interpretation rule (Pennsylvania) · Go Syfert
← Pennsylvania issues

interpretation rule in Pennsylvania

65 Pennsylvania opinions name it 11 courts 1897–2025 10 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Pennsylvania courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (29)

CaseFollowedCited
Commonwealth v. Browngreen
pa · 1999 · cited in 4 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2016–2023
2 sentences

2023See Commonwealth v. Brown, 727 A.2d 541 (Pa. 1999).

2023See Commonwealth v. Brown, 727 A.2d 541 (Pa. 1999).

44
Oxford Board of School Directors v. Commonwealthgreen
pacommwct · 1977 · cited in 4 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1979–1984
2 sentences

1984We note that the principle generally applicable is that the arbitrator is possessed of jurisdiction if “there is involved a dispute between the parties which arguably involves an interpretation or violation of one of the provisions of the collective bargaining agreement.” Oxford Board of School Directors v. Pennsylvania Labor Relations Board, 31 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 441, 445 , 376 A.2d 1012, 1013 (1977) (emphasis in original).

1984We note that the principle generally applicable is that the arbitrator is possessed of jurisdiction if “there is involved a dispute between the parties which arguably involves an interpretation or violation of one of the provisions of the collective bargaining agreement.” Oxford Board of School Directors v. Pennsylvania Labor Relations Board, 31 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 441, 445 , 376 A.2d 1012, 1013 (1977) (emphasis in original).

44
Commonwealth v. Hanngreen
pa · 2013 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2022–2024
2 sentences

2024The interpretation of a rule of criminal procedure is “a question of law, for which our standard of review is de novo and our scope of review is plenary.” Commonwealth v. Hann, 81 A.3d 57, 65 (Pa. 2013).

2022See Commonwealth v. Hann, 81 A.3d 57, 65 (Pa. 2013).

22
Kopytin v. Aschingergreen
pasuperct · 2008 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2015–2018
2 sentences

2018When legal issues such as the interpretation of a rule are concerned, “our standard of review is de novo and our scope of review is plenary.” -7- J-S69035-18 Kopytin, 947 A.2d at 744 (citations omitted). [D]emonstrative evidence . . . is “tendered for the purpose of rendering other evidence more comprehensible to the trier of fact.” As in the admission of any other evidence, a trial court may admit demonstrative evidence whose relevance outweighs any potential prejudicial effect.

2015We further note that the object of all interpretation and construction of rules is to ascertain and effectuate the intention of the Supreme Court.” Kopytin v. Aschinger, 947 A.2d 739, 744 (Pa. Super. 2008), appeal denied, 964 A.2d 2 (Pa. 2009). -8- J-A30011-15 Contrary to Appellants’ argument, there is nothing in the plain language of Rule 1311.1 that requires a trial court to permit a party offering a document into evidence under Rule 1311.1 to read the entirety of the document to the jury.

22
Krebs v. United Refining Co. of Pennsylvaniagreen
pasuperct · 2006 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2008–2015
2 sentences

2015When legal issues such as the interpretation of a rule are concerned, “our standard of review is de novo and our scope of review is plenary.” Krebs v. United Refining Co. of Pa., 2006 PA Super 31 , 893 A.2d 776, 787 (Pa. Super. 2006).

2015When legal issues such as the interpretation of a rule are concerned, “our standard of review is de novo and our scope of review is plenary.” Krebs v. United Refining Co. of Pa., 2006 PA Super 31 , 893 A.2d 776, 787 (Pa. Super. 2006).

22
Commonwealth v. Joint Bargaining Committeegreen
pacommwct · 1984 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1986–1986
2 sentences

1986Id. at 206 , 475 A.2d at 1333, n. 4 .

1986Id. at 206 , 475 A.2d at 1333, n. 4 .

22
Ringgold School District v. Abramskigreen
pacommwct · 1981 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1982–1982
2 sentences

1982Thus, a dispute is arbitrable if it “arose out of the interpretation or application of a provision of the agreement,” Shippensburg Area Education Association v. Shippensburg Area School District, supra 42 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 132 , 400 A.2d at 1333 , involved a “misinterpretation or misapplication of the provisions of th[e] collective bargaining agreement,” Carmichaels Area School District v. Carmichaels Area Education Association, supra 37 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 145 , 389 A.2d at 1206 , “arguably involve[d] an interpretation or violation of one of the provisions of the collective bargaini

1982Thus, a dispute is arbitrable if it “arose out of the interpretation or application of a provision of the agreement,” Shippensburg Area Education Association v. Shippensburg Area School District, supra 42 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 132 , 400 A.2d at 1333 , involved a “misinterpretation or misapplication of the provisions of th[e] collective bargaining agreement,” Carmichaels Area School District v. Carmichaels Area Education Association, supra 37 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 145 , 389 A.2d at 1206 , “arguably involve[d] an interpretation or violation of one of the provisions of the collective bargaini

22
Commonwealth v. Bonomogreen
pa · 1959 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1974–1975
2 sentences

1975See, Commonwealth v. Bonomo, 396 Pa. 222 , 151 A.2d 441 (1959).” Commonwealth v. *223 Turner, supra, at 121, n. 3, 317 A.2d at 300 .

1975See, Commonwealth v. Bonomo, 396 Pa. 222 , 151 A.2d 441 (1959).” Commonwealth v. *223 Turner, supra, at 121, n. 3, 317 A.2d at 300 .

22
Commonwealth v. Turnergreen
pa · 1974 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1975–1980
2 sentences

1980Commonwealth v. DiFrancesco, 458 Pa. 188 , 329 A.2d 204 (1974) (the constitutionality of a standardized inference invoked to establish an essential element of the crime charged must be judged by the reasonable doubt standard); Commonwealth v. Turner, 456 Pa. 116 , 121 n.3, 317 A.2d 298 , 300 n.3 (1974) (in a criminal case where the fact to be inferred is the guilt of the crime charged or one of the elements of that crime, any standard less than reasona *311 ble doubt would be repugnant to the interpretation of the presumption of innocence as understood in this jurisdiction).

1980Commonwealth v. DiFrancesco, 458 Pa. 188 , 329 A.2d 204 (1974) (the constitutionality of a standardized inference invoked to establish an essential element of the crime charged must be judged by the reasonable doubt standard); Commonwealth v. Turner, 456 Pa. 116 , 121 n.3, 317 A.2d 298 , 300 n.3 (1974) (in a criminal case where the fact to be inferred is the guilt of the crime charged or one of the elements of that crime, any standard less than reasona *311 ble doubt would be repugnant to the interpretation of the presumption of innocence as understood in this jurisdiction).

12
Greer v. United States Steel Corp.green
pa · 1977 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025Cf. Dolan v. Linton’s Lunch, 152 A.2d 887, 892 (Pa. 1959) (“To read the act so as to deny plaintiff his existing common-law remedy without permitting him to come within the protective coverage of the Workmen’s Compensation Act might well violate the mandate of Article I, Section 11 of the Constitution of Pennsylvania.”); Greer, 380 A.2d at 1222-23 (“It has even been pointed out that an attempt to bar recovery where no compensation recovery can be had might well violate Article I, Section 11, of the 21 Article I, Section 11 provides: “All courts shall be open; and every man for an injury done h

11
Page v. Dennisongreen
pa · 1857 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025Page, 1 Grant at 383 (Lowrie, J., dissenting) (criticizing the Majority’s interpretation of the presumption by stating, “If this is not judicial legislation, then I do not understand the term”).

11
Dolan v. Linton's Lunchgreen
pa · 1959 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025Cf. Dolan v. Linton’s Lunch, 152 A.2d 887, 892 (Pa. 1959) (“To read the act so as to deny plaintiff his existing common-law remedy without permitting him to come within the protective coverage of the Workmen’s Compensation Act might well violate the mandate of Article I, Section 11 of the Constitution of Pennsylvania.”); Greer, 380 A.2d at 1222-23 (“It has even been pointed out that an attempt to bar recovery where no compensation recovery can be had might well violate Article I, Section 11, of the 21 Article I, Section 11 provides: “All courts shall be open; and every man for an injury done h

11
Com. v. Widger, K.green
pasuperct · 2020 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024“Due process requires a criminal statute to give fair warning of the conduct prescribed, and the criminal information must provide fair notice of every crime of which a criminal defendant is accused.” Commonwealth v. Widger, 237 A.3d 1151, 1164 (Pa. Super. ____________________________________________ 11 Benson quotes a prior version of Rule 564, but the rule was amended in 2016 to the above-quoted language “to more accurately reflect the interpretation of this rule” by our Supreme Court and this Court since the passage of the Rule in 1974.

11
Commonwealth v. Simsgreen
pa · 2007 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024Pa.R.Crim.P. 564, cmt. - 23 - J-A06040-24 2020); see also Commonwealth v. Sims, 919 A.2d 931, 939 (Pa. 2007) (“Such notice ensures that, if the Commonwealth prevails at trial, the defendant’s conviction is not arbitrary or oppressive.”).

11
DNB First, N.A. v. Fretzgreen
pa · 2014 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024“The Rules of Criminal Procedure are to ‘be construed in consonance with the rules of statutory construction,’ Pa.R.Crim.P. 101(C), which requires us to interpret the provisions in accord with the plain meaning of their terms.” Commonwealth v. Allen, 107 A.3d 709, 716 (Pa. 2014) (brackets omitted). ____________________________________________ 2 “[B]oth this Court and the Commonwealth Court have jurisdiction to decide an appeal involving a motion for the return of property filed pursuant to [Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure] 588.” Commonwealth v. Durham, 9 A.3d 641 , 642 n.1 (Pa. Super.

11
Commonwealth v. Sinclairgreen
pasuperct · 2006 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021Thus, under either version, our review is the same. -9- J-S01024-21 prejudice by prohibiting the last minute addition of alleged criminal acts of which the defendant is uninformed.” Commonwealth v. Sinclair, 897 A.2d 1218, 1221 (Pa. Super. 2006).

11
Commonwealth v. Grekisgreen
pasuperct · 1992 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
11
Lenau, N. v. Co-Exprise, Inc.green
pasuperct · 2014 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
11
McKinney v. Carolusgreen
pasuperct · 1993 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
11
Finn v. City of Philadelphiagreen
pa · 1995 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1998–1998
11
Jenkins v. Hospital of the Medical College of Pennsylvaniagreen
pa · 1993 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
11
Fisher v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1976 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1991–1991
11
Klugman v. Gimbel Bros.green
pasuperct · 1962 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1988–1988
11
LeDonne v. Kesslergreen
pasuperct · 1978 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1984–1984
11
Commonwealth v. Watersgreen
pa · 1980 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
11
Transnational Consumer Discount Co. v. Kefauvergreen
pasuperct · 1973 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1979–1979
11
Commonwealth v. Grocegreen
pa · 1973 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1975–1975
11
Wilson v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1896 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1974–1974
11
Ottavi v. Timothy Burke Stripping Co.green
pasuperct · 1940 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1952–1952
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Pennsylvania. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (51)

CaseCitedYears
Commonwealth v. Sutherland green
pasuperct · 1975
2 sentences

2016This interpretation of the rule was "premised on the idea that it would be unfair to accept a guilty plea which was induced in part by a recommendation of a lenient sentence and then impose a greater sentence." Sutherland, 340 A.2d at 584 .

1991This interpretation of the rule was "premised on the idea that it would be unfair to accept a guilty plea which was induced in part by a recommendation of a lenient sentence and then impose a greater sentence." Commonwealth v. Sutherland, supra, 234 Pa.Superior Ct. at 524, 340 A.2d at 584 .

21991–2016
Donnellan v. Mt. Lebanon School District green
pacommwct · 1977
2 sentences

1982Lebanon School District, supra 32 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 35 , 377 A.2d at 1056 .

1982Lebanon School District, supra 32 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 35 , 377 A.2d at 1056 .

21982–1982
North Star School District v. P.L.R.B. green
pacommwct · 1978
2 sentences

1982Thus, a dispute is arbitrable if it “arose out of the interpretation or application of a provision of the agreement,” Shippensburg Area Education Association v. Shippensburg Area School District, supra 42 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 132 , 400 A.2d at 1333 , involved a “misinterpretation or misapplication of the provisions of th[e] collective bargaining agreement,” Carmichaels Area School District v. Carmichaels Area Education Association, supra 37 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 145 , 389 A.2d at 1206 , “arguably involve[d] an interpretation or violation of one of the provisions of the collective bargaini

1982Thus, a dispute is arbitrable if it “arose out of the interpretation or application of a provision of the agreement,” Shippensburg Area Education Association v. Shippensburg Area School District, supra 42 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 132 , 400 A.2d at 1333 , involved a “misinterpretation or misapplication of the provisions of th[e] collective bargaining agreement,” Carmichaels Area School District v. Carmichaels Area Education Association, supra 37 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 145 , 389 A.2d at 1206 , “arguably involve[d] an interpretation or violation of one of the provisions of the collective bargaini

21982–1982
Carmichaels Area School District v. Carmichaels Area Education Ass'n green
pacommwct · 1978
2 sentences

1982Thus, a dispute is arbitrable if it "arose out of the interpretation or application of a provision of the agreement," Shippensburg Area Education Association v. Shippensburg Area School District, supra 42 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 132 , 400 A.2d at 1333 , involved a "misinterpretation or misapplication of the provisions of th[e] collective bargaining agreement," Carmichaels Area School District v. Carmichaels Area Education Association, supra 37 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 145 , 389 A.2d at 1206 , "arguably involve[d] an interpretation or violation of one of the provisions of the collective bargaini

1982Thus, a dispute is arbitrable if it “arose out of the interpretation or application of a provision of the agreement,” Shippensburg Area Education Association v. Shippensburg Area School District, supra 42 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 132 , 400 A.2d at 1333 , involved a “misinterpretation or misapplication of the provisions of th[e] collective bargaining agreement,” Carmichaels Area School District v. Carmichaels Area Education Association, supra 37 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 145 , 389 A.2d at 1206 , “arguably involve[d] an interpretation or violation of one of the provisions of the collective bargaini

21982–1982
Shippensburg Area Education Ass'n v. Shippensburg Area School District green
pacommwct · 1979
2 sentences

1982Thus, a dispute is arbitrable if it “arose out of the interpretation or application of a provision of the agreement,” Shippensburg Area Education Association v. Shippensburg Area School District, supra 42 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 132 , 400 A.2d at 1333 , involved a “misinterpretation or misapplication of the provisions of th[e] collective bargaining agreement,” Carmichaels Area School District v. Carmichaels Area Education Association, supra 37 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 145 , 389 A.2d at 1206 , “arguably involve[d] an interpretation or violation of one of the provisions of the collective bargaini

1982Thus, a dispute is arbitrable if it “arose out of the interpretation or application of a provision of the agreement,” Shippensburg Area Education Association v. Shippensburg Area School District, supra 42 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 132 , 400 A.2d at 1333 , involved a “misinterpretation or misapplication of the provisions of th[e] collective bargaining agreement,” Carmichaels Area School District v. Carmichaels Area Education Association, supra 37 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 145 , 389 A.2d at 1206 , “arguably involve[d] an interpretation or violation of one of the provisions of the collective bargaini

21982–1982
Appeal of Ortenzi green
pasuperct · 1978
2 sentences

1982Thus, a dispute is arbitrable if it "arose out of the interpretation or application of a provision of the agreement," Shippensburg Area Education Association v. Shippensburg Area School District, supra 42 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 132 , 400 A.2d at 1333 , involved a "misinterpretation or misapplication of the provisions of th[e] collective bargaining agreement," Carmichaels Area School District v. Carmichaels Area Education Association, supra 37 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 145 , 389 A.2d at 1206 , "arguably involve[d] an interpretation or violation of one of the provisions of the collective bargaini

1982Thus, a dispute is arbitrable if it “arose out of the interpretation or application of a provision of the agreement,” Shippensburg Area Education Association v. Shippensburg Area School District, supra 42 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 132 , 400 A.2d at 1333 , involved a “misinterpretation or misapplication of the provisions of th[e] collective bargaining agreement,” Carmichaels Area School District v. Carmichaels Area Education Association, supra 37 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 145 , 389 A.2d at 1206 , “arguably involve[d] an interpretation or violation of one of the provisions of the collective bargaini

21982–1982
Tower Estate green
pa · 1963
2 sentences

1967The same interpretation and principle is enunciated in Howlett Estate, 366 Pa. 293, 297 , 77 A. 2d 390 ; Holton Estate, 399 Pa. 241, 248 , 159 A. 2d 883 (and eleven eases cited therein) ; and in Tower Estate, 410 Pa. 389 , 189 A. 2d 870 . “. . .: ‘. . .

1967The same interpretation and principle is enunciated in Howlett Estate, 366 Pa. 293, 297 , 77 A. 2d 390 ; Holton Estate, 399 Pa. 241, 248 , 159 A. 2d 883 (and eleven eases cited therein) ; and in Tower Estate, 410 Pa. 389 , 189 A. 2d 870 . “. . .: ‘. . .

21966–1967
Howlett Estate green
pa · 1951
2 sentences

1967The same interpretation and principle is enunciated in Howlett Estate, 366 Pa. 293, 297 , 77 A. 2d 390 ; Holton Estate, 399 Pa. 241, 248 , 159 A. 2d 883 (and eleven eases cited therein) ; and in Tower Estate, 410 Pa. 389 , 189 A. 2d 870 . “. . .: ‘. . .

1967The same interpretation and principle is enunciated in Howlett Estate, 366 Pa. 293, 297 , 77 A. 2d 390 ; Holton Estate, 399 Pa. 241, 248 , 159 A. 2d 883 (and eleven eases cited therein) ; and in Tower Estate, 410 Pa. 389 , 189 A. 2d 870 . “. . .: ‘. . .

21966–1967
Holton Estate green
pa · 1960
2 sentences

1967The same interpretation and principle is enunciated in Howlett Estate, 366 Pa. 293, 297 , 77 A. 2d 390 ; Holton Estate, 399 Pa. 241, 248 , 159 A. 2d 883 (and eleven eases cited therein) ; and in Tower Estate, 410 Pa. 389 , 189 A. 2d 870 . “. . .: ‘. . .

1967The same interpretation and principle is enunciated in Howlett Estate, 366 Pa. 293, 297 , 77 A. 2d 390 ; Holton Estate, 399 Pa. 241, 248 , 159 A. 2d 883 (and eleven eases cited therein) ; and in Tower Estate, 410 Pa. 389 , 189 A. 2d 870 . “. . .: ‘. . .

21966–1967
Marshall's Estate green
pa · 1918
2 sentences

1951In Knerr’s Estate, 130 Pa. Superior Ct. 383 , Judge Parker, later to become a justice of the Supreme Court, referring to the application of the rule, stated on page 389: “The court below fell into a common error which is clearly pointed out in the interpretation of this principle by Chief Justice Brown in Marshall’s Estate, 262 Pa. 145 , 149 . . . followed in Groninger’s Estate, 268 Pa. 184 ,191 . . . where he said: ‘. . . yet if such gift or distribution appears to be postponed for the convenience of the fund or property, or where the gift is only postponed to let in some other interest, the

1937The implication of the one is an accessory of the other, and it consequently follows the nature of its principal; whence it results that there can he no separate and independent legacy which is not given in express terms.” The court below fell into a common error which is clearly pointed out in the interpretation of this principle by Chief Justice Brown in Marshall’s Estate, 262 Pa. 145, 149 ,105 A. 63—followed in Groninger’s Estate, 268 Pa. 184, 191 , 110 A. 465 — where he said: “ ‘Though there be no other gift than in the direction to pay or distribute in futuro, yet if such gift or distribu

21937–1951
Groninger's Estate green
pa · 1920
2 sentences

1951In Knerr’s Estate, 130 Pa. Superior Ct. 383 , Judge Parker, later to become a justice of the Supreme Court, referring to the application of the rule, stated on page 389: “The court below fell into a common error which is clearly pointed out in the interpretation of this principle by Chief Justice Brown in Marshall’s Estate, 262 Pa. 145 , 149 . . . followed in Groninger’s Estate, 268 Pa. 184 ,191 . . . where he said: ‘. . . yet if such gift or distribution appears to be postponed for the convenience of the fund or property, or where the gift is only postponed to let in some other interest, the

1937The implication of the one is an accessory of the other, and it consequently follows the nature of its principal; whence it results that there can he no separate and independent legacy which is not given in express terms.” The court below fell into a common error which is clearly pointed out in the interpretation of this principle by Chief Justice Brown in Marshall’s Estate, 262 Pa. 145, 149 ,105 A. 63—followed in Groninger’s Estate, 268 Pa. 184, 191 , 110 A. 465 — where he said: “ ‘Though there be no other gift than in the direction to pay or distribute in futuro, yet if such gift or distribu

21937–1951
Commonwealth v. Durham green
pasuperct · 2010
1 sentence

2024“The Rules of Criminal Procedure are to ‘be construed in consonance with the rules of statutory construction,’ Pa.R.Crim.P. 101(C), which requires us to interpret the provisions in accord with the plain meaning of their terms.” Commonwealth v. Allen, 107 A.3d 709, 716 (Pa. 2014) (brackets omitted). ____________________________________________ 2 “[B]oth this Court and the Commonwealth Court have jurisdiction to decide an appeal involving a motion for the return of property filed pursuant to [Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure] 588.” Commonwealth v. Durham, 9 A.3d 641 , 642 n.1 (Pa. Super.

12024–2024
FedEx Corporate Services v. Costume Gallery green
pasuperct · 2024
1 sentence

2024Tecce’s arguments implicate the interpretation of rule 4009.21. “[W]hen the issue before us involves ‘the proper interpretation of the language of our rules of civil procedure,’ the question is a pure matter of law, and ‘our standard of review is de novo.’” FedEx Corp. Servs. v. Costume Gallery, Inc., 320 A.3d 129 , 132 (Pa. Super. 2024) (citation omitted).

12024–2024
Touloumes v. E.S.C. Inc. green
pa · 2006
1 sentence

2021Inc., 899 A.2d 343 , 346 n.4 (Pa. 2006).

12021–2021
Commonwealth v. Page green
pasuperct · 2009
12018–2018
Com. v. NEDAB green
pa · 2009
12015–2015
Grieff v. Reisinger green
pa · 1997
12006–2006
Neuhard v. Travelers Insurance green
pasuperct · 2003
12005–2005
Borgia v. Prudential Insurance Company green
pa · 2000
12005–2005
Schulman v. Chase Manhattan Bank green
nyappdiv · 2000
12001–2001
Atlantic Richfield Co. v. Razumic green
pa · 1978
11998–1998
Baumgart v. Keene Building Products Corp. green
pa · 1995
11996–1996
Baumgart v. Keene Building Products Corp. green
pasuperct · 1993
11996–1996
Tyler Trusts green
pa · 1972
11994–1994
McGonigle v. Currence green
pa · 1989
11993–1993
Patterson v. Armco, Inc. green
pacommwct · 1986
11993–1993
Commonwealth v. Stago green
pasuperct · 1979
11992–1992
United States v. White green
scotus · 1944
11991–1991
Lower Merion Township v. Schenk green
pasuperct · 1977
11989–1989
Simpson v. Allstate Insurance green
pa · 1986
11988–1988
Commonwealth v. Kinsey green
pasuperct · 1977
11987–1987
Watson v. Jones green
scotus · 1872
11986–1986
Commonwealth v. DiFrancesco green
pa · 1974
11980–1980
Kardon v. Portare green
pa · 1976
11980–1980
Pennsylvania v. Myers neutral
pactcomplfayett · 1796
11974–1974
Williams v. Commonwealth green
pa · 1857
11974–1974
Commonwealth v. Newman green
pa · 1923
11974–1974
Dellacasse v. Floyd Exrs. green
pa · 1938
11970–1970
McFadden v. Pennzoil Company green
pa · 1937
11970–1970
Erie Trust Company's Case (No. 2) green
pa · 1937
11970–1970

Statutes the citing opinions construe

PA § 18 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 2502 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 117 (1913–2025) IL 109 (1877–2026) CA 93 (1912–2026) UT 83 (1988–2026) FL 81 (1959–2025) MI 68 (1949–2025) OR 67 (1893–2026) PA 65 (1897–2025) NY 48 (1896–2022) CO 45 (1952–2026) OH 45 (1926–2025) IA 37 (1941–2024) MN 37 (1967–2026) WI 35 (1923–2024) AR 35 (1929–2025) WA 34 (1918–2019) MD 34 (1943–2023) MO 32 (1899–2020) AZ 31 (1946–2024) CT 29 (1955–2023) NJ 28 (1869–2020) HI 28 (1978–2022) MA 28 (1863–2026) IN 26 (1941–2023) WV 25 (1913–2024) MS 22 (1895–2023) LA 21 (1937–2019) NC 20 (1912–2020) AL 19 (1885–2008) NM 18 (1939–2019) GA 16 (1909–2024) MT 16 (1890–2023) TN 15 (1942–2022) ND 15 (1974–2023) DC 14 (1975–2024) VT 14 (1915–2023) AK 12 (1975–2018) RI 10 (1968–2018) SD 10 (1897–2015) VA 10 (1962–2026) ID 10 (1975–2024) KS 10 (1904–2023) NH 7 (1978–2021) OK 7 (1919–2011) DE 7 (1920–2015) WY 7 (1933–2009) NE 7 (1922–2013) NV 6 (1971–2018) KY 5 (1917–2009) ME 5 (1958–2020) SC 4 (1936–2009) PR 4 (1930–1967)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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