interpretation rule (Oregon) · Go Syfert
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interpretation rule in Oregon

67 Oregon opinions name it 3 courts 1893–2026 10 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Oregon courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (20)

CaseFollowedCited
Waddill v. Anchor Hocking, Inc.green
or · 2001 · cited in 9 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2011–2026
2 sentences

2026Vanornum, 354 Or at 623 ; see also Waddill v. Anchor Hocking, Inc., 330 Or 376 , 382 n 2, 8 P3d 200 (2000), adh’d to on recons, 331 Or 595 , 18 P3d 1096 (2001) (“unless the legislature amended the rule at issue in a particular case in a manner that affects the issues in that case, the Council’s intent governs the interpretation of the rule”).

2026Vanornum, 354 Or at 623 ; see also Waddill v. Anchor Hocking, Inc., 330 Or 376 , 382 n 2, 8 P3d 200 (2000), adh’d to on recons, 331 Or 595 , 18 P3d 1096 (2001) (“unless the legislature amended the rule at issue in a particular case in a manner that affects the issues in that case, the Council’s intent governs the interpretation of the rule”).

69
Waddill v. Anchor Hocking, Inc.green
or · 2000 · cited in 9 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2011–2026
2 sentences

2026Vanornum, 354 Or at 623 ; see also Waddill v. Anchor Hocking, Inc., 330 Or 376 , 382 n 2, 8 P3d 200 (2000), adh’d to on recons, 331 Or 595 , 18 P3d 1096 (2001) (“unless the legislature amended the rule at issue in a particular case in a manner that affects the issues in that case, the Council’s intent governs the interpretation of the rule”).

2026Vanornum, 354 Or at 623 ; see also Waddill v. Anchor Hocking, Inc., 330 Or 376 , 382 n 2, 8 P3d 200 (2000), adh’d to on recons, 331 Or 595 , 18 P3d 1096 (2001) (“unless the legislature amended the rule at issue in a particular case in a manner that affects the issues in that case, the Council’s intent governs the interpretation of the rule”).

49
Crystal Communications, Inc. v. Department of Revenuegreen
or · 2013 · cited in 3 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016See Crystal Communications, Inc., 353 Or at 311 (explaining that no deference is due when department’s interpretation is “inconsistent with * * * any other source of law”).

2016See Crystal Communications, Inc., 353 Or at 311 (explaining that no deference is due when department’s interpretation is “inconsistent with * * * any other source of law”).

33
Don't Waste Oregon Committee v. Energy Facility Siting Councilgreen
or · 1994 · cited in 11 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 1998–2023
2 sentences

2015See Don’t Waste Oregon Com. v. Energy Facility Siting, 320 Or 132, 142 , 881 P2d 119 (1994) (an agency’s interpretation of a rule is implausible if it is “inconsistent with the wording of the rule itself, or with the rule’s context, or with any other source of law,” including a statute).

2015See Don’t Waste Oregon Com. v. Energy Facility Siting, 320 Or 132, 142 , 881 P2d 119 (1994) (an agency’s interpretation of a rule is implausible if it is “inconsistent with the wording of the rule itself, or with the rule’s context, or with any other source of law,” including a statute).

211
Application of Portland General Elec. Co.green
or · 1977 · cited in 2 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
2 sentences

2023See, e.g., Marbet v. Portland General Electric, 277 Or 447, 463 , 561 P2d 154 (1977) (in the context of energy facil- ity siting, agency must provide notice of a standard “suffi- ciently in advance of the final decision so that the applicant and other parties can address the import of the standard for the particular project”); Martini v. OLCC, 110 Or App 508, 513 , 823 P2d 1015 (1992) (agreeing with an agency “that it may make policy refinements in deciding contested cases and that those may include changes in its interpretations of statutes and rules” but also concluding that, when an agency

2023See, e.g., Marbet v. Portland General Electric, 277 Or 447, 463 , 561 P2d 154 (1977) (in the context of energy facil- ity siting, agency must provide notice of a standard “suffi- ciently in advance of the final decision so that the applicant and other parties can address the import of the standard for the particular project”); Martini v. OLCC, 110 Or App 508, 513 , 823 P2d 1015 (1992) (agreeing with an agency “that it may make policy refinements in deciding contested cases and that those may include changes in its interpretations of statutes and rules” but also concluding that, when an agency

22
Lake Oswego Review, Inc. v. Steinkampgreen
or · 1985 · cited in 2 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2000–2011
2 sentences

2011See also Lake Oswego Review v. Steinkamp, 298 Or 607, 610-12 , 695 P2d 565 (1985) (referring to Council’s legislative history to interpret rule).

2011See also Lake Oswego Review v. Steinkamp, 298 Or 607, 610-12 , 695 P2d 565 (1985) (referring to Council’s legislative history to interpret rule).

22
A. G. v. Guitrongreen
or · 2011 · cited in 4 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2013–2026
2 sentences

2026A.G. v. Guitron, 351 Or 465, 471 , 268 P3d 589 (2011) (“we apply the usual method of statutory interpretation” to ORCPs (internal quotation marks omitted)); State v. Vanornum, 354 Or 614, 619-20 , 317 P3d 889 (2013) (when a rule of civil procedure is promul- gated by the Council on Court Procedures and accepted by the legislature without amendment, the intent of the council governs the interpretation of the rule).

2026A.G. v. Guitron, 351 Or 465, 471 , 268 P3d 589 (2011) (“we apply the usual method of statutory interpretation” to ORCPs (internal quotation marks omitted)); State v. Vanornum, 354 Or 614, 619-20 , 317 P3d 889 (2013) (when a rule of civil procedure is promul- gated by the Council on Court Procedures and accepted by the legislature without amendment, the intent of the council governs the interpretation of the rule).

14
Gottenberg v. Westinghouse Electric Corp.green
orctapp · 1996 · cited in 2 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 1997–2013
2 sentences

2013Gottenberg, 142 Or App at 73 ; see also Waddill v. Anchor Hocking, Inc., 330 Or 376 , 382 n 2, 8 P3d 200 (2000), adh’d to on recons, 331 Or 595 , 18 P3d 1096 (2001) (“[U]nless the legislature amended the rule at issue in a particular case in a manner that affects the issues in that case, the Council’s intent governs the interpretation of the rule.”).

1997See Gottenberg v. Westinghouse Electric Corp., 142 Or App 70, 73 , 919 P2d 521 (1996).

12
AFSCME Local 2623 v. Department of Correctionsgreen
or · 1992 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
1 sentence

2016See AFSCME Local 2623, 315 Or at 79 (“Numerous individual fact situations can arise under any rule, but judicial review of the rule as applied to each of those situations is reserved to other forums.”); Wilson v. Dept. of Corrections, 259 Or App 554, 556 , 314 P3d 994 (2013) (in reviewing the validity of a rule under ORS 183.400(1), “we are limited to consideration of the rule itself, statutory provisions authorizing the rule, and documents bearing on compliance with rulemaking procedures”).

11
Swarthout v. Cookegreen
scotus · 2011 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015See, e.g., Swarthout v. Cooke, 562 US 216 , 131 S Ct 859 , 178 L Ed 2d 732 (2011) (in context of parole, procedural due process requirements are minimal and are satisfied if a prisoner is given an opportunity to be heard and provided a statement of reasons why parole was denied).

2015See, e.g., Swarthout v. Cooke, 562 US 216 , 131 S Ct 859 , 178 L Ed 2d 732 (2011) (in context of parole, procedural due process requirements are minimal and are satisfied if a prisoner is given an opportunity to be heard and provided a statement of reasons why parole was denied).

11
Atlantic Richfield Co. v. Department of Revenuegreen
or · 1986 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015See id. at 646 (explaining that the two rationales that supported the department’s interpretation of its rule “seem[ed] suspect” while the four rationales that supported a different interpretation had “validity”).

2015Id.

11
Gafur v. Legacy Good Samaritan Hospital & Medical Centergreen
or · 2008 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014Under Don’t Waste Oregon, we also consider whether the agency’s interpretation of the rule is inconsistent with the rule’s context or with any other source of law. 320 Or at 142 ; see also Gafur v. Legacy Good Samaritan Hospital, 344 Or 525, 537 , 185 P3d 446 (2008) (citing Don’t Waste Oregon rule and holding that Bureau of Labor and Industries interpretation of its own rule was inconsistent with the rule’s context and, therefore, was erroneous).

2014Under Don’t Waste Oregon, we also consider whether the agency’s interpretation of the rule is inconsistent with the rule’s context or with any other source of law. 320 Or at 142 ; see also Gafur v. Legacy Good Samaritan Hospital, 344 Or 525, 537 , 185 P3d 446 (2008) (citing Don’t Waste Oregon rule and holding that Bureau of Labor and Industries interpretation of its own rule was inconsistent with the rule’s context and, therefore, was erroneous).

11
Pacific Northwest Bell Telephone Co. v. Katzgreen
orctapp · 1992 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
11
McPherson v. Employment Divisiongreen
or · 1979 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
11
Johnson v. Employment Departmentgreen
orctapp · 2003 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
11
Teacher Standards & Practices Commission v. Bergersongreen
or · 2007 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
11
Freeman v. Employment Departmentgreen
orctapp · 2004 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
11
Nichols v. Office of Medical Assistance Programsgreen
orctapp · 2000 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
Safeway Stores, Inc. v. Cornellgreen
orctapp · 1997 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 1998–1998
11
Pierce v. Yakima Valley Memorial Hospital Ass'ngreen
wash · 1953 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 1961–1961
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (1)

CaseNegativeCited
Franklin v. Employment Departmentred
orctapp · 2013 · cited in 1 Oregon opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
11

Also cited on this issue (44)

CaseCitedYears
Nacey v. Board of Massage Therapists neutral
orctapp · 2017
2 sentences

2025Nacey v. Board of Massage Therapists, 287 Or App 228, 233 , 401 P3d 275 (2017).

2025Nacey v. Board of Massage Therapists, 287 Or App 228, 233 , 401 P3d 275 (2017).

22025–2025
Martini v. Oregon Liquor Control Commission green
orctapp · 1992
2 sentences

2023See, e.g., Marbet v. Portland General Electric, 277 Or 447, 463 , 561 P2d 154 (1977) (in the context of energy facil- ity siting, agency must provide notice of a standard “suffi- ciently in advance of the final decision so that the applicant and other parties can address the import of the standard for the particular project”); Martini v. OLCC, 110 Or App 508, 513 , 823 P2d 1015 (1992) (agreeing with an agency “that it may make policy refinements in deciding contested cases and that those may include changes in its interpretations of statutes and rules” but also concluding that, when an agency

2023See, e.g., Marbet v. Portland General Electric, 277 Or 447, 463 , 561 P2d 154 (1977) (in the context of energy facil- ity siting, agency must provide notice of a standard “suffi- ciently in advance of the final decision so that the applicant and other parties can address the import of the standard for the particular project”); Martini v. OLCC, 110 Or App 508, 513 , 823 P2d 1015 (1992) (agreeing with an agency “that it may make policy refinements in deciding contested cases and that those may include changes in its interpretations of statutes and rules” but also concluding that, when an agency

22023–2023
Smothers v. Gresham Transfer, Inc. red
or · 2001
2 sentences

2016Smothers recognized the unsettled state of this court’s prior remedy clause jurisprudence and attempted to resolve, once and for all, the proper interpretation of the clause. 332 Or at 90-91 .

2016Smothers recognized the unsettled state of this court’s prior remedy-clause jurisprudence and attempted to resolve, once and for all, the proper interpretation of the clause. 332 Or at 90-91 .

22016–2016
SAIF Corp. v. Donahue-Birran green
orctapp · 2004
2 sentences

2010SAIF v. Donahue-Birran, 195 Or.App. 173, 181 , 96 P.3d 1282 (2004).

2010SAIF v. Donahue-Birran, 195 Or.App. 173, 181 , 96 P.3d 1282 (2004).

22010–2010
State v. Vanornum green
or · 2013
2 sentences

2026A.G. v. Guitron, 351 Or 465, 471 , 268 P3d 589 (2011) (“we apply the usual method of statutory interpretation” to ORCPs (internal quotation marks omitted)); State v. Vanornum, 354 Or 614, 619-20 , 317 P3d 889 (2013) (when a rule of civil procedure is promul- gated by the Council on Court Procedures and accepted by the legislature without amendment, the intent of the council governs the interpretation of the rule).

2026A.G. v. Guitron, 351 Or 465, 471 , 268 P3d 589 (2011) (“we apply the usual method of statutory interpretation” to ORCPs (internal quotation marks omitted)); State v. Vanornum, 354 Or 614, 619-20 , 317 P3d 889 (2013) (when a rule of civil procedure is promul- gated by the Council on Court Procedures and accepted by the legislature without amendment, the intent of the council governs the interpretation of the rule).

12026–2026
PGE v. Alfalfa Solar I, LLC neutral
orctapp · 2023
1 sentence

2023Cite as 323 Or App 531 (2023) 541 In arguing that the contract is ambiguous, peti- tioners point to section 4.5 of the contract.

12023–2023
Stop B2H Coalition v. Dept. of Energy green
or · 2023
1 sentence

2023Where “the provision of law” at issue is the rule itself, and the agency offers a “plausible interpreta- tion” of that rule, then “there is no basis on which this court Cite as 370 Or 792 (2023) 801 can assert that the rule has been interpreted ‘erroneously’ ” unless the interpretation is “shown either to be inconsistent with the wording of the rule itself, or with the rule’s context, or with any other source of law.” Don’t Waste Oregon Com. v. Energy Facility Siting, 320 Or 132, 142 , 881 P2d 119 (1994).

12023–2023
OR-OSHA v. Loy Clark Pipeline, Co. green
orctapp · 2022
1 sentence

2022Cite as 320 Or App 205 (2022) 215 violation and, conversely, a violation can exist absent acci- dent or injury.

12022–2022
Oil Re-Refining Co. v. Environmental Quality Commission green
or · 2017
2 sentences

2021In Oil Re-Refining Co., the Supreme Court concluded that the agency’s interpretation of the rule in dispute was the “only” plausible one, and there- fore the interpretation that the court would apply regard- less of deference. 361 Or at 13 .

2021That rendered the deference question in that case “moot.” Id.

12021–2021
Garcia v. Boise Cascade Corp. green
or · 1990
2 sentences

2019Treated as a question of fact, the board’s determina- tion that SAIF’s form “referred to the WCD’s interpretation of that standard (‘more than 2/3 of the time’)” is supported by substantial evidence if “the record, viewed as a whole, [would] permit[ ] a reasonable person to make the finding.” Garcia v. Boise Cascade Corp., 309 Or 292, 294 , 787 P2d 884 (1990).

2019Treated as a question of fact, the board’s determina- tion that SAIF’s form “referred to the WCD’s interpretation of that standard (‘more than 2/3 of the time’)” is supported by substantial evidence if “the record, viewed as a whole, [would] permit[ ] a reasonable person to make the finding.” Garcia v. Boise Cascade Corp., 309 Or 292, 294 , 787 P2d 884 (1990).

12019–2019
Rains v. Stayton Builders Mart, Inc. green
orctapp · 2013
1 sentence

2018App. 652 , 658, 310 P.3d 1195 (2013) ; see also Waddill v. Anchor Hocking, Inc. , 330 Or. 376 , 382 n. 2, 8 P.3d 200 (2000), adh'd to on recons. , 331 Or. 595 , 18 P.3d 1096 (2001) ("[U]nless the legislature amended the rule at issue in a particular case in a manner that affects the issues in that case, the Council's intent governs the interpretation of the rule.").

12018–2018
Haskins v. Palmateer green
orctapp · 2003
1 sentence

2018Haskins v. Palmateer , 186 Or.

12018–2018
Godinez v. SAIF Corp. green
orctapp · 2015
2 sentences

2018But, in concluding that the ARU's interpretation of the rule was plausible, our opinion did refer to dictionary definitions of "significant": "The definition of 'significant' includes 'having meaning' and 'having or likely to have influence or effect'; it is synonymous with 'important,' 'weighty,' and 'notable.' " 269 Or.

2018App. at 583 , 346 P.3d 530 (citing Webster's Third New Int'l Dictionary , 2116 (unabridged ed. 2002)).

12018–2018
In the Matter of Marriage of Perlenfein and Perlenfein green
or · 1993
2 sentences

2016In interpreting administrative rules, we apply the same general principles applicable to an interpretation of statutes, see Perlenfein and Perlenfein, 316 Or 16, 22-23 , 848 P2d 604 (1993), deferring to plausible interpretations of administrative rules by the agency that promulgated them.

2016In interpreting administrative rules, we apply the same general principles applicable to an interpretation of statutes, see Perlenfein and Perlenfein, 316 Or 16, 22-23 , 848 P2d 604 (1993), deferring to plausible interpretations of administrative rules by the agency that promulgated them.

12016–2016
Wilson v. Department of Corrections green
orctapp · 2013
2 sentences

2016See AFSCME Local 2623, 315 Or at 79 (“Numerous individual fact situations can arise under any rule, but judicial review of the rule as applied to each of those situations is reserved to other forums.”); Wilson v. Dept. of Corrections, 259 Or App 554, 556 , 314 P3d 994 (2013) (in reviewing the validity of a rule under ORS 183.400(1), “we are limited to consideration of the rule itself, statutory provisions authorizing the rule, and documents bearing on compliance with rulemaking procedures”).

2016See AFSCME Local 2623, 315 Or at 79 (“Numerous individual fact situations can arise under any rule, but judicial review of the rule as applied to each of those situations is reserved to other forums.”); Wilson v. Dept. of Corrections, 259 Or App 554, 556 , 314 P3d 994 (2013) (in reviewing the validity of a rule under ORS 183.400(1), “we are limited to consideration of the rule itself, statutory provisions authorizing the rule, and documents bearing on compliance with rulemaking procedures”).

12016–2016
Powerex Corp. v. Department of Revenue green
or · 2015
2 sentences

2015Because the department is the source of the rule defining value of the loss, OAR 150-308.205-(F)(3)(k), the department’s interpretation of that rule is entitled to deference “as long as its interpretation is a plausible one and not inconsistent with the rule, its context, or any other source of law.” Powerex Corp. v. Dept. of Rev., 357 Or 40, 54 , 346 P3d 476 (2015) (quotation omitted).

2015Because the department is the source of the rule defining value of the loss, OAR 150-308.205-(F)(3)(k), the department’s interpretation of that rule is entitled to deference “as long as its interpretation is a plausible one and not inconsistent with the rule, its context, or any other source of law.” Powerex Corp. v. Dept. of Rev., 357 Or 40, 54 , 346 P3d 476 (2015) (quotation omitted).

12015–2015
Jordan v. Employment Department green
orctapp · 2004
2 sentences

2013Ring v. Employment Dept., 205 Or App 532, 536 , 134 P3d 1096 (2006); Jordan v. Employment Dept., 195 Or App 404, 409 , 97 P3d 1273 (2004); see also McPherson, 285 Or 541, 550 , 591 P2d 1381 (1979).

2013Ring v. Employment Dept., 205 Or App 532, 536 , 134 P3d 1096 (2006); Jordan v. Employment Dept., 195 Or App 404, 409 , 97 P3d 1273 (2004); see also McPherson, 285 Or 541, 550 , 591 P2d 1381 (1979).

12013–2013
Ring v. Employment Department green
orctapp · 2006
2 sentences

2013Ring v. Employment Dept., 205 Or App 532, 536 , 134 P3d 1096 (2006); Jordan v. Employment Dept., 195 Or App 404, 409 , 97 P3d 1273 (2004); see also McPherson, 285 Or 541, 550 , 591 P2d 1381 (1979).

2013Ring v. Employment Dept., 205 Or App 532, 536 , 134 P3d 1096 (2006); Jordan v. Employment Dept., 195 Or App 404, 409 , 97 P3d 1273 (2004); see also McPherson, 285 Or 541, 550 , 591 P2d 1381 (1979).

12013–2013
Erie Railroad v. Tompkins green
scotus · 1938
12012–2012
Bohannon v. Mills green
or · 2011
12011–2011
Friends of the Columbia Gorge, Inc. v. Columbia River Gorge Commission green
orctapp · 2010
12011–2011
Coats v. State Ex Rel. Department of Transportation neutral
orctapp · 2000
12006–2006
Coats v. State green
or · 2002
12006–2006
SAIF Corp. v. Frias green
orctapp · 2000
12005–2005
Veneer v. Employment Division green
orctapp · 1991
12004–2004
Trebesch v. Employment Division green
or · 1985
12004–2004
Kniss v. Public Employees Retirement Board green
orctapp · 2002
12002–2002
Hadley v. Cody Hindman Logging green
orctapp · 1996
12000–2000
Gonzalez v. Schrock Cabinet Co. green
orctapp · 2000
12000–2000
Dunning v. Corrections Facility Siting Authority green
or · 1997
11998–1998
In Re Estate of Shaff green
or · 1928
11996–1996
Friends of Oregon v. LCDC (Clatsop Co.) green
or · 1986
11994–1994
Columbia Steel Castings Co. v. City of Portland green
or · 1992
11994–1994
Mershon v. Oregonian Publishing green
orctapp · 1989
11993–1993
Springfield Education Ass'n v. Springfield School District No. 19 green
or · 1980
11983–1983
Edwards v. Arizona green
scotus · 1981
11982–1982
Miranda v. Arizona green
scotus · 1966
11982–1982
In Re the Estate of Reddaway green
or · 1958
11968–1968
Lafferty v. Newbry green
or · 1954
11963–1963
Riggs v. Riggs green
· 1883
11940–1940

Statutes the citing opinions construe

OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 183.482 (22) OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 174.010 (8) OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 656.268 (6) OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 656.298 (6) OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 183.310 (5) OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 174.020 (4) OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 308.205 (4) OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 305.275 (3) OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 305.280 (3) OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 308.210 (3) OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 656.005 (3) OR § Or. Rev. Stat. § 656.283 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 117 (1913–2025) IL 109 (1877–2026) CA 93 (1912–2026) UT 83 (1988–2026) FL 81 (1959–2025) MI 68 (1949–2025) OR 67 (1893–2026) PA 65 (1897–2025) NY 48 (1896–2022) CO 45 (1952–2026) OH 45 (1926–2025) IA 37 (1941–2024) MN 37 (1967–2026) WI 35 (1923–2024) AR 35 (1929–2025) WA 34 (1918–2019) MD 34 (1943–2023) MO 32 (1899–2020) AZ 31 (1946–2024) CT 29 (1955–2023) NJ 28 (1869–2020) HI 28 (1978–2022) MA 28 (1863–2026) IN 26 (1941–2023) WV 25 (1913–2024) MS 22 (1895–2023) LA 21 (1937–2019) NC 20 (1912–2020) AL 19 (1885–2008) NM 18 (1939–2019) GA 16 (1909–2024) MT 16 (1890–2023) TN 15 (1942–2022) ND 15 (1974–2023) DC 14 (1975–2024) VT 14 (1915–2023) AK 12 (1975–2018) RI 10 (1968–2018) SD 10 (1897–2015) VA 10 (1962–2026) ID 10 (1975–2024) KS 10 (1904–2023) NH 7 (1978–2021) OK 7 (1919–2011) DE 7 (1920–2015) WY 7 (1933–2009) NE 7 (1922–2013) NV 6 (1971–2018) KY 5 (1917–2009) ME 5 (1958–2020) SC 4 (1936–2009) PR 4 (1930–1967)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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