lesser standard (Pennsylvania) · Go Syfert
← Pennsylvania issues

lesser standard in Pennsylvania

101 Pennsylvania opinions name it 10 courts 1974–2026 18 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Pennsylvania courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (39)

CaseFollowedCited
Whren v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 1996 · cited in 9 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2008–2016
2 sentences

2016Furthermore, [w]hile it is argued the lesser standard will allow a vehicle stop to be made based on pretextual motives, the United States Supreme Court made clear that case law “foreclose[s] any argument that the constitutional reasonableness of traffic stops depends on the actual motivations of the individual officers involved.” [Commonwealth v. ]Whren, [ 517 U.S. 806 ] at 813, 116 S.Ct. 1769 [(1996)].

2016Furthermore, [w]hile it is argued the lesser standard will allow a vehicle stop to be made based on pretextual motives, the United States Supreme Court made clear that case law “foreclose[s] any argument that the constitutional reasonableness of traffic stops depends on the actual motivations of the individual officers involved.” [Commonwealth v. ]Whren, [ 517 U.S. 806 ] at 813, 116 S.Ct. 1769 [(1996)].

89
Commonwealth v. Chasegreen
pa · 2008 · cited in 8 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2013–2022
2 sentences

2015“While it is argued the lesser standard [reasonable suspicion] will allow a vehicle stop to be made based on pretextual motives, the United States Supreme Court made clear that case law ‘ foreclose [s] any argument that the constitutional reasonableness of traffic stops depends on the actual motivations of the individual officers involved.’” Commonwealth v. Chase, 960 A.2d 108, 120 (Pa. 2008) citing Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806, 813 (1996); See also Commonwealth v. Foglia, 979 A.2d 357, 361-62 (Pa. Super. 2009) (Stating that observations made after the officer intends to stop the defen

2014“While it is argued the lesser standard [reasonable suspicion] will allow a vehicle stop to be made based on pretextual motives, the United States Supreme Court made clear that case law ‘foreclose^] any argument that the constitutional reasonableness of traffic stops depends on the actual motivations of the individual officers involved.’” Commonwealth v. Chase, 960 A.2d 108, 120 (Pa. 2008) citing Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806, 813 (1996); See also Commonwealth v. Foglia, 979 A.2d 357, 361-62 (Pa. Super. 2009) (Stating that observations made after the officer intends to stop the defendan

78
Commonwealth v. Fogliagreen
pasuperct · 2009 · cited in 7 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2013–2015
2 sentences

2015“While it is argued the lesser standard [reasonable suspicion] will allow a vehicle stop to be made based on pretextual motives, the United States Supreme Court made clear that case law ‘ foreclose [s] any argument that the constitutional reasonableness of traffic stops depends on the actual motivations of the individual officers involved.’” Commonwealth v. Chase, 960 A.2d 108, 120 (Pa. 2008) citing Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806, 813 (1996); See also Commonwealth v. Foglia, 979 A.2d 357, 361-62 (Pa. Super. 2009) (Stating that observations made after the officer intends to stop the defen

2014“While it is argued the lesser standard [reasonable suspicion] will allow a vehicle stop to be made based on pretextual motives, the United States Supreme Court made clear that case law ‘foreclose^] any argument that the constitutional reasonableness of traffic stops depends on the actual motivations of the individual officers involved.’” Commonwealth v. Chase, 960 A.2d 108, 120 (Pa. 2008) citing Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806, 813 (1996); See also Commonwealth v. Foglia, 979 A.2d 357, 361-62 (Pa. Super. 2009) (Stating that observations made after the officer intends to stop the defendan

77
Apprendi v. New Jerseygreen
scotus · 2000 · cited in 7 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2004–2025
2 sentences

2025See, e.g., Apprendi, 530 U.S. at 496 (recognizing the significant distinction between accepting the validity of a prior conviction resulting from a proceeding in which the defendant had the right to a jury trial and the right to require the prosecutor to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, and allowing a judge to find a required fact under a lesser standard of proof).

2025Apprendi attempted to justify distinct treatment for prior convictions by referring to a “vast difference between accepting the validity of a prior judgment” where the defendant enjoyed full procedural safeguards, “and allowing the judge to find the required fact under a lesser standard of proof.” Apprendi, 530 U.S. at 496 ; see also Majority Op. at 9-10 (quoting this passage).

47
Wright v. Commonwealthgreen
pa · 2014 · cited in 5 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2016–2019
2 sentences

2019The harmless error standard, as 164 set forth by this Court in Commonwealth v. Story, 383 A.2d [155], [(Pa. 1978)] (citations omitted), states that "[w]henever there is a `reasonable possibility' that an error 'might have contributed to the conviction,' the error is not harmless." This standard, which places the burden on the Commonwealth to show that the error did not contribute to the verdict beyond a reasonable doubt, is a lesser standard than the Pierce prejudice standard...." Spot; 84 A.3d at 315 (emphasis added).

2018"This standard, which places the burden on the Commonwealth to show that the error did not contribute to the verdict beyond a reasonable doubt, is a lesser standard than the ... prejudice standard, which requires the defendant to show that counsel's conduct had an actual adverse effect on the outcome of the proceedings." Id.

35
Commonwealth v. Storygreen
pa · 1978 · cited in 4 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1994–2021
2 sentences

2021The harmless error standard, as set forth by this Court in Commonwealth v. Story, 383 A.2d 155, 164 (Pa. 1978) (citations omitted), states that “[w]henever there is a ‘reasonable possibility’ that an error ‘might have contributed to the conviction,’ the error is not harmless.” This standard, which places the burden on the Commonwealth to show that the error did not contribute to the verdict beyond a reasonable doubt, is a lesser standard than the Pierce prejudice standard, which requires the defendant to show that counsel’s conduct had an actual adverse effect on the outcome of the proceedings

2009The harmless error standard, as set forth by this court in Commonwealth v. Story, 476 Pa. 391 , 383 A.2d 155 (1978), states that ‘[w]henever there is a “reasonable possibility” that an error “might have contributed to the conviction,” the error is not harmless.’ This standard, which places the burden on the Commonwealth to show that the error did not contribute to the verdict beyond a reasonable doubt, is a lesser standard than the Pierce prejudice standard, which requires the defendant to show that counsel’s conduct had an actual adverse effect on the outcome of the proceedings.

24
Commonwealth v. Gleasongreen
pa · 2001 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2018–2023
2 sentences

2023See Commonwealth v. Gleason, 785 A.2d 983 (Pa. 2001); Commonwealth v. Garcia, 859 A.2d 820 (Pa. Super. 2004).

2018See id.

22
Skeen v. Stategreen
minn · 1993 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017Dist. v. Walter, 58 Ohio St.2d 368 , 390 N.E.2d 813, 817-19 (1979); cf. Kukor v. Grover, 148 Wis.2d 469 , 436 N.W.2d 568, 579 (1989) (determining that an "equal opportunity for education" is a fundamental right under the state’s education clause, but holding that the state’s education funding system was subject to rational basis review); Skeen v. State, 505 N.W.2d 299, 313 (Minn. 1993) (similarly finding that education is. a fundamental right under the state charter and, while strict scrutiny should apply "in determining whether the legislature has met a student’s fundamental right to a genera

2017Dist. v. Walter, 390 N.E.2d 813, 817-19 (Ohio 1979); cf. Kukor v. Grover, 436 N.W.2d 568, 579 (Wis. 1989) (determining that an “equal opportunity for education” is a fundamental right under the state’s education clause, but holding that the state’s education funding system was subject to rational basis review); Skeen v. State, 505 N.W.2d 299, 313 (Minn. 1993) (similarly finding that education is a fundamental right under the state charter and, while strict scrutiny should apply “in determining whether the legislature has met a student’s fundamental right to a general and uniform system of publ

22
Board of Education v. Waltergreen
ohio · 1979 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017Dist. v. Walter, 58 Ohio St.2d 368 , 390 N.E.2d 813, 817-19 (1979); cf. Kukor v. Grover, 148 Wis.2d 469 , 436 N.W.2d 568, 579 (1989) (determining that an "equal opportunity for education" is a fundamental right under the state’s education clause, but holding that the state’s education funding system was subject to rational basis review); Skeen v. State, 505 N.W.2d 299, 313 (Minn. 1993) (similarly finding that education is. a fundamental right under the state charter and, while strict scrutiny should apply "in determining whether the legislature has met a student’s fundamental right to a genera

2017Dist. v. Walter, 58 Ohio St.2d 368 , 390 N.E.2d 813, 817-19 (1979); cf. Kukor v. Grover, 148 Wis.2d 469 , 436 N.W.2d 568, 579 (1989) (determining that an "equal opportunity for education" is a fundamental right under the state’s education clause, but holding that the state’s education funding system was subject to rational basis review); Skeen v. State, 505 N.W.2d 299, 313 (Minn. 1993) (similarly finding that education is. a fundamental right under the state charter and, while strict scrutiny should apply "in determining whether the legislature has met a student’s fundamental right to a genera

22
Kukor v. Grovergreen
wis · 1989 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017Dist. v. Walter, 58 Ohio St.2d 368 , 390 N.E.2d 813, 817-19 (1979); cf. Kukor v. Grover, 148 Wis.2d 469 , 436 N.W.2d 568, 579 (1989) (determining that an "equal opportunity for education" is a fundamental right under the state’s education clause, but holding that the state’s education funding system was subject to rational basis review); Skeen v. State, 505 N.W.2d 299, 313 (Minn. 1993) (similarly finding that education is. a fundamental right under the state charter and, while strict scrutiny should apply "in determining whether the legislature has met a student’s fundamental right to a genera

2017Dist. v. Walter, 58 Ohio St.2d 368 , 390 N.E.2d 813, 817-19 (1979); cf. Kukor v. Grover, 148 Wis.2d 469 , 436 N.W.2d 568, 579 (1989) (determining that an "equal opportunity for education" is a fundamental right under the state’s education clause, but holding that the state’s education funding system was subject to rational basis review); Skeen v. State, 505 N.W.2d 299, 313 (Minn. 1993) (similarly finding that education is. a fundamental right under the state charter and, while strict scrutiny should apply "in determining whether the legislature has met a student’s fundamental right to a genera

22
Commonwealth v. Quilesgreen
pasuperct · 1993 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2014–2015
2 sentences

2015Further, the suppression court judge is entitled to believe all, part or none of the evidence presented.” Commonwealth v. Santiago, 980 A.2d 659, 664 (Pa. Super. 2009); See also Commonwealth v. Costa-Hernandez, 802 A.2d 671, 675 (Pa. Super. 2002); See also Commonwealth v. Quiles, 619 A.2d 291, 292 (Pa. Super. 1993) citing Commonwealth v. Smith, 577 A.2d 1387, 1388 (Pa. Super. 1990). 11.

2014Further, the suppression court judge is entitled to believe all, part or none of the evidence presented.” Commonwealth v. Santiago, 980 A.2d 659, 664 (Pa. Super. 2009); See also Commonwealth v. Costa-Hernandez, 802 A.2d 671, 675 (Pa. Super. 2002); See also Commonwealth v. Quiles, 619 A.2d 291, 292 (Pa. Super. 1993) citing Commonwealth v. Smith, 577 A.2d 1387, 1388 (Pa. Super. 1990). 10. § 4914.

22
Commonwealth v. Costa-Hernandezgreen
pasuperct · 2002 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2014–2015
2 sentences

2015Further, the suppression court judge is entitled to believe all, part or none of the evidence presented.” Commonwealth v. Santiago, 980 A.2d 659, 664 (Pa. Super. 2009); See also Commonwealth v. Costa-Hernandez, 802 A.2d 671, 675 (Pa. Super. 2002); See also Commonwealth v. Quiles, 619 A.2d 291, 292 (Pa. Super. 1993) citing Commonwealth v. Smith, 577 A.2d 1387, 1388 (Pa. Super. 1990). 11.

2014Further, the suppression court judge is entitled to believe all, part or none of the evidence presented.” Commonwealth v. Santiago, 980 A.2d 659, 664 (Pa. Super. 2009); See also Commonwealth v. Costa-Hernandez, 802 A.2d 671, 675 (Pa. Super. 2002); See also Commonwealth v. Quiles, 619 A.2d 291, 292 (Pa. Super. 1993) citing Commonwealth v. Smith, 577 A.2d 1387, 1388 (Pa. Super. 1990). 10. § 4914.

22
Commonwealth v. Santiagogreen
pasuperct · 2009 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2014–2015
2 sentences

2015Further, the suppression court judge is entitled to believe all, part or none of the evidence presented.” Commonwealth v. Santiago, 980 A.2d 659, 664 (Pa. Super. 2009); See also Commonwealth v. Costa-Hernandez, 802 A.2d 671, 675 (Pa. Super. 2002); See also Commonwealth v. Quiles, 619 A.2d 291, 292 (Pa. Super. 1993) citing Commonwealth v. Smith, 577 A.2d 1387, 1388 (Pa. Super. 1990). 11.

2014Further, the suppression court judge is entitled to believe all, part or none of the evidence presented.” Commonwealth v. Santiago, 980 A.2d 659, 664 (Pa. Super. 2009); See also Commonwealth v. Costa-Hernandez, 802 A.2d 671, 675 (Pa. Super. 2002); See also Commonwealth v. Quiles, 619 A.2d 291, 292 (Pa. Super. 1993) citing Commonwealth v. Smith, 577 A.2d 1387, 1388 (Pa. Super. 1990). 10. § 4914.

22
Commonwealth v. Smithgreen
pa · 1990 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2014–2015
2 sentences

2015Further, the suppression court judge is entitled to believe all, part or none of the evidence presented.” Commonwealth v. Santiago, 980 A.2d 659, 664 (Pa. Super. 2009); See also Commonwealth v. Costa-Hernandez, 802 A.2d 671, 675 (Pa. Super. 2002); See also Commonwealth v. Quiles, 619 A.2d 291, 292 (Pa. Super. 1993) citing Commonwealth v. Smith, 577 A.2d 1387, 1388 (Pa. Super. 1990). 11.

2014Further, the suppression court judge is entitled to believe all, part or none of the evidence presented.” Commonwealth v. Santiago, 980 A.2d 659, 664 (Pa. Super. 2009); See also Commonwealth v. Costa-Hernandez, 802 A.2d 671, 675 (Pa. Super. 2002); See also Commonwealth v. Quiles, 619 A.2d 291, 292 (Pa. Super. 1993) citing Commonwealth v. Smith, 577 A.2d 1387, 1388 (Pa. Super. 1990). 10. § 4914.

22
Commonwealth v. Platougreen
pa · 1973 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
2 sentences

1983See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Platou, 455 Pa. 258 , 312 A.2d 29 (1973), cert. denied, 417 U.S. 976 , 94 S.Ct. 3183 , 41 L.Ed.2d 1146 (1974); Commonwealth v. Ware, 446 Pa. 52 , 284 A.2d 700 (1971), cert. granted, 405 U.S. 987 , 92 S.Ct. 1254 , 31 L.Ed.2d 453 (1972), cert. vacated and denied, 406 U.S. 910 , 92 S.Ct. 1606 , 31 L.Ed.2d 821 . 3 Because Common Pleas based its decision here upon a lesser standard of proof, 4 we vacate its order and direct it to hold a rehearing and thereafter decide the case under the proper standard. 5 As stated, appellee filed a petition to involuntarily terminate app

1983See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Platou, 455 Pa. 258 , 312 A.2d 29 (1973), cert. denied, 417 U.S. 976 , 94 S.Ct. 3183 , 41 L.Ed.2d 1146 (1974); Commonwealth v. Ware, 446 Pa. 52 , 284 A.2d 700 (1971), cert. granted, 405 U.S. 987 , 92 S.Ct. 1254 , 31 L.Ed.2d 453 (1972), cert. vacated and denied, 406 U.S. 910 , 92 S.Ct. 1606 , 31 L.Ed.2d 821 . 3 Because Common Pleas based its decision here upon a lesser standard of proof, 4 we vacate its order and direct it to hold a rehearing and thereafter decide the case under the proper standard. 5 As stated, appellee filed a petition to involuntarily terminate app

22
Matter of Adoption of David C.green
pa · 1978 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
2 sentences

1983See Matter of Adoption of David C., 479 Pa. 1 , 387 A.2d 804 (1978).

1983See Matter of Adoption of David C., 479 Pa. 1 , 387 A.2d 804 (1978).

22
Pennsylvania v. Platougreen
scotus · 1974 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
22
Heyne v. Nelson ex rel. Nelsongreen
scotus · 1974 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
22
Cox v. Chesapeake & Ohio Railroadgreen
scotus · 1974 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
2 sentences

1983See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Platou, 455 Pa. 258 , 312 A.2d 29 (1973), cert. denied, 417 U.S. 976 , 94 S.Ct. 3183 , 41 L.Ed.2d 1146 (1974); Commonwealth v. Ware, 446 Pa. 52 , 284 A.2d 700 *167 (1971), cert. granted, 405 U.S. 987 , 92 S.Ct. 1254 , 31 L.Ed.2d 453 (1972), cert. vacated and denied, 406 U.S. 910 , 92 S.Ct. 1606 , 31 L.Ed.2d 821 . [3] Because Common Pleas based its decision here upon a lesser standard of proof, [4] we vacate its order and direct it to hold a rehearing and thereafter decide the case under the proper standard. [5] As stated, appellee filed a petition to involuntarily te

1983See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Platou, 455 Pa. 258 , 312 A.2d 29 (1973), cert. denied, 417 U.S. 976 , 94 S.Ct. 3183 , 41 L.Ed.2d 1146 (1974); Commonwealth v. Ware, 446 Pa. 52 , 284 A.2d 700 (1971), cert. granted, 405 U.S. 987 , 92 S.Ct. 1254 , 31 L.Ed.2d 453 (1972), cert. vacated and denied, 406 U.S. 910 , 92 S.Ct. 1606 , 31 L.Ed.2d 821 . 3 Because Common Pleas based its decision here upon a lesser standard of proof, 4 we vacate its order and direct it to hold a rehearing and thereafter decide the case under the proper standard. 5 As stated, appellee filed a petition to involuntarily terminate app

22
Alleyne v. United Statesgreen
· 2013 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2018–2021
2 sentences

2021See Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 496 (2000) (“[T]here is a vast difference between accepting the validity of a prior judgment of conviction[,] entered in a proceeding in which a defendant had the right to a jury trial and the right to require the prosecutor to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, and allowing the judge to find the required fact under a lesser standard of proof.”). -6- J-A26025-20 In Alleyne v. U.S., 570 U.S. 99 (2013), the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Sixth Amendment requires that any fact—other than a prior conviction—that increases a mandatory

2021Id. (emphasis added); see also Apprendi, supra (holding Due Process Clause of Fifth Amendment and notice and jury-trial guarantees of Sixth Amendment, as applied to states through Fourteenth Amendment, requires any fact, other than a prior conviction, that increases maximum penalty to be submitted to jury and proven beyond a reasonable doubt) (emphasis added).

12
Commonwealth v. Wrightgreen
pa · 1985 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1998–1999
2 sentences

1999See Commonwealth v. Wright, 508 Pa. 25, 39 , 494 A.2d 354, 361 (1985), aff'd. sub nom.

1999See Commonwealth v. Wright, 508 Pa. 25, 39 , 494 A.2d 354, 361 (1985), aff'd. sub nom.

12
Camara v. Municipal Court of City and County of San Franciscogreen
scotus · 1967 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1986–1990
2 sentences

1990Health and safety inspectors, and perhaps other categories of inspectors, may obtain warrants upon a showing that "reasonable legislative or administrative standards for conducting an ... inspection are satisfied with respect to a particular [establishment].” Barlow's, 436 U.S. at 320 , 98 S.Ct. at 1824 (citing Camara, 387 U.S. at 538 , 87 S.Ct. at 1736 ).

1990Health and safety inspectors, and perhaps other categories of inspectors, may obtain warrants upon a showing that "reasonable legislative or administrative standards for conducting an ... inspection are satisfied with respect to a particular [establishment].” Barlow's, 436 U.S. at 320 , 98 S.Ct. at 1824 (citing Camara, 387 U.S. at 538 , 87 S.Ct. at 1736 ).

12
Commonwealth v. Waregreen
pa · 1971 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1983–1983
2 sentences

1983See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Platou, 455 Pa. 258 , 312 A.2d 29 (1973), cert. denied, 417 U.S. 976 , 94 S.Ct. 3183 , 41 L.Ed.2d 1146 (1974); Commonwealth v. Ware, 446 Pa. 52 , 284 A.2d 700 (1971), cert. granted, 405 U.S. 987 , 92 S.Ct. 1254 , 31 L.Ed.2d 453 (1972), cert. vacated and denied, 406 U.S. 910 , 92 S.Ct. 1606 , 31 L.Ed.2d 821 . 3 Because Common Pleas based its decision here upon a lesser standard of proof, 4 we vacate its order and direct it to hold a rehearing and thereafter decide the case under the proper standard. 5 As stated, appellee filed a petition to involuntarily terminate app

1983See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Platou, 455 Pa. 258 , 312 A.2d 29 (1973), cert. denied, 417 U.S. 976 , 94 S.Ct. 3183 , 41 L.Ed.2d 1146 (1974); Commonwealth v. Ware, 446 Pa. 52 , 284 A.2d 700 (1971), cert. granted, 405 U.S. 987 , 92 S.Ct. 1254 , 31 L.Ed.2d 453 (1972), cert. vacated and denied, 406 U.S. 910 , 92 S.Ct. 1606 , 31 L.Ed.2d 821 . 3 Because Common Pleas based its decision here upon a lesser standard of proof, 4 we vacate its order and direct it to hold a rehearing and thereafter decide the case under the proper standard. 5 As stated, appellee filed a petition to involuntarily terminate app

12
In Re DMgreen
pa · 2001 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
11
Middletown Township v. Lands of Stonegreen
pa · 2007 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
11
Commonwealth v. Clousergreen
pasuperct · 2010 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
11
Chambers v. Maroneygreen
scotus · 1970 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
11
South Dakota v. Oppermangreen
scotus · 1976 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
11
Commonwealth v. Howardgreen
pa · 1994 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
11
Commonwealth v. Wrecksgreen
pasuperct · 2007 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
11
Marshall v. City of Philadelphiagreen
pa · 2014 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
11
In the Matter of: L.Z., Appeal of: L.Z.green
pa · 2015 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
11
Commonwealth v. Holmesgreen
pa · 2013 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
11
Marone v. Commonwealth, Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensinggreen
pacommwct · 2010 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
11
Commonwealth v. Braceygreen
pa · 2001 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
11
Commonwealth v. Karetnygreen
pa · 2005 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
Commonwealth v. Anthonygreen
pasuperct · 1992 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
11
Commonwealth v. Griffithgreen
pa · 2011 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
11
Lanning v. Westgreen
pasuperct · 2002 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Pennsylvania. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (41)

CaseCitedYears
Banner v. COM., DEPT. OF TRANSP. green
pa · 1999
2 sentences

2016Id.

2016See Marone, 990 A.2d at 1190 ; Banner, 737 A.2d at 1207 .

42010–2016
Petrovick v. COM., DEPT OF TRANSP. green
pa · 1999
2 sentences

2001Appellants assert that the New Jersey statute permits a conviction when a motorist is merely under the influence of an intoxicant, a lesser standard than that specified in the Compact, i.e., the driver must be under the influence of an intoxicant "to a degree which renders [him] incapable of safely driving a motor vehicle." DOT disagrees with Appellants' contention that the New Jersey statute is not substantially similar to Article IV(a) of the Compact and directs this Court's attention to Breen v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 771 A.2d 879 (Pa.Cmwlth.2001), as well

2001Appellants assert that the New Jersey statute permits a conviction when a motorist is merely under the influence of an intoxicant, a lesser standard than that specified in the Compact, i.e., the driver must be under the influence of an intoxicant "to a degree which renders [him] incapable of safely driving a motor vehicle." DOT disagrees with Appellants' contention that the New Jersey statute is not substantially similar to Article IV(a) of the Compact and directs this Court's attention to Breen v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 771 A.2d 879 (Pa.Cmwlth.2001), as well

22001–2001
Commonwealth v. Whisnant green
pa · 1990
2 sentences

2001DOT contends that prior case law followed a stricter or equivalent standard of comparison between New Jersey and Pennsylvania DUI statutes, citing Commonwealth v. Whisnant, 390 Pa.Super. 192 , 568 A.2d 259 (1990), and that the New Jersey statute definitely would meet the less strict standard under a Petrovick analysis.

2001DOT contends that prior case law followed a stricter or equivalent standard of comparison between New Jersey and Pennsylvania DUI statutes, citing Commonwealth v. Whisnant, 390 Pa.Super. 192 , 568 A.2d 259 (1990), and that the New Jersey statute definitely would meet the less strict standard under a Petrovick analysis.

22001–2001
Breen v. COM., DEPT. OF TRANS. green
pacommwct · 2001
2 sentences

2001Appellants assert that the New Jersey statute permits a conviction when a motorist is merely under the influence of an intoxicant, a lesser standard than that specified in the Compact, i.e., the driver must be under the influence of an intoxicant “to a degree which renders [him] incapable of safely driving a motor vehicle.” DOT disagrees with Appellants’ contention that the New Jersey statute is not substantially similar to Article IV(a) of the Compact and directs this Court’s attention to Breen v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 771 A.2d 879 (Pa.Cmwlth.2001), as well

2001Appellants assert that the New Jersey statute permits a conviction when a motorist is merely under the influence of an intoxicant, a lesser standard than that specified in the Compact, i.e., the driver must be under the influence of an intoxicant "to a degree which renders [him] incapable of safely driving a motor vehicle." DOT disagrees with Appellants' contention that the New Jersey statute is not substantially similar to Article IV(a) of the Compact and directs this Court's attention to Breen v. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing, 771 A.2d 879 (Pa.Cmwlth.2001), as well

22001–2001
Terry v. Ohio green
scotus · 1968
2 sentences

1990Such a temporary detention for questioning in the case of an airport search is reviewed under the lesser standard enunciated in Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 , 88 S.Ct. 1868 , 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968), and is permissible because of the “public interest involved in the suppression of illegal transactions in drugs or of any other serious crime.” Royer, supra, 460 U.S. [at] 498-499, 103 S.Ct. [at] 1324-1325.

1990Such a temporary detention for questioning in the case of an airport search is reviewed under the lesser standard enunciated in Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 , 88 S.Ct. 1868 , 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968), and is permissible because of the “public interest involved in the suppression of illegal transactions in drugs or of any other serious crime.” Royer, supra, 460 U.S. [at] 498-499, 103 S.Ct. [at] 1324-1325.

21974–1990
Santosky v. Kramer green
scotus · 1982
2 sentences

1983Act of July 24, 1970, P.L. 620, No. 208, Art. 3, Sec. 311, 1 P.S. § 311 (Supp.1977). 2 The decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745 , 102 S.Ct. 1388 , 71 L.Ed.2d 599 (1982), which held that a state must prove its case by clear and convincing evidence when it seeks to terminate parental rights, is binding on us as an authoritative statement of federal law and we are without authority to apply a lesser standard of proof.

1983Act of July 24, 1970, P.L. 620, No. 208, Art. 3, Sec. 311, 1 P.S. § 311 (Supp.1977). 2 The decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745 , 102 S.Ct. 1388 , 71 L.Ed.2d 599 (1982), which held that a state must prove its case by clear and convincing evidence when it seeks to terminate parental rights, is binding on us as an authoritative statement of federal law and we are without authority to apply a lesser standard of proof.

21983–1983
Illinois v. Somerville green
scotus · 1972
2 sentences

1983See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Platou, 455 Pa. 258 , 312 A.2d 29 (1973), cert. denied, 417 U.S. 976 , 94 S.Ct. 3183 , 41 L.Ed.2d 1146 (1974); Commonwealth v. Ware, 446 Pa. 52 , 284 A.2d 700 *167 (1971), cert. granted, 405 U.S. 987 , 92 S.Ct. 1254 , 31 L.Ed.2d 453 (1972), cert. vacated and denied, 406 U.S. 910 , 92 S.Ct. 1606 , 31 L.Ed.2d 821 . [3] Because Common Pleas based its decision here upon a lesser standard of proof, [4] we vacate its order and direct it to hold a rehearing and thereafter decide the case under the proper standard. [5] As stated, appellee filed a petition to involuntarily te

1983See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Platou, 455 Pa. 258 , 312 A.2d 29 (1973), cert. denied, 417 U.S. 976 , 94 S.Ct. 3183 , 41 L.Ed.2d 1146 (1974); Commonwealth v. Ware, 446 Pa. 52 , 284 A.2d 700 (1971), cert. granted, 405 U.S. 987 , 92 S.Ct. 1254 , 31 L.Ed.2d 453 (1972), cert. vacated and denied, 406 U.S. 910 , 92 S.Ct. 1606 , 31 L.Ed.2d 821 . 3 Because Common Pleas based its decision here upon a lesser standard of proof, 4 we vacate its order and direct it to hold a rehearing and thereafter decide the case under the proper standard. 5 As stated, appellee filed a petition to involuntarily terminate app

21983–1983
Pennsylvania v. Ware green
scotus · 1972
2 sentences

1983See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Platou, 455 Pa. 258 , 312 A.2d 29 (1973), cert. denied, 417 U.S. 976 , 94 S.Ct. 3183 , 41 L.Ed.2d 1146 (1974); Commonwealth v. Ware, 446 Pa. 52 , 284 A.2d 700 *167 (1971), cert. granted, 405 U.S. 987 , 92 S.Ct. 1254 , 31 L.Ed.2d 453 (1972), cert. vacated and denied, 406 U.S. 910 , 92 S.Ct. 1606 , 31 L.Ed.2d 821 . [3] Because Common Pleas based its decision here upon a lesser standard of proof, [4] we vacate its order and direct it to hold a rehearing and thereafter decide the case under the proper standard. [5] As stated, appellee filed a petition to involuntarily te

1983See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Platou, 455 Pa. 258 , 312 A.2d 29 (1973), cert. denied, 417 U.S. 976 , 94 S.Ct. 3183 , 41 L.Ed.2d 1146 (1974); Commonwealth v. Ware, 446 Pa. 52 , 284 A.2d 700 (1971), cert. granted, 405 U.S. 987 , 92 S.Ct. 1254 , 31 L.Ed.2d 453 (1972), cert. vacated and denied, 406 U.S. 910 , 92 S.Ct. 1606 , 31 L.Ed.2d 821 . 3 Because Common Pleas based its decision here upon a lesser standard of proof, 4 we vacate its order and direct it to hold a rehearing and thereafter decide the case under the proper standard. 5 As stated, appellee filed a petition to involuntarily terminate app

21983–1983
Aktiebolaget Flymo v. Cody green
scotus · 1972
21983–1983
Pennsylvania v. Ware green
scotus · 1972
2 sentences

1983See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Platou, 455 Pa. 258 , 312 A.2d 29 (1973), cert. denied, 417 U.S. 976 , 94 S.Ct. 3183 , 41 L.Ed.2d 1146 (1974); Commonwealth v. Ware, 446 Pa. 52 , 284 A.2d 700 *167 (1971), cert. granted, 405 U.S. 987 , 92 S.Ct. 1254 , 31 L.Ed.2d 453 (1972), cert. vacated and denied, 406 U.S. 910 , 92 S.Ct. 1606 , 31 L.Ed.2d 821 . [3] Because Common Pleas based its decision here upon a lesser standard of proof, [4] we vacate its order and direct it to hold a rehearing and thereafter decide the case under the proper standard. [5] As stated, appellee filed a petition to involuntarily te

1983See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Platou, 455 Pa. 258 , 312 A.2d 29 (1973), cert. denied, 417 U.S. 976 , 94 S.Ct. 3183 , 41 L.Ed.2d 1146 (1974); Commonwealth v. Ware, 446 Pa. 52 , 284 A.2d 700 (1971), cert. granted, 405 U.S. 987 , 92 S.Ct. 1254 , 31 L.Ed.2d 453 (1972), cert. vacated and denied, 406 U.S. 910 , 92 S.Ct. 1606 , 31 L.Ed.2d 821 . 3 Because Common Pleas based its decision here upon a lesser standard of proof, 4 we vacate its order and direct it to hold a rehearing and thereafter decide the case under the proper standard. 5 As stated, appellee filed a petition to involuntarily terminate app

21983–1983
Atchison v. Chicago & North Western Railway Co. green
scotus · 1972
21983–1983
Lohm Estate green
pa · 1970
21974–1977
Commonwealth v. Packer green
pa · 2017
12026–2026
In re Eakin green
cjdpa · 2016
12026–2026
Gentile v. State Bar of Nev. green
scotus · 1991
12026–2026
Strickland v. Washington green
scotus · 1984
12024–2024
Commonwealth v. Garcia green
pasuperct · 2004
12023–2023
Com. v. Davis, B. green
pasuperct · 2020
12021–2021
In the Interest of J.R.W. green
pasuperct · 1993
12020–2020
Commonwealth v. Gwynn green
pa · 2008
12019–2019
Farnack v. Commonwealth, Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing green
pacommwct · 2011
12019–2019
Commonwealth v. Charleston green
pacommwct · 2014
12019–2019
Commonwealth v. Percudani green
pacommwct · 2003
12017–2017
Commonwealth Ex Rel. Corbett v. Manson green
pacommwct · 2006
12017–2017
Commonwealth v. Percudani green
pacommwct · 2004
12017–2017
Commonwealth v. Cosgrove green
pasuperct · 1993
12016–2016
Vinansky v. Commonwealth, Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing green
pacommwct · 1995
12016–2016
Commonwealth v. Pierce green
pa · 1987
12015–2015
Commonwealth v. Griffith green
pasuperct · 2009
12013–2013
City of Pittsburgh v. Workers' Compensation Appeal Board green
pacommwct · 2010
12012–2012
Commonwealth v. Hanible green
pa · 2011
12012–2012
Commonwealth v. Kleinicke green
pasuperct · 2006
12011–2011
One Meridian Partners, LLP v. ZONING BD. OF CITY OF PHILADELPHIA green
pacommwct · 2005
12009–2009
Toy v. METROPOLITAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY green
pa · 2005
12007–2007
Bureau of Traffic Safety v. ANTRAM. green
pacommwct · 1979
12006–2006
Guidas v. Commonwealth, Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing neutral
pacommwct · 1995
12006–2006
Turner v. Safley green
scotus · 1987
12006–2006
Commonwealth v. Duffey green
pa · 2004
12005–2005
Ring v. Arizona green
scotus · 2002
12004–2004
Schmoyer by Schmoyer v. Mexico Forge green
pa · 1994
12004–2004

Statutes the citing opinions construe

PA § 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 3802 (10) PA § 18 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 2502 (9) PA § 42 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 722 (6) PA § 42 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 9543 (6) PA § 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1547 (6) PA § 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 3731 (6) PA § 18 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 2702 (5) PA § 18 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 903 (5) PA § 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 6308 (5) PA § 42 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 9714 (4) PA § 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 3309 (4) PA § 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 3806 (4)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 182 (1906–2026) TX 127 (1970–2026) OH 118 (1973–2025) NY 114 (1933–2026) IL 112 (1962–2025) PA 101 (1974–2026) IN 75 (1974–2026) LA 70 (1967–2025) FL 69 (1974–2025) WA 55 (1980–2026) CT 51 (1976–2024) MI 48 (1979–2026) GA 42 (1924–2023) NJ 41 (1953–2026) MD 41 (1975–2026) DC 34 (1970–2024) MA 33 (1966–2025) VA 31 (1982–2024) AZ 29 (1977–2026) KS 27 (1977–2026) AL 22 (1979–2024) TN 21 (1989–2026) OR 20 (1969–2023) CO 19 (1979–2026) WI 18 (1925–2023) NM 17 (1975–2017) MN 17 (1980–2014) OK 17 (1962–2022) MO 16 (1987–2020) MS 16 (1987–2025) IA 15 (1974–2022) NC 14 (1958–2026) KY 13 (1964–2024) AR 12 (1983–2023) ID 12 (1980–2014) WV 12 (1979–2022) AK 12 (1977–2017) VT 12 (1975–2020) MT 11 (2005–2026) RI 11 (1983–2011) SC 10 (1989–2020) NE 10 (1982–2023) UT 9 (1929–2024) DE 9 (1973–2026) ND 9 (1990–2016) WY 9 (1990–2022) SD 6 (1979–2008) ME 6 (1981–2018) NH 6 (1980–2019) HI 5 (1984–2007) NV 5 (1997–2022)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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