269 New York opinions name it 8 courts 1900–2026 35 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by New York courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Spielmann v. 170 Broadway NYC LPgreen2 sentences2022The court correctly denied Sabey defendants' motion for summary judgment on the third-party claim for common-law indemnification against Select Safety, in view of the issues of fact as to Sabey defendants' negligence ( see Spielmann v 170 Broadway NYC LP , 187 AD3d 492, 494 [1st Dept 2020]). 2022The court correctly denied Sabey defendants' motion for summary judgment on the third-party claim for common-law indemnification against Select Safety, in view of the issues of fact as to Sabey defendants' negligence ( see Spielmann v 170 Broadway NYC LP , 187 AD3d 492, 494 [1st Dept 2020]). | 4 | 4 |
Zuckerman v. City of New Yorkgreen2 sentences2016Third-party defendant failed to meet her initial burden of establishing as a matter of law that the sole proximate cause of the accident was Austin’s negligence (see Burghardt v Cmaylo, 40 AD3d 568, 569 [2007]; see generally Zuckerman v City of New York, 49 NY2d 557, 562 [1980]). 2016Third-party defendant failed to meet her initial burden of establishing as a matter of law that the sole proximate cause of the accident was Austin’s negligence (see Burghardt v Cmaylo, 40 AD3d 568, 569 [2007]; see generally Zuckerman v City of New York, 49 NY2d 557, 562 [1980]). | 3 | 5 |
Jones v. New York City Housing Authoritygreen2 sentences2026Auth. , 293 AD2d 371, 372 [1st Dept 2002]). 2025Auth. , 293 AD2d 371, 372 [1st Dept 2002]). | 3 | 3 |
George Cohen Agency, Inc. v. Donald S. Perlman Agency, Inc.green2 sentences2012CPLR 1007 provides that “a defendant may proceed against a person not a party who is or may be liable to that defendant for all or part of the plaintiffs claim against that defendant.” The Court of Appeals has recognized that “[t]he language of CPLR 1007 serves only to identify the persons against whom a third-party claim may be brought” (George Cohen Agency v Donald S. Perlman Agency, 51 NY2d 358, 365 [1980]). 2012CPLR 1007 provides that “a defendant may proceed against a person not a party who is or may be liable to that defendant for all or part of the plaintiffs claim against that defendant.” The Court of Appeals has recognized that “[t]he language of CPLR 1007 serves only to identify the persons against whom a third-party claim may be brought” (George Cohen Agency v Donald S. Perlman Agency, 51 NY2d 358, 365 [1980]). | 2 | 6 |
Skolnick v. Max Connor, LLCgreen2 sentences2025"Where the record indicates that a third-party plaintiff knowingly and deliberately delayed in commencing the third-party action, the Supreme Court acts within its discretion to dismiss the third-party complaint" ( Soto v CBS Corp. , 157 AD3d at 741; see Skolnick v Max Connor, LLC , 89 AD3d 443, 444 ). 2025"Where the record indicates that a third-party plaintiff knowingly and deliberately delayed in commencing the third-party action, the Supreme Court acts within its discretion to dismiss the third-party complaint" ( Soto v CBS Corp. , 157 AD3d at 741; see Skolnick v Max Connor, LLC , 89 AD3d 443, 444 ). | 2 | 3 |
Sommer v. Federal Signal Corp.green2 sentences2023The parties' contract relieves Freeman of its duty to indemnify TIA "for occurrences or accidents caused by any other party not under Freeman's direct control." While the record demonstrates that Freeman exerted a substantial amount of control over the exhibitors who are alleged to have caused plaintiff's accident, issues of fact remain as to whether that control amounts to "direct control" for purposes of the contractual indemnification clause in Freeman's contract with TIA ( see Sommer [*2]v Federal Signal Corp. , 79 NY2d 540, 555 [1992]). 2023The parties' contract relieves Freeman of its duty to indemnify TIA "for occurrences or accidents caused by any other party not under Freeman's direct control." While the record demonstrates that Freeman exerted a substantial amount of control over the exhibitors who are alleged to have caused plaintiff's accident, issues of fact remain as to whether that control amounts to "direct control" for purposes of the contractual indemnification clause in Freeman's contract with TIA ( see Sommer [*2]v Federal Signal Corp. , 79 NY2d 540, 555 [1992]). | 2 | 2 |
Trustees of Columbia University v. Mitchell/Giurgola Associatesgreen2 sentences2022Third-party defendant subcontractor Electric, which provided temporary electrical power on all floors above the 11th for use by other contractors, established prima facie that it was not negligent in connection with plaintiff's accident and therefore is not liable to defendants for common-law indemnification and contribution (see Naughton v City of New York , 94 AD3d 1, 10 [1st Dept 2012]; Trustees of Columbia Univ. v Mitchell/Giurgola Assoc. , 109 AD2d 449, 454 [1st Dept 1985]). 2009The court properly dismissed the construction manager’s third-party claim for common-law indemnification since plaintiffs claims and the owner’s cross claims allege breach of contract by the construction manager, not vicarious liability attributed solely to the fault of the architect (see Trustees of Columbia Univ. v Mitchell/Giurgola Assoc., 109 AD2d 449, 453 [1985] [“(s)ince the predicate of common-law indemnity is vicarious liability without actual fault on the part of the proposed indemnitee, it follows that a party who has itself actually participated to some degree in the wrongdoing cann | 2 | 2 |
Harris v. City of New Yorkgreen2 sentences2022As the record establishes that plaintiff's accident was not "caused by the negligence . . . or other improper conduct" of ADCO, the court also properly granted ADCO summary judgment dismissing the third-party claim for contractual indemnification and denied Sabey defendants' motion for summary judgment on the same ( see Harris v City of New York , 202 AD3d 624, 625 [1st Dept 2022]). 2022As the record establishes that plaintiff's accident was not "caused by the negligence . . . or other improper conduct" of ADCO, the court also properly granted ADCO summary judgment dismissing the third-party claim for contractual indemnification and denied Sabey defendants' motion for summary judgment on the same ( see Harris v City of New York , 202 AD3d 624, 625 [1st Dept 2022]). | 2 | 2 |
Gentile v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc.green2 sentences2021The contractual indemnification agreements in the lease between SMHS and Lobster required Lobster to indemnify SMHS for claims arising out of Lobster's acts, omissions, or negligence; they are not triggered by "the routine performance of plaintiff's duties on the job" as a Lobster employee, "or his mere presence [*3]on the site" ( Gentile v Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. , 9 Misc 3d 111, 112 [App Term, 1st Dept 2005]). 2021The contractual indemnification agreements in the lease between SMHS and Lobster required Lobster to indemnify SMHS for claims arising out of Lobster's acts, omissions, or negligence; they are not triggered by "the routine performance of plaintiff's duties on the job" as a Lobster employee, "or his mere presence [*3]on the site" ( Gentile v Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. , 9 Misc 3d 111, 112 [App Term, 1st Dept 2005]). | 2 | 2 |
Gomez v. City of New Yorkgreen2 sentences2018"CPLR 1010 provides a safety valve for cases in which the third-party claim will unduly delay the determination of the main action or prejudice the substantial rights of any party'" ( Annanquartey v Passeser, 260 AD2d 517, 517 , quoting CPLR 1010 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see Gomez v City of New York, 78 AD3d 482, 483-484 ; Cipollina v Kent, 52 AD2d 632, 632 ). 2011The record supports the court’s finding that the defendants “knowingly and deliberately delayed the commencement of the third-party action.” Third-party defendant was also prejudiced by the filing of the third-party complaint months after third-party defendant had dissolved its business and thus, as stated by counsel, no longer had access to employees or records (see Gomez v City of New York, 78 AD3d 482, 483 [2010]). | 2 | 2 |
Burghardt v. Cmaylogreen2 sentences2016Third-party defendant failed to meet her initial burden of establishing as a matter of law that the sole proximate cause of the accident was Austin’s negligence (see Burghardt v Cmaylo, 40 AD3d 568, 569 [2007]; see generally Zuckerman v City of New York, 49 NY2d 557, 562 [1980]). 2016Third-party defendant failed to meet her initial burden of establishing as a matter of law that the sole proximate cause of the accident was Austin’s negligence (see Burghardt v Cmaylo, 40 AD3d 568, 569 [2007]; see generally Zuckerman v City of New York, 49 NY2d 557, 562 [1980]). | 2 | 2 |
| Schauer v. Joycegreen | 2 | 2 |
| Zwiebel v. Guttmangreen | 2 | 2 |
| McCarthy v. Turner Construction, Inc.green | 2 | 2 |
| Richter v. Ramistain Systemsgreen | 2 | 2 |
| Claim of Robinette v. Arnold Meyer Sign Co.green | 2 | 2 |
| JP Morgan Chase Bank v. Strands Hair Studiogreen | 2 | 2 |
| Hilton v. Truss Systems, Inc.green | 2 | 2 |
| Espinal v. Melville Snow Contractors, Inc.green | 2 | 2 |
| Tkach v. City of New Yorkgreen | 2 | 2 |
| Olmsted v. . Olmstedgreen | 2 | 2 |
| In Re the Estate of Holmesgreen | 2 | 2 |
Schauer v. Joycegreen2 sentences2016“An attorney sued for malpractice is entitled to commence a third-party claim for contribution [or indemnification] against a subsequent attorney whose negligence has contributed to or aggravated the plaintiff’s damages” (Hansen v Brognano, 137 AD2d 880, 881 [1988] [citation omitted]; see CPLR 1401; Schauer v Joyce, 54 NY2d 1, 5 [1981]; M & R Ginsburg, LLC v Segel, Goldman, Mazzotta & Siegel, P.C., 121 AD3d 1354, 1354-1355 [2014]; Soussis v Lazer, Aptheker, Rosetta & Yedid, P.C., 66 AD3d 993, 995 [2009]). 1996Although "[a]n attorney sued for malpractice is entitled to commence a third-party claim for contribution against a subsequent attorney whose negligence has contributed to or aggravated the plaintiffs damages” (Hansen v Brognano, 137 AD2d 880, 881 ; Schauer v Joyce, 54 NY2d 1, 5 ), the record establishes that an attorney other than the third-party defendant was substituted as the plaintiffs counsel in the bankruptcy proceeding at issue in this action. | 1 | 8 |
Annanquartey v. Passesergreen2 sentences2025"CPLR 1010 provides a safety valve for cases in which the third-party claim will unduly delay the determination of the main action or prejudice the substantial rights of any party" ( Annanquartey v Passeser , 260 AD2d 517, 517 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see CPLR 1010). 2025"CPLR 1010 provides a safety valve for cases in which the third-party claim will unduly delay the determination of the main action or prejudice the substantial rights of any party" ( Soto v CBS Corp. , 157 AD3d 740 , 741 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see CPLR 1010; Annanquartey v Passeser , 260 AD2d 517, 517 ). | 1 | 4 |
Claim of Johnson v. Buffalo & Erie County Private Industry Councilgreen2 sentences2018Council, 84 NY2d 13, 19 ; Lobban v Brown, 125 AD3d 612, 613 ; Matter of Jackson v City of New York, 70 AD3d 694, 695 ). 2015Council, 84 NY2d 13, 19 [1994]; Zamfino v Furman, 1 AD3d 591, 592 [2003]). | 1 | 3 |
Hansen v. Brognanogreen2 sentences2016“An attorney sued for malpractice is entitled to commence a third-party claim for contribution [or indemnification] against a subsequent attorney whose negligence has contributed to or aggravated the plaintiff’s damages” (Hansen v Brognano, 137 AD2d 880, 881 [1988] [citation omitted]; see CPLR 1401; Schauer v Joyce, 54 NY2d 1, 5 [1981]; M & R Ginsburg, LLC v Segel, Goldman, Mazzotta & Siegel, P.C., 121 AD3d 1354, 1354-1355 [2014]; Soussis v Lazer, Aptheker, Rosetta & Yedid, P.C., 66 AD3d 993, 995 [2009]). 1996Although "[a]n attorney sued for malpractice is entitled to commence a third-party claim for contribution against a subsequent attorney whose negligence has contributed to or aggravated the plaintiffs damages” (Hansen v Brognano, 137 AD2d 880, 881 ; Schauer v Joyce, 54 NY2d 1, 5 ), the record establishes that an attorney other than the third-party defendant was substituted as the plaintiffs counsel in the bankruptcy proceeding at issue in this action. | 1 | 3 |
Board of Education v. Sargent, Webster, Crenshaw & Folleygreen2 sentences2009While two or more entities that “are subject to liability for damages for the same personal injury, injury to property or wrongful death, may claim contribution” from the other (CPLR 1401), a purely economic loss resulting from a breach of contract does not constitute an “injury to property” within the meaning of CPLR 1401 (see Board of Educ. of Hudson City School Dist. v Sargent, Webster, Crenshaw & Folley, 71 NY2d 21, 26 [1987]). 1996Third-party defendants moved to dismiss the third- party complaint on the ground that no claim for contribution lies in these circumstances (see, e.g., Board of Educ. v Sargent, Webster, Crenshaw & Folley, 71 NY2d 21 ). | 1 | 3 |
Furtado v. Mario's Bakerygreen2 sentences2018Pursuant to Workers' Compensation Law § 29(5), an employee who is the recipient of workers' compensation benefits may settle a third-party claim arising out of the same accident without prejudice to the continued payment of benefits upon "obtaining either the written consent [*2]of the compensation carrier before the [settlement], or judicial approval of the [settlement] within three months after it" ( Furtado v Mario's Bakery, 17 AD3d 527, 528 ; see Matter of Johnson v Buffalo & Erie County Private Indus. 2015“Pursuant to Workers’ Compensation Law § 29 (5), an employee who is the recipient of workers’ compensation benefits may compromise a third-party claim arising out of the same accident without prejudice to the continued payment of benefits upon obtaining either the written consent of the compensation carrier before the compromise, or judicial approval of the compromise within three months after it” (Furtado v Mario’s Bakery, 17 AD3d 527, 527-528 [2005]; see Matter of Johnson v Buffalo & Erie County Private Indus. | 1 | 2 |
| Siegl v. New Plan Excel Realty Trust, Inc.green | 1 | 2 |
| Henriquez v. Inserra Supermarkets, Inc.green | 1 | 2 |
| Zemotel v. Jeld-Wen, Inc.green | 1 | 2 |
| 530 East 89 Corp. v. Ungergreen | 1 | 2 |
| Wayburn v. Madison Land Ltd.green | 1 | 1 |
| Astrakan v. City of New Yorkgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Marc A. Nicometi v. The Vineyards of Fredonia, LLC / Scott Pfohl v. Western New York Plumbing-Ellicott Plumbing and Remodeling Co.green | 1 | 1 |
| Sunbelt Rentals, Inc. v. Tempest Windows, Inc.green | 1 | 1 |
| Qosina Corp. v. C & N Packaging, Inc.green | 1 | 1 |
| TOV Manufacturing, Inc. v. Jaco Import Corp.green | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New York. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Holodook v. Spencer
green
2 sentences1982(Indeed, the county’s support of the foster parents’ motion for dismissal is somewhat puzzling in view of its status as legal custodian of the infant plaintiff, the constitutional mandate to protect his safety, and the duty to remove the child upon detecting inadequate supervision.) Further, “[t]he consideration of public policy stated in Holodook (<supra, p 45 ) — the potential strife between parent and child created by litigation and the risk of a third-party claim against the parent diminishing the value of the child’s recovery — have no application here, where the interests of parent and c 1980With respect to the third-party claim against the father of the four-year-old infant, defendants assert that they suffered harm by being exposed to tort liability to the infant and therefore the decision in Holodook v Spencer ( 36 NY2d 35 ) does not apply in this case. | 5 | 1978–1983 |
Nichols v. Clark, MacMullen & Riley, Inc.
green
2 sentences1948Such dismissal, however, would rest in the sound discretion of the court, whereas, under the rule of the Nichols case, the impleader is improper as a matter of law if there is not the required identity, irrespective of any danger of confusion of delay.” (See 2 Carmody on New York Pleading and Practice, p. 874, quoted in Travlos v. Commercial Union of America, Inc., 217 App. Div. 352, 357 .) Relative to the rule adopted in Nichols v. Clark, MacMullen & Riley, Inc. ( 261 N. Y. 118 ), to effect that if impleader were permitted and the jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff, there would be no w 1947In order to remove the old restriction whereby the impleaded claim was required to be the same or based upon the same grounds as the main action (Nichols v. Clark MacMullen & Riley, Inc., 261 N. Y. 118 ) the new statute affirmatively provides that the third party claim need not be based upon the same cause of action, or grounds as the main action. | 3 | 1947–1948 |
George Cohen Agency, Inc. v. Donald S. Perlman Agency, Inc.
green
2 sentences2025Pursuant to CPLR 1010, the court has the discretion to "dismiss a third-party complaint without prejudice, order a separate trial of the third-party claim or of any separate issue thereof, or make such other order as may be just" ( see George Cohen Agency, Inc. v Perlman Agency, Inc. , 69 AD2d 725, 731 ). 2025Pursuant to CPLR 1010, the court has the discretion to "dismiss a third-party complaint without prejudice, order a separate trial of the third-party claim or of any separate issue thereof, or make such other order as may be just" ( see George Cohen Agency, Inc. v Perlman Agency, Inc. , 69 AD2d 725, 731 ). | 2 | 2025–2025 |
Children's Corner Learning Center v. A. Miranda Contracting Corp.
green
2 sentences2024Corp., 64 AD3d 318 [1st Dept 2009]) clarified and distinguished the factual circumstances in Tower Building Restoration. 2024Corp., 64 AD3d 318 [1st Dept 2009]) clarified and distinguished the factual circumstances in Tower Building Restoration. | 2 | 2024–2024 |
Dick v. Doral Greens Ltd. Partnership
neutral
2 sentences2022We also decline to review Select Safety's arguments to reverse the grant of summary judgment to Sabey defendants on the third-party claim for breach of contract against Select Safety, in view of its failure to serve a notice of appeal ( see Achidov v ICD Group Intl. , 289 AD2d 74 [1st Dept 2001]). 2022We also decline to review Select Safety's arguments to reverse the grant of summary judgment to Sabey defendants on the third-party claim for breach of contract against Select Safety, in view of its failure to serve a notice of appeal ( see Achidov v ICD Group Intl. , 289 AD2d 74 [1st Dept 2001]). | 2 | 2022–2022 |
Hooper Associates Ltd. v. AGS Computers, Inc.
green
2 sentences2019Here, the indemnification clause in Yorktown's operating agreement "is typical of those [indemnification agreements] which contemplate reimbursement when the indemnitee is required to pay damages on a third-party claim" ( id. at 492 ). 2010The indemnification clause at issue here, like the one considered in Hooper, is framed in language “typical of those which contemplate reimbursement when the indemnitee is required to pay damages on a third-party claim” ( 74 NY2d at 492 ). | 2 | 2010–2019 |
United States v. Miller
red
2 sentences2019In its shift away from the blind application of the third-party doctrine, the Court recognized that that doctrine “partly stems from the notion that an individual has a reduced expectation of privacy in information knowingly shared with another” (Carpenter, 138 S Ct at 2219 ); by sharing information with a third party, such as a bank (see United States v Miller, 425 US 435 [1976]) or a telephone company (see Smith v Maryland, 442 US 735 [1979]), an individual is traditionally said to have “assumed the risk that the company would reveal to police” the information at issue (Smith, 442 US at 744 2016The third-party doctrine is based on a long line of clear legal authority, most significantly the United States Supreme Court’s decision in United States v Miller ( 425 US 435 [1976]). | 2 | 2016–2019 |
Smith v. Maryland
red
2 sentences2019In its shift away from the blind application of the third-party doctrine, the Court recognized that that doctrine “partly stems from the notion that an individual has a reduced expectation of privacy in information knowingly shared with another” (Carpenter, 138 S Ct at 2219 ); by sharing information with a third party, such as a bank (see United States v Miller, 425 US 435 [1976]) or a telephone company (see Smith v Maryland, 442 US 735 [1979]), an individual is traditionally said to have “assumed the risk that the company would reveal to police” the information at issue (Smith, 442 US at 744 2019In its shift away from the blind application of the third-party doctrine, the Court recognized that that doctrine “partly stems from the notion that an individual has a reduced expectation of privacy in information knowingly shared with another” (Carpenter, 138 S Ct at 2219 ); by sharing information with a third party, such as a bank (see United States v Miller, 425 US 435 [1976]) or a telephone company (see Smith v Maryland, 442 US 735 [1979]), an individual is traditionally said to have “assumed the risk that the company would reveal to police” the information at issue (Smith, 442 US at 744 | 2 | 2016–2019 |
Riley v. Cal. United States
green
2 sentences2019But, that “diminished privacy interest does not mean that the Fourth Amendment falls out of the picture entirely” (Riley, 134 S Ct at 2488 ). 2017Riley , in turn, is distinguishable because it involved an inspection of the contents of the defendant's phone, rather than mere location information (___ US at ___; 134 S Ct at 2480-2481 ; see Carpenter , 819 F3d at 889 ; Jenkins , 294 Neb at 700-702, 884 NW2d at 442-443 ). | 2 | 2017–2019 |
General Accident Insurance v. Elbaum
green
2 sentences2015Co. v Elbaum, 236 AD2d at 473 ; see Allstate Ins. 2002Co. v Elbaum, 236 AD2d 472, 473 ; see 1976 Mem of NY Law Rev Commn, 1976 Legis Doc No. 65 [G], reprinted in 1976 McKinney’s Session Laws of NY, at 2245-2248). | 2 | 2002–2015 |
Bryant v. Bryant
green
2 sentences2013Thus, the mortgage was not a duly acknowledged instrument, and, contrary to Mad52’s contention, plaintiff was required to prove forgery only by a preponderance of the evidence, not by clear and convincing evidence (see Bryant v Bryant, 58 AD3d 496 [1st Dept 2009], affg 18 Misc 3d 1105[A] , 2007 NY Slip Op 52413[U] , *3 [Sur Ct, Bronx County 2007], citing Albany County Sav. 2013Thus, the mortgage was not a duly acknowledged instrument, and, contrary to Mad52’s contention, plaintiff was required to prove forgery only by a preponderance of the evidence, not by clear and convincing evidence (see Bryant v Bryant, 58 AD3d 496 [1st Dept 2009], affg 18 Misc 3d 1105[A] , 2007 NY Slip Op 52413[U] , *3 [Sur Ct, Bronx County 2007], citing Albany County Sav. | 2 | 2013–2013 |
National Bank of North America v. Flushing National Bank
green
2 sentences2013Co. ( 72 AD2d 538 ), that a defendant’s affirmative defense of comparative negligence precludes a third-party claim for contribution against any third-party defendant who was acting as the plaintiffs agent, since the affirmative defense and the third-party claims are duplicative. 2013Co. ( 72 AD2d 538 ), that a defendant’s affirmative defense of comparative negligence precludes a third-party claim for contribution against any third-party defendant who was acting as the plaintiffs agent, since the affirmative defense and the third-party claims are duplicative. | 2 | 2013–2013 |
Brown v. Poritzky
green
2 sentences2013The defendant in Hercules had apparently argued that although it raised the affirmative defense of the plaintiffs attorneys’ negligence, it was forced to bring a third-party claim against those attorneys, because under the rule of Brown v Poritzky ( 30 NY2d 289 [1972]), their negligence could not be imputed to the plaintiff. 2013The defendant in Hercules had apparently argued that although it raised the affirmative defense of the plaintiffs attorneys’ negligence, it was forced to bring a third-party claim against those attorneys, because under the rule of Brown v Poritzky ( 30 NY2d 289 [1972]), their negligence could not be imputed to the plaintiff. | 2 | 2013–2013 |
| Brisson v. County of Onondaga green | 2 | 2012–2012 |
| Claim of Hilton v. Truss Systems, Inc. green | 2 | 2012–2012 |
| Fry v. Village of Tarrytown green | 2 | 2000–2001 |
| Urena v. NYNEX, Inc. green | 2 | 2000–2001 |
| Nardi v. Hirsh green | 2 | 2000–2001 |
| Makeun v. State green | 2 | 1985–1997 |
| State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance v. Westlake green | 2 | 1991–1997 |
| Insurance Co. of North America v. Dayton Tool & Die Works, Inc. green | 2 | 1985–1990 |
| McDermott v. City of New York green | 2 | 1984–1987 |
| Ryan Stevedoring Co. v. Pan-Atlantic Steamship Corp. red | 2 | 1983–1985 |
| Liff v. Consolidated Edison Co. of New York, Inc. green | 2 | 1980–1980 |
| Liff v. Consolidated Edison Co. of New York, Inc. neutral | 2 | 1980–1980 |
| Kurek v. Port Chester Housing Authority green | 2 | 1980–1980 |
| Levine v. Shell Oil Co. green | 2 | 1980–1980 |
| Margolin v. New York Life Insurance green | 2 | 1980–1980 |
| Salzberg v. Raynay Holding Corp. neutral | 2 | 1947–1957 |
| Franklin E. Tyrell, Inc. v. Vahlsing green | 2 | 1957–1957 |
| Olmsted v. Olmsted green | 2 | 1944–1948 |
| German Savings & Loan Society v. Dormitzer green | 2 | 1944–1948 |
| Andrews v. Andrews green | 2 | 1944–1948 |
| Milliken v. Meyer green | 2 | 1944–1948 |
| Lefferts v. Lefferts green | 2 | 1944–1948 |
| Van Pelt v. City of New York neutral | 2 | 1947–1947 |
| People v. Womack green | 1 | 2026–2026 |
| Barrett v. Magnetic Construction Group Corp. green | 1 | 2026–2026 |
| Whippoorwill Hills Homeowners Ass'n v. Toll at Whippoorwill, L.P. green | 1 | 2025–2025 |
| Abreo v. Baez green | 1 | 2025–2025 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.