d 837 and Muskingum County, Case No. CT2017-0058 4 State v. Fraley, 105 Ohio St.3d 13 , 2004-Ohio-7110 , 821 N.E.2d 995 .

2018State v. Brooks, 103 Ohio St.3d 134 , 2004-Ohio-4746 , 814 N.E.2d 837 and Muskingum County, Case No. CT2017-0058 4 State v. Fraley, 105 Ohio St.3d 13 , 2004-Ohio-7110 , 821 N.E.2d 995 .

12018–2018
State v. Walls neutral
ohio · 2010
2 sentences

2017State v. Walls , 125 Ohio St.3d 1201 , 2010-Ohio-1806 , 926 N.E.2d 647 .

2017State v. Walls , 125 Ohio St.3d 1201 , 2010-Ohio-1806 , 926 N.E.2d 647 .

12017–2017
State v. Bonnell (Slip Opinion) green
ohio · 2014
2 sentences

2016There was also no warning of a potential maximum fine of $5,000 per count for a business entity, which would total $230,000 for 46 counts of first-degree misdemeanor.2 In the magistrate’s findings of fact, the magistrate stated: “the Court warned Defendant that a 2 violation of community control could lead to the Court imposing additional community control sanctions, including a longer term of community control and a larger fine based on the original charges, the maximum fine for a business entity violating C.C.O. 203.03 being $5,000 per day for a maximum fine of 230,000.” The record, however,

2016There was also no warning of a potential maximum fine of $5,000 per count for a business entity, which would total $230,000 for 46 counts of first-degree misdemeanor.2 In the magistrate’s findings of fact, the magistrate stated: “the Court warned Defendant that a 2 violation of community control could lead to the Court imposing additional community control sanctions, including a longer term of community control and a larger fine based on the original charges, the maximum fine for a business entity violating C.C.O. 203.03 being $5,000 per day for a maximum fine of 230,000.” The record, however,

12016–2016
State v. Barker green
ohio · 2011
2 sentences

2015Thus, the court is not required to use the exact language contained in the rule and ask the defendant whether he understands the consequences of his waiver, although the better practice is "to use the language contained in Crim.R. 11(C), stopping after each right and asking the defendant No. 14AP-912 6 whether he understands the right and knows that he is waiving it by pleading guilty." Ballard at 479 . {¶ 13} In State v. Barker, 129 Ohio St.3d 472 , 2011-Ohio-4130 , the Supreme Court of Ohio held that a court reviewing the validity of a plea could consider the language in the change-of-plea a

2015Thus, the court is not required to use the exact language contained in the rule and ask the defendant whether he understands the consequences of his waiver, although the better practice is "to use the language contained in Crim.R. 11(C), stopping after each right and asking the defendant No. 14AP-912 6 whether he understands the right and knows that he is waiving it by pleading guilty." Ballard at 479 . {¶ 13} In State v. Barker, 129 Ohio St.3d 472 , 2011-Ohio-4130 , the Supreme Court of Ohio held that a court reviewing the validity of a plea could consider the language in the change-of-plea a

12015–2015
State v. Bezak red
ohio · 2007
2 sentences

2014State v. Bezak, 114 Ohio St.3d 94 , 2007-Ohio-3250 , 868 N.E.2d 961, ¶ 8 .

2014State v. Bezak, 114 Ohio St.3d 94 , 2007-Ohio-3250 , 868 N.E.2d 961, ¶ 8 .

12014–2014
State v. Fischer green
ohio · 2010
12014–2014
State v. Pullen green
ohioctapp · 2012
1 sentence

2014No. 11MA10, 2012-Ohio-1498, ¶ 19-30 . -4- {¶14} In Qualls, the Supreme Court stated that in order to comply with separation of powers concerns and to meet the requirements of the post-release control statutes, the sentencing court must provide statutorily compliant notification to the defendant regarding post-release control at the time of sentencing, including notification of the consequences for a violation.

12014–2014
State v. Robinson neutral
ohioctapp · 2012
12014–2014
State v. Foster green
ohio · 2006
12009–2009
State v. Nero green
ohio · 1990
12008–2008
Nadra v. Mbah green
ohio · 2007
12008–2008
State v. Veney green
ohio · 2007
12008–2008
State v. Martin green
ohio · 2004
12007–2007
Hernandez v. Kelly green
ohio · 2006
12007–2007
Watkins v. Collins green
ohio · 2006
12007–2007
State v. Lippert, Unpublished Decision (11-9-2006) neutral
ohioctapp · 2006
12006–2006
State v. Madaris green
ohioctapp · 2004
12006–2006
State v. Perdue, Unpublished Decision (12-3-2004) green
ohioctapp · 2004
12005–2005
State v. Johnson, Unpublished Decision (8-12-2004) neutral
ohioctapp · 2004
12005–2005
State v. Yanez green
ohioctapp · 2002
12004–2004
State ex rel. Louisiana-Pacific Corp. v. Industrial Commission green
ohio · 1995
12002–2002
Sherwin v. Cabana Club Apartments green
ohioctapp · 1980
11991–1991
Gray-Taylor, Inc. v. Harris County green
scotus · 1978
11990–1990
Arthur v. the Peoples Bank green
sc · 1914
11990–1990

Statutes the citing opinions construe

OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2967.28 (21) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2929.19 (15) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2929.14 (9) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2929.191 (9) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2953.08 (9) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.12 (5) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2925.03 (5) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2925.11 (5) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2941.25 (5) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2905.01 (4) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2907.02 (4) OH § Ohio Rev. Code § 2911.11 (4)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

NY 193 (1888–2026) TX 129 (1893–2025) CA 98 (1871–2025) IL 90 (1932–2026) TN 67 (1872–2026) OH 67 (1990–2026) CT 58 (1939–2026) FL 44 (1910–2026) PA 41 (1906–2024) NC 38 (1943–2021) MN 37 (1979–2026) NJ 35 (1903–2024) MA 30 (1906–2025) MI 26 (1932–2018) WA 25 (1940–2021) MD 24 (1903–2021) LA 23 (1905–2025) IN 20 (1890–2019) WV 17 (1885–2020) UT 17 (1897–2024) IA 16 (1883–2018) KY 16 (1912–2024) AL 16 (1983–2017) ID 16 (1929–2018) KS 15 (1907–2024) VT 15 (1848–2017) OK 13 (1948–2010) HI 13 (1981–2018) RI 12 (1976–2025) OR 12 (1914–2022) AZ 12 (1969–2024) NM 12 (1938–2023) SC 10 (1964–2023) MO 10 (1907–2011) GA 10 (1914–2020) CO 9 (1985–2012) ME 9 (1917–1995) WI 9 (1901–2024) DC 9 (1982–2015) DE 9 (1948–2025) MS 7 (1940–2022) NV 6 (1910–2017) NE 6 (1902–2017) ND 4 (1897–2015) AR 4 (1886–2017) MT 4 (1895–2024) WY 3 (1992–2002) SD 3 (1986–2004) AK 2 (1977–1984) PR 2 (1963–2004)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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