consideration factors (Texas) · Go Syfert
← Texas issues

consideration factors in Texas

64 Texas opinions name it 3 courts 1884–2025 10 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Texas courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (38)

CaseFollowedCited
Newman v. United Statesgreen
cadc · 1967 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
2 sentences

2025Indeed, “[f]ew subjects are less adapted to judicial review than the exercise by the Executive of his discretion in deciding when and whether to institute criminal proceedings, or what precise charge shall be made, or whether to dismiss a proceeding once brought.” Newman v. United States, 382 F.2d 479, 480 (D.C.

2025Indeed, “[f]ew subjects are less adapted to judicial review than the exercise by the Executive of his discretion in deciding when and whether to institute criminal proceedings, or what precise charge shall be made, or whether to dismiss a proceeding once brought.” Newman v. United States, 382 F.2d 479, 480 (D.C.

22
BMC Software Belgium, NV v. Marchandgreen
tex · 2002 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022TV Azteca v. Ruiz, 490 S.W.3d 29, 46 (Tex. 2016) (citing World–Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson, 444 U.S. 286, 297 (1980); BMC Software Belgium, N.V. v. Marchand, 83 S.W.3d 789, 795 (Tex. 2002)).

2022TV Azteca, 490 S.W.3d at 46 (citing World– Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson, 444 U.S. 286, 297 (1980); BMC Software Belgium, N.V. v. Marchand, 83 S.W.3d 789, 795 (Tex. 2002)).

22
World-Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodsongreen
scotus · 1980 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022TV Azteca v. Ruiz, 490 S.W.3d 29, 46 (Tex. 2016) (citing World–Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson, 444 U.S. 286, 297 (1980); BMC Software Belgium, N.V. v. Marchand, 83 S.W.3d 789, 795 (Tex. 2002)).

2022TV Azteca, 490 S.W.3d at 46 (citing World– Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson, 444 U.S. 286, 297 (1980); BMC Software Belgium, N.V. v. Marchand, 83 S.W.3d 789, 795 (Tex. 2002)).

22
Rhodes v. Stategreen
texapp · 1995 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2010–2015
2 sentences

2015“The perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene is a consideration in the analysis of the reasonableness of the governmental intrusion.” Pace v. State, 318 S.W.3d 526, 533 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2010, no pet.) (citing Rhodes v. State, 913 S.W.2d 242, 249 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1995), aff’d, 945 S.W.2d 115 (Tex. Crim.

2010Rhodes v. State, 913 S.W.2d 242, 249 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth 1995), aff'd, 945 S.W.2d 115 (Tex.Crim.App.1997).

22
Blanco v. Stategreen
texapp · 1988 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
2 sentences

2011See Blanco v. State, 761 S.W.2d 38, 41 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1988, no pet.) (“However, when appellant’s conduct, as here, falls so clearly within the proscribed activity, he cannot complain of the law’s vagueness as applied to others.”); Duncantell v. State, 230 S.W.3d 835, 845 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2007, pet. ref'd) (“A person who engages in conduct that is clearly proscribed cannot complain of the vagueness of the law as applied to the conduct of others.”).

2011See Blanco v. State, 761 S.W.2d 38, 41 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1988, no pet.) (“However, when appellant‟s conduct, as here, falls so clearly within the proscribed activity, he cannot complain of the law‟s vagueness as applied to others.”); Duncantell v. State, 230 S.W.3d 835, 845 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2007, pet. ref‟d) (“A person who engages in conduct that is clearly proscribed cannot complain of the vagueness of the law as applied to the conduct of others.”).

22
Duncantell v. Stategreen
texapp · 2007 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
2 sentences

2011See Blanco v. State, 761 S.W.2d 38, 41 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1988, no pet.) (“However, when appellant’s conduct, as here, falls so clearly within the proscribed activity, he cannot complain of the law’s vagueness as applied to others.”); Duncantell v. State, 230 S.W.3d 835, 845 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2007, pet. ref'd) (“A person who engages in conduct that is clearly proscribed cannot complain of the vagueness of the law as applied to the conduct of others.”).

2011See Blanco v. State, 761 S.W.2d 38, 41 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1988, no pet.) (“However, when appellant‟s conduct, as here, falls so clearly within the proscribed activity, he cannot complain of the law‟s vagueness as applied to others.”); Duncantell v. State, 230 S.W.3d 835, 845 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2007, pet. ref‟d) (“A person who engages in conduct that is clearly proscribed cannot complain of the vagueness of the law as applied to the conduct of others.”).

22
Stewart v. United States Leasing Corp.green
texapp · 1985 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2003–2003
2 sentences

2003Stewart v. U.S. Leasing Corp. , 702 S.W.2d 288, 290 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1985, no writ).

2003Stewart v. U.S. Leasing Corp., 702 S.W.2d 288, 290 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1985, no writ).

22
Roark v. STALLWORTH OIL AND GAS, INCgreen
tex · 1991 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1997–2000
2 sentences

2000See Roark, 813 S.W.2d at 496 ; Texas Gas Utilities, 460 S.W.2d at 412 (when no other consideration is shown, mutual obligations by the parties to the agreement will furnish sufficient consideration to constitute a binding contract).

1997See Roark, 813 S.W.2d at 496 .

22
TV Azteca v. Ruizgreen
tex · 2016 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022TV Azteca v. Ruiz, 490 S.W.3d 29, 46 (Tex. 2016) (citing World–Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson, 444 U.S. 286, 297 (1980); BMC Software Belgium, N.V. v. Marchand, 83 S.W.3d 789, 795 (Tex. 2002)).

2022TV Azteca, 490 S.W.3d at 46 (citing World– Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson, 444 U.S. 286, 297 (1980); BMC Software Belgium, N.V. v. Marchand, 83 S.W.3d 789, 795 (Tex. 2002)).

12
McCurry v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co.green
texapp · 1987 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1994–2019
2 sentences

2019Co., 742 S.W.2d 863 , 867–68 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1987, writ denied))).

1994McCurry v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co., 742 S.W.2d 863, 867-68 (Tex.App.—Corpus Christi 1987, writ denied).

12
Johnson v. Rodriguezgreen
ca5 · 1997 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025Turnbull is also “unable to show that the consideration of his bar grievance ‘produce[d] erroneous or unreliable results [that] imperil[ed] a protected liberty or property interest.’” Martinez v. State Bar of Texas, 797 F. App’x. at 168 (citing Johnson v. Rodriguez, 110 F.3d 299, 308 (5th Cir. 1997)).

11
Dahlberg v. Holdengreen
tex · 1951 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025Id. (“From a consideration of the record as a whole, we are not satisfied that the case has been fully developed with respect to the title to the two-thirds interest.”); In re E.W., 494 S.W.3d 287 , 301–02 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2015, no pet.) (“[I]t is apparent here that the parties and the trial court were confused as to what evidence had been submitted for the trial court’s consideration.”).

11
Columbia Gas Transmission Corp. v. New Ulm Gas, Ltd.green
tex · 1996 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
1 sentence

2023See Columbia Gas Transm’n Corp. v. New Ulm Gas, Ltd., 940 S.W.2d 587, 589 (Tex. 1996). 17 EIS also argues the purpose of the restrictions must be taken into account in the consideration of a waiver/abandonment defense, but it cites no authority on point.

11
Horizon/CMS Healthcare Corporation v. Auldgreen
tex · 2000 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021And, as noted by the Firm in its response to Skeels’s motion for further rehearing, Skeels’s consideration argument “was never really intended to be a focus of Skeels’[s] appeal,” having “received the attention of two sentences in Skeels’[s] opening brief, a footnote in [the Firm’s] 25 Horizon/CMS Healthcare Corp. v. Auld, 34 S.W.3d 887, 896 (Tex. 2000) (“Texas follows a ‘fair notice’ standard for pleading, which looks to whether the opposing party can ascertain from the pleading the nature and basic issues of the controversy and what testimony will be relevant.”).

11
Shaw v. Trinity Highway Products, LLCgreen
texapp · 2010 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
1 sentence

2019See Shaw v. Trinity Highway Prods., LLC, 329 S.W.3d 914, 917 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2010, no pet.); see also Weisberg v. London, No. 13-02-659-CV, 2004 WL 1932748 , at *6 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi Aug. 31, 2004, no pet.) (mem. op.) (“When considering a summary-judgment motion, the trial court may judicially notice documents that are part of its record in the case at issue, since they are already on file and available for the court’s consideration.”); Jones v. Jones, 888 S.W.2d 849 , –5– 852–53 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1994, writ denied) (“[I]n a summary judgment case, the trial court may judi

11
TransAmerican Natural Gas Corp. v. Powellgreen
tex · 1991 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
2 sentences

2019In contrast to the consideration of whether rule 172 was properly followed, cases involving sanctions by their very nature implicate due process concerns: “[t]he imposition of very severe sanctions is limited, not only by [rule 215], but by constitutional due process.” Powell, 811 S.W.2d at 917 ; see id. at 918 (noting that there are constitutional limitations upon court’s power to dismiss action without affording opportunity for hearing on merits and that “[w]hen a trial court strikes a party’s pleadings and dismisses its action or renders a default judgment against it for abuse of the discov

2019In contrast to the consideration of whether rule 172 was properly followed, cases involving sanctions by their very nature implicate due process concerns: “[t]he imposition of very severe sanctions is limited, not only by [rule 215], but by constitutional due process.” Powell, 811 S.W.2d at 917 ; see id. at 918 (noting that there are constitutional limitations upon court’s power to dismiss action without affording opportunity for hearing on merits and that “[w]hen a trial court strikes a party’s pleadings and dismisses its action or renders a default judgment against it for abuse of the discov

11
Hutchings v. Slemonsgreen
tex · 1943 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
1 sentence

2016See Hutchings, 174 S.W.2d at 489 .

11
Pace v. Stategreen
texapp · 2010 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
1 sentence

2015“The perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene is a consideration in the analysis of the reasonableness of the governmental intrusion.” Pace v. State, 318 S.W.3d 526, 533 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2010, no pet.) (citing Rhodes v. State, 913 S.W.2d 242, 249 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1995), aff’d, 945 S.W.2d 115 (Tex. Crim.

11
Montgomery v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1991 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
1 sentence

2015Additionally, as we previously concluded that appellant was entitled to an application paragraph on concurrent causation, this evidence of Torres’s blood alcohol concentration would be relevant to the jury’s consideration of that defense. 12 Because the evidence was relevant, the trial court was directed under the Texas Rules of Evidence to admit such evidence “unless the probative value of that evidence is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice_” See Montgomery, 810 S.W.2d at 389 (emphasis in original); see also Tex. R.

11
Alex Sheshunoff Management Services, L.P. v. Johnsongreen
tex · 2006 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
11
Riley v. Campeau Homes (Texas), Inc.green
texapp · 1991 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
11
In Re Allstate Insurance Co.green
texapp · 2007 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
11
SHEFFIELD DEVEL. CO. INC. v. City of Glenn Heightsgreen
tex · 2004 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
Minor v. Stategreen
texapp · 1983 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
Davila v. Stategreen
texapp · 1988 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
Fred v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1925 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
Moore v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1925 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
Nelson v. Union Equity Co-Operative Exchangegreen
tex · 1977 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
11
Traco, Inc. v. Arrow Glass Co., Inc.green
texapp · 1991 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
11
Alamo Clay Products, Inc. v. Gunn Tile Co. of San Antonio, Inc.green
texapp · 1980 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
11
Tubelite v. Risica & Sons, Inc.green
tex · 1991 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
11
Texas Gas Utilities Company v. Barrettgreen
tex · 1970 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
11
People v. Coronagreen
calctapp · 1978 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1994–1994
11
Donnell v. Stategreen
texapp · 1984 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993
11
Dow Chemical Co. v. Castro Alfarogreen
tex · 1990 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1991–1991
11
Smith v. Stategreen
texapp · 1989 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1989–1989
11
Cogdell v. Fort Worth National Bankgreen
texapp · 1976 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987
11
In Re Estate of Pettengillgreen
texapp · 1974 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1987–1987
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Texas. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (42)

CaseCitedYears
Railroad Commission v. Texas Citizens for a Safe Future & Clean Water green
tex · 2011
2 sentences

2025While the Texas Supreme Court does not expressly adopt Chevron deference in Texas Citizens, it does state that the serious consideration inquiry adopted by the Court is similar to the analysis contemplated in Chevron.2 Id., at 625 .

2017Under this serious consideration inquiry, we generally uphold an agency’s interpretation of a statute, “so long as the construction is reasonable and does not conflict with the statute’s plain language.” Id. at 625 .

32017–2025
Wayte v. United States green
scotus · 1985
2 sentences

2025That decision of whether to prosecute involves a consideration of factors—such as the strength of the evidence, the deterrence value, the prosecutor’s available resources, and the office’s existing enforcement priorities—that are “not readily susceptible to the kind of analysis the courts are competent to undertake.” Id.

2025That decision of whether to prosecute involves a consideration of factors—such as the strength of the evidence, the deterrence value, the prosecutor’s available resources, and the office’s existing enforcement priorities—that are “not readily susceptible to the kind of analysis the courts are competent to undertake.” Id.

22025–2025
Rhodes v. State green
texcrimapp · 1997
2 sentences

2015“The perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene is a consideration in the analysis of the reasonableness of the governmental intrusion.” Pace v. State, 318 S.W.3d 526, 533 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2010, no pet.) (citing Rhodes v. State, 913 S.W.2d 242, 249 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1995), aff’d, 945 S.W.2d 115 (Tex. Crim.

2010Rhodes v. State, 913 S.W.2d 242, 249 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth 1995), aff'd, 945 S.W.2d 115 (Tex.Crim.App.1997).

22010–2015
Mills v. Gray green
tex · 1948
2 sentences

1984From a practical viewpoint, a resulting trust involves primarily the operation of the equitable doctrine of consideration — the doctrine that valuable consideration and not legal title determines the equitable title or interest resulting from a transaction — whereas a constructive trust generally involves primarily a presence of fraud, in view of which equitable title or interest should be recognized in some person other than the taker or holder of the legal title. 210 S.W.2d at 987-88 .

1952Appellee contends .that there was a confidential relationship existing between the parties, and, therefore, under the holdings of Fitz-Gerald v. Hull, supra, and Mills v. Gray, 147 Tex. 33 , 210 S.W.2d 985 , a constructive trust is shown and the judgment of the trial court should he affirmed.

21952–1984
Fitz-Gerald v. Hull green
tex · 1951
2 sentences

1957From a practical viewpoint, a resulting trust involves primarily the operation of the equitable doctrine of consideration — ■ the doctrine that valuable consideration and not legal title determines the equitable title or interest resulting from a transaction — whereas a constructive trust generally involves primarily a presence of fraud, in veiw of which equitable title or interest should be recognized in some person other than the taker or holder of the legal title.’ ” (Emphasis supplied.) Judge Griffin, speaking for the Supreme Court in Fitz-Gerald v. Hull, 150 Tex. 39 , 237 S.W.2d 256, 260

1957From a practical viewpoint, a resulting trust involves primarily the operation of the equitable doctrine of consideration — ■ the doctrine that valuable consideration and not legal title determines the equitable title or interest resulting from a transaction — whereas a constructive trust generally involves primarily a presence of fraud, in veiw of which equitable title or interest should be recognized in some person other than the taker or holder of the legal title.’ ” (Emphasis supplied.) Judge Griffin, speaking for the Supreme Court in Fitz-Gerald v. Hull, 150 Tex. 39 , 237 S.W.2d 256, 260

21952–1957
in the Interest of E.W., a Child green
texapp · 2015
1 sentence

2025Id. (“From a consideration of the record as a whole, we are not satisfied that the case has been fully developed with respect to the title to the two-thirds interest.”); In re E.W., 494 S.W.3d 287 , 301–02 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2015, no pet.) (“[I]t is apparent here that the parties and the trial court were confused as to what evidence had been submitted for the trial court’s consideration.”).

12025–2025
Jones v. Jones green
texapp · 1994
1 sentence

2019See Shaw v. Trinity Highway Prods., LLC, 329 S.W.3d 914, 917 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2010, no pet.); see also Weisberg v. London, No. 13-02-659-CV, 2004 WL 1932748 , at *6 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi Aug. 31, 2004, no pet.) (mem. op.) (“When considering a summary-judgment motion, the trial court may judicially notice documents that are part of its record in the case at issue, since they are already on file and available for the court’s consideration.”); Jones v. Jones, 888 S.W.2d 849 , –5– 852–53 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1994, writ denied) (“[I]n a summary judgment case, the trial court may judi

12019–2019
Gregg County Appraisal District v. Laidlaw Waste Systems, Inc. green
texapp · 1995
2 sentences

2016Id. at 19–20; see also Tex. Tax Code Ann. §§ 1.04 (6) (including “permit” in definition of “intangible personal property”), 11.02(a) (providing that intangible personal property is not taxable except as provided by insurance or finance code) (West 2015); Tex. R.

2016Id. at 19-20 ; see also Tex. Tax Code Ann. §§ 1.04 (6) (including “permit” in definition of “intangible personal property”), 11.02(a) (providing that intangible personal property is not taxable except as provided by insurance or finance code) (West 2015); Tex. R.

12016–2016
Tennard v. Dretke, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Correctional Institutions Division green
scotus · 2004
1 sentence

2015The instruction is unconstitutional and narrows the jury’s discretion to factors that only concern moral blameworthiness. 141 The second motion found at Clerk’s Record 2 pp. 126-130 further attacks the laws limiting the jury’s consideration in violation of the U.S. Supreme Court’s holding that relevant mitigation evidence is “evidence which tends logically to prove or disprove same fact or circumstance which a fact finder could reasonably deem to have mitigating value.” Tennard v. Drecke, 159 L.Ed.2d 384 , 124 S.Ct. 2567 , 2570 (2004).

12015–2015
Ben Jarvis v. Robert J. Peltier, Sr. and Calvin C. Smith green
texapp · 2013
2 sentences

2015No claim to original U.S. Government Works. 7 Jarvis v. Peltier, 400 S.W.3d 644 (2013) 2013 WL 1755797 the consideration for the partition of real property.

2015No claim to original U.S. Government Works. 7 Jarvis v. Peltier, 400 S.W.3d 644 (2013) 2013 WL 1755797 the consideration for the partition of real property.

12015–2015
Broom v. Brookshire Bros., Inc. green
texapp · 1995
1 sentence

2015The relevant consideration under this standard is “whether the opposing party can ascertain from the pleading the nature and basic issues of the controversy and what testimony will be relevant.” Id.

12015–2015
COLEMEN v. State green
tenn · 2011
12014–2014
Samlowski v. Wooten green
tex · 2011
12011–2011
Mayhew v. Town of Sunnyvale green
tex · 1998
12008–2008
Walter v. State green
texcrimapp · 2000
12004–2004
Echols v. Bloom green
texapp · 1972
12004–2004
Tolle v. Sawtelle green
texapp · 1952
12001–2001
Castleberry v. Branscum red
tex · 1986
11995–1995
Davenport v. Garcia green
tex · 1992
11994–1994
Michael H. v. Gerald D. green
scotus · 1989
11994–1994
Ex Parte Ybarra green
texcrimapp · 1982
11994–1994
Bush v. State green
texcrimapp · 1981
11993–1993
Henderson v. Nitschke green
texapp · 1971
11991–1991
Gulf Oil Corp. v. Gilbert red
scotus · 1947
11990–1990
Quinn v. Dondlinger & Sons Construction Co. green
scotus · 1977
11987–1987
O'Brien v. Dutchie, Inc. green
scotus · 1977
11987–1987
Elliott v. Page green
sc · 1914
11987–1987
Murff v. Murff green
tex · 1981
11986–1986
Johnny F. Blue v. The Western Railway of Alabama green
ca5 · 1972
11979–1979
Western Railway v. Blue green
scotus · 1973
11979–1979
In re the Estate of Ortiz green
delch · 1942
11976–1976
Alamo Title Company v. San Antonio Bar Association green
texapp · 1962
11976–1976
Moore v. Kirgan green
texapp · 1952
11971–1971
Jamson v. Poulos green
neb · 1969
11971–1971
Allen v. Winner green
texapp · 1965
11971–1971
Pittmann v. Baladez green
tex · 1958
11967–1967
Texas Power & Light Co. v. Hering green
tex · 1949
11967–1967
Griffith v. Taylor green
tex · 1956
11966–1966
Andretta v. West green
texapp · 1958
11966–1966
Texas Co. v. Fontenot green
la · 1942
11956–1956

Where else courts name it

CA 119 (1856–2026) NY 105 (1843–2025) IL 104 (1883–2026) CT 74 (1941–2026) OH 68 (1903–2026) AL 67 (1855–2015) PA 65 (1923–2026) TX 64 (1884–2025) IN 45 (1857–2026) MI 42 (1908–2023) MO 37 (1876–2024) TN 35 (1986–2022) OR 34 (1888–2026) FL 32 (1879–2021) NJ 32 (1951–2022) VA 31 (1919–2026) GA 30 (1898–2021) NC 29 (1883–2021) WA 28 (1895–2025) KY 28 (1858–2026) LA 24 (1937–2024) MA 24 (1860–2023) MD 23 (1909–2016) AR 20 (1909–2026) CO 20 (1890–2025) WI 19 (1892–2022) MN 18 (1887–2018) SC 16 (1941–2022) ID 16 (1932–2019) UT 14 (1901–2025) NM 13 (1939–2021) WV 13 (1904–2026) IA 12 (1876–2021) RI 12 (1971–2014) OK 12 (1919–2010) MS 10 (1909–2025) AZ 10 (1989–2023) DC 9 (1988–2008) MT 9 (1929–2020) NE 9 (1906–2025) KS 9 (1963–2022) WY 7 (1912–2025) ME 6 (1969–2023) DE 6 (1962–2018) VT 6 (1850–2023) AK 4 (1986–2020) NH 3 (1984–2013) HI 3 (1920–2013) NV 3 (2013–2022) ND 3 (1919–2001) SD 2 (1959–2019) PR 2 (1916–1954)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

← Caselaw search · G Cite Topics · Brief Check