lesser standard in Connecticut

51 Connecticut opinions name it 3 courts 1976–2024 3 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Connecticut courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (14)

Case	Followed	Cited
Basilicato v. Department of Public Utility Controlgreen conn · 1985 · cited in 5 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 1998–2024 2 sentences 2024On the other hand, we have cautioned that, ‘‘[a]lthough we allow [self-represented] litigants some latitude, the right of self-representation provides no attendant license not to comply with relevant rules of procedural and substantive law.’’ (Internal quotation marks omit- ted.) Id.; see also Basilicato v. Dept. of Public Utility Control, 197 Conn. 320, 324 , 497 A.2d 48 (1985) (‘‘[a]ny litigant may choose to proceed without representation, but all are bound by the same standards’’); Berman v. Berman, supra, 203 Conn. App. 312 (‘‘[s]elf-represented parties are not afforded a lesser standard o 2024On the other hand, we have cautioned that, ‘‘[a]lthough we allow [self-represented] litigants some latitude, the right of self-representation provides no attendant license not to comply with relevant rules of procedural and substantive law.’’ (Internal quotation marks omit- ted.) Id.; see also Basilicato v. Dept. of Public Utility Control, 197 Conn. 320, 324 , 497 A.2d 48 (1985) (‘‘[a]ny litigant may choose to proceed without representation, but all are bound by the same standards’’); Berman v. Berman, supra, 203 Conn. App. 312 (‘‘[s]elf-represented parties are not afforded a lesser standard o	2	5
State v. Zidelgreen nh · 2008 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016 2 sentences 2016And what about garden apartments whose doors, like houses, open directly to the out- doors?’’ Id. 21 As we have indicated; see footnote 4 of this opinion; the state does not contend that a lesser standard than probable cause applies to the canine sniff that we have identified as a search for purposes of article first, § 7. 22 See, e.g., State v. Zidel, 156 N.H. 684, 686 , 940 A.2d 255 (2008) (addressing federal constitutional claim before state constitutional claim because issue was definitively settled under federal constitution). 23 Of course, whether the federal constitution definitively re 2016And what about garden apartments whose doors, like houses, open directly to the out- doors?’’ Id. 21 As we have indicated; see footnote 4 of this opinion; the state does not contend that a lesser standard than probable cause applies to the canine sniff that we have identified as a search for purposes of article first, § 7. 22 See, e.g., State v. Zidel, 156 N.H. 684, 686 , 940 A.2d 255 (2008) (addressing federal constitutional claim before state constitutional claim because issue was definitively settled under federal constitution). 23 Of course, whether the federal constitution definitively re	1	1
Winnett v. Winnettgreen ill · 1974 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015 2 sentences 2015Suffice it to say that we do not believe an object that poses a danger to children in a suburban backyard becomes less dangerous to them merely because it is discarded in an urban backyard. 9 See Winnett v. Winnett, 57 Ill. 2d 7, 8, 13 , 310 N.E.2d 1 (1974) (trial court properly dismissed complaint alleging, inter alia, that manufacturer of conveyor belt located on farm was strictly liable for injuries suffered by farm owner’s four year old granddaughter when she placed her hand in or on conveyor belt because manufacturer reasonably could not have foreseen that child would have access to belt) 2015Suffice it to say that we do not believe an object that poses a danger to children in a suburban backyard becomes less dangerous to them merely because it is discarded in an urban backyard. 9 See Winnett v. Winnett, 57 Ill. 2d 7, 8, 13 , 310 N.E.2d 1 (1974) (trial court properly dismissed complaint alleging, inter alia, that manufacturer of conveyor belt located on farm was strictly liable for injuries suffered by farm owner’s four year old granddaughter when she placed her hand in or on conveyor belt because manufacturer reasonably could not have foreseen that child would have access to belt)	1	1
Cole v. Housing Authority of La Salle Countygreen illappct · 1979 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015 1 sentence 2015Suffice it to say that we do not believe an object that poses a danger to children in a suburban backyard becomes less dangerous to them merely because it is discarded in an urban backyard. 9 See Winnett v. Winnett, 57 Ill. 2d 7, 8, 13 , 310 N.E.2d 1 (1974) (trial court properly dismissed complaint alleging, inter alia, that manufacturer of conveyor belt located on farm was strictly liable for injuries suffered by farm owner’s four year old granddaughter when she placed her hand in or on conveyor belt because manufacturer reasonably could not have foreseen that child would have access to belt)	1	1
State v. McGanngreen conn · 1986 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009	1	1
In re Juvenile Appeal (83-CD)green conn · 1983 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008	1	1
Teresa T. v. Ragagliagreen conn · 2005 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008	1	1
DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Servicesgreen scotus · 1989 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008	1	1
Strohmeyer v. Strohmeyergreen conn · 1981 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008	1	1
State v. Gonzalezgreen conn · 2006 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007	1	1
Dretke v. Haleygreen scotus · 2004 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006	1	1
Rayhall v. Akim Co.green conn · 2003 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006	1	1
Donovan Spence v. Superintendent, Great Meadow Correctional Facility, and Commissioner, New York State Department of Correctional Servicesgreen ca2 · 2000 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006	1	1
United States v. Jose Guadarramagreen ca9 · 1984 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Connecticut. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (61)

Case	Cited	Years
State v. Brown green conn · 1972 2 sentences 2009If it is possible, then the lesser violation is not an included crime.” State v. Brown, 163 Conn. 52, 61-62 , 301 A.2d 547 (1972); see, e.g., State v. McGann, 199 Conn. 163, 178-79 , 506 A.2d 109 (1986) (murder is lesser included offense of capital felony of murder for hire with element of hiring only 121 additional element of latter); State v. Grant, supra, 177 Conn. 146 -47 (attempted burglary in third degree is lesser included offense of attempted burglary in first degree because latter requires only additional element of dangerous instrument; “[a]s alesser included offense, burglary in th 2009If it is possible, then the lesser violation is not an included crime.” State v. Brown, 163 Conn. 52, 61-62 , 301 A.2d 547 (1972); see, e.g., State v. McGann, 199 Conn. 163, 178-79 , 506 A.2d 109 (1986) (murder is lesser included offense of capital felony of murder for hire with element of hiring only 121 additional element of latter); State v. Grant, supra, 177 Conn. 146 -47 (attempted burglary in third degree is lesser included offense of attempted burglary in first degree because latter requires only additional element of dangerous instrument; “[a]s alesser included offense, burglary in th	9	1976–2009
State v. Ruiz green conn · 1976 2 sentences 2001If it is possible, then the lesser violation is not an included crime.’ ” Id., 272 ; State v. Blyden, 165 Conn. 522, 529-30 , 338 A.2d 484 (1973); State v. Brown, 163 Conn. 52, 61-62 , 301 A.2d 547 (1972). 1979If it is possible, then the lesser violation is not an included crime.” State v. Brown, 163 Conn. 52, 61-62 , 301 A.2d 547 (1972); State v. Ciotti, 174 Conn. 336, 337 , 387 A.2d 546 (1978); State v. Neve, 174 Conn. 142, 145 , 384 A.2d 332 (1977); State v. Brown, 173 Conn. 254, 258 , 377 A.2d 268 (1977); State v. Ruiz, 171 Conn. 264, 272 , 368 A.2d 222 (1976).	5	1977–2001
State v. Troynack green conn · 1977 2 sentences 1979If it is possible, then the lesser violation is not an included crime.” State v. Vasquez, 176 Conn. 239, 241 , 405 A.2d 662 (1978); State v. Harden, 175 Conn. 315, 323 , 398 A.2d 1169 (1978); State v. Troynack, 174 Conn. 89, 97 , 384 A.2d 326 (1977). 1979If it is possible, then the lesser violation is not an included crime.” State v. Vasquez, 176 Conn. 239, 241 , 405 A.2d 662 (1978); State v. Harden, 175 Conn. 315, 323 , 398 A.2d 1169 (1978); State v. Troynack, 174 Conn. 89, 97 , 384 A.2d 326 (1977).	5	1977–1979
Rutka v. City of Meriden green connappct · 2013 2 sentences 2021Self-represented parties are not afforded a lesser standard of compliance, and [a]lthough we are solicitous of the rights of pro se litigants . . . [s]uch a litigant is bound by the same rules . . . and procedure as those qualified to practice law.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Rutka v. Mer- iden, 145 Conn. App. 202, 218 , 75 A.3d 722 (2013). 2021Self-represented parties are not afforded a lesser standard of compliance, and [a]lthough we are solicitous of the rights of pro se litigants . . . [s]uch a litigant is bound by the same rules . . . and procedure as those qualified to practice law.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Rutka v. Mer- iden, 145 Conn. App. 202, 218 , 75 A.3d 722 (2013).	3	2014–2021
State v. Blyden green conn · 1973 2 sentences 2001If it is possible, then the lesser violation is not an included crime.’ ” Id., 272 ; State v. Blyden, 165 Conn. 522, 529-30 , 338 A.2d 484 (1973); State v. Brown, 163 Conn. 52, 61-62 , 301 A.2d 547 (1972). 2001If it is possible, then the lesser violation is not an included crime.’ ” Id., 272 ; State v. Blyden, 165 Conn. 522, 529-30 , 338 A.2d 484 (1973); State v. Brown, 163 Conn. 52, 61-62 , 301 A.2d 547 (1972).	3	1976–2001
State v. Neve neutral conn · 1977 2 sentences 1979If it is possible, then the lesser violation is not an included crime.” State v. Brown, 163 Conn. 52, 61-62 , 301 A.2d 547 (1972); State v. Ciotti, 174 Conn. 336, 337 , 387 A.2d 546 (1978); State v. Neve, 174 Conn. 142, 145 , 384 A.2d 332 (1977); State v. Brown, 173 Conn. 254, 258 , 377 A.2d 268 (1977); State v. Ruiz, 171 Conn. 264, 272 , 368 A.2d 222 (1976). 1979If it is possible, then the lesser violation is not an included crime.” State v. Brown, 163 Conn. 52, 61-62 , 301 A.2d 547 (1972); State v. Ciotti, 174 Conn. 336, 337 , 387 A.2d 546 (1978); State v. Neve, 174 Conn. 142, 145 , 384 A.2d 332 (1977); State v. Brown, 173 Conn. 254, 258 , 377 A.2d 268 (1977); State v. Ruiz, 171 Conn. 264, 272 , 368 A.2d 222 (1976).	3	1978–1979
Burton v. Dept. of Environmental Protection green conn · 2021 2 sentences 2024For example, a self- represented litigant is not ‘‘relieved of the obligation to sufficiently articulate a claim so that it is recognizable to a reviewing court . . . .’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Burton v. Dept. of Environmental Protection, 337 Conn. 781 , 804, 256 A.3d 655 (2021); see also Traylor v. State, supra, 332 Conn. 806 (‘‘[a] court does not have 0, 0 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL Page 13 0 Conn. 1 ,0 15 Idlibi v. Hartford Courant Co. the discretion to look beyond the pleadings and trial evidence to decide claims not raised’’ (internal quota- tion marks omitted)). 2024For example, a self- represented litigant is not ‘‘relieved of the obligation to sufficiently articulate a claim so that it is recognizable to a reviewing court . . . .’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Burton v. Dept. of Environmental Protection, 337 Conn. 781, 804 , 256 A.3d 655 (2021); see also Traylor v. State, supra, 332 Conn. 806 (‘‘[a] court does not have the discretion to look beyond the pleadings and trial evidence to decide claims not raised’’ (internal quota- tion marks omitted)).	2	2024–2024
Patrowicz v. Peloquin neutral connappct · 2019 2 sentences 2024On the other hand, we have cautioned that, ‘‘[a]lthough we allow [self-represented] litigants some latitude, the right of self-representation provides no attendant license not to comply with relevant rules of procedural and substantive law.’’ (Internal quotation marks omit- ted.) Id.; see also Basilicato v. Dept. of Public Utility Control, 197 Conn. 320, 324 , 497 A.2d 48 (1985) (‘‘[a]ny litigant may choose to proceed without representation, but all are bound by the same standards’’); Berman v. Berman, supra, 203 Conn. App. 312 (‘‘[s]elf-represented parties are not afforded a lesser standard o 2024On the other hand, we have cautioned that, ‘‘[a]lthough we allow [self-represented] litigants some latitude, the right of self-representation provides no attendant license not to comply with relevant rules of procedural and substantive law.’’ (Internal quotation marks omit- ted.) Id.; see also Basilicato v. Dept. of Public Utility Control, 197 Conn. 320, 324 , 497 A.2d 48 (1985) (‘‘[a]ny litigant may choose to proceed without representation, but all are bound by the same standards’’); Berman v. Berman, supra, 203 Conn. App. 312 (‘‘[s]elf-represented parties are not afforded a lesser standard o	2	2024–2024
In Re Emile L. neutral connappct · 2011 2 sentences 2013Self-represented parties are not afforded a lesser standard of compliance, and [although we are solicitous of the rights of pro se litigants . . . [s]uch a litigant is bound by the same rules . . . and procedure as those qualified to practice law.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) In re Emile L., 126 Conn. App. 283 , 285 n.3, 11 A.3d 1117 (2011). 2013Self-represented parties are not afforded a lesser standard of compliance, and [although we are solicitous of the rights of pro se litigants . . . [s]uch a litigant is bound by the same rules . . . and procedure as those qualified to practice law.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) In re Emile L., 126 Conn. App. 283 , 285 n.3, 11 A.3d 1117 (2011).	2	2012–2013
State v. Whistnant green conn · 1980 2 sentences 2009Thus, in State v. Whistnant, 179 Conn. 576, 588 , 427 A.2d 414 (1980), this court concluded that a jury instruction allowing consideration of a lesser offense is proper “if, and only if, the following conditions axe met: (1) an appropriate instruction is requested by either the state or the defendant; (2) it is not possible to commit the greater offense, in the manner described in the information or bill of particulars, without having first committed the lesser; (3) there is some evidence, introduced by either the state or the defendant, or by a combination of their proofs, which justifies con 2009Thus, in State v. Whistnant, 179 Conn. 576, 588 , 427 A.2d 414 (1980), this court concluded that a jury instruction allowing consideration of a lesser offense is proper “if, and only if, the following conditions axe met: (1) an appropriate instruction is requested by either the state or the defendant; (2) it is not possible to commit the greater offense, in the manner described in the information or bill of particulars, without having first committed the lesser; (3) there is some evidence, introduced by either the state or the defendant, or by a combination of their proofs, which justifies con	2	1980–2009
Lemoine v. McCann green conn · 1996 2 sentences 1998Lemoine v. McCann , 40 Conn. App. 460 , 465 , cert. denied, 237 Conn. 904 (1996); Basilicato v. Department of Public Utility Control , supra , at 197 Conn. 329 . 1998Lemoine v. McCann , 40 Conn. App. 460 , 465 , cert. denied, 237 Conn. 904 (1996); Basilicato v. Department of Public Utility Control , supra , at 197 Conn. 329 .	2	1998–1998
Lemoine v. McCann green connappct · 1996 2 sentences 1998Lemoine v. McCann , 40 Conn. App. 460 , 465 , cert. denied, 237 Conn. 904 (1996); Basilicato v. Department of Public Utility Control , supra , at 197 Conn. 329 . 1998Lemoine v. McCann , 40 Conn. App. 460 , 465 , cert. denied, 237 Conn. 904 (1996); Basilicato v. Department of Public Utility Control , supra , at 197 Conn. 329 .	2	1998–1998
State v. Harden green conn · 1978 2 sentences 1979If it is possible, then the lesser violation is not an included crime.” State v. Vasquez, 176 Conn. 239, 241 , 405 A.2d 662 (1978); State v. Harden, 175 Conn. 315, 323 , 398 A.2d 1169 (1978); State v. Troynack, 174 Conn. 89, 97 , 384 A.2d 326 (1977). 1979If it is possible, then the lesser violation is not an included crime.” State v. Vasquez, 176 Conn. 239, 241 , 405 A.2d 662 (1978); State v. Harden, 175 Conn. 315, 323 , 398 A.2d 1169 (1978); State v. Troynack, 174 Conn. 89, 97 , 384 A.2d 326 (1977).	2	1978–1979
State v. Brown green conn · 1977 2 sentences 1979If it is possible, then the lesser violation is not an included crime.” State v. Brown, 163 Conn. 52, 61-62 , 301 A.2d 547 (1972); State v. Ciotti, 174 Conn. 336, 337 , 387 A.2d 546 (1978); State v. Neve, 174 Conn. 142, 145 , 384 A.2d 332 (1977); State v. Brown, 173 Conn. 254, 258 , 377 A.2d 268 (1977); State v. Ruiz, 171 Conn. 264, 272 , 368 A.2d 222 (1976). 1979If it is possible, then the lesser violation is not an included crime.” State v. Brown, 163 Conn. 52, 61-62 , 301 A.2d 547 (1972); State v. Ciotti, 174 Conn. 336, 337 , 387 A.2d 546 (1978); State v. Neve, 174 Conn. 142, 145 , 384 A.2d 332 (1977); State v. Brown, 173 Conn. 254, 258 , 377 A.2d 268 (1977); State v. Ruiz, 171 Conn. 264, 272 , 368 A.2d 222 (1976).	2	1977–1979
State v. Lo Sacco green connappct · 1987 2 sentences 2021Conse- quently, ‘‘[w]hen a defendant elects to proceed without the benefit of counsel, [she] takes the risk that because of [her] inexperience and lack of knowledge, [she] will suffer disadvantages to which, with proper representa- tion, [she] would not be subject.’’ State v. Lo Sacco, 12 Conn. App. 481, 496 , 531 A.2d 184 , cert. denied, 205 Conn. 814 , 533 A.2d 568 (1987). 2021Conse- quently, ‘‘[w]hen a defendant elects to proceed without the benefit of counsel, [she] takes the risk that because of [her] inexperience and lack of knowledge, [she] will suffer disadvantages to which, with proper representa- tion, [she] would not be subject.’’ State v. Lo Sacco, 12 Conn. App. 481, 496 , 531 A.2d 184 , cert. denied, 205 Conn. 814 , 533 A.2d 568 (1987).	1	2021–2021
State v. Flynn green connappct · 1988 2 sentences 2020In conducting this inquiry, we look only to the relevant statutes, the information, and the bill of particulars, not to the evidence presented at trial.’’ (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Miranda, supra, 260 Conn. 125 ; see also State v. Greco, supra, 216 Conn. 291 ; State v. Gold- son, supra, 178 Conn. 426 ; State v. Bumgarner-Ramos, 187 Conn. App. 725, 749 , 203 A.3d 619 , cert. denied, 331 Conn. 910 , 203 A.3d 570 (2019); State v. Flynn, 14 Conn. App. 10 , 17–18, 539 A.2d 1005 , cert. denied, 488 U.S. 891 , 109 S. Ct. 226 , 102 L. 2020In conducting this inquiry, we look only to the relevant statutes, the information, and the bill of particulars, not to the evidence presented at trial.’’ (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Miranda, supra, 260 Conn. 125 ; see also State v. Greco, supra, 216 Conn. 291 ; State v. Gold- son, supra, 178 Conn. 426 ; State v. Bumgarner-Ramos, 187 Conn. App. 725, 749 , 203 A.3d 619 , cert. denied, 331 Conn. 910 , 203 A.3d 570 (2019); State v. Flynn, 14 Conn. App. 10 , 17–18, 539 A.2d 1005 , cert. denied, 488 U.S. 891 , 109 S. Ct. 226 , 102 L.	1	2020–2020
Rosato v. Rosato green connappct · 1999 2 sentences 2020It is the policy of Connecticut courts to be solici- tous of self-represented parties and to construe the rules of practice liberally ‘‘when it does not interfere with the rights of other parties . . . .’’ (Emphasis omit- ted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Rosato v. Rosato, 53 Conn. App. 387, 390 , 731 A.2d 323 (1999). 2020It is the policy of Connecticut courts to be solici- tous of self-represented parties and to construe the rules of practice liberally ‘‘when it does not interfere with the rights of other parties . . . .’’ (Emphasis omit- ted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Rosato v. Rosato, 53 Conn. App. 387, 390 , 731 A.2d 323 (1999).	1	2020–2020
State v. Bumgarner-Ramos green conn · 2019 2 sentences 2020In conducting this inquiry, we look only to the relevant statutes, the information, and the bill of particulars, not to the evidence presented at trial.’’ (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Miranda, supra, 260 Conn. 125 ; see also State v. Greco, supra, 216 Conn. 291 ; State v. Gold- son, supra, 178 Conn. 426 ; State v. Bumgarner-Ramos, 187 Conn. App. 725, 749 , 203 A.3d 619 , cert. denied, 331 Conn. 910 , 203 A.3d 570 (2019); State v. Flynn, 14 Conn. App. 10 , 17–18, 539 A.2d 1005 , cert. denied, 488 U.S. 891 , 109 S. Ct. 226 , 102 L. 2020In conducting this inquiry, we look only to the relevant statutes, the information, and the bill of particulars, not to the evidence presented at trial.’’ (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Miranda, supra, 260 Conn. 125 ; see also State v. Greco, supra, 216 Conn. 291 ; State v. Gold- son, supra, 178 Conn. 426 ; State v. Bumgarner-Ramos, 187 Conn. App. 725, 749 , 203 A.3d 619 , cert. denied, 331 Conn. 910 , 203 A.3d 570 (2019); State v. Flynn, 14 Conn. App. 10 , 17–18, 539 A.2d 1005 , cert. denied, 488 U.S. 891 , 109 S. Ct. 226 , 102 L.	1	2020–2020
In re Enrico S. neutral connappct · 2012 2 sentences 2020Self-represented parties are not afforded a lesser standard of compliance and although we are solicitous of the rights of [self- represented parties] . . . [s]uch a litigant is bound by the same rules . . . and procedure as those qualified to practice law.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) In re Enrico S., 136 Conn. App. 754, 757 , 46 A.3d 173 (2012). 2020Self-represented parties are not afforded a lesser standard of compliance and although we are solicitous of the rights of [self- represented parties] . . . [s]uch a litigant is bound by the same rules . . . and procedure as those qualified to practice law.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) In re Enrico S., 136 Conn. App. 754, 757 , 46 A.3d 173 (2012).	1	2020–2020
Seawinds Ltd. v. Nedlloyd Lines, B.V. green scotus · 1988 1 sentence 2020In conducting this inquiry, we look only to the relevant statutes, the information, and the bill of particulars, not to the evidence presented at trial.’’ (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Miranda, supra, 260 Conn. 125 ; see also State v. Greco, supra, 216 Conn. 291 ; State v. Gold- son, supra, 178 Conn. 426 ; State v. Bumgarner-Ramos, 187 Conn. App. 725, 749 , 203 A.3d 619 , cert. denied, 331 Conn. 910 , 203 A.3d 570 (2019); State v. Flynn, 14 Conn. App. 10 , 17–18, 539 A.2d 1005 , cert. denied, 488 U.S. 891 , 109 S. Ct. 226 , 102 L.	1	2020–2020
State v. Bumgarner-Ramos green connappct · 2019 2 sentences 2020In conducting this inquiry, we look only to the relevant statutes, the information, and the bill of particulars, not to the evidence presented at trial.’’ (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Miranda, supra, 260 Conn. 125 ; see also State v. Greco, supra, 216 Conn. 291 ; State v. Gold- son, supra, 178 Conn. 426 ; State v. Bumgarner-Ramos, 187 Conn. App. 725, 749 , 203 A.3d 619 , cert. denied, 331 Conn. 910 , 203 A.3d 570 (2019); State v. Flynn, 14 Conn. App. 10 , 17–18, 539 A.2d 1005 , cert. denied, 488 U.S. 891 , 109 S. Ct. 226 , 102 L. 2020In conducting this inquiry, we look only to the relevant statutes, the information, and the bill of particulars, not to the evidence presented at trial.’’ (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Miranda, supra, 260 Conn. 125 ; see also State v. Greco, supra, 216 Conn. 291 ; State v. Gold- son, supra, 178 Conn. 426 ; State v. Bumgarner-Ramos, 187 Conn. App. 725, 749 , 203 A.3d 619 , cert. denied, 331 Conn. 910 , 203 A.3d 570 (2019); State v. Flynn, 14 Conn. App. 10 , 17–18, 539 A.2d 1005 , cert. denied, 488 U.S. 891 , 109 S. Ct. 226 , 102 L.	1	2020–2020
Cannon v. Rowen green scotus · 1988 1 sentence 2020In conducting this inquiry, we look only to the relevant statutes, the information, and the bill of particulars, not to the evidence presented at trial.’’ (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Miranda, supra, 260 Conn. 125 ; see also State v. Greco, supra, 216 Conn. 291 ; State v. Gold- son, supra, 178 Conn. 426 ; State v. Bumgarner-Ramos, 187 Conn. App. 725, 749 , 203 A.3d 619 , cert. denied, 331 Conn. 910 , 203 A.3d 570 (2019); State v. Flynn, 14 Conn. App. 10 , 17–18, 539 A.2d 1005 , cert. denied, 488 U.S. 891 , 109 S. Ct. 226 , 102 L.	1	2020–2020
Vogt v. Abish green scotus · 1988 1 sentence 2020In conducting this inquiry, we look only to the relevant statutes, the information, and the bill of particulars, not to the evidence presented at trial.’’ (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Miranda, supra, 260 Conn. 125 ; see also State v. Greco, supra, 216 Conn. 291 ; State v. Gold- son, supra, 178 Conn. 426 ; State v. Bumgarner-Ramos, 187 Conn. App. 725, 749 , 203 A.3d 619 , cert. denied, 331 Conn. 910 , 203 A.3d 570 (2019); State v. Flynn, 14 Conn. App. 10 , 17–18, 539 A.2d 1005 , cert. denied, 488 U.S. 891 , 109 S. Ct. 226 , 102 L.	1	2020–2020
In re Valerie D. green conn · 1992 2 sentences 2019Under the facts of the case, "a factual predicate for custody, established by the lesser standard of a preponderance of the evidence, led inexorably, for all practical purposes, to the factual predicate for termination required to be established by the higher standard of clear and convincing evidence." Id., at 533-34 , 613 A.2d 748 . 2019Under the facts of the case, "a factual predicate for custody, established by the lesser standard of a preponderance of the evidence, led inexorably, for all practical purposes, to the factual predicate for termination required to be established by the higher standard of clear and convincing evidence." Id., at 533-34 , 613 A.2d 748 .	1	2019–2019
Edelman v. Page green conn · 2010	1	2011–2011
DiBlase v. LOGISTEC OF CONNECTICUT, INC. green conn · 2010 1 sentence 2011Self-represented parties are not afforded a lesser standard of compliance, and “[ajlthough we are solicitous of the rights of pro se litigants . . . [s]uch a litigant is bound by the same rules . . . and procedure as those qualified to practice law.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Edelman v. Page, 123 Conn. App. 233, 242 , 1 A.3d 1188 , cert. denied, 299 Conn. 908 , 10 A.3d 525 (2010).	1	2011–2011
Edelman v. Page green connappct · 2010 2 sentences 2011Self-represented parties are not afforded a lesser standard of compliance, and “[ajlthough we are solicitous of the rights of pro se litigants . . . [s]uch a litigant is bound by the same rules . . . and procedure as those qualified to practice law.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Edelman v. Page, 123 Conn. App. 233, 242 , 1 A.3d 1188 , cert. denied, 299 Conn. 908 , 10 A.3d 525 (2010). 2011Self-represented parties are not afforded a lesser standard of compliance, and “[ajlthough we are solicitous of the rights of pro se litigants . . . [s]uch a litigant is bound by the same rules . . . and procedure as those qualified to practice law.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Edelman v. Page, 123 Conn. App. 233, 242 , 1 A.3d 1188 , cert. denied, 299 Conn. 908 , 10 A.3d 525 (2010).	1	2011–2011
State v. Peloso green connappct · 2008	1	2010–2010
State v. Rodriguez green conn · 1980	1	2009–2009
Lehrer v. Davis green conn · 1990	1	2008–2008
Castagno v. Wholean green conn · 1996	1	2008–2008
Osborne v. Ohio green scotus · 1990	1	2008–2008
Roth v. Weston green conn · 2002	1	2008–2008
Tessitore v. Tessitore green connappct · 1993	1	2008–2008
Sweeney v. Sweeney green conn · 2004	1	2008–2008
State v. Jackson green connappct · 2006	1	2007–2007
Apprendi v. New Jersey green scotus · 2000	1	2006–2006
In re Michael B. green connappct · 1994	1	2004–2004
Parke v. United States green scotus · 2002	1	2003–2003
Miranda v. Connecticut green scotus · 2002	1	2003–2003

Statutes the citing opinions construe

CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 21a-279 (7) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-199 (5) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-59 (5) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 21a-277 (4) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-134 (4) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-3 (4) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-49 (4) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-54a (4) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 29-35 (3) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-129 (3) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-135 (3) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-55 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 182 (1906–2026) TX 127 (1970–2026) OH 118 (1973–2025) NY 114 (1933–2026) IL 112 (1962–2025) PA 101 (1974–2026) IN 75 (1974–2026) LA 70 (1967–2025) FL 69 (1974–2025) WA 55 (1980–2026) CT 51 (1976–2024) MI 48 (1979–2026) GA 42 (1924–2023) NJ 41 (1953–2026) MD 41 (1975–2026) DC 34 (1970–2024) MA 33 (1966–2025) VA 31 (1982–2024) AZ 29 (1977–2026) KS 27 (1977–2026) AL 22 (1979–2024) TN 21 (1989–2026) OR 20 (1969–2023) CO 19 (1979–2026) WI 18 (1925–2023) NM 17 (1975–2017) MN 17 (1980–2014) OK 17 (1962–2022) MO 16 (1987–2020) MS 16 (1987–2025) IA 15 (1974–2022) NC 14 (1958–2026) KY 13 (1964–2024) AR 12 (1983–2023) ID 12 (1980–2014) WV 12 (1979–2022) AK 12 (1977–2017) VT 12 (1975–2020) MT 11 (2005–2026) RI 11 (1983–2011) SC 10 (1989–2020) NE 10 (1982–2023) UT 9 (1929–2024) DE 9 (1973–2026) ND 9 (1990–2016) WY 9 (1990–2022) SD 6 (1979–2008) ME 6 (1981–2018) NH 6 (1980–2019) HI 5 (1984–2007) NV 5 (1997–2022)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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