substance claim in New Jersey

38 New Jersey opinions name it 3 courts 1950–2026 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New Jersey courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (17)

Case	Followed	Cited
Siccardi v. Stategreen nj · 1971 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013 2 sentences 2013Preis, supra, 118 N.J. at 570 , 573 A.2d 148 ; see Siccardi, supra, 59 N.J. at 557, 284 A.2d 533 (construing L. 1966, c. 60, § 35, pp. 501-02 (N.J.S.A. 2A:151-44)); II Final Report of the New Jersey Criminal Law Revision Commission, The New Jersey Penal Code: Commentary § 2C:58-4 at 370 (1971) (noting the drafters’ intention to continue to current law). 2013Preis, supra, 118 N.J. at 570 , 573 A.2d 148 ; see Siccardi, supra, 59 N.J. at 557, 284 A.2d 533 (construing L. 1966, c. 60, § 35, pp. 501-02 (N.J.S.A. 2A:151-44)); II Final Report of the New Jersey Criminal Law Revision Commission, The New Jersey Penal Code: Commentary § 2C:58-4 at 370 (1971) (noting the drafters’ intention to continue to current law).	2	2
State v. Melvingreen nj · 1974 · cited in 4 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1991–2020 2 sentences 2006Words which convey the substance of the warning along with the required information are sufficient. " [ State v. Melvin, 65 N.J. 1, 13-14 , 319 A. 2d 450 (1974) (citations omitted) (emphasis added).] See also State v. Dixon, 125 N.J. 223, 242 , 593 A. 2d 266 (1991); State v. Messino, 378 N.J.Super. 559, 577 , 876 A. 2d 818 (App. Div.), certif. denied, 185 N.J. 297 , 884 A. 2d 1266 (2005). 2006Words which convey the substance of the warning along with the required information are sufficient. " [ State v. Melvin, 65 N.J. 1, 13-14 , 319 A. 2d 450 (1974) (citations omitted) (emphasis added).] See also State v. Dixon, 125 N.J. 223, 242 , 593 A. 2d 266 (1991); State v. Messino, 378 N.J.Super. 559, 577 , 876 A. 2d 818 (App. Div.), certif. denied, 185 N.J. 297 , 884 A. 2d 1266 (2005).	1	4
Velasquez v. Franzgreen nj · 1991 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1995–2026 2 sentences 2026Typically, the merits of a claim are adjudicated during "a full trial of the substantive issues," but, increasingly, "statutes, rules, and court decisions" operate to bar retrial of judgments not "on the substance of a claim." Velasquez, 123 N.J. at 506 -07 (citing Restatement (Second) of Judgments, § 19). 1995“The term ‘res judicata ’ refers broadly to the common-law doctrine barring relitigation of claims or issues that have already been adjudicated.” Velasquez, supra, 123 N.J. at 505 , 589 A.2d 143 . 3 For a judicial decision to be accorded res judicata effect, it must be a valid and final adjudication on the merits of the claim. * * * Typically, the merits of a claim are adjudicated following a full trial of the substantive issues. * * * Increasingly, however, statutes, rules and court decisions operate to bar retrial of judgments that do not pass directly on the substance of a claim. * * * A ju	1	2
State v. Preciosegreen nj · 1992 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2022–2025 2 sentences 2025Therefore, our ruling in Southerland I A-2397-23 7 "constitute[d] a procedural bar to the reassertion of the same ground as a basis for post-conviction review." Preciose, 129 N.J. at 476 (citing R. 3:22-5). 2022See State v. Preciose, 129 N.J. 451, 476 (1992) ("[A] prior adjudication on the merits ordinarily constitutes a procedural bar to the reassertion of the same ground as a basis for [PCR]." (citing R. 3:22-5)).	1	2
In Re Murthagreen njsuperctappdiv · 1971 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010 2 sentences 2010Other than adding that caveat and updating the list of those who qualify as "clergy" under the statute, the substance of the privilege remained unaffected. [2] In re Murtha is poignantly instructive; it specifically disallowed the privilege for communications made to a Catholic nun, noting that she did not qualify under the statutory classifications of "clergyman, minister or other person or practitioner authorized to perform similar functions." Supra, 115 N.J.Super. at 386 , 279 A. 2d 889 . [3] In 1991, Evidence Rule 29 was re-codified as New Jersey Evidence Rule 511 as a result of the work o 2010Other than adding that caveat and updating the list of those who qualify as "clergy" under the statute, the substance of the privilege remained unaffected. [2] In re Murtha is poignantly instructive; it specifically disallowed the privilege for communications made to a Catholic nun, noting that she did not qualify under the statutory classifications of "clergyman, minister or other person or practitioner authorized to perform similar functions." Supra, 115 N.J.Super. at 386 , 279 A. 2d 889 . [3] In 1991, Evidence Rule 29 was re-codified as New Jersey Evidence Rule 511 as a result of the work o	1	2
AMER. CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION v. County of Hudsongreen njsuperctappdiv · 2002 · cited in 2 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009 2 sentences 2009To intervene as of right, the movant must establish the following: (1) claim “an interest relating to the property or transaction which is the subject of the transaction,” (2) show [that the movant] is “so situated that the disposition of the action may as a practical matter impair or impede its ability to protect that interest,” (3) demonstrate that the “[movant’s] interest” is not “adequately represented by existing parties,” and (4) make a “timely” application to intervene. [Id. at 67, 799 A.2d 629 ] “The substance of the rule permitting intervention as of right is ... ordinarily construed 2009To intervene as of right, the movant must establish the following: (1) claim “an interest relating to the property or transaction which is the subject of the transaction,” (2) show [that the movant] is “so situated that the disposition of the action may as a practical matter impair or impede its ability to protect that interest,” (3) demonstrate that the “[movant’s] interest” is not “adequately represented by existing parties,” and (4) make a “timely” application to intervene. [Id. at 67, 799 A.2d 629 ] “The substance of the rule permitting intervention as of right is ... ordinarily construed	1	2
John J. Robertelli v. New Jersey Office of Attorney Ethics (075584)green nj · 2016 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025 1 sentence 2025Ethics, 224 N.J. 470, 482 (2016) (quoting Gilbert v. Gladden, 87 N.J. 275 , 280–81 (1981)) (holding that when a court lacks jurisdiction over a matter, its authority to consider the substance of the claim is "wholly and immediately foreclosed").	1	1
State v. Cartergreen nj · 1981 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025 1 sentence 2025Even if we were to consider defendant's arguments under State v. Carter, 85 N.J. 300, 214 (1981) and State v. Nash, 212 N.J. 518, 549 (2013), the substance of his claim—the admissibility of the police officer's testimony and the application of the Wiretap Act—has already been thoroughly addressed and adjudicated on direct appeal.	1	1
United States v. Joseph Vanterpoolgreen ca2 · 1968 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005 1 sentence 2005Words which convey the substance of the warning alone with the required information are sufficient." State v. Melvin, 65 N.J. 1, 14 , 319 A. 2d 450 (1974) (quoting United States v. Vanterpool, 394 F. 2d 697, 698-99 (2d Cir.1968)).	1	1
Costello v. United Statesgreen scotus · 1961 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995	1	1
United States v. Martin Linen Supply Co.green scotus · 1977 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994	1	1
Baker v. Carrgreen scotus · 1962 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993	1	1
Fisher v. United Statesgreen scotus · 1976 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1986–1986	1	1
State v. Haskinsgreen nc · 1971 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1974–1974	1	1
State v. Johnsongreen nj · 1965 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1967–1967	1	1
State v. Gailesgreen njsuperctappdiv · 1960 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1961–1961	1	1
Sattelberger v. Telepgreen nj · 1954 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1954–1954	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New Jersey. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (39)

Case	Cited	Years
In Re Gun Permits of Preis green nj · 1990 2 sentences 2013Preis, supra, 118 N.J. at 570 , 573 A.2d 148 ; see Siccardi, supra, 59 N.J. at 557, 284 A.2d 533 (construing L. 1966, c. 60, § 35, pp. 501-02 (N.J.S.A. 2A:151-44)); II Final Report of the New Jersey Criminal Law Revision Commission, The New Jersey Penal Code: Commentary § 2C:58-4 at 370 (1971) (noting the drafters’ intention to continue to current law). 2013Preis, supra, 118 N.J. at 570 , 573 A.2d 148 ; see Siccardi, supra, 59 N.J. at 557, 284 A.2d 533 (construing L. 1966, c. 60, § 35, pp. 501-02 (N.J.S.A. 2A:151-44)); II Final Report of the New Jersey Criminal Law Revision Commission, The New Jersey Penal Code: Commentary § 2C:58-4 at 370 (1971) (noting the drafters’ intention to continue to current law).	2	2013–2013
Chesterbrooke Limited Partnership v. Planning Board green nj · 1989 2 sentences 2002P’ship v. Planning Bd., 237 N.J.Super. 118, 124 , 567 A.2d 221 (App.Div.), certif. denied, 118 N.J. 234 , 570 A.2d 984 (1989)).] The substance of the rule permitting intervention as of right is also ordinarily construed quite liberally. 2002P’ship v. Planning Bd., 237 N.J.Super. 118, 124 , 567 A.2d 221 (App.Div.), certif. denied, 118 N.J. 234 , 570 A.2d 984 (1989)).] The substance of the rule permitting intervention as of right is also ordinarily construed quite liberally.	2	2002–2002
Chesterbrooke Ltd. v. Planning Bd. green njsuperctappdiv · 1989 2 sentences 2002P’ship v. Planning Bd., 237 N.J.Super. 118, 124 , 567 A.2d 221 (App.Div.), certif. denied, 118 N.J. 234 , 570 A.2d 984 (1989)).] The substance of the rule permitting intervention as of right is also ordinarily construed quite liberally. 2002P’ship v. Planning Bd., 237 N.J.Super. 118, 124 , 567 A.2d 221 (App.Div.), certif. denied, 118 N.J. 234 , 570 A.2d 984 (1989)).] The substance of the rule permitting intervention as of right is also ordinarily construed quite liberally.	2	2002–2002
Harwick v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue green ca8 · 1943 2 sentences 1993The substance of the rule, prior to its codification, was stated in Dobson v. Commissioner, 46 BTA 770 (1942), rev’d sub nom., Harwick v. Commissioner, 133 F.2d 732 (8th Cir.), rev’d sub nom., Dobson v. Commissioner, 320 U.S. 489 , 64 S.Ct. 239 , 88 L.Ed. 248 (1943): Where there is recovery in respect of a loss sustained in an earlier year and a deduction of such loss claimed and allowed for the earlier year had effected an offset in taxable income, the amount recovered in the latter year should be included in taxable income for the year of recovery, [because] the prior deduction of the amount 1993Harwich v. Commissioner, 133 F.2d 732 (8th Cir.), rev’d sub nom.	2	1993–1993
State v. Nash green nj · 2013 1 sentence 2025Even if we were to consider defendant's arguments under State v. Carter, 85 N.J. 300, 214 (1981) and State v. Nash, 212 N.J. 518, 549 (2013), the substance of his claim—the admissibility of the police officer's testimony and the application of the Wiretap Act—has already been thoroughly addressed and adjudicated on direct appeal.	1	2025–2025
Gilbert v. Gladden green nj · 1981 1 sentence 2025Ethics, 224 N.J. 470, 482 (2016) (quoting Gilbert v. Gladden, 87 N.J. 275 , 280–81 (1981)) (holding that when a court lacks jurisdiction over a matter, its authority to consider the substance of the claim is "wholly and immediately foreclosed").	1	2025–2025
State v. Dixon green nj · 1991 2 sentences 2006Words which convey the substance of the warning along with the required information are sufficient. " [ State v. Melvin, 65 N.J. 1, 13-14 , 319 A. 2d 450 (1974) (citations omitted) (emphasis added).] See also State v. Dixon, 125 N.J. 223, 242 , 593 A. 2d 266 (1991); State v. Messino, 378 N.J.Super. 559, 577 , 876 A. 2d 818 (App. Div.), certif. denied, 185 N.J. 297 , 884 A. 2d 1266 (2005). 2006Words which convey the substance of the warning along with the required information are sufficient. " [ State v. Melvin, 65 N.J. 1, 13-14 , 319 A. 2d 450 (1974) (citations omitted) (emphasis added).] See also State v. Dixon, 125 N.J. 223, 242 , 593 A. 2d 266 (1991); State v. Messino, 378 N.J.Super. 559, 577 , 876 A. 2d 818 (App. Div.), certif. denied, 185 N.J. 297 , 884 A. 2d 1266 (2005).	1	2006–2006
State v. Messino green njsuperctappdiv · 2005 2 sentences 2006Words which convey the substance of the warning along with the required information are sufficient. " [ State v. Melvin, 65 N.J. 1, 13-14 , 319 A. 2d 450 (1974) (citations omitted) (emphasis added).] See also State v. Dixon, 125 N.J. 223, 242 , 593 A. 2d 266 (1991); State v. Messino, 378 N.J.Super. 559, 577 , 876 A. 2d 818 (App. Div.), certif. denied, 185 N.J. 297 , 884 A. 2d 1266 (2005). 2006Words which convey the substance of the warning along with the required information are sufficient. " [ State v. Melvin, 65 N.J. 1, 13-14 , 319 A. 2d 450 (1974) (citations omitted) (emphasis added).] See also State v. Dixon, 125 N.J. 223, 242 , 593 A. 2d 266 (1991); State v. Messino, 378 N.J.Super. 559, 577 , 876 A. 2d 818 (App. Div.), certif. denied, 185 N.J. 297 , 884 A. 2d 1266 (2005).	1	2006–2006
State v. Messino green nj · 2005 1 sentence 2006Words which convey the substance of the warning along with the required information are sufficient. " [ State v. Melvin, 65 N.J. 1, 13-14 , 319 A. 2d 450 (1974) (citations omitted) (emphasis added).] See also State v. Dixon, 125 N.J. 223, 242 , 593 A. 2d 266 (1991); State v. Messino, 378 N.J.Super. 559, 577 , 876 A. 2d 818 (App. Div.), certif. denied, 185 N.J. 297 , 884 A. 2d 1266 (2005).	1	2006–2006
State v. Budis green nj · 1991 2 sentences 2003State v. Budis, 125 N.J. 519, 530-32 , 593 A. 2d 784 (1991). 2003State v. Budis, 125 N.J. 519, 530-32 , 593 A. 2d 784 (1991).	1	2003–2003
State v. Cuni green nj · 1999 2 sentences 2003Although the Supreme Court in Cuni sanctioned the exclusion of evidence under N.J.S.A. 2C:14-7 when defendant did not comply with the statutory mandate to raise the question prior to trial, id. at 599 , 733 A. 2d 414 , we prefer to deal with the substance of the claim, in light of the clear constitutional implications. 2003Although the Supreme Court in Cuni sanctioned the exclusion of evidence under N.J.S.A. 2C:14-7 when defendant did not comply with the statutory mandate to raise the question prior to trial, id. at 599 , 733 A. 2d 414 , we prefer to deal with the substance of the claim, in light of the clear constitutional implications.	1	2003–2003
Lamb v. Global Landfill Reclaiming green nj · 1988 2 sentences 2001Beauchamp v. Amedio, 164 N.J. 111, 117 , 751 A. 2d 1047 (2000); Lamb v. Global Landfill, 111 N.J. 134, 144-45 , 543 A. 2d 443 (1988); Ayers v. Jackson Twp., 106 N.J. 557, 582 , 525 A. 2d 287 (1987); Caravaggio v. D'Agostini, 166 N.J. 237, 245 , 765 A. 2d 182 (2001); Vispisiano v. Ashland Chem. 2001Beauchamp v. Amedio, 164 N.J. 111, 117 , 751 A. 2d 1047 (2000); Lamb v. Global Landfill, 111 N.J. 134, 144-45 , 543 A. 2d 443 (1988); Ayers v. Jackson Twp., 106 N.J. 557, 582 , 525 A. 2d 287 (1987); Caravaggio v. D'Agostini, 166 N.J. 237, 245 , 765 A. 2d 182 (2001); Vispisiano v. Ashland Chem.	1	2001–2001
Lopez v. Swyer green nj · 1973 2 sentences 2001The substance of the rule was stated as follows in Lopez v. Swyer, 62 N.J. 267, 272 , 300 A. 2d 563 (1973), "in an appropriate case a cause of action will be held not to accrue until the injured party discovers, or by an exercise of reasonable diligence and intelligence should have discovered that he may have a basis for an actionable claim." The discovery rule applies to the Tort Claims Act, N.J.S.A. 59:1-1 to 12-3. 2001The substance of the rule was stated as follows in Lopez v. Swyer, 62 N.J. 267, 272 , 300 A. 2d 563 (1973), "in an appropriate case a cause of action will be held not to accrue until the injured party discovers, or by an exercise of reasonable diligence and intelligence should have discovered that he may have a basis for an actionable claim." The discovery rule applies to the Tort Claims Act, N.J.S.A. 59:1-1 to 12-3.	1	2001–2001
Ayers v. Township of Jackson green nj · 1987 2 sentences 2001Beauchamp v. Amedio, 164 N.J. 111, 117 , 751 A. 2d 1047 (2000); Lamb v. Global Landfill, 111 N.J. 134, 144-45 , 543 A. 2d 443 (1988); Ayers v. Jackson Twp., 106 N.J. 557, 582 , 525 A. 2d 287 (1987); Caravaggio v. D'Agostini, 166 N.J. 237, 245 , 765 A. 2d 182 (2001); Vispisiano v. Ashland Chem. 2001Beauchamp v. Amedio, 164 N.J. 111, 117 , 751 A. 2d 1047 (2000); Lamb v. Global Landfill, 111 N.J. 134, 144-45 , 543 A. 2d 443 (1988); Ayers v. Jackson Twp., 106 N.J. 557, 582 , 525 A. 2d 287 (1987); Caravaggio v. D'Agostini, 166 N.J. 237, 245 , 765 A. 2d 182 (2001); Vispisiano v. Ashland Chem.	1	2001–2001
Beauchamp v. Amedio green nj · 2000 2 sentences 2001Beauchamp v. Amedio, 164 N.J. 111, 117 , 751 A. 2d 1047 (2000); Lamb v. Global Landfill, 111 N.J. 134, 144-45 , 543 A. 2d 443 (1988); Ayers v. Jackson Twp., 106 N.J. 557, 582 , 525 A. 2d 287 (1987); Caravaggio v. D'Agostini, 166 N.J. 237, 245 , 765 A. 2d 182 (2001); Vispisiano v. Ashland Chem. 2001Beauchamp v. Amedio, 164 N.J. 111, 117 , 751 A. 2d 1047 (2000); Lamb v. Global Landfill, 111 N.J. 134, 144-45 , 543 A. 2d 443 (1988); Ayers v. Jackson Twp., 106 N.J. 557, 582 , 525 A. 2d 287 (1987); Caravaggio v. D'Agostini, 166 N.J. 237, 245 , 765 A. 2d 182 (2001); Vispisiano v. Ashland Chem.	1	2001–2001
Caravaggio v. D'AGOSTINI green nj · 2001 2 sentences 2001Beauchamp v. Amedio, 164 N.J. 111, 117 , 751 A. 2d 1047 (2000); Lamb v. Global Landfill, 111 N.J. 134, 144-45 , 543 A. 2d 443 (1988); Ayers v. Jackson Twp., 106 N.J. 557, 582 , 525 A. 2d 287 (1987); Caravaggio v. D'Agostini, 166 N.J. 237, 245 , 765 A. 2d 182 (2001); Vispisiano v. Ashland Chem. 2001Beauchamp v. Amedio, 164 N.J. 111, 117 , 751 A. 2d 1047 (2000); Lamb v. Global Landfill, 111 N.J. 134, 144-45 , 543 A. 2d 443 (1988); Ayers v. Jackson Twp., 106 N.J. 557, 582 , 525 A. 2d 287 (1987); Caravaggio v. D'Agostini, 166 N.J. 237, 245 , 765 A. 2d 182 (2001); Vispisiano v. Ashland Chem.	1	2001–2001
Reilly v. Brice green nj · 1988 2 sentences 1998R. 4:69 — 6(c); Reilly v. Brice, 109 N.J. 555, 557-58 , 538 A.2d 362 (1988). 1998R. 4:69 — 6(c); Reilly v. Brice, 109 N.J. 555, 557-58 , 538 A.2d 362 (1988).	1	1998–1998
HAYES EX REL. HAYES v. Pittsgrove Tp. Bd. of Educ. green njsuperctappdiv · 1994 1 sentence 1997A Court should be concerned with “ ... the substance of the claim, not with the form in which it is presented____” Hayes, supra, at 456, 635 A.2d 998 .	1	1997–1997
State v. Bzura green njsuperctappdiv · 1993 1 sentence 1996Ibid.	1	1996–1996
Watkins v. Resorts International Hotel & Casino Inc. green nj · 1991 2 sentences 1995“The term ‘res judicata ’ refers broadly to the common-law doctrine barring relitigation of claims or issues that have already been adjudicated.” Velasquez, supra, 123 N.J. at 505 , 589 A.2d 143 . 3 For a judicial decision to be accorded res judicata effect, it must be a valid and final adjudication on the merits of the claim. * * * Typically, the merits of a claim are adjudicated following a full trial of the substantive issues. * * * Increasingly, however, statutes, rules and court decisions operate to bar retrial of judgments that do not pass directly on the substance of a claim. * * * A ju 1995“The term ‘res judicata ’ refers broadly to the common-law doctrine barring relitigation of claims or issues that have already been adjudicated.” Velasquez, supra, 123 N.J. at 505 , 589 A.2d 143 . 3 For a judicial decision to be accorded res judicata effect, it must be a valid and final adjudication on the merits of the claim. * * * Typically, the merits of a claim are adjudicated following a full trial of the substantive issues. * * * Increasingly, however, statutes, rules and court decisions operate to bar retrial of judgments that do not pass directly on the substance of a claim. * * * A ju	1	1995–1995
Bill J. Gambocz v. Anthony M. Yelencsics green ca3 · 1972 2 sentences 1995“The term ‘res judicata ’ refers broadly to the common-law doctrine barring relitigation of claims or issues that have already been adjudicated.” Velasquez, supra, 123 N.J. at 505 , 589 A.2d 143 . 3 For a judicial decision to be accorded res judicata effect, it must be a valid and final adjudication on the merits of the claim. * * * Typically, the merits of a claim are adjudicated following a full trial of the substantive issues. * * * Increasingly, however, statutes, rules and court decisions operate to bar retrial of judgments that do not pass directly on the substance of a claim. * * * A ju 1995"The term ` res judicata ' refers broadly to the common-law doctrine barring relitigation of claims or issues that have already been adjudicated." Velasquez, supra, 123 N.J. at 505 , 589 A. 2d 143 . [3] For a judicial decision to be accorded res judicata effect, it must be a valid and final adjudication on the merits of the claim. * * * Typically, the merits of a claim are adjudicated following a full trial of the substantive issues. * * * Increasingly, however, statutes, rules and court decisions operate to bar retrial of judgments that do not pass directly on the substance of a claim. * * *	1	1995–1995
State v. Collette green njsuperctappdiv · 1992	1	1994–1994
City of Newark v. Township of Jefferson green nj · 1993	1	1994–1994
Dobson v. Commissioner green bta · 1942	1	1993–1993
Dobson v. Commissioner green scotus · 1944	1	1993–1993
Hillsboro National Bank v. Commissioner green scotus · 1983	1	1993–1993
Duckworth v. Eagan green scotus · 1989	1	1991–1991
Snyder v. Mekhjian green njsuperctappdiv · 1990	1	1991–1991
Goodson v. Searle Laboratories green ctd · 1978	1	1981–1981
Dunkin v. Syntex Laboratories, Inc. green tnwd · 1977	1	1981–1981
State v. Davis green nj · 1975	1	1975–1975
State v. Jester green nj · 1975	1	1975–1975
R. D. Evans v. Harold R. Swenson, Warden green ca8 · 1972	1	1974–1974
Winberry v. Salisbury green nj · 1950	1	1973–1973
Brooke v. City of Norfolk green scotus · 1928	1	1959–1959
Coffin Brothers & Co. v. Bennett green scotus · 1928	1	1959–1959
Greenberg v. Feather green nj · 1940	1	1955–1955
State v. Healy green minn · 1917	1	1950–1950
State v. Horton green conn · 1945	1	1950–1950

Statutes the citing opinions construe

NJ § N.J. Stat. § 2C:11-3 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

IN 372 (1892–2025) TX 273 (1878–2026) CA 128 (1911–2026) IL 101 (1875–2026) NY 69 (1865–2026) PA 64 (1870–2026) CT 48 (1896–2025) CO 45 (1910–2026) OR 40 (1928–2026) NJ 38 (1950–2026) OH 35 (1900–2026) MI 34 (1892–2025) FL 33 (1946–2026) NC 31 (1931–2025) TN 31 (1907–2017) MO 31 (1867–2025) MA 29 (1895–2024) AL 29 (1897–2025) IA 28 (1871–2026) AZ 25 (1965–2025) OK 24 (1913–2017) MD 24 (1914–2026) MN 22 (1892–2026) MS 22 (1969–2024) ID 22 (1905–2019) GA 21 (1935–2024) WI 19 (1906–2026) WV 18 (1925–2025) WA 17 (1925–2021) KS 17 (1922–2006) VA 15 (1936–2024) LA 14 (1934–2020) ME 14 (1968–2026) NM 14 (1922–2024) NE 14 (1905–2021) UT 13 (1925–2025) DC 10 (1973–2021) KY 10 (1912–2021) ND 10 (1982–2015) AR 10 (1906–2017) SC 8 (1950–2024) DE 8 (1936–2026) NV 7 (1977–2021) VT 7 (1898–2026) RI 7 (1890–2016) HI 6 (1973–2010) SD 6 (1912–2021) NH 4 (1845–2012) WY 4 (1958–2020) AK 3 (1979–2024) MT 3 (1940–2022)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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