third-party doctrine (Indiana) · Go Syfert
← Indiana issues

third-party doctrine in Indiana

26 Indiana opinions name it 2 courts 1979–2020 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Indiana courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (22)

CaseFollowedCited
Menefee v. Schurrgreen
indctapp · 2001 · cited in 2 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2003–2005
2 sentences

2005Notwithstanding the pronouncements made in Erie, this court has made the following observations with regard to an insurer's duty in a third party context: While Indiana law recognizes a legal duty implied in all insurance contracts for an insurer to deal in good faith with its insured, ... this duty of good faith does not apply to an insurer's dealings with a claimant in a third party claim. *44 Menefee v. Schurr, 751 N.E.2d 757, 760 (Ind.Ct.App.2001), trans. denied (2002); see Cromer v. Sefton, 471 N.E.2d 700, 703 (Ind.Ct.App.1984) (there is no duty or fiduciary relation running from the insu

2005Menefee v. Schurr, 751 N.E.2d 757, 760 (Ind.Ct.App.2001), trans. denied (2002); see Cromer v. Sefton, 471 N.E.2d 700, 703 (Ind.Ct.App.1984) (there is no duty or fiduciary relation running from the insurer to the injured plaintiff.

22
Smith v. Marylandred
scotus · 1979 · cited in 2 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2017–2019
2 sentences

2019The third-party doctrine recognizes that "a person has no legitimate expectation of privacy in information he voluntarily turns over to third parties." Smith v. Maryland , 442 U.S. 735 , 743-44, 99 S.Ct. 2577 , 61 L.Ed.2d 220 (1979).

2019The third-party doctrine recognizes that "a person has no legitimate expectation of privacy in information he voluntarily turns over to third parties." Smith v. Maryland , 442 U.S. 735 , 743-44, 99 S.Ct. 2577 , 61 L.Ed.2d 220 (1979).

12
People v. DeLairegreen
illappct · 1993 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017See People v. Blair, 25 Cal.3d 640 , 159 Cal.Rptr. 818 , 602 P.2d 738, 747-48 (Cal. 1979) (en banc); Charnes v. DiGiacomo, 200 Colo. 94 , 612 P.2d 1117, 1120-21 (1980) (en banc); Shaktman v. State, 553 So.2d 148, 151 (Fla. 1989); State v. Walton, 324 P.3d 876, 906-08 (Haw. 2014); State v. Thompson, 114 Idaho 746 , 760 P.2d 1162, 1167 (1988); People v. DeLaire, 240 Ill.App.3d 1012 , 183 Ill.Dec. 33 , 610 N.E.2d 1277, 1282 (Ill.

2017See People v. Blair, 602 P.2d 738 , 747–48 (Cal. 1979) (en banc); Charnes v. DiGiacomo, 612 P.2d 1117 , 1120–21 (Colo. 1980) (en banc); Shaktman v. State, 553 So. 2d 148, 151 (Fla. 1989); State v. Walton, 324 P.3d 876 , 906–08 (Haw. 2014); State v. Thompson, 760 P.2d 1162, 1167 (Idaho 1988); People v. DeLaire, 610 N.E.2d 1277, 1282 (Ill.

11
United States v. Wheelergreen
wied · 2016 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017See United States v. Wheeler, 169 F.Supp.3d 896, 910-11 (E.D.

2017See United States v. Wheeler, 169 F. Supp. 3d 896 , 910–11 (E.D.

11
State v. Thompsongreen
idaho · 1988 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017See People v. Blair, 25 Cal.3d 640 , 159 Cal.Rptr. 818 , 602 P.2d 738, 747-48 (Cal. 1979) (en banc); Charnes v. DiGiacomo, 200 Colo. 94 , 612 P.2d 1117, 1120-21 (1980) (en banc); Shaktman v. State, 553 So.2d 148, 151 (Fla. 1989); State v. Walton, 324 P.3d 876, 906-08 (Haw. 2014); State v. Thompson, 114 Idaho 746 , 760 P.2d 1162, 1167 (1988); People v. DeLaire, 240 Ill.App.3d 1012 , 183 Ill.Dec. 33 , 610 N.E.2d 1277, 1282 (Ill.

2017See People v. Blair, 602 P.2d 738 , 747–48 (Cal. 1979) (en banc); Charnes v. DiGiacomo, 612 P.2d 1117 , 1120–21 (Colo. 1980) (en banc); Shaktman v. State, 553 So. 2d 148, 151 (Fla. 1989); State v. Walton, 324 P.3d 876 , 906–08 (Haw. 2014); State v. Thompson, 760 P.2d 1162, 1167 (Idaho 1988); People v. DeLaire, 610 N.E.2d 1277, 1282 (Ill.

11
Katz v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1967 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017See Smith, 442 U.S. at 743-44 , 99 S.Ct. 2577 (relying on the Katz test for the proposition that one “has no legitimate expectation of privacy in information he voluntarily turns over to third parties” (citing Katz, 389 U.S. at 361 , 88 S.Ct. 507 )).

2017See Smith, 442 U.S. at 743-44 , 99 S.Ct. 2577 (relying on the Katz test for the proposition that one “has no legitimate expectation of privacy in information he voluntarily turns over to third parties” (citing Katz, 389 U.S. at 361 , 88 S.Ct. 507 )).

11
Charnes v. DiGiacomogreen
· 1980 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017See People v. Blair, 25 Cal.3d 640 , 159 Cal.Rptr. 818 , 602 P.2d 738, 747-48 (Cal. 1979) (en banc); Charnes v. DiGiacomo, 200 Colo. 94 , 612 P.2d 1117, 1120-21 (1980) (en banc); Shaktman v. State, 553 So.2d 148, 151 (Fla. 1989); State v. Walton, 324 P.3d 876, 906-08 (Haw. 2014); State v. Thompson, 114 Idaho 746 , 760 P.2d 1162, 1167 (1988); People v. DeLaire, 240 Ill.App.3d 1012 , 183 Ill.Dec. 33 , 610 N.E.2d 1277, 1282 (Ill.

2017See People v. Blair, 602 P.2d 738 , 747–48 (Cal. 1979) (en banc); Charnes v. DiGiacomo, 612 P.2d 1117 , 1120–21 (Colo. 1980) (en banc); Shaktman v. State, 553 So. 2d 148, 151 (Fla. 1989); State v. Walton, 324 P.3d 876 , 906–08 (Haw. 2014); State v. Thompson, 760 P.2d 1162, 1167 (Idaho 1988); People v. DeLaire, 610 N.E.2d 1277, 1282 (Ill.

11
Marcus Zanders v. State of Indianagreen
indctapp · 2016 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017Id. at 265 .

2017Id. at 268 (Kirsch, J., dissenting).

11
Shaktman v. Stategreen
fla · 1989 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017See People v. Blair, 25 Cal.3d 640 , 159 Cal.Rptr. 818 , 602 P.2d 738, 747-48 (Cal. 1979) (en banc); Charnes v. DiGiacomo, 200 Colo. 94 , 612 P.2d 1117, 1120-21 (1980) (en banc); Shaktman v. State, 553 So.2d 148, 151 (Fla. 1989); State v. Walton, 324 P.3d 876, 906-08 (Haw. 2014); State v. Thompson, 114 Idaho 746 , 760 P.2d 1162, 1167 (1988); People v. DeLaire, 240 Ill.App.3d 1012 , 183 Ill.Dec. 33 , 610 N.E.2d 1277, 1282 (Ill.

2017See People v. Blair, 602 P.2d 738 , 747–48 (Cal. 1979) (en banc); Charnes v. DiGiacomo, 612 P.2d 1117 , 1120–21 (Colo. 1980) (en banc); Shaktman v. State, 553 So. 2d 148, 151 (Fla. 1989); State v. Walton, 324 P.3d 876 , 906–08 (Haw. 2014); State v. Thompson, 760 P.2d 1162, 1167 (Idaho 1988); People v. DeLaire, 610 N.E.2d 1277, 1282 (Ill.

11
United States v. Aaron Grahamgreen
ca4 · 2016 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017United States v. Carpenter, 819 F.3d 880 (6th Cir. 2016), petition for cert. filed (U.S. Sept. 26, 2016) (No. 16-402); United States v. Graham, 824 F.3d 421 (4th Cir. 2016) (en banc), petition for cert. filed (U.S. Sept. 26, 2016) (No. 16-6308). 3 Even in circuits that have not yet weighed in, district courts have.

2017See United States v. Graham, 824 F.3d 421 (4th Cir. 2016) (en banc); In re Application of U.S. for Historical Cell Site Data, 724 F.3d 600 (5th Cir. 2013); United States v. Carpenter, 819 F.3d 880 (6th Cir. 2016); United States v. Davis, 785 F.3d 498 (11th Cir. 2015) (en banc).

11
State v. Walton.green
haw · 2014 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017See People v. Blair, 25 Cal.3d 640 , 159 Cal.Rptr. 818 , 602 P.2d 738, 747-48 (Cal. 1979) (en banc); Charnes v. DiGiacomo, 200 Colo. 94 , 612 P.2d 1117, 1120-21 (1980) (en banc); Shaktman v. State, 553 So.2d 148, 151 (Fla. 1989); State v. Walton, 324 P.3d 876, 906-08 (Haw. 2014); State v. Thompson, 114 Idaho 746 , 760 P.2d 1162, 1167 (1988); People v. DeLaire, 240 Ill.App.3d 1012 , 183 Ill.Dec. 33 , 610 N.E.2d 1277, 1282 (Ill.

2017See People v. Blair, 602 P.2d 738 , 747–48 (Cal. 1979) (en banc); Charnes v. DiGiacomo, 612 P.2d 1117 , 1120–21 (Colo. 1980) (en banc); Shaktman v. State, 553 So. 2d 148, 151 (Fla. 1989); State v. Walton, 324 P.3d 876 , 906–08 (Haw. 2014); State v. Thompson, 760 P.2d 1162, 1167 (Idaho 1988); People v. DeLaire, 610 N.E.2d 1277, 1282 (Ill.

11
People v. Blairgreen
cal · 1979 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017See People v. Blair, 25 Cal.3d 640 , 159 Cal.Rptr. 818 , 602 P.2d 738, 747-48 (Cal. 1979) (en banc); Charnes v. DiGiacomo, 200 Colo. 94 , 612 P.2d 1117, 1120-21 (1980) (en banc); Shaktman v. State, 553 So.2d 148, 151 (Fla. 1989); State v. Walton, 324 P.3d 876, 906-08 (Haw. 2014); State v. Thompson, 114 Idaho 746 , 760 P.2d 1162, 1167 (1988); People v. DeLaire, 240 Ill.App.3d 1012 , 183 Ill.Dec. 33 , 610 N.E.2d 1277, 1282 (Ill.

2017See People v. Blair, 602 P.2d 738 , 747–48 (Cal. 1979) (en banc); Charnes v. DiGiacomo, 612 P.2d 1117 , 1120–21 (Colo. 1980) (en banc); Shaktman v. State, 553 So. 2d 148, 151 (Fla. 1989); State v. Walton, 324 P.3d 876 , 906–08 (Haw. 2014); State v. Thompson, 760 P.2d 1162, 1167 (Idaho 1988); People v. DeLaire, 610 N.E.2d 1277, 1282 (Ill.

11
United States v. Jonesgreen
scotus · 2012 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016In her concurring opinion in Jones , Justice Sotomayor declared that the assumption that people lack reasonable privacy expectations in information held by third parties is “ill suited to the digital age, in which people reveal a great deal of information about themselves to third parties in the course of carrying out mundane tasks.” Jones, 132 S.Ct. at 957 (Sotomayor, J., concurring).

2016In her concurring opinion in Jones, Justice Sotomayor declared that the assumption that people lack reasonable privacy expectations in information held by third parties is “ill suited to the digital age, in which people reveal a great deal of information about themselves to third parties in the course of carrying out mundane tasks.” Jones, 132 S.Ct. at 957 (Sotomayor, J., concurring).

11
United States v. Warshakgreen
ca6 · 2010 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016See Warshak, 631 F.3d at 287-88 . “[I]f a new technology permits the government to access information that it previously could not access without a warrant, using techniques not regulated under preexisting rules that predate technology, the effect will be that the Fourth Amendment matters less and less over time.” Orín S. Kerr, An Equilibrium- Adjustment Theory of the Fourth Amend ment, 215 Harv.

2016See Warshak, 631 F.3d at 287-88 . “[I]f a new technology permits the government to access information that it previously could not access without a warrant, using techniques not regulated under preexisting rules that predate technology, the effect will be that the Fourth Amendment matters less and less over time.” Orin S. Kerr, An Equilibrium-Adjustment Theory of the Fourth Amendment, 215 Harv.

11
Christopher Wertz v. State of Indianagreen
indctapp · 2015 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016See Wertz v. State, 41 N.E.3d 276, 285 (Ind.2015) (the data on defendant’s GPS device is subject to Fourth Amendment protections); Forest, 355 F.3d at 947 . [32] For years, courts and commentators have begun to acknowledge the increasing tension, wrought by our technological age, between the third-party doctrine and the primacy that the Fourth Amendment doctrine grants to our society’s expectation of privacy.

2016See Wertz v. State, 41 N.E.3d 276, 285 (Ind. 2015) (the data on defendant’s GPS device is subject to Fourth Amendment protections); Forest, 355 F.3d at 947 . [32] For years, courts and commentators have begun to acknowledge the increasing tension, wrought by our technological age, between the third-party doctrine and the primacy that the Fourth Amendment doctrine grants to our society’s expectation of privacy.

11
Bailey v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co.green
indctapp · 2008 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
1 sentence

2012See Bailey, 881 N.E.2d at 1002-03 (holding that, although Indiana recognizes a third party claim for negligent entrustment against an entrustor when the third party is injured by an incapacitated driver, Indiana does not recognize a first party claim by the incapacitated driver for negligent entrustment of a motor vehicle to a voluntarily intoxicated adult). 5 .

11
Fraley v. Mingergreen
ind · 2005 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
1 sentence

2007They did not address the effect of paragraph' 9 of section 13, which states, with exceptions not relevant here, “[n]o release or settlement of claim for damages ... shall be valid ' without the written consent” of the employer. “[I]t is well-established that a judicial interpretation of a statute, particularly - by the Indiana Supreme Court, accompanied by substantial legislative inaction .for a considerable time, may be understood to signify the General Assembly’s acquiescence and agreement with the judicial interpretation.” Fraley v. Minger, 829 N.E.2d 476, 492 (Ind.2005).

11
Cromer v. Seftongreen
indctapp · 1984 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11
Freidline v. Shelby Insurance Co.green
ind · 2002 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
11
Plumlee v. Monroe Guaranty Insurance Co.green
indctapp · 1995 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
11
Hartwig v. Zacky Farmsgreen
calctapp · 1992 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
11
Indianapolis Power & Light Co. v. Brad Snodgrass, Inc.green
ind · 1991 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Indiana. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (27)

CaseCitedYears
Carpenter v. United States green
scotus · 2018
2 sentences

2020And in Carpenter, the Court held that the third-party doctrine Indiana Supreme Court | Case No. 18S-CR-595 | June 23, 2020 Page 14 of 18 does not extend to cellular site location information, at least when seven days’ worth of data is obtained. 138 S. Ct. at 2217 & n.3.

2019Carpenter , 138 S.Ct. at 2217 & n.3, 2220.

22019–2020
Matter of Guardianship of RB green
indctapp · 1993
2 sentences

2001However, Huber and Guardianship of R.B. both indicate that if the presumption in favor of the parent(s) is rebutted, "then the question becomes whether it is in the best interests of the child to be placed in the custody of the third party." Huber, 723 N.E.2d at 975 ; Guardianship of R.B., 619 N.E.2d at 954 .

2001However, Huber and Guardianship of R.B. both indicate that if the presumption in favor of the parent(s) is rebutted, "then the question becomes whether it is in the best interests of the child to be placed in the custody of the third party." Huber, 723 N.E.2d at 975 , Guardianship of R.B., 619 N.E.2d at 954 .

22001–2001
In Re Marriage of Huber green
indctapp · 2000
2 sentences

2001However, Huber and Guardianship of R.B. both indicate that if the presumption in favor of the parent(s) is rebutted, "then the question becomes whether it is in the best interests of the child to be placed in the custody of the third party." Huber, 723 N.E.2d at 975 ; Guardianship of R.B., 619 N.E.2d at 954 .

2001However, Huber and Guardianship of R.B. both indicate that if the presumption in favor of the parent(s) is rebutted, "then the question becomes whether it is in the best interests of the child to be placed in the custody of the third party." Huber, 723 N.E.2d at 975 , Guardianship of R.B., 619 N.E.2d at 954 .

22001–2001
Indiana State Highway Commission v. White green
ind · 1973
2 sentences

1992Where the statute addresses collection without suit, it states that the attorney fee is twenty-five per cent of the benefits, which "consist of the amount of reimbursements, after the expenses and costs in connection with the third party claim have been deducted therefrom." Where the statute addresses collection with suit, the situation here, it does not state that benefits include such "reimbursements." Our supreme court construed the use of the term "reimbursements" in this portion of the statute in Indiana State Highway Commission v. White (1973), 259 Ind. 690 , 291 N.E.2d 550 .

1992Where the statute addresses collection without suit, it states that the attorney fee is twenty-five per cent of the benefits, which "consist of the amount of reimbursements, after the expenses and costs in connection with the third party claim have been deducted therefrom." Where the statute addresses collection with suit, the situation here, it does not state that benefits include such "reimbursements." Our supreme court construed the use of the term "reimbursements" in this portion of the statute in Indiana State Highway Commission v. White (1973), 259 Ind. 690 , 291 N.E.2d 550 .

21990–1992
Marcus Zanders v. State of Indiana green
ind · 2017
1 sentence

2019Id.

12019–2019
United States v. Miller red
scotus · 1976
2 sentences

2017En route to our conclusion that this was not a “search,” we look first to" the two seminal United States Supreme Court cases applying the third-party doctrine to business documents: United States v. Miller, 425 U.S. 435 , 96 S.Ct. 1619 , 48 L.Ed.2d 71 , and Smith v. Maryland, 442 U.S. 735 , 99 S.Ct. 2577 , 61 L.Ed.2d 220 .

2017En route to our conclusion that this was not a “search,” we look first to the two seminal United States Supreme Court cases applying the third-party doctrine to business documents: 6 United States v. Miller, 425 U.S. 435 , and Smith v. Maryland, 442 U.S. 735 .

12017–2017
United States v. Timothy Sanders green
ca6 · 2016
2 sentences

2017United States v. Carpenter, 819 F.3d 880 (6th Cir. 2016), petition for cert. filed (U.S. Sept. 26, 2016) (No. 16-402); United States v. Graham, 824 F.3d 421 (4th Cir. 2016) (en banc), petition for cert. filed (U.S. Sept. 26, 2016) (No. 16-6308). 3 Even in circuits that have not yet weighed in, district courts have.

2017See United States v. Graham, 824 F.3d 421 (4th Cir. 2016) (en banc); In re Application of U.S. for Historical Cell Site Data, 724 F.3d 600 (5th Cir. 2013); United States v. Carpenter, 819 F.3d 880 (6th Cir. 2016); United States v. Davis, 785 F.3d 498 (11th Cir. 2015) (en banc).

12017–2017
Patrick Austin v. State of Indiana green
ind · 2013
1 sentence

2017Under Section 11, the State bears the burden of showing that police conduct was “reasonable under the totality of the circumstances.” Id. at 1001–02.

12017–2017
In re the United States green
ca5 · 2013
2 sentences

2017See United States v. Graham, 824 F.3d 421 (4th Cir. 2016) (en banc); In re Application of U.S. for Historical Cell Site Data, 724 F.3d 600 (5th Cir. 2013); United States v. Carpenter, 819 F.3d 880 (6th Cir. 2016); United States v. Davis, 785 F.3d 498 (11th Cir. 2015) (en banc).

2017See United States v. Graham, 824 F.3d 421 (4th Cir. 2016) (en banc); In re Application of U.S. for Historical Cell Site Data, 724 F.3d 600 (5th Cir. 2013); United States v. Carpenter, 819 F.3d 880 (6th Cir. 2016); United States v. Davis, 785 F.3d 498 (11th Cir. 2015) (en banc).

12017–2017
United States v. Quartavious Davis green
ca11 · 2015
2 sentences

2017See United States v. Graham, 824 F.3d 421 (4th Cir. 2016) (en banc); In re Application of U.S. for Historical Cell Site Data, 724 F.3d 600 (5th Cir. 2013); United States v. Carpenter, 819 F.3d 880 (6th Cir. 2016); United States v. Davis, 785 F.3d 498 (11th Cir. 2015) (en banc).

2017See United States v. Graham, 824 F.3d 421 (4th Cir. 2016) (en banc); In re Application of U.S. for Historical Cell Site Data, 724 F.3d 600 (5th Cir. 2013); United States v. Carpenter, 819 F.3d 880 (6th Cir. 2016); United States v. Davis, 785 F.3d 498 (11th Cir. 2015) (en banc).

12017–2017
United States v. Craig Forest (02-3022) and Herman E. Garner, III (02-3064) green
ca6 · 2004
2 sentences

2016See Wertz v. State, 41 N.E.3d 276, 285 (Ind.2015) (the data on defendant’s GPS device is subject to Fourth Amendment protections); Forest, 355 F.3d at 947 . [32] For years, courts and commentators have begun to acknowledge the increasing tension, wrought by our technological age, between the third-party doctrine and the primacy that the Fourth Amendment doctrine grants to our society’s expectation of privacy.

2016See Wertz v. State, 41 N.E.3d 276, 285 (Ind. 2015) (the data on defendant’s GPS device is subject to Fourth Amendment protections); Forest, 355 F.3d at 947 . [32] For years, courts and commentators have begun to acknowledge the increasing tension, wrought by our technological age, between the third-party doctrine and the primacy that the Fourth Amendment doctrine grants to our society’s expectation of privacy.

12016–2016
U.S. Bank, N.A. v. Integrity Land Title Corp. green
ind · 2010
1 sentence

2012Id.

12012–2012
DePuy, Inc. v. Farmer green
ind · 2006
2 sentences

2009He supports his argument by referencing DePuy, Inc., in which our Supreme Court observed that an employee who obtains a "final judgment" against a third party for less than the amount of the employer's liability under the Act may nevertheless collect worker's compensation benefits by collecting the judgment and repaying the employer (or employer's insurer) for previous compensation or assigning all rights under the judgment to the employer. 847 N.E.2d at 166 .

2009However, this is contrary to the plain language of our Indiana Supreme Court in DePuy: "if an employee settles without the approval of the employer (or its carrier) the employer (or its carrier) is free to challenge the amount received as inadequate." 847 N.E.2d at 169-70 .

12009–2009
Erie Insurance v. Hickman Ex Rel. Smith green
ind · 1993
12003–2003
Spangler, Jennings & Dougherty P.C. v. Indiana Insurance green
ind · 2000
12003–2003
Masonic Temple Ass'n of Crawfordsville v. Indiana Farmers Mutual Insurance green
indctapp · 2002
12003–2003
Bennett v. Slater green
indctapp · 1972
12001–2001
Schwartz v. Castleton Christian Church, Inc. green
indctapp · 1992
11999–1999
Cook v. Humana Health Care Plan, Inc. green
indctapp · 1994
11997–1997
Ramon v. Glenroy Const. Co., Inc. green
indctapp · 1993
11994–1994
Claxton v. Hutton green
indctapp · 1993
11994–1994
Redman Homes, Inc. v. Speer neutral
indctapp · 1986
11994–1994
Panich v. Iron Wood Products Corp. green
michctapp · 1989
11991–1991
Cornell Harbison Excavating, Inc. v. May green
ind · 1989
11990–1990
Koughn v. Utrad Industries, Inc. green
indctapp · 1971
11981–1981
Bostedo v. Board of Trade of City of Chicago neutral
ill · 1907
11979–1979
Swope v. Paul neutral
indctapp · 1892
11979–1979

Statutes the citing opinions construe

IN § Ind. Code § 22-3-2-13 (6)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

NY 269 (1900–2026) CA 232 (1921–2026) TX 175 (1972–2026) IL 137 (1907–2026) MD 68 (1962–2023) FL 59 (1965–2022) LA 53 (1959–2025) NJ 52 (1959–2025) PA 48 (1975–2025) MO 44 (1961–2022) OR 44 (1970–2024) MI 42 (1969–2025) MA 42 (1972–2026) AZ 36 (1957–2025) WA 36 (1928–2026) VA 34 (1946–2025) NM 31 (1968–2020) WI 31 (1942–2025) OH 30 (1983–2026) GA 29 (1917–2025) AL 28 (1915–2014) IA 27 (1961–2024) IN 26 (1979–2020) CO 24 (1973–2025) TN 21 (1975–2026) WV 21 (1986–2017) NE 20 (1919–2024) NC 20 (1977–2024) MT 20 (1943–2019) CT 20 (1990–2026) MN 19 (1933–2026) SC 18 (1984–2022) WY 16 (1985–2026) UT 16 (1976–2026) DE 15 (1968–2025) MS 14 (1963–2025) ND 14 (1973–2022) KY 13 (1978–2023) AR 13 (1919–2014) OK 12 (1955–2024) HI 12 (1972–2026) DC 12 (1983–2021) ME 11 (1982–2023) KS 9 (1980–2025) RI 8 (1997–2023) AK 7 (1979–2024) NV 7 (1950–2015) VT 5 (2000–2026) ID 5 (1936–2015) NH 5 (1974–2010) SD 3 (1958–2015) PR 2 (1964–1986) VI 2 (2017–2026)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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