departure rule (Pennsylvania) · Go Syfert
← Pennsylvania issues

departure rule in Pennsylvania

45 Pennsylvania opinions name it 8 courts 1895–2026 7 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Pennsylvania courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (18)

CaseFollowedCited
Commonwealth v. Starrgreen
pa · 1995 · cited in 6 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2020–2023
2 sentences

2020We recognize that a departure from the rule is warranted in “exceptional circumstances” where there has been a change in controlling law, a substantial change in the facts or evidence, or where “the prior holding was clearly erroneous and would create a manifest injustice if followed.” Id.

2020We recognize that a departure from the rule is warranted in “exceptional circumstances” where there has been a change in controlling law, a substantial change in the facts or evidence, or where “the prior holding was clearly erroneous and would create a manifest injustice if followed.” Id. (emphasis added).

36
Donnelly v. Bauergreen
pa · 1998 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
2 sentences

2002See Donnelly v. Bauer, 553 Pa. 596, 606 , 720 A.2d 447, 452 (1998); Eichelman v. Nationwide Ins.

2002See Donnelly v. Bauer, 553 Pa. 596, 606 , 720 A.2d 447, 452 (1998); Eichelman v. Nationwide Ins.

22
Armslist LLC v. Facebook, Inc.green
pasuperct · 2025 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025N.T., 1/31/2023, at 87-88. -4- J-S47041-24 335 A.3d 1 , 8 n.6 (Pa. Super. 2025) (“[T]he Edmunds factors were adopted as a guide and not a talisman, and a litigant’s failure to brief each of these factors does not waive a departure claim.”) (citations and quotation marks omitted).

11
Commonwealth v. Whitegreen
pa · 1995 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025See Commonwealth v. White, 669 A.2d 896, 899 (Pa. 1995).

11
Commonwealth v. Bowengreen
pasuperct · 2012 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
1 sentence

2015See Bowen, 55 A.3d at 1263 -1264 {citations omitted) ("In every case where a sentencing court imposes a sentence outside of the sentencing guidelines, the court must provide in open court a contemporaneous statement of reasons in support of its sentence.").

11
In Re De Facto Condemnation & Taking of Lands of WBF Associatesgreen
pa · 2006 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009By Lehigh-Northampton Airport Authority, 588 Pa. 242 , 903 A.2d 1192, 1207 (2006).

2009By Lehigh-Northampton Airport Authority, 588 Pa. 242 , 903 A.2d 1192, 1207 (2006).

11
In Re Tax Sale of Real Property Situatedgreen
pacommwct · 2003 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
1 sentence

2009By Lehigh-Northampton Airport Authority, 588 Pa. 242 , 903 A.2d 1192, 1207 (2006). [1] Act of July 7, 1947, P.L. 1368, added by the Act of July 3, 1986, P.L. 351, as amended, 72 P.S. § 5860.607a. [2] The majority relies on In re Tax Sale of Real Property Situated in Jefferson Township, 828 A.2d 475, 480 (Pa.Cmwlth.2003), to support the conclusion that a review of county records, such as the recorder of deeds, was not necessary because "nothing in the record suggests that such a search would have revealed anything other than the address to which the notices were mailed." However, that case did

11
Commonwealth v. Hashemgreen
pa · 1991 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008See Hashem, 526 Pa. at 205 , 584 A.2d at 1381 (“We must likewise specifically reject the Superior Court’s holding that before relief can be granted in this type of claim the Defendant must bear the burden of showing how the failure to comply with the Act prejudiced him.”). 2 Nevertheless, I believe the Commonwealth appropriately relies on the principles governing review of suppression-court rulings, which center the appellate court review on the record of the suppression hearing.

2008See Hashem, 526 Pa. at 205 , 584 A.2d at 1381 (“We must likewise specifically reject the Superior Court’s holding that before relief can be granted in this type of claim the Defendant must bear the burden of showing how the failure to comply with the Act prejudiced him.”). 2 Nevertheless, I believe the Commonwealth appropriately relies on the principles governing review of suppression-court rulings, which center the appellate court review on the record of the suppression hearing.

11
Commonwealth v. Cleckleygreen
pa · 1999 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
2 sentences

2000In Cleckley , this Court described the genesis of the voluntariness focus in the Fourth Amendment context, and the rationale supporting a departure from a waiver construct requiring "an intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right or privilege,” see Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458, 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019, 1023 , 82 L.Ed. 1461 (1938); reviewed the determination in Schneckloth, 412 U.S. at 235-36 , 93 S.Ct. at 2051-52 , to the effect that, while the waiver analysis appropriately applies to safeguard constitutional guarantees involving the preservation of a fair trial of criminal defen

2000In Cleckley , this Court described the genesis of the voluntariness focus in the Fourth Amendment context, and the rationale supporting a departure from a waiver construct requiring "an intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right or privilege,” see Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458, 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019, 1023 , 82 L.Ed. 1461 (1938); reviewed the determination in Schneckloth, 412 U.S. at 235-36 , 93 S.Ct. at 2051-52 , to the effect that, while the waiver analysis appropriately applies to safeguard constitutional guarantees involving the preservation of a fair trial of criminal defen

11
Commonwealth v. Matosgreen
pa · 1996 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
2 sentences

2000This Court enunciated an essentially equivalent set of principles in Commonwealth v. Jones, 474 Pa. 364, 373 , 378 A.2d 835, 840 (1977), a decision which preceded Mendenhall ; the Court specifically endorsed the pertinent principles from Mendenhall/Royer in Commonwealth v. Matos, 543 Pa. 449, 457-58 , 672 A.2d 769, 773-74 (1996). [3] In Cleckley , this Court described the genesis of the voluntariness focus in the Fourth Amendment context, and the rationale supporting a departure from a waiver construct requiring "an intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right or privilege," see

2000This Court enunciated an essentially equivalent set of principles in Commonwealth v. Jones, 474 Pa. 364, 373 , 378 A.2d 835, 840 (1977), a decision which preceded Mendenhall ; the Court specifically endorsed the pertinent principles from Mendenhall/Royer in Commonwealth v. Matos, 543 Pa. 449, 457-58 , 672 A.2d 769, 773-74 (1996). [3] In Cleckley , this Court described the genesis of the voluntariness focus in the Fourth Amendment context, and the rationale supporting a departure from a waiver construct requiring "an intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right or privilege," see

11
Commonwealth v. Jonesgreen
pa · 1977 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
2 sentences

2000This Court enunciated an essentially equivalent set of principles in Commonwealth v. Jones, 474 Pa. 364, 373 , 378 A.2d 835, 840 (1977), a decision which preceded Mendenhall ; the Court specifically endorsed the pertinent principles from Mendenhall/Royer in Commonwealth v. Matos, 543 Pa. 449, 457-58 , 672 A.2d 769, 773-74 (1996). [3] In Cleckley , this Court described the genesis of the voluntariness focus in the Fourth Amendment context, and the rationale supporting a departure from a waiver construct requiring "an intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right or privilege," see

2000This Court enunciated an essentially equivalent set of principles in Commonwealth v. Jones, 474 Pa. 364, 373 , 378 A.2d 835, 840 (1977), a decision which preceded Mendenhall ; the Court specifically endorsed the pertinent principles from Mendenhall/Royer in Commonwealth v. Matos, 543 Pa. 449, 457-58 , 672 A.2d 769, 773-74 (1996). [3] In Cleckley , this Court described the genesis of the voluntariness focus in the Fourth Amendment context, and the rationale supporting a departure from a waiver construct requiring "an intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right or privilege," see

11
Hale v. Uhlgreen
pa · 1928 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1998–1998
2 sentences

1998See Hale v. Uhl, 293 Pa. 454 , 143 A. 115 (1928).

1998See Hale v. Uhl, 293 Pa. 454 , 143 A. 115 (1928).

11
Cuthbert v. Philadelphiagreen
pa · 1965 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
2 sentences

1997See Cuthbert v. City of Philadelphia, 417 Pa. 610, 614 , 209 A.2d 261, 263 (1965) (proximate causation is the “vitally important link” necessary to impose tort liability). *232 Adoption of the market share liability theory would result in a significant departure from this rule. 4 Although we realize that there may arise a situation which would compel us to depart from our time-tested general rule, such a situation is not presented by the matter sub judice.

1997See Cuthbert v. City of Philadelphia, 417 Pa. 610, 614 , 209 A.2d 261, 263 (1965) (proximate causation is the “vitally important link” necessary to impose tort liability). *232 Adoption of the market share liability theory would result in a significant departure from this rule. 4 Although we realize that there may arise a situation which would compel us to depart from our time-tested general rule, such a situation is not presented by the matter sub judice.

11
Commonwealth v. Ragangreen
pasuperct · 1995 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1996–1996
2 sentences

1996See, Commonwealth v. Ragan, 438 Pa.Super. 505 , 652 A.2d 925 (1995); Commonwealth v. Romesburg, 353 Pa.Super. 215 , 509 A.2d 413 (1986); Commonwealth v. Benson, 280 Pa.Super. 20 , 421 A.2d 383 (1980); and Commonwealth v. Kloch, 230 Pa.Super. 563 , 327 A.2d 375 (1974). 8 Finally, we turn to a consideration of any public policy concerns unique to our Commonwealth which would require a departure from the analysis offered by the United States Supreme Court and our sister states on the issue at bar.

1996See, Commonwealth v. Ragan, 438 Pa.Super. 505 , 652 A.2d 925 (1995); Commonwealth v. Romesburg, 353 Pa.Super. 215 , 509 A.2d 413 (1986); Commonwealth v. Benson, 280 Pa.Super. 20 , 421 A.2d 383 (1980); and Commonwealth v. Kloch, 230 Pa.Super. 563 , 327 A.2d 375 (1974). 8 Finally, we turn to a consideration of any public policy concerns unique to our Commonwealth which would require a departure from the analysis offered by the United States Supreme Court and our sister states on the issue at bar.

11
Coveleski v. Bubnisgreen
pa · 1993 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993
2 sentences

1993The majority holds that such an action may be brought because "a cause of action exists for a child, or actually children, that die after live birth. *159 A contrary holding in Hudak would be a departure from this rule." Coveleski v. Bubnis, 535 Pa. 166, 171 , 634 A.2d 608, 610 (1993), n. 3.

1993The majority holds that such an action may be brought because "a cause of action exists for a child, or actually children, that die after live birth. *159 A contrary holding in Hudak would be a departure from this rule." Coveleski v. Bubnis, 535 Pa. 166, 171 , 634 A.2d 608, 610 (1993), n. 3.

11
Commonwealth v. Barnesgreen
pasuperct · 1982 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
2 sentences

1989Commonwealth v. Barnes, 307 Pa.Super. at 146-47 , 452 A.2d at 1356 (emphasis added).

1989Commonwealth v. Barnes, 307 Pa.Super. at 146-47 , 452 A.2d at 1356 (emphasis added).

11
Senesac v. Assoc. in Obstetrics & Gynecologygreen
vt · 1982 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987
11
Stoler's Estategreen
· 1928 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1959–1959
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Pennsylvania. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (47)

CaseCitedYears
Gallagher v. Kemmerer neutral
pactcomplluzern · 1891
2 sentences

1948The fact that it may have been difficult to apportion to each tortfeasor the harm done by him to plaintiff did not warrant a departure from this rule: Gallagher v. Kemmerer et al., 144 Pa. 509 .” The court then points out that in Pennsylvania we have departed radically from the early common-law practice.

1942The fact that it may have been difficult to apportion to each tort-feasor the harm done by him to plaintiff did not warrant a departure from this rule: Gallagher v. Kemmerer et al., 144 Pa. 509 .

21942–1948
Commonwealth v. Edmunds green
pa · 1991
1 sentence

2026In furtherance of this argument, Lee advances a departure claim under Commonwealth v. Edmunds, 586 A.2d 887 (Pa. 1991), urging this Court to interpret our state charter’s prohibition against “cruel punishments” as providing greater protection to offenders than that afforded under the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which prohibits “cruel and unusual punishments.” U.S. Const. amend.

12026–2026
Welsh v. Bulger green
pa · 1997
2 sentences

2023Our Supreme Court’s decision in Welsh, supra, serves as an example of this.

2023Our Supreme Court’s decision in Welsh, supra, serves as an example of this.

12023–2023
Commonwealth v. Moury green
pasuperct · 2010
1 sentence

2017Appellant also claims that the court improperly relied on “the number of victims … to justify the departure from the standard range sentence[,]” despite that “she was sentenced on each individual charge….” Id.

12017–2017
Michener v. Montgomery County Tax Claim Bureau green
pacommwct · 1996
1 sentence

2009Michener v. Montgomery County Tax Claim Bureau, 671 A.2d 285 (Pa.Cmwlth.1996). [9] Section 607.1 was added by the Act of July 3, 1986, P.L. 35. [10] Because the upset sale was valid, this Court need not address Appellants argument that the trial court's decision to set aside the upset sale initially confirmed by the common pleas court was a departure from the rule that "judges of coordinate jurisdiction sitting in the same case should not overrule each other's decision on the same issue." In re De Facto Condemnation and Taking of Lands of WBF Associates, L.P.

12009–2009
Bainhauer v. LEHIGH VALLEY HOSP. green
pa · 2004
2 sentences

2005In so arguing she relies on this Court’s opinion in Bainhauer v. Lehigh Valley Hospital, 834 A.2d 1146 (Pa.Su *269 per.2003), appeal denied, 580 Pa. 693 , 860 A.2d 121 (2004). ¶ 13 In that case we reversed the trial court’s order precluding the introduction of expert opinion testimony that the administration of a certain drug to the hypertensive appellant as he underwent a severe and sustained drop in blood pressure during surgery was a departure from the standard of care.

2005In so arguing she relies on this Court’s opinion in Bainhauer v. Lehigh Valley Hospital, 834 A.2d 1146 (Pa.Su *269 per.2003), appeal denied, 580 Pa. 693 , 860 A.2d 121 (2004). ¶ 13 In that case we reversed the trial court’s order precluding the introduction of expert opinion testimony that the administration of a certain drug to the hypertensive appellant as he underwent a severe and sustained drop in blood pressure during surgery was a departure from the standard of care.

12005–2005
Bainhauer v. Lehigh Valley Hospital green
pasuperct · 2003
1 sentence

2005In so arguing she relies on this Court’s opinion in Bainhauer v. Lehigh Valley Hospital, 834 A.2d 1146 (Pa.Su *269 per.2003), appeal denied, 580 Pa. 693 , 860 A.2d 121 (2004). ¶ 13 In that case we reversed the trial court’s order precluding the introduction of expert opinion testimony that the administration of a certain drug to the hypertensive appellant as he underwent a severe and sustained drop in blood pressure during surgery was a departure from the standard of care.

12005–2005
Eichelman v. Nationwide Insurance green
pa · 1998
2 sentences

2002Co., 551 Pa. 558 , 711 A.2d 1006 (1998), a unanimous court squarely addressed the validity of the household exclusion outside the framework of analysis established in Marroquin and Paylor.

2002Co., 551 Pa. 558 , 711 A.2d 1006 (1998), a unanimous court squarely addressed the validity of the household exclusion outside the framework of analysis established in Marroquin and Paylor.

12002–2002
Johnson v. Zerbst green
scotus · 1938
2 sentences

2000In Cleckley , this Court described the genesis of the voluntariness focus in the Fourth Amendment context, and the rationale supporting a departure from a waiver construct requiring "an intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right or privilege,” see Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458, 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019, 1023 , 82 L.Ed. 1461 (1938); reviewed the determination in Schneckloth, 412 U.S. at 235-36 , 93 S.Ct. at 2051-52 , to the effect that, while the waiver analysis appropriately applies to safeguard constitutional guarantees involving the preservation of a fair trial of criminal defen

2000In Cleckley , this Court described the genesis of the voluntariness focus in the Fourth Amendment context, and the rationale supporting a departure from a waiver construct requiring "an intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right or privilege,” see Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458, 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019, 1023 , 82 L.Ed. 1461 (1938); reviewed the determination in Schneckloth, 412 U.S. at 235-36 , 93 S.Ct. at 2051-52 , to the effect that, while the waiver analysis appropriately applies to safeguard constitutional guarantees involving the preservation of a fair trial of criminal defen

12000–2000
Schneckloth v. Bustamonte green
scotus · 1973
2 sentences

2000In Cleckley , this Court described the genesis of the voluntariness focus in the Fourth Amendment context, and the rationale supporting a departure from a waiver construct requiring "an intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right or privilege,” see Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458, 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019, 1023 , 82 L.Ed. 1461 (1938); reviewed the determination in Schneckloth, 412 U.S. at 235-36 , 93 S.Ct. at 2051-52 , to the effect that, while the waiver analysis appropriately applies to safeguard constitutional guarantees involving the preservation of a fair trial of criminal defen

2000In Cleckley , this Court described the genesis of the voluntariness focus in the Fourth Amendment context, and the rationale supporting a departure from a waiver construct requiring "an intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right or privilege,” see Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458, 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019, 1023 , 82 L.Ed. 1461 (1938); reviewed the determination in Schneckloth, 412 U.S. at 235-36 , 93 S.Ct. at 2051-52 , to the effect that, while the waiver analysis appropriately applies to safeguard constitutional guarantees involving the preservation of a fair trial of criminal defen

12000–2000
Holt v. United States green
· 1910
2 sentences

1996Appellant urges this Court to reconsider the traditional delineation of testimonial versus non-testimonial evidence which was formulated by the United states Supreme Court as early as 1910 in the decision of Holt v. United States, 218 U.S. 245 , 31 S.Ct. 2 , 54 L.Ed. 1021 (1910).

1996Appellant urges this Court to reconsider the traditional delineation of testimonial versus non-testimonial evidence which was formulated by the United states Supreme Court as early as 1910 in the decision of Holt v. United States, 218 U.S. 245 , 31 S.Ct. 2 , 54 L.Ed. 1021 (1910).

11996–1996
Commonwealth v. Romesburg green
pa · 1986
2 sentences

1996See, Commonwealth v. Ragan, 438 Pa.Super. 505 , 652 A.2d 925 (1995); Commonwealth v. Romesburg, 353 Pa.Super. 215 , 509 A.2d 413 (1986); Commonwealth v. Benson, 280 Pa.Super. 20 , 421 A.2d 383 (1980); and Commonwealth v. Kloch, 230 Pa.Super. 563 , 327 A.2d 375 (1974). 8 Finally, we turn to a consideration of any public policy concerns unique to our Commonwealth which would require a departure from the analysis offered by the United States Supreme Court and our sister states on the issue at bar.

1996See, Commonwealth v. Ragan, 438 Pa.Super. 505 , 652 A.2d 925 (1995); Commonwealth v. Romesburg, 353 Pa.Super. 215 , 509 A.2d 413 (1986); Commonwealth v. Benson, 280 Pa.Super. 20 , 421 A.2d 383 (1980); and Commonwealth v. Kloch, 230 Pa.Super. 563 , 327 A.2d 375 (1974). 8 Finally, we turn to a consideration of any public policy concerns unique to our Commonwealth which would require a departure from the analysis offered by the United States Supreme Court and our sister states on the issue at bar.

11996–1996
Commonwealth v. Kloch green
pasuperct · 1974
2 sentences

1996See, Commonwealth v. Ragan, 438 Pa.Super. 505 , 652 A.2d 925 (1995); Commonwealth v. Romesburg, 353 Pa.Super. 215 , 509 A.2d 413 (1986); Commonwealth v. Benson, 280 Pa.Super. 20 , 421 A.2d 383 (1980); and Commonwealth v. Kloch, 230 Pa.Super. 563 , 327 A.2d 375 (1974). 8 Finally, we turn to a consideration of any public policy concerns unique to our Commonwealth which would require a departure from the analysis offered by the United States Supreme Court and our sister states on the issue at bar.

1996See, Commonwealth v. Ragan, 438 Pa.Super. 505 , 652 A.2d 925 (1995); Commonwealth v. Romesburg, 353 Pa.Super. 215 , 509 A.2d 413 (1986); Commonwealth v. Benson, 280 Pa.Super. 20 , 421 A.2d 383 (1980); and Commonwealth v. Kloch, 230 Pa.Super. 563 , 327 A.2d 375 (1974). 8 Finally, we turn to a consideration of any public policy concerns unique to our Commonwealth which would require a departure from the analysis offered by the United States Supreme Court and our sister states on the issue at bar.

11996–1996
Commonwealth v. Benson green
pasuperct · 1980
2 sentences

1996See, Commonwealth v. Ragan, 438 Pa.Super. 505 , 652 A.2d 925 (1995); Commonwealth v. Romesburg, 353 Pa.Super. 215 , 509 A.2d 413 (1986); Commonwealth v. Benson, 280 Pa.Super. 20 , 421 A.2d 383 (1980); and Commonwealth v. Kloch, 230 Pa.Super. 563 , 327 A.2d 375 (1974). 8 Finally, we turn to a consideration of any public policy concerns unique to our Commonwealth which would require a departure from the analysis offered by the United States Supreme Court and our sister states on the issue at bar.

1996See, Commonwealth v. Ragan, 438 Pa.Super. 505 , 652 A.2d 925 (1995); Commonwealth v. Romesburg, 353 Pa.Super. 215 , 509 A.2d 413 (1986); Commonwealth v. Benson, 280 Pa.Super. 20 , 421 A.2d 383 (1980); and Commonwealth v. Kloch, 230 Pa.Super. 563 , 327 A.2d 375 (1974). 8 Finally, we turn to a consideration of any public policy concerns unique to our Commonwealth which would require a departure from the analysis offered by the United States Supreme Court and our sister states on the issue at bar.

11996–1996
Unionville-Chadds Ford School District v. Rotteveel green
pacommwct · 1985
11988–1988
Millstein v. Millstein green
pasuperct · 1983
11985–1985
Commonwealth Ex Rel. Washington v. Maroney green
pa · 1967
11984–1984
Unemployment Compensation Board of Review v. Sun Oil Co. green
pa · 1978
11984–1984
Whiteside's Estate neutral
pa · 1931
11959–1959
Smith's Estate green
pa · 1934
11959–1959
Nace v. Neff College of Oratory neutral
pasuperct · 1911
11948–1948
Lawson v. Morrison green
· 1792
11944–1944
Norris v. Crowe neutral
pa · 1903
11938–1938
Haring v. Connell neutral
pa · 1914
11926–1926
Williams v. Ludwig Floral Co. neutral
pa · 1916
11926–1926
O'Malley v. Public Ledger Co. green
pa · 1917
11926–1926
Holzheimer v. Lit Bros. green
pa · 1918
11926–1926
Shisler v. Baxter neutral
pa · 1885
11911–1911
Justice v. Nesquehoning Valley Railroad green
pa · 1878
11908–1908
Estate of LaBar green
pa · 1897
11907–1907
Estate of Tyson green
pa · 1899
11907–1907
Trout v. Rominger green
pa · 1901
11907–1907
Maule v. Ashmead neutral
pa · 1853
11901–1901
M'Clowry v. Croghan's Administrator green
pa · 1854
11901–1901
Bowser v. Cessna neutral
· 1869
11901–1901
Whitesell & Sons ex rel. Maul v. Peck, Phillips & Wallace Co. green
pa · 1895
11899–1899
Blood v. Crew Levick Co. green
· 1895
11899–1899
Wistar v. McManes neutral
pa · 1867
11897–1897
Commonwealth v. Joseph Kohnle Brewing Co. neutral
pasuperct · 1896
11897–1897
Doberneck's Appeal neutral
pasuperct · 1896
11897–1897

Statutes the citing opinions construe

PA § 18 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1104 (3) PA § 18 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 2301 (3) PA § 18 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 2701 (3) PA § 18 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 2702 (3) PA § 18 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 2705 (3) PA § 18 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 302 (3) PA § 18 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 905 (3) PA § 42 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1123 (3) PA § 42 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 5552 (3) PA § 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1731 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

NY 129 (1848–2026) WA 99 (1896–2026) OR 53 (1887–2022) TX 52 (1856–2024) CA 47 (1910–2025) PA 45 (1895–2026) MN 40 (1888–2026) OH 35 (1924–2026) IL 32 (1899–2024) FL 31 (1929–2025) MI 25 (1894–2022) NJ 22 (1891–2026) MD 22 (1930–2025) TN 21 (1882–2012) AL 20 (1879–2000) KS 19 (1900–2022) VA 18 (1842–2013) NE 17 (1902–2022) MA 16 (1862–2012) MO 16 (1878–2018) MS 16 (1962–2008) CO 14 (1899–2013) IN 14 (1891–2024) SD 14 (1966–2024) WI 13 (1880–2006) LA 13 (1848–1991) DC 13 (1975–2021) ND 13 (1905–2022) MT 12 (1887–2024) AZ 12 (1938–2024) WV 11 (1907–2024) RI 11 (1966–2020) IA 10 (1895–2016) NC 8 (1898–2026) NM 8 (1914–2022) AR 6 (1898–2004) GA 6 (1859–2022) NV 6 (1926–2018) UT 6 (1891–2007) HI 6 (1978–2018) SC 5 (1932–2010) KY 5 (1913–1998) CT 5 (1974–2019) OK 4 (1927–2018) ME 4 (1854–2009) NH 4 (1840–2014) ID 4 (1928–2005) WY 4 (1963–2004) VT 4 (1926–2015) DE 3 (1961–1991) AK 3 (1886–2013)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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