hard and fast rule (Illinois) · Go Syfert
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hard and fast rule in Illinois

63 Illinois opinions name it 2 courts 1903–2026 13 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Illinois courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (15)

CaseFollowedCited
Mann v. Upjohn Co.green
illappct · 2001 · cited in 8 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2011–2023
2 sentences

2023“In making this assessment, a court should consider all events leading up to the judgment,” as “‘[w]hat is just and proper must be determined by the facts of each case, not by a hard and fast rule applicable to all situations regardless of the outcome. [Citation.]’” Haley D., 2011 IL 110886, ¶ 69 . (quoting Mann v. Upjohn Co., 324 Ill.App.3d 367, 377 (2001)). ¶ 16 Here, the trial court explained that it entered the judgment because of Parmar’s failure to file an appearance.

2022“What is just and proper must be determined by the facts of each case, not by a hard and fast rule appliable to all situations regardless of the outcome.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Mann v. The Upjohn Co., 324 Ill.

78
Widicus v. Southwestern Electric Cooperative, Inc.green
illappct · 1960 · cited in 9 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1971–2026
2 sentences

2026Substantial justice is determined on a case-by-case basis, rather than by “a hard and fast rule applicable to all situations.” Id. (quoting Widucus v. Southwestern Electric Cooperative, Inc., 26 Ill.

2024Id. ¶ 57. ‘What is just and proper must be determined by the facts of each case, not by a hard and fast rule applicable to all situations regardless of the outcome.’ Widicus, 26 Ill.

49
People v. Mooregreen
illappct · 2016 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
2 sentences

2017See People v. Moore, 2016 IL App (1st) 133814, ¶ 41 (trial court’s decision not to bar testimony regarding missing photo arrays as a sanction for the discovery was not an abuse of discretion). ¶ 12 In this case, the trial court considered available options for sanctions and determined that imputing that the defendant had met his burden of proof regarding a prima facie case for rescission was the appropriate sanction rather than completely barring the arresting officer’s testimony regarding the stop.

2017See People v. Moore, 2016 IL App (1st) 133814, ¶ 41 (trial court’s decision not to bar testimony regarding missing photo arrays as a sanction for the discovery was not an abuse of discretion). ¶ 12 In this case, the trial court considered available options for sanctions and determined that imputing that the defendant had met his burden of proof regarding a prima facie case for rescission was the appropriate sanction, rather than completely barring the arresting officer’s testimony regarding the stop.

22
Beach v. Ocwen Federal Bankgreen
scotus · 1998 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
2 sentences

2011The Supreme Court further reasoned that this interpretation "makes perfectly good sense" because absent such a hard-and-fast rule, "a statutory right of rescission could cloud a bank's title on foreclosure." Beach, 523 U.S. at 418 , 118 S.Ct. 1408 . ¶ 22 As shall be more fully discussed below, however, in coming to this decision, the Supreme Court left unanswered how state recoupment laws might work to extend the three-year period when raised as a defensive claim in a foreclosure action.

2011The Supreme Court further reasoned that this interpretation "makes perfectly good sense" because absent such a hard-and-fast rule, "a statutory right of rescission could cloud a bank's title on foreclosure." Beach, 523 U.S. at 418 , 118 S.Ct. 1408 . ¶ 22 As shall be more fully discussed below, however, in coming to this decision, the Supreme Court left unanswered how state recoupment laws might work to extend the three-year period when raised as a defensive claim in a foreclosure action.

22
In re Haley D.green
ill · 2011 · cited in 7 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2014–2026
2 sentences

2026Substantial justice is determined on a case-by-case basis, rather than by “a hard and fast rule applicable to all situations.” Id. (quoting Widucus v. Southwestern Electric Cooperative, Inc., 26 Ill.

2023“In making this assessment, a court should consider all events leading up to the judgment,” as “‘[w]hat is just and proper must be determined by the facts of each case, not by a hard and fast rule applicable to all situations regardless of the outcome. [Citation.]’” Haley D., 2011 IL 110886, ¶ 69 . (quoting Mann v. Upjohn Co., 324 Ill.App.3d 367, 377 (2001)). ¶ 16 Here, the trial court explained that it entered the judgment because of Parmar’s failure to file an appearance.

17
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. McCluskeygreen
ill · 2013 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2023–2024
2 sentences

2023“Although relevant, the party need not necessarily show a meritorious defense and a reasonable excuse for failing to timely assert such defense.” McCluskey, 2013 IL 115469, ¶ 16 . “ ‘What is just and proper must be determined by the facts of each case, not by a hard and fast rule applicable to all situations regardless of the outcome.’ ” McCluskey, 2013 IL 115469, ¶ 16 (quoting Widicus v. Southwestern Electric Cooperative, Inc., 26 Ill.

2023“Although relevant, the party need not necessarily show a meritorious defense and a reasonable excuse for failing to timely assert such defense.” McCluskey, 2013 IL 115469, ¶ 16 . “ ‘What is just and proper must be determined by the facts of each case, not by a hard and fast rule applicable to all situations regardless of the outcome.’ ” McCluskey, 2013 IL 115469, ¶ 16 (quoting Widicus v. Southwestern Electric Cooperative, Inc., 26 Ill.

12
United States v. Edward Williamsgreen
ca7 · 1996 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024United States v. Williams, 81 F.3d 1434, 1437 (7th Cir. 1996) (Posner, J.).

11
The Styria, Scopinich v. Munroegreen
· 1902 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
1 sentence

2023“The term ‘discretion’ implies the absence of a hard-and-fast rule.” The Styria v. Morgan, 186 U.S. 1, 9 (1902).

11
Ruffin Ex Rel. Sanders v. Bolergreen
illappct · 2008 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
1 sentence

2023See Ruffin, 384 Ill.

11
Zurich Insurance v. Raymark Industries, Inc.green
illappct · 1991 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
1 sentence

2023An abuse of discretion occurs where a trial judge acts “arbitrarily without the employment of conscientious judgment or, in view of all the circumstances, exceed[s] the bounds of reason and ignore[s] recognized principles of law.” Zurich Insurance Co. v. Raymark Industries, Inc., 213 Ill.

11
John Isfan Construction, Inc. v. Longwood Towers, LLCgreen
illappct · 2016 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021Longwood Towers, LLC., 2016 IL App (1st) 143211, ¶ 47 (finding the trial court should have vacated a judgment where the plaintiff never sent proper notice of the default); In re Haley D., 2011 IL 110886, ¶ 69 (“In making this assessment [under section 2-1301], a court should consider all events leading up to the judgment. ‘What is just and proper must be determined by the facts of each case, not by a hard and fast rule applicable to all situations regardless of the outcome. [Citation.]’ ”); Passalino v. City of Zion, 237 Ill. 2d 118, 124 (2010) (due process requires that interested parties rec

11
PASSALINO v. City of Ziongreen
ill · 2010 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021Longwood Towers, LLC., 2016 IL App (1st) 143211, ¶ 47 (finding the trial court should have vacated a judgment where the plaintiff never sent proper notice of the default); In re Haley D., 2011 IL 110886, ¶ 69 (“In making this assessment [under section 2-1301], a court should consider all events leading up to the judgment. ‘What is just and proper must be determined by the facts of each case, not by a hard and fast rule applicable to all situations regardless of the outcome. [Citation.]’ ”); Passalino v. City of Zion, 237 Ill. 2d 118, 124 (2010) (due process requires that interested parties rec

11
Kujawinski v. Kujawinskigreen
ill · 1978 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
2 sentences

2011We have no hesitation, therefore, in concluding that it is reasonably related to that legitimate purpose for the legislature to permit the trial court, in its sound discretion, to compel divorced parents to educate their children to the same extent as might reasonably be expected of nondivorced parents.” Kujawinski v. Kujawinski, 71 Ill. 2d 563, 579-80 , 376 N.E.2d 1382, 1390 (1978). ¶ 11 Nonetheless, “ ‘As to the amount of education that should be considered necessary, courts have never laid down a hard and fast rule.’ ” Truhlar, 404 Ill.

2011We have no hesitation, therefore, in concluding that it is reasonably related to that legitimate purpose for the legislature to permit the trial court, in its sound discretion, to compel divorced parents to educate their children to the same extent as might reasonably be expected of nondivorced parents.” Kujawinski v. Kujawinski, 71 Ill. 2d 563, 579-80 , 376 N.E.2d 1382, 1390 (1978). ¶ 11 Nonetheless, “ ‘As to the amount of education that should be considered necessary, courts have never laid down a hard and fast rule.’ ” Truhlar, 404 Ill.

11
Venzor v. Carmen's Pizza Corp.green
illappct · 1992 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
1 sentence

2001App. 3d 925, 932 , 686 N.E.2d 1202 (1997), quoting Venzor v. Carmen’s Pizza Corp., 235 Ill.

11
The PEOPLE v. Simsgreen
ill · 1961 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Illinois. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (39)

CaseCitedYears
People v. Scott green
illappct · 1969
2 sentences

1974That principal should be “a guide and not a hard and fast rule.” People v. Scott, 117 Ill.App.2d 344 .

1972Such a sentence may not be consistent with the principles announced in People v. Jones, 92 Ill.App.2d 124 , 235 N.E.2d 379 , where the court recommended imposition of a minimum sentence of not in excess of one-third of the maximum sentence, but as indicated in People v. Scott, 117 Ill.App.2d 344 , that standard is quoted only as a guide and not as a hard and fast rule.

61970–1974
People v. Jones green
illappct · 1968
2 sentences

1972Such a sentence may not be consistent with the principles announced in People v. Jones, 92 Ill.App.2d 124 , 235 N.E.2d 379 , where the court recommended imposition of a minimum sentence of not in excess of one-third of the maximum sentence, but as indicated in People v. Scott, 117 Ill.App.2d 344 , that standard is quoted only as a guide and not as a hard and fast rule.

1972Such a sentence may not be consistent with the principles announced in People v. Jones, 92 Ill.App.2d 124 , 235 N.E.2d 379 , where the court recommended imposition of a minimum sentence of not in excess of one-third of the maximum sentence, but as indicated in People v. Scott, 117 Ill.App.2d 344 , that standard is quoted only as a guide and not as a hard and fast rule.

31969–1972
Draper and Kramer, Inc. v. King green
illappct · 2014
2 sentences

2024McNulty, 2022 IL App (1st) 201239, ¶ 43 ; Draper, 2014 IL App (1st) 132073, ¶ 23 .

2022App. 3d 367, 377 (2001). ¶ 44 Respondent argues that his motion should have been “routinely granted” and cites in support Draper, 2014 IL App (1st) 132073, ¶ 25 .

22022–2024
Ziarko v. Soo Line Railroad green
ill · 1994
2 sentences

2003As a result, the Illinois Supreme Court has discouraged an application of a hard-and-fast rule and stated, “Under the facts of one case, willful and wanton misconduct may be only degrees more than ordinary negligence, while under the facts of another case, willful and wanton acts may be only degrees less than intentional wrongdoing.” Ziarko, 161 Ill. 2d at 275-76 , 641 N.E.2d at 406 .

2003As a result, the Illinois Supreme Court has discouraged an application of a hard-and-fast rule and stated, “Under the facts of one case, willful and wanton misconduct may be only degrees more than ordinary negligence, while under the facts of another case, willful and wanton acts may be only degrees less than intentional wrongdoing.” Ziarko, 161 Ill. 2d at 275-76 , 641 N.E.2d at 406 .

22003–2003
Merchants Bank v. Roberts green
illappct · 1997
2 sentences

2001App. 3d at 943 . " 'What is just and proper must be determined by the facts of each case, not by a hard and fast rule applicable to all situations regardless of the outcome.' " Merchants Bank v. Roberts , 292 Ill.

2001App. 3d at 943 . “ ‘ “What is just and proper must be determined by the facts of each case, not by a hard and fast rule applicable to all situations regardless of the outcome.” ’ ” Merchants Bank v. Roberts, 292 Ill.

22001–2001
Trojan v. Marquette National Bank green
illappct · 1967
2 sentences

1973Bank (1967), 88 Ill.App.2d 428, 438 .) ‘What is just and proper must be determined by the facts of each case, not by a hard and fast rule applicable to all situations regardless of the outcome.” Widicus v. Southwestern Electric Cooperative, Inc., supra. Under the facts of this case we are of the opinion that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to vacate the decree of divorce and that defendant is clearly guilty of unexcusable delay in retaining counsel and entering the case.

1973Bank (1967), 88 Ill.App.2d 428, 438 . ‘What is just and proper must be determined by the facts of each case, not by a hard and fast rule applicable to all situations regardless of the outcome.’ ( Widicus, supra, 109 .) From the facts in this case, we are of the opinion that justice will be accomplished by allowing the defendant his day in court.” Applying these principles to the facts of this case as outlined above, we are of the considered opinion that substantial justice will best be accomplished by aHowing the defendants to have their day in court.

21973–1973
Dunn v. Crichfield neutral
· 1905
2 sentences

1972In People v. Donahoe, 279 Ill. 411, 414 , 117 N.E.2d 105 , 107, the Illinois Supreme Court stated: “* * * The rule is that alleged errors in the ruling of a trial court not argued or brought to the attention of the Appellate Court will be held to have been waived and abandoned and cannot be raised for the first time in this court. [Dunn v. Crichfield, 214 Ill. 292 , 73 N.E. 386 , and cases there cited.] This is not a hard and fast rule, and, where this court can see that the application of it would result in great injustice, it will not be blindly adhered to.” The basic principle of justice in

1972In People v. Donahoe, 279 Ill. 411, 414 , 117 N.E.2d 105 , 107, the Illinois Supreme Court stated: “* * * The rule is that alleged errors in the ruling of a trial court not argued or brought to the attention of the Appellate Court will be held to have been waived and abandoned and cannot be raised for the first time in this court. [Dunn v. Crichfield, 214 Ill. 292 , 73 N.E. 386 , and cases there cited.] This is not a hard and fast rule, and, where this court can see that the application of it would result in great injustice, it will not be blindly adhered to.” The basic principle of justice in

21917–1972
Lynch v. Illinois Hospital Services, Inc. green
illappct · 1963
2 sentences

1968Succeeding cases have reiterated the same principles as expressed in the Widicus case (Kehrer v. Kehrer, 28 Ill App2d 296, 171 NE2d 239 ; Lynch v. Illinois Hospital Services, Inc., 38 Ill App2d 470, 187 NE2d 330 ).

1966What is just and proper must be determined by the facts of each case, not by a hard and fast rule applicable to all situations regardless of the outcome.” Similarly, in Lynch v. Illinois Hospital Services, Inc., 38 Ill App2d 470, 187 NE2d 330 , the court reaffirms the conclusions set forth in the case of Widucus v. Southwestern Electric Cooperative, Inc., supra, and goes on to say (at pages 475, 476): “Reviewing the record and exhibits in this cause, and after having heard the oral arguments of the parties, this court is not unmindful of the fact that the defendant’s attorney, failed not once

21966–1968
Judge v. Bergman green
· 1913
2 sentences

1954As it was said in the case of Judge v. Bergman, 258 Ill. 246 : “It would not be possible to lay down, in advance, a hard and fast rule by which to determine what is and what is not an ‘adjunct’ or ‘addition,’ within the meaning of Section 7 of the Sanitary District Act.” Each case must be decided upon its own peculiar facts.

1932Since June 29, 1923, section 19 reads in part as follows: “The board of trustees shall have the power to build and construct and to defray the costs and expenses of the construction of drains, sewers, or laterals, or drains and sewers and laterals and other necessary adjuncts thereto, including pumps and pumping stations, made' by it in the execution or in furtherance of the powers heretofore granted to such sanitary district by special assessment or by general taxation, as they shall by ordinance prescribe.” In the case of City of Chicago v. Green, 238 Ill. 258 , and Judge v. Bergman, 258 Ill

21932–1954
Chicago City Railway Co. v. Sandusky neutral
ill · 1902
2 sentences

1932Co. v. Sandusky, 198 Ill. 400 , ‘ ‘ a hard and fast rule that instructions shall be limited to a given number” was regarded as unreasonable, and further, “any rule which would authorize the refusal of an instruction otherwise proper to be given, on the ground, alone, that as many instructions as the rule allowed had been given, could not be defended.” In Osgood v. Skinner, 211 Ill. 229 , the court said, “Parties have the privilege of tendering such instructions concerning the law as they may deem necessary, and the Practice act requires the court to mark them as given or refused, but only auth

1903The Supreme Court has recently, in the case of Chicago City Railway Company v. Sandusky, 198 Ill. 400 , said that they are inclined to regard as unreasonable a hard and fast rule that instructions shall be limited to a given number.

21903–1932
Wolkowitz v. Jamison green
illappct · 2024
1 sentence

2026Relevant considerations include the diligence or lack thereof by the movant and the relevant hardships on the parties from granting or denying the motion.” Id. ¶ 22 The decision of whether to grant or deny a motion to vacate is within the discretion of the circuit court and will not be reversed absent an abuse of that discretion.

12026–2026
In re Commitment of Curtner green
illappct · 2012
1 sentence

2025We said “should” and not “must.” Curtner, 2012 IL App (4th) 110820, ¶ 21 .

12025–2025
McNulty v. McNulty green
illappct · 2022
1 sentence

2024McNulty, 2022 IL App (1st) 201239, ¶ 43 ; Draper, 2014 IL App (1st) 132073, ¶ 23 .

12024–2024
Marriage of Truhlar v. Truhlar green
illappct · 2010
2 sentences

2011We have no hesitation, therefore, in concluding that it is reasonably related to that legitimate purpose for the legislature to permit the trial court, in its sound discretion, to compel divorced parents to educate their children to the same extent as might reasonably be expected of nondivorced parents.” Kujawinski v. Kujawinski, 71 Ill. 2d 563, 579-80 , 376 N.E.2d 1382, 1390 (1978). ¶ 11 Nonetheless, “ ‘As to the amount of education that should be considered necessary, courts have never laid down a hard and fast rule.’ ” Truhlar, 404 Ill.

2011App. 3d at 180 , 935 N.E.2d at 1202 (quoting Esteb, 244 P. at 265).

12011–2011
Esteb v. Esteb green
wash · 1926
1 sentence

2010The Esteb court noted, "As to the amount of education that should be considered necessary, courts have never laid down a hard and fast rule." Esteb, 138 Wash. at 178 , 244 P. at 265.

12010–2010
Case v. Galesburg Cottage Hospital green
ill · 2007
1 sentence

2010Indeed the supreme court has explained that decisions under Rule 103(b) should be based on the “facts and circumstances of each case individually.” Case, 227 Ill. 2d at 213 .

12010–2010
People v. Brooks green
ill · 1987
11993–1993
People v. Lumpp green
illappct · 1983
11993–1993
People v. Rogers green
ill · 1922
11993–1993
In Re Marriage of Ford green
calctapp · 1972
11982–1982
Miranda v. Arizona green
scotus · 1966
11979–1979
Oregon v. Mathiason green
scotus · 1977
11979–1979
People v. Armstrong green
ill · 1972
11974–1974
Roth v. Northern Assurance Co. Ltd. green
ill · 1964
11973–1973
The PEOPLE v. Cannon green
ill · 1971
11972–1972
People v. Donahoe neutral
ill · 1917
11972–1972
People v. Lillie green
illappct · 1967
11971–1971
Abernathy, Sr. v. People green
illappct · 1970
11971–1971
Kehrer v. Kehrer green
illappct · 1960
11968–1968
Miller v. Paoli neutral
illappct · 1963
11964–1964
People v. Sweeney neutral
ill · 1922
11961–1961
Bunge v. Downers Grove Sanitary District green
ill · 1934
11954–1954
Drezner v. Civil Service Commission green
ill · 1947
11952–1952
Olympic Commissary Co. v. Industrial Commission neutral
ill · 1939
11943–1943
People v. Peck green
ill · 1924
11942–1942
Nelson Bros. v. Industrial Commission neutral
ill · 1928
11939–1939
Brock v. Stines neutral
ill · 1913
11934–1934
Osgood v. Skinner green
ill · 1904
11932–1932
City of Chicago v. Green green
· 1909
11932–1932

Statutes the citing opinions construe

IL § 735 ILCS 5/2-1301 (18) IL § 735 ILCS 5/2-1401 (11) IL § 735 ILCS 5/2-619 (5) IL § 735 ILCS 5/13-217 (3) IL § 735 ILCS 5/15-1101 (3) IL § 735 ILCS 5/15-1603 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

IL 63 (1903–2026) PA 56 (1899–2023) MD 54 (1939–2022) TX 50 (1949–2023) CA 41 (1907–2026) MO 40 (1909–2019) WA 39 (1909–2026) LA 37 (1931–2010) NY 34 (1896–2018) IN 32 (1909–2024) FL 27 (1958–2020) MI 27 (1906–2024) OH 27 (1902–2024) OR 25 (1896–2025) TN 24 (1960–2025) NJ 19 (1924–2018) OK 18 (1924–2021) MA 17 (1915–2014) NE 17 (1904–2026) AL 16 (1927–2025) HI 15 (1959–2025) DC 15 (1963–2025) KS 15 (1905–2019) IA 15 (1926–2025) GA 14 (1915–2020) CT 13 (1964–2017) KY 11 (1909–2023) SC 11 (1930–2009) VT 11 (1933–2019) WV 10 (1953–2025) MS 10 (1984–2017) MT 10 (1922–2016) MN 8 (1949–2024) NM 8 (1966–2024) CO 8 (1947–2025) RI 7 (2004–2022) WI 7 (1929–1996) DE 6 (1933–2024) UT 6 (1902–2024) AZ 5 (1975–2016) ME 5 (1963–2002) VA 5 (1915–2007) NC 4 (1929–2012) ID 3 (1939–2020) AR 3 (1992–2000) NV 3 (1951–2012) ND 2 (1992–2009) NH 2 (1973–1975) WY 2 (1975–1981) AK 2 (1990–1995)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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