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62 Nebraska opinions name it 2 courts 1991–2026 25 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Nebraska courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
State v. Jeremiah T.green2 sentences2026The Supreme Court has instructed that “If the Court of Appeals substitutes its judgment regarding the weight of the evidence, it fails to apply an abuse of discretion standard of review.” Id. at 149 , 21 N.W.3d at 325. 2026The Supreme Court has instructed that “If the Court of Appeals substitutes its judgment regarding the weight of the evidence, it fails to apply an abuse of discretion standard of review.” Id. at 149 , 21 N.W.3d at 325. | 3 | 4 |
State v. Liermangreen2 sentences2025See State v. Lierman, 305 Neb. 289 , 940 N.W.2d 529 (2020). 2025See State v. Lierman, 305 Neb. 289 , 940 N.W.2d 529 (2020). | 3 | 3 |
In Re Interest of Brandy M.green2 sentences2003See, e.g., In re Interest of Brandy M. et al., 250 Neb. 510 , 550 N.W.2d 17 (1996) (prompt adjudication determinations are reviewed de novo to determine whether there has been abuse of discretion); In re Interest of D.D.P., 235 Neb. 864 , 458 N.W.2d 193 (1990) (it is within trial court’s discretion whether or not to permit child to be present at adjudication hearing in § 43-247(3)(a) proceeding). 2003See, e.g., In re Interest of Brandy M. et al., 250 Neb. 510 , 550 N.W.2d 17 (1996) (prompt adjudication determinations are reviewed de novo to determine whether there has been abuse of discretion); In re Interest of D.D.P., 235 Neb. 864 , 458 N.W.2d 193 (1990) (it is within trial court’s discretion whether or not to permit child to be present at adjudication hearing in § 43-247(3)(a) proceeding). | 3 | 3 |
State v. Tyler P.green2 sentences2026Accord State v. Tyler P., 299 Neb. 959 , 911 N.W.2d 260 (2018). 17 See, e.g., State v. Aldana Cardenas, 314 Neb. 544 , 990 N.W.2d 915 (2023); Hunt, supra note 9 ; State v. Bluett, 295 Neb. 369 , 889 N.W.2d 83 (2016). 18 Brief for appellant in support of petition for further review at 5. 19 Supplemental brief for appellant in support of petition for further review at 2. 20 Id. 21 Stephen D., supra note 1, 2025 WL 1937019 at *9. 22 Brief for appellant in support of petition for further review at 6. 23 Id. - 922 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 320 Nebraska Reports STATE V. 2026Accord State v. Tyler P., 299 Neb. 959 , 911 N.W.2d 260 (2018). 17 See, e.g., State v. Aldana Cardenas, 314 Neb. 544 , 990 N.W.2d 915 (2023); Hunt, supra note 9 ; State v. Bluett, 295 Neb. 369 , 889 N.W.2d 83 (2016). 18 Brief for appellant in support of petition for further review at 5. 19 Supplemental brief for appellant in support of petition for further review at 2. 20 Id. 21 Stephen D., supra note 1, 2025 WL 1937019 at *9. 22 Brief for appellant in support of petition for further review at 6. 23 Id. - 922 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 320 Nebraska Reports STATE V. | 1 | 1 |
United States v. Lustergreen2 sentences2026In other words, the abuse of discretion standard of review recognizes there is a range of possible rulings that can be supported by the facts and governing law in a particular case, and it requires reviewing courts to defer to a trial court’s ruling “so long as it falls within the realm of these rationally available choices.” 44 As Judge Learned Hand observed, the phrase “abuse of discretion” simply means that an appellate court will not reverse a trial court’s discretionary ruling “so long as we think that the 40 See, e.g., U.S. v. Luster, 55 M.J. 67, 73 (C.A.A.F. 2001) (Crawford, C.J., disse 2026In other words, the abuse of discretion standard of review recognizes there is a range of possible rulings that can be supported by the facts and governing law in a particular case, and it requires reviewing courts to defer to a trial court’s ruling “so long as it falls within the realm of these rationally available choices.” 44 As Judge Learned Hand observed, the phrase “abuse of discretion” simply means that an appellate court will not reverse a trial court’s discretionary ruling “so long as we think that the 40 See, e.g., U.S. v. Luster, 55 M.J. 67, 73 (C.A.A.F. 2001) (Crawford, C.J., disse | 1 | 1 |
State v. Schmaltzgreen2 sentences2026See, e.g., State v. Schmaltz, 304 Neb. 74 , 933 N.W.2d 435 (2019) (decisions regarding motions for mistrial due to alleged prosecutorial misconduct are directed to discretion of trial court and will be upheld in absence of abuse of discretion); State v. McSwine, 292 Neb. 565 , 873 N.W.2d 405 (2016) (appellate court reviews motion for new trial on basis of prosecutorial misconduct for abuse of discretion by trial court). 2026See, e.g., State v. Schmaltz, 304 Neb. 74 , 933 N.W.2d 435 (2019) (decisions regarding motions for mistrial due to alleged prosecutorial misconduct are directed to discretion of trial court and will be upheld in absence of abuse of discretion); State v. McSwine, 292 Neb. 565 , 873 N.W.2d 405 (2016) (appellate court reviews motion for new trial on basis of prosecutorial misconduct for abuse of discretion by trial court). | 1 | 1 |
Lambert v. Sisters of St. Joseph of Peacegreen2 sentences2026Joseph, 277 Or. 223, 229 , 560 P.2d 262, 266 (1977) (noting wide variety of definitions for “‘abuse of discretion’” and suggesting “[i]t is difficult to formulate a concise and accurate definition from these cases for the reason that there is such a factual divergency and ‘judicial discretion’ is involved in many different circumstances”). 41 See Henry J. 2026Joseph, 277 Or. 223, 229 , 560 P.2d 262, 266 (1977) (noting wide variety of definitions for “‘abuse of discretion’” and suggesting “[i]t is difficult to formulate a concise and accurate definition from these cases for the reason that there is such a factual divergency and ‘judicial discretion’ is involved in many different circumstances”). 41 See Henry J. | 1 | 1 |
State v. Aldana Cardenasgreen2 sentences2026Accord State v. Tyler P., 299 Neb. 959 , 911 N.W.2d 260 (2018). 17 See, e.g., State v. Aldana Cardenas, 314 Neb. 544 , 990 N.W.2d 915 (2023); Hunt, supra note 9 ; State v. Bluett, 295 Neb. 369 , 889 N.W.2d 83 (2016). 18 Brief for appellant in support of petition for further review at 5. 19 Supplemental brief for appellant in support of petition for further review at 2. 20 Id. 21 Stephen D., supra note 1, 2025 WL 1937019 at *9. 22 Brief for appellant in support of petition for further review at 6. 23 Id. - 922 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 320 Nebraska Reports STATE V. 2026Accord State v. Tyler P., 299 Neb. 959 , 911 N.W.2d 260 (2018). 17 See, e.g., State v. Aldana Cardenas, 314 Neb. 544 , 990 N.W.2d 915 (2023); Hunt, supra note 9 ; State v. Bluett, 295 Neb. 369 , 889 N.W.2d 83 (2016). 18 Brief for appellant in support of petition for further review at 5. 19 Supplemental brief for appellant in support of petition for further review at 2. 20 Id. 21 Stephen D., supra note 1, 2025 WL 1937019 at *9. 22 Brief for appellant in support of petition for further review at 6. 23 Id. - 922 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 320 Nebraska Reports STATE V. | 1 | 1 |
State v. Mortongreen2 sentences2024See State v. Morton, 310 Neb. 355 , 966 N.W.2d 57 (2021) (Cassel, J., concurring) (rare exception that sentence within statutory limits is excessive). 2024See State v. Morton, 310 Neb. 355 , 966 N.W.2d 57 (2021) (Cassel, J., concurring) (rare exception that sentence within statutory limits is excessive). | 1 | 1 |
| Murphy v. Browngreen | 1 | 1 |
| Holmes v. Crossroads Joint Venturegreen | 1 | 1 |
| Flanagan v. United Statesgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Greenwalt v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.green | 1 | 1 |
| United States v. Joseph Vincent Agosto, United States of America v. Deil Otto Gustafson, United States of America v. Joan Lorrain Norrisgreen | 1 | 1 |
| People v. Carrillogreen | 1 | 1 |
| Lockhart v. Stategreen | 1 | 1 |
| Commonwealth v. Williamsgreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Prattgreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Etchisongreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Clancygreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Haydengreen | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Nebraska. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
State v. Boppre
green
2 sentences2025State v. Boppre, 315 Neb. 203 , 995 N.W.2d 28 (2023). 2025State v. Boppre, 315 Neb. 203 , 995 N.W.2d 28 (2023). | 4 | 2024–2025 |
State v. Garcia
neutral
2 sentences2026State v. Garcia, 318 Neb. 228 , 14 N.W.3d 525 (2024). 2026State v. Garcia, 318 Neb. 228 , 14 N.W.3d 525 (2024). | 3 | 2025–2026 |
In Re Interest of DDP
green
2 sentences2003See, e.g., In re Interest of Brandy M. et al., 250 Neb. 510 , 550 N.W.2d 17 (1996) (prompt adjudication determinations are reviewed de novo to determine whether there has been abuse of discretion); In re Interest of D.D.P., 235 Neb. 864 , 458 N.W.2d 193 (1990) (it is within trial court’s discretion whether or not to permit child to be present at adjudication hearing in § 43-247(3)(a) proceeding). 2003See, e.g., In re Interest of Brandy M. et al., 250 Neb. 510 , 550 N.W.2d 17 (1996) (prompt adjudication determinations are reviewed de novo to determine whether there has been abuse of discretion); In re Interest of D.D.P., 235 Neb. 864 , 458 N.W.2d 193 (1990) (it is within trial court’s discretion whether or not to permit child to be present at adjudication hearing in § 43-247(3)(a) proceeding). | 3 | 2003–2003 |
Cooter & Gell v. Hartmarx Corp.
yellow
2 sentences1992The court adopted the U.S. Supreme Court’s position that “an appellate court should apply an abuse-of-discretion standard in reviewing all aspects of a federal district court’s determination of sanctions.” Id. at 914-15 , 468 N.W.2d at 129 , citing Cooter & Gell v. Hartmarx Corp., 496 U.S. 384 , 110 S. Ct. 2447 , 110 L. 1992The court adopted the U.S. Supreme Court’s position that “an appellate court should apply an abuse-of-discretion standard in reviewing all aspects of a federal district court’s determination of sanctions.” Id. at 914-15 , 468 N.W.2d at 129 , citing Cooter & Gell v. Hartmarx Corp., 496 U.S. 384 , 110 S. Ct. 2447 , 110 L. | 3 | 1991–1994 |
State v. Draper
green
2 sentences2025State v. Stricklin, 290 Neb. 542 , 861 N.W.2d 367 (2015). (d) Analysis Ramos assigns that the district court erred in denying his motion to transport witnesses and his alternative motion to present their statements via the residual hearsay exception. 2025State v. Stricklin, 290 Neb. 542 , 861 N.W.2d 367 (2015). (d) Analysis Ramos assigns that the district court erred in denying his motion to transport witnesses and his alternative motion to present their statements via the residual hearsay exception. | 2 | 2025–2025 |
State v. Robertson
green
2 sentences2021Stone Land argues that we should review this matter independently of the determination reached by the district court. [1,2] Although the denial of a motion to alter or amend the judgment is generally reviewed for an abuse of discretion, see, e.g., State v. Robertson, 294 Neb. 29 , 881 N.W.2d 864 (2016), Stone Land seeks review of a jurisdictional determination by the district court, see, e.g., Kovar v. Habrock, 261 Neb. 337 , 622 N.W.2d 688 (2001) (district court lacks jurisdiction over action after failure to serve defendant pursuant to § 25-217). 2021Stone Land argues that we should review this matter independently of the determination reached by the district court. [1,2] Although the denial of a motion to alter or amend the judgment is generally reviewed for an abuse of discretion, see, e.g., State v. Robertson, 294 Neb. 29 , 881 N.W.2d 864 (2016), Stone Land seeks review of a jurisdictional determination by the district court, see, e.g., Kovar v. Habrock, 261 Neb. 337 , 622 N.W.2d 688 (2001) (district court lacks jurisdiction over action after failure to serve defendant pursuant to § 25-217). | 2 | 2021–2021 |
Kovar v. Habrock
green
2 sentences2021Stone Land argues that we should review this matter independently of the determination reached by the district court. [1,2] Although the denial of a motion to alter or amend the judgment is generally reviewed for an abuse of discretion, see, e.g., State v. Robertson, 294 Neb. 29 , 881 N.W.2d 864 (2016), Stone Land seeks review of a jurisdictional determination by the district court, see, e.g., Kovar v. Habrock, 261 Neb. 337 , 622 N.W.2d 688 (2001) (district court lacks jurisdiction over action after failure to serve defendant pursuant to § 25-217). 2021Stone Land argues that we should review this matter independently of the determination reached by the district court. [1,2] Although the denial of a motion to alter or amend the judgment is generally reviewed for an abuse of discretion, see, e.g., State v. Robertson, 294 Neb. 29 , 881 N.W.2d 864 (2016), Stone Land seeks review of a jurisdictional determination by the district court, see, e.g., Kovar v. Habrock, 261 Neb. 337 , 622 N.W.2d 688 (2001) (district court lacks jurisdiction over action after failure to serve defendant pursuant to § 25-217). | 2 | 2021–2021 |
Guardianship & Conservatorship of Borowiak
green
2 sentences2008In re Guardianship & Conservatorship of Borowiak, 10 Neb.App. 22 , 624 N.W.2d 72 (2001). 2008In re Guardianship & Conservatorship of Borowiak, 10 Neb.App. 22 , 624 N.W.2d 72 (2001). | 2 | 2003–2008 |
State v. Messersmith
green
2 sentences2002That case, however, was decided before State v. Messersmith, 238 Neb. 924 , 473 N.W.2d 83 (1991), when the Nebraska Supreme Court clearly stated that the abuse of discretion standard applies only when discretion is a factor of admissibility. 2002That case, however, was decided before State v. Messersmith, 238 Neb. 924 , 473 N.W.2d 83 (1991), when the Nebraska Supreme Court clearly stated that the abuse of discretion standard applies only when discretion is a factor of admissibility. | 2 | 1993–2002 |
Taylor v. State
green
2 sentences1998The court further stated: Indeed, the abuse of discretion standard was found to be intertwined with that of excessiveness at least as early as 1954 in Taylor v. State, 159 Neb. 210 , 66 N.W.2d 514 (1954), wherein we wrote: “Contrary to defendant’s contention, we find nothing in the record before us which could lawfully sustain a conclusion that the trial court abused its discretion and thereby imposed an excessive sentence upon defendant.”. .. 1998The court further stated: Indeed, the abuse of discretion standard was found to be intertwined with that of excessiveness at least as early as 1954 in Taylor v. State, 159 Neb. 210 , 66 N.W.2d 514 (1954), wherein we wrote: “Contrary to defendant’s contention, we find nothing in the record before us which could lawfully sustain a conclusion that the trial court abused its discretion and thereby imposed an excessive sentence upon defendant.”. .. | 2 | 1993–1998 |
State v. Bluett
green
2 sentences2026Accord State v. Tyler P., 299 Neb. 959 , 911 N.W.2d 260 (2018). 17 See, e.g., State v. Aldana Cardenas, 314 Neb. 544 , 990 N.W.2d 915 (2023); Hunt, supra note 9 ; State v. Bluett, 295 Neb. 369 , 889 N.W.2d 83 (2016). 18 Brief for appellant in support of petition for further review at 5. 19 Supplemental brief for appellant in support of petition for further review at 2. 20 Id. 21 Stephen D., supra note 1, 2025 WL 1937019 at *9. 22 Brief for appellant in support of petition for further review at 6. 23 Id. - 922 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 320 Nebraska Reports STATE V. 2026Accord State v. Tyler P., 299 Neb. 959 , 911 N.W.2d 260 (2018). 17 See, e.g., State v. Aldana Cardenas, 314 Neb. 544 , 990 N.W.2d 915 (2023); Hunt, supra note 9 ; State v. Bluett, 295 Neb. 369 , 889 N.W.2d 83 (2016). 18 Brief for appellant in support of petition for further review at 5. 19 Supplemental brief for appellant in support of petition for further review at 2. 20 Id. 21 Stephen D., supra note 1, 2025 WL 1937019 at *9. 22 Brief for appellant in support of petition for further review at 6. 23 Id. - 922 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 320 Nebraska Reports STATE V. | 1 | 2026–2026 |
In re Interest of Aaden S.
green
1 sentence2026It would not be unusual for an appellate court to employ some reweighing language in an opinion reviewing a juvenile court’s transfer ruling because in such cases, the appellate court is required to review the juvenile court’s decision “de novo on the record for an abuse of discretion,” 59 and under such a standard of review, the appellate court “do[es] not defer to the findings of the trial judge in determining whether there has been an abuse of discretion, but, rather, make[s its] own appraisal of the record to determine whether 56 Brief for appellant in support of petition for further revie | 1 | 2026–2026 |
State v. McSwine
green
2 sentences2026See, e.g., State v. Schmaltz, 304 Neb. 74 , 933 N.W.2d 435 (2019) (decisions regarding motions for mistrial due to alleged prosecutorial misconduct are directed to discretion of trial court and will be upheld in absence of abuse of discretion); State v. McSwine, 292 Neb. 565 , 873 N.W.2d 405 (2016) (appellate court reviews motion for new trial on basis of prosecutorial misconduct for abuse of discretion by trial court). 2026See, e.g., State v. Schmaltz, 304 Neb. 74 , 933 N.W.2d 435 (2019) (decisions regarding motions for mistrial due to alleged prosecutorial misconduct are directed to discretion of trial court and will be upheld in absence of abuse of discretion); State v. McSwine, 292 Neb. 565 , 873 N.W.2d 405 (2016) (appellate court reviews motion for new trial on basis of prosecutorial misconduct for abuse of discretion by trial court). | 1 | 2026–2026 |
Donscheski v. DONSCHESKI
green
1 sentence2024Donscheski v. Donscheski, 17 Neb. | 1 | 2024–2024 |
Auerbach v. Bennett
green
2 sentences2024In arguing that an abuse of discretion standard is required by § 21-168, the Boesharts rely heavily on Auerbach v. Bennett, 47 N.Y.2d 619 , 393 N.E.2d 994 , 419 N.Y.S.2d 920 (1979), an oft-cited decision of New York’s highest court regarding what courts may consider in reviewing an SLC’s determination as to the disposition of a derivative lawsuit. 2024In arguing that an abuse of discretion standard is required by § 21-168, the Boesharts rely heavily on Auerbach v. Bennett, 47 N.Y.2d 619 , 393 N.E.2d 994 , 419 N.Y.S.2d 920 (1979), an oft-cited decision of New York’s highest court regarding what courts may consider in reviewing an SLC’s determination as to the disposition of a derivative lawsuit. | 1 | 2024–2024 |
State v. Cross
green
1 sentence2023Id. | 1 | 2023–2023 |
State v. Soto
green
1 sentence2021State v. Soto, 11 Neb. | 1 | 2021–2021 |
Carolina Gardens, Inc. v. Menowitz
green
2 sentences2021Suffice it to say that the trial court was not swayed by Streck’s stated need for installment payments. 39 See, e.g., Matter of Carolina Gardens v. Menowitz, 238 A.D.2d 189 , 655 N.Y.S.2d 536 (1997). - 894 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports WAYNE L. RYAN REVOCABLE TRUST v. RYAN The South Dakota Supreme Court interpreted a statute similar to § 21-20,166(5)(a) and determined that the language permits a trial court discretion in requiring a lump-sum payment or installment payments. 40 The South Dakota court then employed an abuse of discretion standard of review to deter 2021Suffice it to say that the trial court was not swayed by Streck’s stated need for installment payments. 39 See, e.g., Matter of Carolina Gardens v. Menowitz, 238 A.D.2d 189 , 655 N.Y.S.2d 536 (1997). - 894 - Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets 308 Nebraska Reports WAYNE L. RYAN REVOCABLE TRUST v. RYAN The South Dakota Supreme Court interpreted a statute similar to § 21-20,166(5)(a) and determined that the language permits a trial court discretion in requiring a lump-sum payment or installment payments. 40 The South Dakota court then employed an abuse of discretion standard of review to deter | 1 | 2021–2021 |
State v. Valdez
green
2 sentences2020State v. Valdez, 305 Neb. 441 , 940 N.W.2d 840 (2020). [3,4] The State cites State v. Johnson, 287 Neb. 190 , 842 N.W.2d 63 (2014), as support for applying an abuse of discretion standard of review for an appellate court to use when reviewing whether a trial court erred in finding sufficient evidence to terminate an individual from a drug court program. - 677 - Nebraska Court of Appeals Advance Sheets 28 Nebraska Appellate Reports STATE v. SEAMAN Although Johnson involved a probation revocation proceeding, we agree that an abuse of discretion standard is equally applicable when reviewing termi 2020State v. Valdez, 305 Neb. 441 , 940 N.W.2d 840 (2020). [3,4] The State cites State v. Johnson, 287 Neb. 190 , 842 N.W.2d 63 (2014), as support for applying an abuse of discretion standard of review for an appellate court to use when reviewing whether a trial court erred in finding sufficient evidence to terminate an individual from a drug court program. - 677 - Nebraska Court of Appeals Advance Sheets 28 Nebraska Appellate Reports STATE v. SEAMAN Although Johnson involved a probation revocation proceeding, we agree that an abuse of discretion standard is equally applicable when reviewing termi | 1 | 2020–2020 |
Boyd v. Cook
green
1 sentence2018STANDARD OF REVIEW [1] When a jurisdictional question does not involve a factual dispute, determination of a jurisdictional issue is a matter of law which requires an appellate court to reach a conclusion independent from the trial court’s.1 [2] While a court’s decision to issue a stay in an action is generally reviewed under an abuse of discretion standard of 1 Hand Cut Steaks Acquisitions v. Lone Star Steakhouse, ante p. 705, ___ N.W.2d ___ (2018). - 824 - Nebraska Supreme Court A dvance Sheets 298 Nebraska R eports BOYD v. COOK Cite as 298 Neb. 819 review,2 the decision whether to stay proc | 1 | 2018–2018 |
In re Interest of Tyrone K.
green
2 sentences2018When a case is filed in adult court, the adult court shall transfer it to juvenile court “unless a sound basis exists 5 Id., §§ 9 and 16. 6 Id., § 4. 7 In re Interest of Tyrone K., 295 Neb. 193 , 887 N.W.2d 489 (2016). 8 2017 Neb. 2018When a case is filed in adult court, the adult court shall transfer it to juvenile court “unless a sound basis exists 5 Id., §§ 9 and 16. 6 Id., § 4. 7 In re Interest of Tyrone K., 295 Neb. 193 , 887 N.W.2d 489 (2016). 8 2017 Neb. | 1 | 2018–2018 |
| State v. Todd green | 1 | 2017–2017 |
| McCormick v. Allmond neutral | 1 | 2016–2016 |
| Commonwealth v. Cavitt green | 1 | 2015–2015 |
| Commonwealth v. Almonte green | 1 | 2015–2015 |
| Clark v. State green | 1 | 2015–2015 |
| Hornig v. Martel Lift Systems, Inc. green | 1 | 2014–2014 |
| DESTINY 98 TD v. Miodowski neutral | 1 | 2014–2014 |
| Malchow v. Doyle green | 1 | 2009–2009 |
| State v. Draganescu green | 1 | 2009–2009 |
| Millatmal v. Millatmal green | 1 | 2008–2008 |
| State v. Fahlk green | 1 | 2006–2006 |
| First National Bank v. Kurtz neutral | 1 | 2002–2002 |
| McCune v. Neitzel green | 1 | 2001–2001 |
| Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael green | 1 | 1999–1999 |
| State v. Philipps green | 1 | 1999–1999 |
| State v. Juhl green | 1 | 1999–1999 |
| Reynolds v. Green green | 1 | 1998–1998 |
| Brown v. State green | 1 | 1998–1998 |
| State v. Keith neutral | 1 | 1994–1994 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.