rigorous standard (Maryland) · Go Syfert
← Maryland issues

rigorous standard in Maryland

23 Maryland opinions name it 2 courts 1925–2026 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Maryland courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (14)

CaseFollowedCited
Dorsey v. Stategreen
md · 1976 · cited in 3 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022We decline to make Maryland an outlier by adopting an even more rigorous standard for harmless error review. 27 Dorsey, 276 Md. at 649 (emphasis added).

2022We decline to make Maryland an outlier by adopting an even more rigorous standard for harmless error review. 27 Dorsey, 276 Md. at 649 (emphasis added).

33
McDonald v. Stategreen
md · 1997 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
2 sentences

2012See also McDonald v. State, 347 Md. 452, 467 , 701 A.2d 675 (1997); State v. Coley, 145 Md.App. at 521 , 805 A.2d 1186 .

2012See also McDonald v. State, 347 Md. 452, 467 , 701 A.2d 675 (1997); State v. Coley, 145 Md.App. at 521 , 805 A.2d 1186 .

11
Commonwealth v. Ducagreen
pa · 1933 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
2 sentences

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

11
Philpot v. Stategreen
alactapp · 1966 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
2 sentences

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

11
United States v. Michael Warren Coletta, John A. Wilms, Herve Bitton, Hernan Castrogreen
ca9 · 1982 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
1 sentence

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

11
United States v. Donald Lorrin Cronngreen
ca5 · 1983 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
1 sentence

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

11
State v. Coegreen
tenn · 1983 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
1 sentence

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

11
Murphy v. Holmangreen
almd · 1965 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
1 sentence

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

11
Hollis v. Ellisgreen
txsd · 1961 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
1 sentence

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

11
State v. Christensengreen
moctapp · 1986 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
2 sentences

1989Cf. State v. Christensen, 720 S.W.2d 738, 739 (Mo.App.1986) (holding Batson inapplicable when white defendant objects to use of peremptory strikes against blacks, but suggesting that white defendant could have prevailed had he met the more rigorous standard of Swain v. Alabama, 380 U.S. 202 , 85 S.Ct. 824 , 13 L.Ed.2d 759 (1965)).

1989Cf. State v. Christensen, 720 S.W.2d 738, 739 (Mo. App. 1986) (holding Batson inapplicable when white defendant objects to use of peremptory strikes against blacks, but suggesting that white defendant could have prevailed had he met the more rigorous standard of Swain v. Alabama, 380 U.S. 202 , 85 S.Ct. 824 , 13 L.Ed.2d 759 (1965)).

11
Stanley v. Stategreen
mdctspecapp · 1974 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987
2 sentences

1987If warrant-issuing judges are permitted “a standard less demanding than those used in more formal legal proceedings,” a fortiori, officers on the street will be allowed the less demanding standard: “[G]iven the informal, often hurried context in which it must be applied, the ‘built-in subtleties,’ Stanley v. State, 19 Md.App. 507, 528 , 313 A.2d 847, 860 (1974), of the ‘two-pronged test’ are particularly unlikely to assist magistrates in determining probable cause.” 462 U.S. at 236 , 103 S.Ct. at 2331 .

1987If warrant-issuing judges are permitted “a standard less demanding than those used in more formal legal proceedings,” a fortiori, officers on the street will be allowed the less demanding standard: “[G]iven the informal, often hurried context in which it must be applied, the ‘built-in subtleties,’ Stanley v. State, 19 Md.App. 507, 528 , 313 A.2d 847, 860 (1974), of the ‘two-pronged test’ are particularly unlikely to assist magistrates in determining probable cause.” 462 U.S. at 236 , 103 S.Ct. at 2331 .

11
Alsager v. District Court of Polk Cty., Iowagreen
iasd · 1975 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 1978–1978
11
City of Lakewood v. Pillowgreen
colo · 1972 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 1978–1978
11
People v. Barksdalegreen
cal · 1972 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 1978–1978
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (1)

CaseNegativeCited
People v. S.R.yellow
nysupct · 1987 · cited in 1 Maryland opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
2 sentences

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

11

Also cited on this issue (25)

CaseCitedYears
Illinois v. Gates green
scotus · 1983
2 sentences

1990Illinois v. Gates reminded us, 462 U.S. at 235-236 , 103 S.Ct. at 2330 , that the warrant-issuing magistrates themselves need not be legally trained, that search warrants “long have been issued by persons who are neither lawyers nor judges” and that “warrants are — quite properly ... — issued on the basis of nontechnical, commonsense judgments of laymen applying a standard less demanding than those used in more formal legal proceedings.” Thus, while the “clearly erroneous” test demands some legally sufficient evidence for each and every element to be proved — to wit, that a prima facie case be

1990Illinois v. Gates reminded us, 462 U.S. at 235-236 , 103 S.Ct. at 2330 , that the warrant-issuing magistrates themselves need not be legally trained, that search warrants “long have been issued by persons who are neither lawyers nor judges” and that “warrants are — quite properly ... — issued on the basis of nontechnical, commonsense judgments of laymen applying a standard less demanding than those used in more formal legal proceedings.” Thus, while the “clearly erroneous” test demands some legally sufficient evidence for each and every element to be proved — to wit, that a prima facie case be

51983–2008
State v. Amerman green
mdctspecapp · 1990
2 sentences

2012In line with that clear directive, this Court held in State v. Amerman, 84 Md.App. at 473 , 581 A.2d 19 : Thus, while the “clearly erroneous” test demands some legally sufficient evidence for each and every element to be proved—to wit, that a prima facie case be established— Illinois v. Gates rejected such a rigorous standard for. establishing probable cause and opted instead for a “totality of circumstances” approach wherein an excess of evidence as to one aspect of proof may make up for a deficit as to another.

2012In line with that clear directive, this Court held in State v. Amerman, 84 Md.App. at 473 , 581 A.2d 19 : Thus, while the “clearly erroneous” test demands some legally sufficient evidence for each and every element to be proved—to wit, that a prima facie case be established— Illinois v. Gates rejected such a rigorous standard for. establishing probable cause and opted instead for a “totality of circumstances” approach wherein an excess of evidence as to one aspect of proof may make up for a deficit as to another.

32002–2017
Attorney General of Maryland v. Waldron green
md · 1981
2 sentences

2003Id. at 706 , 426 A.2d 929 ." And in O.C.

2003Id. at 706 , 426 A.2d 929 ." And in O.C.

21983–2003
Terry v. Ohio green
scotus · 1968
2 sentences

2026Terry places at the center of that inquiry the State’s interest in “effective crime prevention and detection[.]” Id.

2026Terry contemplates a more rigorous analysis which, when performed here, decisively favors the constitutionality of the stop. 1 The starting point under Terry is “the nature and extent of the governmental interests involved.” 392 U.S. at 22 .

12026–2026
Washington v. Harper red
scotus · 1990
1 sentence

2016Id.

12016–2016
United States v. Armstrong green
scotus · 1996
2 sentences

2012The Supreme Court noted that, because such a request "will divert prosecutors' resources and may disclose the Government’s prosecutorial strategy,” the "justifications for a rigorous standard for the elements of a selective-prosecution claim thus require a correspondingly rigorous standard for discovery in aid of such a claim.” 517 U.S. at 468 , 116 S.Ct. 1480 .

2012The Supreme Court noted that, because such a request "will divert prosecutors' resources and may disclose the Government’s prosecutorial strategy,” the "justifications for a rigorous standard for the elements of a selective-prosecution claim thus require a correspondingly rigorous standard for discovery in aid of such a claim.” 517 U.S. at 468 , 116 S.Ct. 1480 .

12012–2012
State v. Coley green
mdctspecapp · 2002
2 sentences

2012See also McDonald v. State, 347 Md. 452, 467 , 701 A.2d 675 (1997); State v. Coley, 145 Md.App. at 521 , 805 A.2d 1186 .

2012See also McDonald v. State, 347 Md. 452, 467 , 701 A.2d 675 (1997); State v. Coley, 145 Md.App. at 521 , 805 A.2d 1186 .

12012–2012
McNeil v. State green
mdctspecapp · 1996
2 sentences

2012In McNeil, 112 Md.App. at 465 , 685 A.2d 839 , this Court noted that a similar standard should be used for evaluating a request for a hearing on a claim for prosecutorial misconduct. .

2012In McNeil, 112 Md.App. at 465 , 685 A.2d 839 , this Court noted that a similar standard should be used for evaluating a request for a hearing on a claim for prosecutorial misconduct. .

12012–2012
Fogle v. H & G Restaurant, Inc. green
md · 1995
2 sentences

2009Fogle v. H & G Restaurant, 337 Md. 441, 453-55 , 654 A.2d 449 (1995).

2009Fogle v. H & G Restaurant, 337 Md. 441, 453-55 , 654 A.2d 449 (1995).

12009–2009
Koritz v. North Carolina green
scotus · 1947
2 sentences

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

11989–1989
Haraway v. Arkansas green
scotus · 1942
2 sentences

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

11989–1989
Alexander v. Texas neutral
scotus · 1954
2 sentences

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

11989–1989
State v. . Koritz green
nc · 1947
2 sentences

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

11989–1989
Alexander v. State green
texcrimapp · 1954
2 sentences

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

11989–1989
Haraway v. State green
ark · 1942
2 sentences

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

11989–1989
Swain v. Alabama red
scotus · 1965
2 sentences

1989Cf. State v. Christensen, 720 S.W.2d 738, 739 (Mo. App. 1986) (holding Batson inapplicable when white defendant objects to use of peremptory strikes against blacks, but suggesting that white defendant could have prevailed had he met the more rigorous standard of Swain v. Alabama, 380 U.S. 202 , 85 S.Ct. 824 , 13 L.Ed.2d 759 (1965)).

1989Cf. State v. Christensen, 720 S.W.2d 738, 739 (Mo. App. 1986) (holding Batson inapplicable when white defendant objects to use of peremptory strikes against blacks, but suggesting that white defendant could have prevailed had he met the more rigorous standard of Swain v. Alabama, 380 U.S. 202 , 85 S.Ct. 824 , 13 L.Ed.2d 759 (1965)).

11989–1989
Levasseur v. Wainwright green
scotus · 1984
1 sentence

1989But see People v. S.R., 136 Misc.2d 54 , 517 N.Y.S.2d 864, 865-867 (1987). [4] See, e.g., Philpot v. State, 43 Ala.App. 326, 328 , 190 So.2d 293, 296 (1966); Haraway v. State, 203 Ark. 912, 914 , 159 S.W.2d 733, 734 , cert. denied, 317 U.S. 648 , 63 S.Ct. 42 , 87 L.Ed. 521 (1942); State v. Koritz, 227 N.C. 552, 556 , 43 S.E.2d 77, 80 , cert. denied, 332 U.S. 768 , 68 S.Ct. 80 , 92 L.Ed. 354 (1947); Commonwealth v. Duca, 312 Pa. 101, 105-106 , 165 A. 825, 826-827 (1933); State v. Coe, 655 S.W.2d 903, 909-910 (Tenn. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1063 , 104 S.Ct. 745 , 79 L.Ed.2d 203 (1984); Alex

11989–1989
United States v. Agurs red
scotus · 1976
2 sentences

1989The reason for holding the prosecution to a rigorous standard of performance in such a situation is clear: “In those cases the Court has applied a strict standard of materiality, not just because they involve prosecutorial misconduct, but more importantly because they involve a corruption of the truth-seeking function of the trial process.” 427 U.S. at 104 , 96 S.Ct. at 2398 .

1989The reason for holding the prosecution to a rigorous standard of performance in such a situation is clear: “In those cases the Court has applied a strict standard of materiality, not just because they involve prosecutorial misconduct, but more importantly because they involve a corruption of the truth-seeking function of the trial process.” 427 U.S. at 104 , 96 S.Ct. at 2398 .

11989–1989
Exxon Corp. v. Eagerton green
scotus · 1983
11986–1986
Exxon Corp. v. Eagerton neutral
scotus · 1983
11986–1986
Clements v. Fashing green
scotus · 1982
11986–1986
Bullock v. Carter green
scotus · 1972
11979–1979
Johnson v. Johnson neutral
wash · 1915
11925–1925
Wehr v. German Evangelical Lutheran Saint Matthew's Congregation neutral
md · 1877
11925–1925
Polley v. Polley green
md · 1916
11925–1925

Where else courts name it

TX 204 (1915–2026) IN 131 (1989–2025) OH 102 (1991–2026) CA 97 (1923–2026) LA 81 (1911–2022) OR 74 (1928–2026) NY 71 (1878–2026) IL 67 (1908–2026) FL 46 (1974–2025) AL 40 (1912–2026) NJ 40 (1976–2026) ID 34 (1972–2023) WA 32 (1944–2026) MA 32 (1973–2026) PA 28 (1925–2026) NC 28 (1913–2021) KS 23 (1879–2026) MD 23 (1925–2026) NV 22 (1996–2024) DC 21 (1952–2023) GA 21 (1983–2026) AR 20 (1893–2024) MI 20 (1919–2025) CT 19 (1976–2025) ND 18 (1982–2002) RI 18 (1983–2025) WI 18 (1906–2025) TN 18 (1931–2025) NM 16 (1978–2021) MN 15 (1972–2018) UT 14 (1933–2016) MO 14 (1896–2025) KY 14 (1946–2026) VT 14 (1980–2026) WY 14 (1893–2025) ME 13 (1972–2020) IA 11 (1915–2026) CO 11 (1995–2022) WV 11 (1909–2022) AZ 10 (1981–2026) VA 10 (1906–2020) DE 7 (1989–2026) AK 6 (1972–2011) NH 5 (1990–2018) MT 4 (1900–2016) OK 4 (2007–2023) SD 4 (1902–2013) MS 4 (1893–2018) HI 3 (1981–2009) SC 3 (1989–2026) NE 2 (1897–2004)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

← Caselaw search · G Cite Topics · Brief Check