third-party doctrine (Iowa) · Go Syfert
← Iowa issues

third-party doctrine in Iowa

27 Iowa opinions name it 2 courts 1961–2024 5 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Iowa courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (18)

CaseFollowedCited
Carpenter v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 2018 · cited in 3 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021Meanwhile, Justice Gorsuch sought to go further than the majority in its limitations on the third-party doctrine in his dissent, arguing the third-party doctrine was altogether “horribly wrong.” Id. at ___, 138 S. Ct. at 2262 (Gorsuch, J., dissenting) 81 (quoting Orin S. Kerr, The Case for the Third-Party Doctrine, 107 Mich. L.

2021Meanwhile, Justice Gorsuch sought to go further than the majority in its limitations on the third-party doctrine in his dissent, arguing the third-party doctrine was altogether “horribly wrong.” Id. at ___, 138 S. Ct. at 2262 (Gorsuch, J., dissenting) 81 (quoting Orin S. Kerr, The Case for the Third-Party Doctrine, 107 Mich. L.

33
United States v. Millerred
scotus · 1976 · cited in 3 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021Smith, 442 U.S. at 743–44, 99 S. Ct. at 2582; United States v. Miller, 425 U.S. 435, 443 , 96 S. Ct. 1619, 1624 (1976).

2021Smith, 442 U.S. at 743–44, 99 S. Ct. at 2582; United States v. Miller, 425 U.S. 435, 443 , 96 S. Ct. 1619, 1624 (1976).

33
Smith v. Marylandred
scotus · 1979 · cited in 3 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021Carpenter, 585 U.S. at ___ , 138 S. Ct. at 2216 (quoting Smith v. Maryland, 442 U.S. 735 , 743–44, 99 S. Ct. 2577, 2582 (1979)).

2021Carpenter, 585 U.S. at ___ , 138 S. Ct. at 2216 (quoting Smith v. Maryland, 442 U.S. 735 , 743–44, 99 S. Ct. 2577, 2582 (1979)).

33
Brody v. Rubygreen
iowa · 1978 · cited in 3 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 2003–2014
2 sentences

2014See Brody v. Ruby, 267 N.W.2d 902, 906 (Iowa 1978); accord Restatement (Third) of the Law Governing Lawyers § 51(3), at 357 (2000) [hereinafter Restatement Governing Lawyers]; see also Estate of Leonard v. Swift, 656 N.W.2d 132, 145 (Iowa 2003) (indicating a third-party claim exists when “the third party is a direct and intended beneficiary of the lawyer’s services” (internal quotation marks omitted)).

2014See Brody v. Ruby, 267 N.W.2d 902, 906 (Iowa 1978); accord Restatement (Third) of the Law Governing Lawyers § 51(3), at 357 (2000) [hereinafter Restatement Governing Lawyers]; see also Estate of Leonard v. Swift, 656 N.W.2d 132, 145 (Iowa *841 2003) (indicating a third-party claim exists when “the third party is a direct and intended beneficiary of the lawyer’s services” (internal quotation marks omitted)).

23
State, Department of Human Services Ex Rel. Palmer v. Unisys Corp.green
iowa · 2001 · cited in 2 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024Id. at 147, 149 .

2024Id. at 147, 149 .

22
Estate of Leonard, Ex Rel., Palmer v. Swiftgreen
iowa · 2003 · cited in 2 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
2 sentences

2014See Brody v. Ruby, 267 N.W.2d 902, 906 (Iowa 1978); accord Restatement (Third) of the Law Governing Lawyers § 51(3), at 357 (2000) [hereinafter Restatement Governing Lawyers]; see also Estate of Leonard v. Swift, 656 N.W.2d 132, 145 (Iowa 2003) (indicating a third-party claim exists when “the third party is a direct and intended beneficiary of the lawyer’s services” (internal quotation marks omitted)).

2014See Brody v. Ruby, 267 N.W.2d 902, 906 (Iowa 1978); accord Restatement (Third) of the Law Governing Lawyers § 51(3), at 357 (2000) [hereinafter Restatement Governing Lawyers]; see also Estate of Leonard v. Swift, 656 N.W.2d 132, 145 (Iowa *841 2003) (indicating a third-party claim exists when “the third party is a direct and intended beneficiary of the lawyer’s services” (internal quotation marks omitted)).

22
Kooyman Ex Rel. Kooyman v. Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Co.green
iowa · 1982 · cited in 2 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 1982–1984
2 sentences

1984Kooyman v. Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Co., 315 N.W.2d 30, 33 (Iowa 1982).

1984Kooyman v. Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Co., 315 N.W.2d 30, 33 (Iowa 1982).

22
Ashmead v. Harrisgreen
iowa · 1983 · cited in 2 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 1995–2004
2 sentences

2004Id. at 200-01 (citations omitted).

1995Id.

12
Venard v. Wintergreen
iowa · 1994 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
2 sentences

2018Nevertheless, “a successful party need not cross-appeal to preserve error on a ground urged but ignored or rejected by the district court.” Venard v. Winter, 524 N.W.2d 163, 165 (Iowa 1994).

2018Nevertheless, "a successful party need not cross-appeal to preserve error on a ground urged but ignored or rejected by the district court." Venard v. Winter , 524 N.W.2d 163 , 165 (Iowa 1994).

11
Summy v. City of Des Moinesgreen
iowa · 2006 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
1 sentence

2015See Summy v. City of Des Moines, 708 N.W.2d 333, 340 (Iowa 2006), but see Tamco 5 Third-party defendant Fieldstone did not join in the settlement; following a bench trial, Westlake’s litigation with Fieldstone resulted in a judgment in Westlake’s favor for $253,000. 7 Pork II, LLC v. Heartland Co-op, No. 14-0412, 2015 WL 4481571, at *2-5 (Iowa Ct. App. July 22, 2015) (“There is a lurking inconsistency in our law regarding the scrutiny applied to the district court’s refusal to give a requested jury instruction.”).

11
Tamco Pork II, LLC and Farm Bureau Insurance Company, as Subrogee of Tamco Pork II, LLC v. Heartland Co-Op and Pro Build, LLCgreen
iowactapp · 2015 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
1 sentence

2015See Summy v. City of Des Moines, 708 N.W.2d 333, 340 (Iowa 2006), but see Tamco 5 Third-party defendant Fieldstone did not join in the settlement; following a bench trial, Westlake’s litigation with Fieldstone resulted in a judgment in Westlake’s favor for $253,000. 7 Pork II, LLC v. Heartland Co-op, No. 14-0412, 2015 WL 4481571, at *2-5 (Iowa Ct. App. July 22, 2015) (“There is a lurking inconsistency in our law regarding the scrutiny applied to the district court’s refusal to give a requested jury instruction.”).

11
Holsapple v. McGrathgreen
iowa · 1998 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
1 sentence

2003Similarly, we have recognized a third-party claim by the intended beneficiary of a nontestamentary instrument where the third party can prove (1) he or she “was specifically identified, by the donor, as an object of the grantor’s intent; and (2) the expectancy was lost or diminished as a result of professional negligence.” Holsapple v. McGrath, 575 N.W.2d 518, 520 (Iowa 1998) (citing Holsapple I, 521 N.W.2d at 714 ).

11
State Farm Fire and Casualty Company, Cross-Appellant v. George Balmer and Margaret Balmer, Cross-Appelleesgreen
ca11 · 1990 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
1 sentence

1995Co., 471 N.W.2d 824, 828 (Iowa 1991) (in a first-party bad-faith claim, “the insurer has no clearly defined duty of investigation [as in a third-party claim] and may require the insured to present adequate proof of loss before paying the claim.”) (citation omitted); see also State Farm Fire & Casualty Co. v. Balmer, 891 F.2d 874, 877-78 (11th Cir.1990) (under Alabama law once insurer finds arguable reason to deny claim it has no affirmative duty to investigate further) (citations omitted).

11
North Iowa State Bank v. Allied Mutual Insurance Co.green
iowa · 1991 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
1 sentence

1995Co., 471 N.W.2d 824, 828 (Iowa 1991) (in a first-party bad-faith claim, “the insurer has no clearly defined duty of investigation [as in a third-party claim] and may require the insured to present adequate proof of loss before paying the claim.”) (citation omitted); see also State Farm Fire & Casualty Co. v. Balmer, 891 F.2d 874, 877-78 (11th Cir.1990) (under Alabama law once insurer finds arguable reason to deny claim it has no affirmative duty to investigate further) (citations omitted).

11
Flintkote Company v. Brewer Co. of Florida, Inc.green
fladistctapp · 1969 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 1988–1988
1 sentence

1988See, e.g., Flintkote Co. v. Brewer Co., 221 So.2d 784 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1969); County of Giles v. First U.S. Corp., 445 S.W.2d 157 (Tenn. 1969); Comment, Contracts.

11
Dockendorf v. Lakiegreen
minn · 1953 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 1986–1986
2 sentences

1986Allocation of the separate amounts could be done in the settlement documents, as in this case. 2 In the case of trial it could be done by special interrogatories, Westendorf 330 N.W.2d at 702; Dockendorf v. Lakie, 240 Minn. 441, 448 , 61 N.W.2d 752, 756-57 (1953), or by separate findings by the court in a nonjury case.

1986Allocation of the separate amounts could be done in the settlement documents, as in this case. 2 In the case of trial it could be done by special interrogatories, Westendorf 330 N.W.2d at 702; Dockendorf v. Lakie, 240 Minn. 441, 448 , 61 N.W.2d 752, 756-57 (1953), or by separate findings by the court in a nonjury case.

11
Anderson v. Continental Insurancegreen
wis · 1978 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 1984–1984
2 sentences

1984He cites Anderson v. Continental Insurance Co., 85 Wis.2d 675, 687 , 271 N.W.2d 368, 374-75 (1978) as supporting the analogy between the two types of insurance claims.

1984He cites Anderson v. Continental Insurance Co., 85 Wis.2d 675, 687 , 271 N.W.2d 368, 374-75 (1978) as supporting the analogy between the two types of insurance claims.

11
Evans v. Howard R. Green Co.green
iowa · 1975 · cited in 1 Iowa opinions naming this issue, 1984–1984
2 sentences

1984Green Co., 231 N.W.2d 907, 916 (Iowa 1975).

1984Green Co., 231 N.W.2d 907, 916 (Iowa 1975).

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Iowa. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (17)

CaseCitedYears
United States v. Knotts green
scotus · 1983
2 sentences

2021The Court remarked this sophisticated level of surveillance deserved unique protections compared to past types of surveillance that have been upheld as constitutional under the third-party doctrine, such as the placing of a beeper in a container to augment visual surveillance in tracking a vehicle through traffic, United States v. Knotts, 460 U.S. 276 , 103 S. Ct. 1081 (1983).

2021The Court remarked this sophisticated level of surveillance deserved unique protections compared to past types of surveillance that have been upheld as constitutional under the third-party doctrine, such as the placing of a beeper in a container to augment visual surveillance in tracking a vehicle through traffic, United States v. Knotts, 460 U.S. 276 , 103 S. Ct. 1081 (1983).

32021–2021
California v. Greenwood green
scotus · 1988
2 sentences

2021The Supreme Court’s holding in Greenwood was not simply based on the third-party doctrine, as the Court also focused on the fact that the respondent had discarded his garbage, thereby abandoning any privacy expectation in its contents. 486 U.S. at 43–44, 108 S. Ct. at 1630–31.

2021The Supreme Court’s holding in Greenwood was not simply based on the third-party doctrine, as the Court also focused on the fact that the respondent had discarded his garbage, thereby abandoning any privacy expectation in its contents. 486 U.S. at 43–44, 108 S. Ct. at 1630–31.

32021–2021
Ruden v. Jenk green
iowa · 1996
2 sentences

2003Notwithstanding these concerns, this court has recognized that a third-party claim may be allowed “under severely limited circumstances.” Ruden, 543 N.W.2d at 610 .

2003In the Ruden case, which is more analogous to the matter before us, this court considered the extent of the duty owed to nonclients by the attorney for the administrator of an estate. 543 N.W.2d at 610-11 .

12003–2003
Holsapple v. McGrath green
iowa · 1994
1 sentence

2003Similarly, we have recognized a third-party claim by the intended beneficiary of a nontestamentary instrument where the third party can prove (1) he or she “was specifically identified, by the donor, as an object of the grantor’s intent; and (2) the expectancy was lost or diminished as a result of professional negligence.” Holsapple v. McGrath, 575 N.W.2d 518, 520 (Iowa 1998) (citing Holsapple I, 521 N.W.2d at 714 ).

12003–2003
Pirkl v. Northwestern Mutual Insurance Ass'n green
iowa · 1984
1 sentence

1991In a first-party action, the “insurer has no clearly defined duty of investigation [as in a third-party claim] and may require the insured to present adequate proof of loss before paying the claim.” Id.

11991–1991
Ludwig v. Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Co. green
iowa · 1986
1 sentence

1990Id. at 146 .

11990–1990
Khabbaz v. Swartz green
iowa · 1982
1 sentence

1988In this appeal, both parties focus their arguments on the Restatement language discussed in Khabbaz v. Swartz, 319 N.W. 2d 279 (Iowa 1982).

11988–1988
County of Giles v. FIRST US CORPORATION green
tenn · 1969
1 sentence

1988See, e.g., Flintkote Co. v. Brewer Co., 221 So.2d 784 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1969); County of Giles v. First U.S. Corp., 445 S.W.2d 157 (Tenn. 1969); Comment, Contracts.

11988–1988
Donohue v. Copiague Union Free School District green
ny · 1979
2 sentences

1986We agree with the New York Court of Appeals’ observation that although it may assume too much to conclude that proximate causation could never be established, that “this element might indeed be difficult, if not impossible to prove.” Donohue, 47 N.Y.2d at 443 , 418 N.Y.S.2d at 377 , 391 N.E.2d at 1353-54 .

1986We agree with the New York Court of Appeals’ observation that although it may assume too much to conclude that proximate causation could never be established, that “this element might indeed be difficult, if not impossible to prove.” Donohue, 47 N.Y.2d at 443 , 418 N.Y.S.2d at 377 , 391 N.E.2d at 1353-54 .

11986–1986
Koppie v. Allied Mutual Insurance Co. green
iowa · 1973
1 sentence

1982Kooyman v. Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Co., 315 N.W.2d 30, 33-34 (Iowa 1982); Koppie v. Allied Mutual Insurance Co., 210 N.W.2d 844 , 846 — 48 (Iowa 1973). 3 The second is the tort of intentional infliction of emotional distress, which may arise from an insurer’s conduct in handling the claim of an insured.

11982–1982
Brett v. Brett neutral
iowa · 1921
1 sentence

1979Although there have been instances where this court has considered the merits of a third party challenge to a divorce decree, Brett v. Brett, 191 Iowa 262 , 182 N.W. 241 (1921), when directly confronted with the issue of third party standing regarding divorces, we have not allowed such an attack.

11979–1979
Albert v. Dietz green
hid · 1968
2 sentences

1973A similar declaration appears in Albert v. Dietz (D.C., Haw.1968), 283 F.Supp. 854, 857 , where a defendant sought to im-plead a county to obtain contribution for alleged negligence but failed to do so within the six-month statutory limit under a statute which provided that “the persons so injured * * * or someone in his behalf, shall, within six months after such injuries are received, give the chairman of the board of supervisors notice in writing of such injuries * * * ”.

1973A similar declaration appears in Albert v. Dietz (D.C., Haw.1968), 283 F.Supp. 854, 857 , where a defendant sought to implead a county to obtain contribution for alleged negligence but failed to do so within the six-month statutory limit under a statute which provided that "the persons so injured * * * or someone in his behalf, shall, within six months after such injuries are received, give the chairman of the board of supervisors notice in writing of such injuries * * *".

11973–1973
Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railroad Company, and Third-Party v. City of Fond Du Lac, Third-Party green
ca3 · 1961
11973–1973
Bedell v. Reagan green
me · 1963
11967–1967
Allied Mutual Casualty Company v. Long green
iowa · 1961
11962–1962
Burnett v. Agent neutral
ark · 1957
11961–1961
Dart Transit Co., Inc. v. Wiggins green
illappct · 1954
11961–1961

Statutes the citing opinions construe

IA § Iowa Code § 2.6 (5) IA § Iowa Code § 1.15 (3) IA § Iowa Code § 10.10 (3) IA § Iowa Code § 2.1 (3) IA § Iowa Code § 364.1 (3) IA § Iowa Code § 455B.307A (3) IA § Iowa Code § 714.2 (3) IA § Iowa Code § 804.11 (3) IA § Iowa Code § 804.15 (3) IA § Iowa Code § 804.7 (3) IA § Iowa Code § 805.1 (3) IA § Iowa Code § 903.1 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

NY 269 (1900–2026) CA 232 (1921–2026) TX 175 (1972–2026) IL 137 (1907–2026) MD 68 (1962–2023) FL 59 (1965–2022) LA 53 (1959–2025) NJ 52 (1959–2025) PA 48 (1975–2025) MO 44 (1961–2022) OR 44 (1970–2024) MI 42 (1969–2025) MA 42 (1972–2026) AZ 36 (1957–2025) WA 36 (1928–2026) VA 34 (1946–2025) NM 31 (1968–2020) WI 31 (1942–2025) OH 30 (1983–2026) GA 29 (1917–2025) AL 28 (1915–2014) IA 27 (1961–2024) IN 26 (1979–2020) CO 24 (1973–2025) TN 21 (1975–2026) WV 21 (1986–2017) NE 20 (1919–2024) NC 20 (1977–2024) MT 20 (1943–2019) CT 20 (1990–2026) MN 19 (1933–2026) SC 18 (1984–2022) WY 16 (1985–2026) UT 16 (1976–2026) DE 15 (1968–2025) MS 14 (1963–2025) ND 14 (1973–2022) KY 13 (1978–2023) AR 13 (1919–2014) OK 12 (1955–2024) HI 12 (1972–2026) DC 12 (1983–2021) ME 11 (1982–2023) KS 9 (1980–2025) RI 8 (1997–2023) AK 7 (1979–2024) NV 7 (1950–2015) VT 5 (2000–2026) ID 5 (1936–2015) NH 5 (1974–2010) SD 3 (1958–2015) PR 2 (1964–1986) VI 2 (2017–2026)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

← Caselaw search · G Cite Topics · Brief Check