concluded standard (Colorado) · Go Syfert
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concluded standard in Colorado

32 Colorado opinions name it 2 courts 1959–2026 7 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Colorado courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (17)

CaseFollowedCited
Harris v. Regional Transportation Districtgreen
coloctapp · 2000 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025See id.

11
Gilbert v. Californiagreen
scotus · 1967 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024He contends that he would have requested to bifurcate the charges and he would have opposed a continuance because he “intended to exercise his right to a speedy resolution of the case.” He relies on Key v. People, 865 P.2d 822 (Colo. 1994), to support that the pretrial readiness conference was “critical” because there existed “more than a ‘minimal risk’ that” his or counsel’s absence “might impair [his] right to a fair trial.” Id. at 825 (quoting Gilbert v. California, 388 U.S. 263, 267 (1967)). 12 ¶ 33 Here, though, there was minimal risk of the court violating Toney’s rights because no subst

11
In the Interest of J.B.green
pa · 2014 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
2 sentences

2021After reviewing studies examining juvenile sex offender recidivism rates, the court concluded that this presumption was unsupported given that "the vast majority of juvenile offenders are unlikely to recidivate." Id. at 18 .

2021The court also found relevant the discussions in Roper , Graham , and Miller regarding the unique characteristics of juvenile offenders, noting that "these distinctions between adults and juveniles are particularly relevant in the area of sexual offenses, where many acts of delinquency involve immaturity, impulsivity, and sexual curiosity rather than hardened criminality ... [or] ‘irretrievable depravity.’ " Id. at 19 ( quoting Miller , 567 U.S. at 471 , 132 S.Ct. 2455 ) .

11
James D. Hodgson, Secretary of Labor, United States Department of Labor v. The Prophet Company, a Corporationgreen
ca10 · 1973 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
1 sentence

2013Id. 20 In Hodgson v. Prophet Co., 472 F.2d 196, 198-207 (10th Cir.1973), the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals held that, for purposes of the overtime and minimum wage provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act, a food service company that operated a college's dining facilities was engaging in retail sales.

11
In Re the Marriage of Conradsongreen
coloctapp · 1979 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009Section 14-10-1150 (1)(a), C.R.8.2009, states, "The child support guidelines and schedule of basic child support obligations have the following purposes: (D[tjo establish as state policy an adequate standard of support for children, subject to the ability of parents to pay...." Section 14-10-115(1)(b), C.R.S.2009, provides, "The child support guidelines and schedule of basic child support obligations do the following: (I) [clalculate child support based upon the parents' combined adjusted gross income. . .." In In re Marriage of Conradson, 43 Colo.App. 432, 434 , 604 P.2d 701, 703 (1979), a di

2009Section 14-10-1150 (1)(a), C.R.8.2009, states, "The child support guidelines and schedule of basic child support obligations have the following purposes: (D[tjo establish as state policy an adequate standard of support for children, subject to the ability of parents to pay...." Section 14-10-115(1)(b), C.R.S.2009, provides, "The child support guidelines and schedule of basic child support obligations do the following: (I) [clalculate child support based upon the parents' combined adjusted gross income. . .." In In re Marriage of Conradson, 43 Colo.App. 432, 434 , 604 P.2d 701, 703 (1979), a di

11
In Re JCTgreen
colo · 2007 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
2 sentences

2009In addition, section 15-14-2092), C.R.S.2009, states, "A guardian need not use the guardian's personal funds for the ward's expenses." In In re J.C.T., 176 P.3d 726, 730 (Colo.2007), the supreme court stated, "Generally probate courts establish guardianships for the purpose of protecting and caring for those in society who cannot fend for themselves...." A guardian is "responsible for the ward's physical well-being," including the provision of "shelter, food, clothing, medical care or other necessities of life." Id. (quot, ing Peter Mosanyi, Comment, A Survey of State Guardianship Statutes: On

2009In addition, section 15-14-2092), C.R.S.2009, states, "A guardian need not use the guardian's personal funds for the ward's expenses." In In re J.C.T., 176 P.3d 726, 730 (Colo.2007), the supreme court stated, "Generally probate courts establish guardianships for the purpose of protecting and caring for those in society who cannot fend for themselves...." A guardian is "responsible for the ward's physical well-being," including the provision of "shelter, food, clothing, medical care or other necessities of life." Id. (quot, ing Peter Mosanyi, Comment, A Survey of State Guardianship Statutes: On

11
People v. Merchantgreen
coloctapp · 1999 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
1 sentence

2007Relying on People v. Merchant, 983 P.2d 108, 112-13 (Colo.App.1999), a case the trial court viewed as factually similar, the trial court concluded the doctrine of laches should be applied because the seven-year delay between the receipt of defendant’s letter and the public defender’s filing the supplemental motion would frustrate the beneficial purposes of section 16-5-402.

11
Sullivan v. Louisianagreen
scotus · 1993 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
2 sentences

2001See also Sullivan v. Louisiana, 508 U.S. 275 , 113 S.Ct. 2078 , 124 L.Ed.2d 182 (1993) (erroneous reasonable doubt instruction was structural error mandating reversal).

2001See also Sullivan v. Louisiana, 508 U.S. 275 , 113 S.Ct. 2078 , 124 L.Ed.2d 182 (1993) (erroneous reasonable doubt instruction was structural error mandating reversal).

11
City of Shelbyville v. Shelbyville Restorium, Inc.green
ill · 1983 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992
2 sentences

1992Improvement Auth., 769 P.2d at 134 (function test which applies to sovereign immunity from suit is not to be equated with immunity from limitations); and City of Shelbyville, 451 N.E.2d at 875-76 , 71 Ill.Dec. at 721-22 (abolition of immunity from liability does not require abolition of immunity from limitations).

1992Improvement Auth., 769 P.2d at 134 (function test which applies to sovereign immunity from suit is not to be equated with immunity from limitations); and City of Shelbyville, 451 N.E.2d at 875-76 , 71 Ill.Dec. at 721-22 (abolition of immunity from liability does not require abolition of immunity from limitations).

11
Oklahoma City Municipal Improvement Authority v. HTB, Inc.green
okla · 1989 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992
11
Lessard v. Schmidtgreen
wied · 1972 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 1980–1980
11
Lessard v. Schmidtgreen
wied · 1974 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 1980–1980
11
Schmidt v. Lessardgreen
scotus · 1974 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 1980–1980
11
Lessard v. Schmidtgreen
wied · 1976 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 1980–1980
11
In Re WINSHIPgreen
scotus · 1970 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 1980–1980
11
Stacy v. Mahangreen
pawd · 1975 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 1980–1980
11
Whitmarsh v. Massachusettsgreen
pawd · 1975 · cited in 1 Colorado opinions naming this issue, 1980–1980
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Colorado. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (28)

CaseCitedYears
Joe Harry Pegg v. United States green
ca11 · 2001
2 sentences

2016Id. (citation omitted).

2016Id. (citation omitted).

22016–2016
In re BankAtlantic Bancorp, Inc. Securities Litigation green
flsd · 2011
2 sentences

2026Id. at 1311 . ¶43 On these facts, the court concluded that the inquiry that class counsel had conducted was not unreasonable under the circumstances.

2026Id.

12026–2026
Ajay Sports, Inc. v. Casazza green
coloctapp · 2000
1 sentence

2025The court concluded that the defense did not apply unless the plaintiffs’ conduct was “outrageous,” but the law requires only “improper conduct” that “relate[s] directly to the underlying litigation.” Id.

12025–2025
Hamrick v. People green
colo · 1981
1 sentence

2025Id. at 1323-24 .

12025–2025
Ardolino v. People green
colo · 2003
1 sentence

2025In short, Spencer’s presentation on this claim at the postconviction hearing had too many holes in it to justify the conclusion that trial counsel’s decision not to call an eyewitness identification expert was anything other than a legitimate strategic decision — the kind that is 10 “virtually unchallengeable.” Ardolino, 69 P.3d at 76 .

12025–2025
Key v. People green
colo · 1994
2 sentences

2024He contends that he would have requested to bifurcate the charges and he would have opposed a continuance because he “intended to exercise his right to a speedy resolution of the case.” He relies on Key v. People, 865 P.2d 822 (Colo. 1994), to support that the pretrial readiness conference was “critical” because there existed “more than a ‘minimal risk’ that” his or counsel’s absence “might impair [his] right to a fair trial.” Id. at 825 (quoting Gilbert v. California, 388 U.S. 263, 267 (1967)). 12 ¶ 33 Here, though, there was minimal risk of the court violating Toney’s rights because no subst

2024He contends that he would have requested to bifurcate the charges and he would have opposed a continuance because he “intended to exercise his right to a speedy resolution of the case.” He relies on Key v. People, 865 P.2d 822 (Colo. 1994), to support that the pretrial readiness conference was “critical” because there existed “more than a ‘minimal risk’ that” his or counsel’s absence “might impair [his] right to a fair trial.” Id. at 825 (quoting Gilbert v. California, 388 U.S. 263, 267 (1967)). 12 ¶ 33 Here, though, there was minimal risk of the court violating Toney’s rights because no subst

12024–2024
Miller v. Alabama green
scotus · 2012
2 sentences

2021The court also found relevant the discussions in Roper , Graham , and Miller regarding the unique characteristics of juvenile offenders, noting that "these distinctions between adults and juveniles are particularly relevant in the area of sexual offenses, where many acts of delinquency involve immaturity, impulsivity, and sexual curiosity rather than hardened criminality ... [or] ‘irretrievable depravity.’ " Id. at 19 ( quoting Miller , 567 U.S. at 471 , 132 S.Ct. 2455 ) .

2021The court also found relevant the discussions in Roper , Graham , and Miller regarding the unique characteristics of juvenile offenders, noting that "these distinctions between adults and juveniles are particularly relevant in the area of sexual offenses, where many acts of delinquency involve immaturity, impulsivity, and sexual curiosity rather than hardened criminality ... [or] ‘irretrievable depravity.’ " Id. at 19 ( quoting Miller , 567 U.S. at 471 , 132 S.Ct. 2455 ) .

12021–2021
People v. Petschow green
coloctapp · 2004
1 sentence

2019Id.

12019–2019
Oregon v. Elstad green
scotus · 1985
2 sentences

2016The court's order specifically concluded that "Colorado society would agree that a parolee living at home has a reasonable expectation of greater privacy than a community corrections resident." The court also found that the search was done at a reasonable hour, was reasonable because it was not prolonged, and was not harassing. ¶ 26 As to the voluntariness of Triplett's statements to Kopp, the court concluded the test in Oregon v. Elstad , 470 U.S. 298 , 105 S.Ct. 1285 , 84 L.Ed.2d 222 (1985), was applicable.

2016The court's order specifically concluded that "Colorado society would agree that a parolee living at home has a reasonable expectation of greater privacy than a community corrections resident." The court also found that the search was done at a reasonable hour, was reasonable because it was not prolonged, and was not harassing. ¶ 26 As to the voluntariness of Triplett's statements to Kopp, the court concluded the test in Oregon v. Elstad , 470 U.S. 298 , 105 S.Ct. 1285 , 84 L.Ed.2d 222 (1985), was applicable.

12016–2016
Watson v. Regional Transportation District green
colo · 1988
1 sentence

2015In that context, the court concluded that the doctrine was "based upon a legal fiction unsupported by, and in direct opposition to, valid policy considerations." Id. at 139 .

12015–2015
People v. Mares green
coloctapp · 2011
1 sentence

2014Id. at 708 1 1 23 Here, the trial court's instruction went well beyond the instruction in Mares.

12014–2014
Regional Transportation District v. Martin Marietta Corp. green
colo · 1991
1 sentence

2013Id. 20 In Hodgson v. Prophet Co., 472 F.2d 196, 198-207 (10th Cir.1973), the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals held that, for purposes of the overtime and minimum wage provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act, a food service company that operated a college's dining facilities was engaging in retail sales.

12013–2013
Newton v. Nationwide Mutual Fire Insurance green
colo · 1979
2 sentences

2011Nonetheless, the court concluded that the clause was void as against public policy because the SSDI and UM/UIM benefits "overlap[ped] to some extent but [were] not duplicative." Id. at 1809 (quoting Newton, 197 Colo. at 468 , 594 P.2d at 1046 ).

2011Nonetheless, the court concluded that the clause was void as against public policy because the SSDI and UM/UIM benefits "overlap[ped] to some extent but [were] not duplicative." Id. at 1809 (quoting Newton, 197 Colo. at 468 , 594 P.2d at 1046 ).

12011–2011
People v. Vanrees green
coloctapp · 2003
1 sentence

2005Consequently, the court concluded that the instruction constituted reversible error because it allowed the jury to convict Vanrees “without necessarily finding beyond a reasonable doubt that he was aware that his conduct was practically certain to cause the proscribed results,” id. at 844 , and, in so doing, unconstitutionally lowered the prosecution’s burden of proof.

12005–2005
People v. Arevalo neutral
coloctapp · 1992
1 sentence

2001We are not persuaded otherwise by People v. Arevalo, supra. There, because the conflict between the statute and the rule concerned a procedural matter, a division of this court concluded that the rule prevailed.

12001–2001
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. green
scotus · 1993
1 sentence

2001Id. at 594 , 118 S.Ct. 2786 .

12001–2001
Alexander v. United States Department of Housing & Urban Development green
scotus · 1979
2 sentences

2001Id. at 46 , 99 S.Ct. 1572 .

2001Id. at 46 , 99 S.Ct. 1572 .

12001–2001
People v. Arrington green
coloctapp · 1983
2 sentences

1999In People v. Arrington, 682 P.2d 490 (Colo.App.1984), another division of this court concluded that the doctrine of collateral estoppel precluded the prosecution from introducing evidence of a prior armed robbery for which defendant was acquitted.

1999In People v. Arrington, 682 P.2d 490 (Colo.App.1984), another division of this court concluded that the doctrine of collateral estoppel precluded the prosecution from introducing evidence of a prior armed robbery for which defendant was acquitted.

11999–1999
Colorado Civil Rights Commission v. Big O Tires, Inc. green
colo · 1997
1 sentence

1998First, the court concluded that the analysis of McDonnell-Douglas and its progeny “represents a clear and thorough analytical framework for evaluating claims of employment discrimination.” Hence, it adopted that analytical model, but modified the language expressing the requirement for a prima facie case so as to “accommodate various kinds of employment decisions and various forms of discrimination.” Colorado Civil Rights Commission v. Big O Tires, Inc., supra, 940 P.2d at 400 .

11998–1998
People v. Padilla green
colo · 1981
2 sentences

1996The substance of that pattern instruction was approved by our supreme court in People v. Padilla, 638 P.2d 15 (Colo.1981) in which the court concluded that the instruction does not require “a unanimous decision on the greater offense before consideration of the lesser.” People v. Padilla, supra, 638 P.2d at 18 .

1996The substance of that pattern instruction was approved by our supreme court in People v. Padilla, 638 P.2d 15 (Colo.1981) in which the court concluded that the instruction does not require “a unanimous decision on the greater offense before consideration of the lesser.” People v. Padilla, supra, 638 P.2d at 18 .

11996–1996
Mill v. State, Department of Health green
coloctapp · 1994
2 sentences

1994The Mill III, 868 P.2d at 1103 .

1994The Mill III, 868 P.2d at 1103 .

11994–1994
Commonwealth, Department of Transportation v. J. W. Bishop & Co. green
pa · 1981
11992–1992
United States v. John W. Downing green
ca3 · 1985
11991–1991
McKoy v. North Carolina green
scotus · 1990
11990–1990
People in Interest of CB green
colo · 1978
11980–1980
Superintendent of Worcester State Hospital v. Hagberg green
mass · 1978
11980–1980
Boyd v. People green
colo · 1941
11977–1977
Pleasant Valley & Lake Canal Co. v. Maxwell neutral
colo · 1933
11959–1959

Statutes the citing opinions construe

CO § Colo. Rev. Stat. § 24-51-1105 (4)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 235 (1965–2026) IL 158 (1908–2026) TX 156 (1916–2026) FL 77 (1966–2025) MD 69 (1958–2025) WA 68 (1943–2025) PA 64 (1951–2026) MI 55 (1970–2026) NJ 52 (1958–2025) OR 47 (1966–2025) WI 47 (1962–2025) OH 44 (1978–2024) CT 42 (1976–2023) IN 35 (1982–2021) MN 35 (1939–2016) TN 33 (1997–2025) CO 32 (1959–2026) NY 31 (1975–2023) LA 30 (1954–2023) KS 29 (1982–2025) AZ 29 (1987–2026) NC 21 (1979–2025) MO 21 (1892–2019) UT 19 (1988–2026) IA 19 (1974–2025) MA 19 (1995–2025) AL 18 (1985–2016) ND 17 (1962–2020) DC 16 (1973–2022) NM 16 (1991–2023) NE 14 (1960–2022) AK 14 (1981–2025) OK 13 (1944–2025) NV 12 (1986–2018) KY 11 (1936–2021) HI 10 (1996–2018) ID 10 (1987–2023) VA 9 (1988–2020) SC 9 (1956–2021) GA 9 (1983–2022) MT 8 (1981–2022) VT 8 (1992–2026) MS 7 (1972–2021) WV 7 (1978–2014) DE 6 (1992–2026) RI 6 (1970–2001) ME 5 (1996–2016) WY 5 (2000–2025) AR 5 (1983–2009) NH 3 (2003–2012) SD 3 (1990–2023)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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