48 Pennsylvania opinions name it 12 courts 1975–2025 12 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Pennsylvania courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Smith v. Marylandred2 sentences2025A consumer availing himself of the bank’s services necessarily had “take[n] the risk, in revealing his affairs to another, that the information [would] be conveyed by that person to the Government.” 38 33 Id. 34 425 U.S. 435 (1976). 35 442 U.S. 735 (1979). 36 Miller, 425 U.S. at 440 . 37 Id. at 442 . 38 Id. at 443 . [J-36A-2024, J-36B-2024 and J-36C-2024] - 11 The Court returned to the third-party doctrine three years later in Smith. 2025Smith, 442 U.S. at 745 . 72 Thus, the Court concluded, the third-party doctrine did not preclude an expectation of privacy in CSLI records. | 4 | 8 |
United States v. Knottsgreen2 sentences2025This suggested to the Court that Jones had at least facial applicability, as both types of data are “detailed, encyclopedic, and effortlessly compiled.” 62 On the other hand, the Court explained, the third-party doctrine seemed to have little, if any, relevance in regard 58 Id. 59 Id. at 307 (discussing Jones). 60 Smith, 442 U.S. at 745. 61 Carpenter, 585 U.S. at 309 . 62 Id. [J-36A-2024, J-36B-2024 and J-36C-2024] - 16 to the collection of CSLI data. 2025This suggested to the Court that Jones had at least facial applicability, as both types of data are “detailed, encyclopedic, and effortlessly compiled.” 62 On the other hand, the Court explained, the third-party doctrine seemed to have little, if any, relevance in regard 58 Id. 59 Id. at 307 (discussing Jones). 60 Smith, 442 U.S. at 745. 61 Carpenter, 585 U.S. at 309 . 62 Id. [J-36A-2024, J-36B-2024 and J-36C-2024] - 16 to the collection of CSLI data. | 4 | 5 |
Carpenter v. United Statesgreen2 sentences2025This suggested to the Court that Jones had at least facial applicability, as both types of data are “detailed, encyclopedic, and effortlessly compiled.” 62 On the other hand, the Court explained, the third-party doctrine seemed to have little, if any, relevance in regard 58 Id. 59 Id. at 307 (discussing Jones). 60 Smith, 442 U.S. at 745. 61 Carpenter, 585 U.S. at 309 . 62 Id. [J-36A-2024, J-36B-2024 and J-36C-2024] - 16 to the collection of CSLI data. 2025This suggested to the Court that Jones had at least facial applicability, as both types of data are “detailed, encyclopedic, and effortlessly compiled.” 62 On the other hand, the Court explained, the third-party doctrine seemed to have little, if any, relevance in regard 58 Id. 59 Id. at 307 (discussing Jones). 60 Smith, 442 U.S. at 745. 61 Carpenter, 585 U.S. at 309 . 62 Id. [J-36A-2024, J-36B-2024 and J-36C-2024] - 16 to the collection of CSLI data. | 3 | 11 |
United States v. Millerred2 sentences2025A consumer availing himself of the bank’s services necessarily had “take[n] the risk, in revealing his affairs to another, that the information [would] be conveyed by that person to the Government.” 38 33 Id. 34 425 U.S. 435 (1976). 35 442 U.S. 735 (1979). 36 Miller, 425 U.S. at 440 . 37 Id. at 442 . 38 Id. at 443 . [J-36A-2024, J-36B-2024 and J-36C-2024] - 11 The Court returned to the third-party doctrine three years later in Smith. 2025A consumer availing himself of the bank’s services necessarily had “take[n] the risk, in revealing his affairs to another, that the information [would] be conveyed by that person to the Government.” 38 33 Id. 34 425 U.S. 435 (1976). 35 442 U.S. 735 (1979). 36 Miller, 425 U.S. at 440 . 37 Id. at 442 . 38 Id. at 443 . [J-36A-2024, J-36B-2024 and J-36C-2024] - 11 The Court returned to the third-party doctrine three years later in Smith. | 3 | 8 |
Commonwealth v. Beaufordgreen2 sentences2025That we chose not to follow the United States Supreme Court’s ruling in one circumstance—bank records—does not mean that we simultaneously and sub silentio eschewed the third-party doctrine in every conceivable circumstance. 101 Id. at 1290. 102 Burrows, 529 P.2d at 596 . 103 Melilli, 555 A.2d at 1258 (quoting Commonwealth v. Beauford, 475 A.2d 783, 790 (Pa. Super. 1984)). 104 Id. [J-36A-2024, J-36B-2024 and J-36C-2024] - 28 limited to “telephone communications,” which, as a matter of state constitutional law, “are regarded as private.” 105 DeJohn and Melilli are distinguishable from the insta 2025That we chose not to follow the United States Supreme Court’s ruling in one circumstance—bank records—does not mean that we simultaneously and sub silentio eschewed the third-party doctrine in every conceivable circumstance. 101 Id. at 1290. 102 Burrows, 529 P.2d at 596 . 103 Melilli, 555 A.2d at 1258 (quoting Commonwealth v. Beauford, 475 A.2d 783, 790 (Pa. Super. 1984)). 104 Id. [J-36A-2024, J-36B-2024 and J-36C-2024] - 28 limited to “telephone communications,” which, as a matter of state constitutional law, “are regarded as private.” 105 DeJohn and Melilli are distinguishable from the insta | 2 | 4 |
United States v. Jonesgreen2 sentences2020Compare United States v. Knotts, 460 U.S. 276 (1983) (finding no expectation of privacy using a beeper to aid in tracking Knotts’ car because a person traveling in an automobile on public streets has no expectation of privacy in his movements from one place to another) with United States v. Jones, 565 U.S. 400, 405 (2012) (finding a search occurred when agents installed a GPS tracking device on Jones’ car and continuously monitored the vehicle’s movements for 28 days). - 14 - J-A09011-19 The second line of cases held that a person does not have a reasonable privacy interest in information he v 2020Compare United States v. Knotts, 460 U.S. 276 (1983) (finding no expectation of privacy using a beeper to aid in tracking Knotts’ car because a person traveling in an automobile on public streets has no expectation of privacy in his movements from one place to another) with United States v. Jones, 565 U.S. 400, 405 (2012) (finding a search occurred when agents installed a GPS tracking device on Jones’ car and continuously monitored the vehicle’s movements for 28 days). - 14 - J-A09011-19 The second line of cases held that a person does not have a reasonable privacy interest in information he v | 2 | 4 |
Katz v. United Statesgreen2 sentences2025To the contrary, for purposes of federal law, the traditional third-party doctrine applies, and, thus, 86 See Katz, 389 U.S. at 361 (Harlan, J., concurring). 87 Smith, 442 U.S. at 743. 88 Id. [J-36A-2024, J-36B-2024 and J-36C-2024] - 25 Kurtz lacked an expectation of privacy in the material he voluntarily shared while using the internet. 2025To the contrary, for purposes of federal law, the traditional third-party doctrine applies, and, thus, 86 See Katz, 389 U.S. at 361 (Harlan, J., concurring). 87 Smith, 442 U.S. at 743. 88 Id. [J-36A-2024, J-36B-2024 and J-36C-2024] - 25 Kurtz lacked an expectation of privacy in the material he voluntarily shared while using the internet. | 2 | 2 |
Com. v. Kurtz, J.green2 sentences2025The court explained that, “[b]y typing in his search query and pressing enter, [Kurtz] affirmatively turned over the contents of his search to Google, a third party, and voluntarily 6 Id. at 516, 536 . 7 Id. at 522 . 8 Id. at 520 (citing Commonwealth v. Kane, 210 A.3d 324, 330 (Pa. Super. 2019)). 9 Id. (citing Commonwealth v. Pacheco, 263 A.3d 626 , 636, 636 n.10 (Pa. 2021)). 10 Id. at 521 (collecting cases). 2025The court explained that, “[b]y typing in his search query and pressing enter, [Kurtz] affirmatively turned over the contents of his search to Google, a third party, and voluntarily 6 Id. at 516, 536 . 7 Id. at 522 . 8 Id. at 520 (citing Commonwealth v. Kane, 210 A.3d 324, 330 (Pa. Super. 2019)). 9 Id. (citing Commonwealth v. Pacheco, 263 A.3d 626 , 636, 636 n.10 (Pa. 2021)). 10 Id. at 521 (collecting cases). | 2 | 2 |
Commonwealth v. Kanegreen2 sentences2025The court explained that, “[b]y typing in his search query and pressing enter, [Kurtz] affirmatively turned over the contents of his search to Google, a third party, and voluntarily 6 Id. at 516, 536 . 7 Id. at 522 . 8 Id. at 520 (citing Commonwealth v. Kane, 210 A.3d 324, 330 (Pa. Super. 2019)). 9 Id. (citing Commonwealth v. Pacheco, 263 A.3d 626 , 636, 636 n.10 (Pa. 2021)). 10 Id. at 521 (collecting cases). 2025The court explained that, “[b]y typing in his search query and pressing enter, [Kurtz] affirmatively turned over the contents of his search to Google, a third party, and voluntarily 6 Id. at 516, 536 . 7 Id. at 522 . 8 Id. at 520 (citing Commonwealth v. Kane, 210 A.3d 324, 330 (Pa. Super. 2019)). 9 Id. (citing Commonwealth v. Pacheco, 263 A.3d 626 , 636, 636 n.10 (Pa. 2021)). 10 Id. at 521 (collecting cases). | 2 | 2 |
Toy v. Metropolitan Life Insurancegreen2 sentences2014Co., 928 A.2d 186, 199 (Pa. 2007). . 2007Co., 928 A.2d 186, 199 (Pa.2007). | 2 | 2 |
Schweitzer v. Rockwell Internationalgreen2 sentences2002For example, in Schweitzer v. Rockwell International, 402 Pa.Super. 34 , 586 A.2d 383, 385 (1991), petition for allowance of appeal denied, 529 Pa. 635 , 600 A.2d 954 (1991), the Superior Court reversed a grant of summary judgment for the employer and held that, pursuant to Section 301(c)(1) of the Act, the employee was not required to pursue a remedy against her employer under the Workers' Compensation Act because the sexual harassment was personal in nature and not part of the proper employer/employee relationship. 2002For example, in Schweitzer v. Rockwell International, 402 Pa.Super. 34 , 586 A.2d 383, 385 (1991), petition for allowance of appeal denied, 529 Pa. 635 , 600 A.2d 954 (1991), the Superior Court reversed a grant of summary judgment for the employer and held that, pursuant to Section 301(c)(1) of the Act, the employee was not required to pursue a remedy against her employer under the Workers' Compensation Act because the sexual harassment was personal in nature and not part of the proper employer/employee relationship. | 2 | 2 |
Commonwealth v. Duncangreen2 sentences2023Commonwealth v. Duncan, - 10 - J-S10032-22 817 A.2d 455 , 462-63 (Pa. 2003); Commonwealth v. DeJohn, 403 A.2d 1283 , 1290-91 (Pa. 1979).8 The third-party doctrine has also been extended to computer files, electronic messages, and other digital records. 2023Commonwealth v. Duncan, - 10 - J-S10032-22 817 A.2d 455, 462-63 (Pa. 2003); Commonwealth v. DeJohn, 403 A.2d 1283, 1290-91 (Pa. 1979).8 The third-party doctrine has also been extended to computer files, electronic messages, and other digital records. | 1 | 3 |
Cowden v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co.green2 sentences2007See, e.g., Cowden, 134 A.2d at 223 ; D’Ambrosio, 431 A.2d at 966. 2007See, e.g., Cowden, 134 A.2d at 223 ; D'Ambrosio, 431 A.2d at 966. | 1 | 2 |
United States v. Alabigreen1 sentence2025The Fourth Amendment does not protect the information on cards, such as on Appellant’s EBT card or credit, debit, and gift cards that are “routinely read by private parties at gas stations, restaurants, and grocery stores.” U.S. v. Bah, 794 F.3d 617, 631 (6th Cir. 2015); see also United States v. Turner, 839 F.3d 429, 436 (5th Cir. 2016) (“[S]ociety does not recognize as reasonable an expectation of privacy in the information encoded in a gift card’s magnetic stripe.”); United States v. Briere de L’Isle, 825 F.3d 426, 432 (8th Cir. 2016) (“[T]he purpose of a credit, debit or gift card is to en | 1 | 1 |
United States v. Courtland Turnergreen1 sentence2025The Fourth Amendment does not protect the information on cards, such as on Appellant’s EBT card or credit, debit, and gift cards that are “routinely read by private parties at gas stations, restaurants, and grocery stores.” U.S. v. Bah, 794 F.3d 617, 631 (6th Cir. 2015); see also United States v. Turner, 839 F.3d 429, 436 (5th Cir. 2016) (“[S]ociety does not recognize as reasonable an expectation of privacy in the information encoded in a gift card’s magnetic stripe.”); United States v. Briere de L’Isle, 825 F.3d 426, 432 (8th Cir. 2016) (“[T]he purpose of a credit, debit or gift card is to en | 1 | 1 |
United States v. Eric-Arnaud Briere DE L'Islegreen1 sentence2025The Fourth Amendment does not protect the information on cards, such as on Appellant’s EBT card or credit, debit, and gift cards that are “routinely read by private parties at gas stations, restaurants, and grocery stores.” U.S. v. Bah, 794 F.3d 617, 631 (6th Cir. 2015); see also United States v. Turner, 839 F.3d 429, 436 (5th Cir. 2016) (“[S]ociety does not recognize as reasonable an expectation of privacy in the information encoded in a gift card’s magnetic stripe.”); United States v. Briere de L’Isle, 825 F.3d 426, 432 (8th Cir. 2016) (“[T]he purpose of a credit, debit or gift card is to en | 1 | 1 |
United States v. Mamadou Bahgreen1 sentence2025The Fourth Amendment does not protect the information on cards, such as on Appellant’s EBT card or credit, debit, and gift cards that are “routinely read by private parties at gas stations, restaurants, and grocery stores.” U.S. v. Bah, 794 F.3d 617, 631 (6th Cir. 2015); see also United States v. Turner, 839 F.3d 429, 436 (5th Cir. 2016) (“[S]ociety does not recognize as reasonable an expectation of privacy in the information encoded in a gift card’s magnetic stripe.”); United States v. Briere de L’Isle, 825 F.3d 426, 432 (8th Cir. 2016) (“[T]he purpose of a credit, debit or gift card is to en | 1 | 1 |
United States v. Scott Joseph Tradergreen2 sentences2023See Trader, 981 F.3d at 967-68; Morel, 922 F.3d at 9 . - 15 - J-S10032-22 Even if Appellant did have a constitutionally cognizable privacy interest in his searches of K.M.’s address, we would also find that the Google warrant was supported by probable cause. 2023See Trader, 981 F.3d at 967-68; Morel, 922 F.3d at 9 . - 15 - J-S10032-22 Even if Appellant did have a constitutionally cognizable privacy interest in his searches of K.M.’s address, we would also find that the Google warrant was supported by probable cause. | 1 | 1 |
Commonwealth v. DeJohngreen2 sentences2023Commonwealth v. Duncan, - 10 - J-S10032-22 817 A.2d 455 , 462-63 (Pa. 2003); Commonwealth v. DeJohn, 403 A.2d 1283 , 1290-91 (Pa. 1979).8 The third-party doctrine has also been extended to computer files, electronic messages, and other digital records. 2023Commonwealth v. Duncan, - 10 - J-S10032-22 817 A.2d 455, 462-63 (Pa. 2003); Commonwealth v. DeJohn, 403 A.2d 1283, 1290-91 (Pa. 1979).8 The third-party doctrine has also been extended to computer files, electronic messages, and other digital records. | 1 | 1 |
Commonwealth v. Rushinggreen1 sentence2021Brief for Appellant at 23 (citing Commonwealth v. Rushing, 71 A.3d 939, 947, 963 (Pa. Super. 2013), rev’d on other grounds, 99 A.3d 416 (Pa. 2014) (holding that under Article I, Section 8, the defendant has a legitimate expectation of privacy that the government would not surreptitiously track his real-time CSLI; thus, police are required to obtain a warrant supported by probable cause to acquire real-time CSLI)). | 1 | 1 |
| Myers v. Commercial Union Assurance Companiesgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Pressley v. Travelers Property Casualty Corp.green | 1 | 1 |
| Step-Saver Data Systems, Inc. v. Wyse Technology, the Software Link, Incgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Unionamerica Ins. Co., Ltd. v. JB JOHNSONgreen | 1 | 1 |
| D'AMBROSIO v. Pa. Nat. Mut. Cas. Ins. Co.green | 1 | 1 |
| Commonwealth v. Coongreen | 1 | 1 |
| Sheehan v. Cincinnati Shaper Co.green | 1 | 1 |
| Main Line Health, Inc. v. Pennsylvania Medical Professional Liability Catastrophe Loss Fundgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Miller v. Allstate Insurance Co.green | 1 | 1 |
| O'NEIL v. Henry's Riverside Marketgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Carlson v. Bubashgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Dunn v. Westbrookgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Nichols v. Kellergreen | 1 | 1 |
| Daugherty v. Runnergreen | 1 | 1 |
| Landis v. Huntgreen | 1 | 1 |
| cluster 315655green | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Pennsylvania. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Commonwealth v. Melilli
green
2 sentences2025That we chose not to follow the United States Supreme Court’s ruling in one circumstance—bank records—does not mean that we simultaneously and sub silentio eschewed the third-party doctrine in every conceivable circumstance. 101 Id. at 1290. 102 Burrows, 529 P.2d at 596 . 103 Melilli, 555 A.2d at 1258 (quoting Commonwealth v. Beauford, 475 A.2d 783, 790 (Pa. Super. 1984)). 104 Id. [J-36A-2024, J-36B-2024 and J-36C-2024] - 28 limited to “telephone communications,” which, as a matter of state constitutional law, “are regarded as private.” 105 DeJohn and Melilli are distinguishable from the insta 2025Not long after DeJohn, this Court, in Commonwealth v. Melilli, 555 A.2d 1254 (Pa. 1989), addressed the second in the duo of the High Court’s third-party doctrine cases, Smith v. Maryland, 442 U.S. 735, 749 (1979), where the High Court held that installation of a pen register—a device used to collect a record of telephone numbers dialed by a particular telephone number—was not a Fourth Amendment search because callers voluntarily convey numerical information to the telephone company and expose that information in the ordinary course of business. | 4 | 2025–2025 |
Lochner v. New York
red
2 sentences2025REV. 561 (2009) (referring to the third-party doctrine as “the [Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905)] of search and seizure law”). 2025REV. 561 (2009) (referring to the third-party doctrine as “the [Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905)] of search and seizure law”). | 2 | 2025–2025 |
Burrows v. Superior Court
green
2 sentences2025That we chose not to follow the United States Supreme Court’s ruling in one circumstance—bank records—does not mean that we simultaneously and sub silentio eschewed the third-party doctrine in every conceivable circumstance. 101 Id. at 1290. 102 Burrows, 529 P.2d at 596 . 103 Melilli, 555 A.2d at 1258 (quoting Commonwealth v. Beauford, 475 A.2d 783, 790 (Pa. Super. 1984)). 104 Id. [J-36A-2024, J-36B-2024 and J-36C-2024] - 28 limited to “telephone communications,” which, as a matter of state constitutional law, “are regarded as private.” 105 DeJohn and Melilli are distinguishable from the insta 2025That we chose not to follow the United States Supreme Court’s ruling in one circumstance—bank records—does not mean that we simultaneously and sub silentio eschewed the third-party doctrine in every conceivable circumstance. 101 Id. at 1290. 102 Burrows, 529 P.2d at 596 . 103 Melilli, 555 A.2d at 1258 (quoting Commonwealth v. Beauford, 475 A.2d 783, 790 (Pa. Super. 1984)). 104 Id. [J-36A-2024, J-36B-2024 and J-36C-2024] - 28 limited to “telephone communications,” which, as a matter of state constitutional law, “are regarded as private.” 105 DeJohn and Melilli are distinguishable from the insta | 2 | 2025–2025 |
United States v. New York Telephone Co.
green
2 sentences2025Co., 434 U.S. 159 , 161 n.1 (1977). 40 Smith, 442 U.S. at 737. 41 Id. at 742. 42 Id. at 743. 43 Id. 44 Id. at 743-44. [J-36A-2024, J-36B-2024 and J-36C-2024] - 12 First came United States v. Jones, in which the Court, relying upon trespass principles, held that attaching a GPS device to a vehicle and using satellite technology to track the operator’s movements in that vehicle constituted a “search” under the Fourth Amendment. 45 Justice Sotomayor joined the Court’s opinion, but authored a concurring opinion that planted the seeds for what the third-party doctrine has since become. 2025Co., 434 U.S. 159 , 161 n.1 (1977). 40 Smith, 442 U.S. at 737. 41 Id. at 742. 42 Id. at 743. 43 Id. 44 Id. at 743-44. [J-36A-2024, J-36B-2024 and J-36C-2024] - 12 First came United States v. Jones, in which the Court, relying upon trespass principles, held that attaching a GPS device to a vehicle and using satellite technology to track the operator’s movements in that vehicle constituted a “search” under the Fourth Amendment. 45 Justice Sotomayor joined the Court’s opinion, but authored a concurring opinion that planted the seeds for what the third-party doctrine has since become. | 2 | 2025–2025 |
Gradwell v. Strausser
green
2 sentences1995See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6301 et seq.; Gradwell, supra, 416 Pa.Super. 118 , 610 A.2d 999 ; Helsel, supra, 359 Pa.Super. 487 , 519 A.2d 456 . 1993The court concluded that a grandparent is a third party and that the “appropriate manner for a third party to challenge child custody is through dependency proceedings, set forth in the Judicial Code.” Id. | 2 | 1993–1995 |
Growth Horizons, Inc. v. Workers' Compensation Appeal Board
green
1 sentence2024In Growth Horizons, Inc., 767 A.2d 619 , our Court considered whether the Board erred when it directed the claimant to pay the employer only a portion of the subrogation lien owed, when the employer’s adjuster initially mistakenly calculated the amount of the lien, on which the claimant relied to settle a third-party claim. | 1 | 2024–2024 |
Dittman, B., Aplt. v. UPMC
green
2 sentences2023Franczyk derives from Dittman the more sweeping proposition that “an employer has a duty to protect and preserve the interests of its employees”—here, an employee’s interests in a third-party claim arising out of a workplace injury.39 36 See Franczyk’s Br. at 13-25. 37 In doing so, Franczyk appears to concede by implication that, if her claim arises from the workplace injury as such, then Defendants are protected by WCA exclusivity. 38 196 A.3d 1036 (Pa. 2018). 39 Franczyk’s Br. at 13. 2023Specifically, Franczyk argues: [T]his Honorable Court specifically held in Dittman that “[c]ommon law duties stated in general terms are framed in such fashion for the very reason that they have broad-scale application.” Dittman, 196 A.3d at 1046 . . . . | 1 | 2023–2023 |
United States v. Morel
green
2 sentences2023See Trader, 981 F.3d at 967-68; Morel, 922 F.3d at 9 . - 15 - J-S10032-22 Even if Appellant did have a constitutionally cognizable privacy interest in his searches of K.M.’s address, we would also find that the Google warrant was supported by probable cause. 2023See Trader, 981 F.3d at 967-68; Morel, 922 F.3d at 9 . - 15 - J-S10032-22 Even if Appellant did have a constitutionally cognizable privacy interest in his searches of K.M.’s address, we would also find that the Google warrant was supported by probable cause. | 1 | 2023–2023 |
Harmon v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review
green
1 sentence2023Bd. of Rev., 207 A.3d 292 , 310 n.1 (Pa. 2019) (Wecht, J., concurring) (discussing Bryan Garner’s identification of the usage’s potential French origin in Bryan A. Garner, A DICTIONARY OF MODERN LEGAL USAGE (2d. ed. 1995)). [J-62-2022] - 3 indemnity shall be expressly provided for in a written contract entered into by the party alleged to be liable prior to the date of the occurrence which gave rise to the action.7 Defendants contended that, because Franczyk’s injury occurred in the course of her employment, Section 481 bars her claim notwithstanding Defendants’ failure, if any, to act more di | 1 | 2023–2023 |
Moss Rehab v. White
green
2 sentences2022Just as the General Assembly oversees the licensure of drivers, "[t]he General Assembly is best able to address the competing public policy issues that must be reconciled with regard to recognizing a third-party claim for educational malpractice by a driving school" Moss Rehab, supra at 909 . 2. 2022Just as the General Assembly oversees the licensure of drivers, "[t]he General Assembly is best able to address the competing public policy issues that must be reconciled with regard to recognizing a third-party claim for educational malpractice by a driving school" Moss Rehab, supra at 909 . 2. | 1 | 2022–2022 |
| Commonwealth, Aplt. v. Rushing, R. green | 1 | 2021–2021 |
| Terletsky v. Prudential Property & Casualty Insurance green | 1 | 2019–2019 |
| Cullen v. PA. PROPERTY AND CAS. INS. GUAR. ASS'N green | 1 | 2019–2019 |
| Zappile v. AMEX Assurance Co. green | 1 | 2019–2019 |
| Riley v. Cal. United States green | 1 | 2019–2019 |
| Seebold v. Prison Health Services, Inc. green | 1 | 2014–2014 |
| Emerich v. Philadelphia Center for Human Development, Inc. green | 1 | 2013–2013 |
| Warner v. Continental/CNA Insurance Companies green | 1 | 2011–2011 |
| Frey v. Beaver County Tax Claim Bureau neutral | 1 | 2011–2011 |
| Gruenberg v. Aetna Insurance green | 1 | 2007–2007 |
| Commonwealth v. Smith green | 1 | 2006–2006 |
| Berkebile v. Brantly Helicopter Corp. green | 1 | 2005–2005 |
| Main Line Health, Inc. v. Pennsylvania Medical Professional Liability Catastrophe Loss Fund neutral | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| Main Line Health, Inc. v. Pennsylvania Medical Professional Liability Catastrophe Loss Fund neutral | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| Birth Center v. St. Paul Companies, Inc. green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| Bonenberger v. Nationwide Mutual Insurance green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| Birth Center v. St. Paul Companies, Inc. green | 1 | 2003–2003 |
| Shearer v. Reed green | 1 | 2002–2002 |
| Hickman v. Taylor green | 1 | 1999–1999 |
| Helsel v. Blair County Children & Youth Services green | 1 | 1995–1995 |
| MIN. & MISSION. BEN. BD. v. Goldsworthy red | 1 | 1992–1992 |
| New Home Federal Savings & Loan Ass'n v. Trunk green | 1 | 1992–1992 |
| Zakian v. LILJESTRAND green | 1 | 1989–1989 |
| United National Insurance v. M. London, Inc. green | 1 | 1989–1989 |
| O'BARTO v. Glossers Stores, Inc. green | 1 | 1989–1989 |
| Cleland Simpson Co. v. Workmen's Compensation Appeal Board green | 1 | 1975–1975 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.