circumstances test (West Virginia) · Go Syfert
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circumstances test in West Virginia

8 West Virginia opinions name it 1 courts 1940–2026 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by West Virginia courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (4)

CaseFollowedCited
Michigan v. Bryantgreen
scotus · 2011 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
1 sentence

2026“In the end, the question is whether, in light of all the circumstances, viewed objectively, the ‘primary purpose’ of the conversation was to ‘creat[e] an out-of-court substitute for trial testimony.’” Ohio v. Clark, 576 U.S. 237, 245 (2015) (quoting Bryant, 562 U.S. at 358).

11
Ohio v. Clarkgreen
scotus · 2015 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026
1 sentence

2026“In the end, the question is whether, in light of all the circumstances, viewed objectively, the ‘primary purpose’ of the conversation was to ‘creat[e] an out-of-court substitute for trial testimony.’” Ohio v. Clark, 576 U.S. 237, 245 (2015) (quoting Bryant, 562 U.S. at 358).

11
Haley v. Ohiogreen
scotus · 1948 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
2 sentences

1995See Haley v. Ohio, 332 U.S. 596, 599-600 , 68 S.Ct. 302, 303-04 , 92 L.Ed. 224 , 228-29 (1948); Gallegos v. Colorado, 370 U.S. 49, 54-55 , 82 S.Ct. 1209, 1212-13 , 8 L.Ed.2d 325, 328-29 (1962).

1995See Haley v. Ohio, 332 U.S. 596, 599-600 , 68 S.Ct. 302, 303-04 , 92 L.Ed. 224 , 228-29 (1948); Gallegos v. Colorado, 370 U.S. 49, 54-55 , 82 S.Ct. 1209, 1212-13 , 8 L.Ed.2d 325, 328-29 (1962).

11
Gallegos v. Coloradogreen
scotus · 1962 · cited in 1 West Virginia opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995
2 sentences

1995See Haley v. Ohio, 332 U.S. 596, 599-600 , 68 S.Ct. 302, 303-04 , 92 L.Ed. 224 , 228-29 (1948); Gallegos v. Colorado, 370 U.S. 49, 54-55 , 82 S.Ct. 1209, 1212-13 , 8 L.Ed.2d 325, 328-29 (1962).

1995See Haley v. Ohio, 332 U.S. 596, 599-600 , 68 S.Ct. 302, 303-04 , 92 L.Ed. 224 , 228-29 (1948); Gallegos v. Colorado, 370 U.S. 49, 54-55 , 82 S.Ct. 1209, 1212-13 , 8 L.Ed.2d 325, 328-29 (1962).

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in West Virginia. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (9)

CaseCitedYears
Pioneer Investment Services Co. v. Brunswick Associates Ltd. Partnership green
scotus · 1993
1 sentence

2003The circumstances of the error were obviously within counsel’s control, but their noncom-munication and resulting inaction amounts only to an “omission[ ] caused by carelessness.” See [Pioneer], at 388, 113 S.Ct. at 1495 .

12003–2003
Orr v. Crowder green
wva · 1984
2 sentences

1993In Orr v. Crowder, 173 W.Va. 335 , 315 S.E.2d 593 (1983), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 981 , 105 S.Ct. 384 , 83 L.Ed.2d 319 (1984), this Court analyzed the circumstances which a trial court should analyze in determining whether there is sufficient evidence to support a jury’s verdict.

1993In Orr v. Crowder, 173 W.Va. 335 , 315 S.E.2d 593 (1983), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 981 , 105 S.Ct. 384 , 83 L.Ed.2d 319 (1984), this Court analyzed the circumstances which a trial court should analyze in determining whether there is sufficient evidence to support a jury’s verdict.

11993–1993
Beaufort Gazette v. DeLoach green
scotus · 1984
1 sentence

1993In Orr v. Crowder, 173 W.Va. 335 , 315 S.E.2d 593 (1983), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 981 , 105 S.Ct. 384 , 83 L.Ed.2d 319 (1984), this Court analyzed the circumstances which a trial court should analyze in determining whether there is sufficient evidence to support a jury’s verdict.

11993–1993
Williams v. Coughlin green
scotus · 1984
1 sentence

1993In Orr v. Crowder, 173 W.Va. 335 , 315 S.E.2d 593 (1983), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 981 , 105 S.Ct. 384 , 83 L.Ed.2d 319 (1984), this Court analyzed the circumstances which a trial court should analyze in determining whether there is sufficient evidence to support a jury’s verdict.

11993–1993
Crowder v. Orr green
scotus · 1984
1 sentence

1993In Orr v. Crowder, 173 W.Va. 335 , 315 S.E.2d 593 (1983), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 981 , 105 S.Ct. 384 , 83 L.Ed.2d 319 (1984), this Court analyzed the circumstances which a trial court should analyze in determining whether there is sufficient evidence to support a jury’s verdict.

11993–1993
Illinois v. Gates green
scotus · 1983
2 sentences

1986We recognized that in Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213 , 103 S.Ct. 2317 , 76 L.Ed.2d 527 (1983), the United States Supreme Court had altered its previous two-pronged standard 2 by adopting a more liberal totality of the circumstances test.

1986We recognized that in Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213 , 103 S.Ct. 2317 , 76 L.Ed.2d 527 (1983), the United States Supreme Court had altered its previous two-pronged standard 2 by adopting a more liberal totality of the circumstances test.

11986–1986
Johnson v. Zerbst green
scotus · 1938
2 sentences

1980Under Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458, 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019, 1023 , 82 L.Ed. 1461 (1938), the State carries the heavy burden of proving “an intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right,” and it is clear that the State cannot measure up to that standard in this instance. 3 Reviewing the circumstances of the waiver we easily reach the conclusion that the waiver was coerced.

1980Under Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458, 464 , 58 S.Ct. 1019, 1023 , 82 L.Ed. 1461 (1938), the State carries the heavy burden of proving “an intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right,” and it is clear that the State cannot measure up to that standard in this instance. 3 Reviewing the circumstances of the waiver we easily reach the conclusion that the waiver was coerced.

11980–1980
Lieberman v. Lieberman green
wva · 1957
1 sentence

1968Lieberman v. Lieberman, 142 W.

11968–1968
State v. John green
wva · 1927
1 sentence

1940State v. John, 103 W.

11940–1940

Where else courts name it

NY 214 (1885–2025) CA 182 (1900–2026) PA 125 (1903–2026) IL 121 (1856–2026) TX 115 (1908–2025) OH 76 (1902–2025) FL 62 (1933–2020) NJ 61 (1949–2026) WI 60 (1915–2026) MD 52 (1964–2025) MA 49 (1917–2020) VA 43 (1877–2023) NC 42 (1924–2026) GA 42 (1905–2025) LA 41 (1965–2020) TN 40 (1918–2026) MO 39 (1897–2021) IN 33 (1925–2020) CO 32 (1945–2026) AL 30 (1926–2024) WA 29 (1960–2026) MT 28 (1912–2020) OR 28 (1959–2026) NE 28 (1932–2026) MI 27 (1921–2026) CT 27 (1978–2026) WY 26 (1934–2026) KY 26 (1916–2023) MN 26 (1949–2024) KS 26 (1926–2025) AZ 26 (1963–2022) VT 26 (1913–2026) NM 22 (1990–2023) SD 18 (1940–2024) MS 16 (1921–2020) HI 16 (1925–2021) DC 16 (1973–2024) IA 16 (1915–2023) ND 13 (1974–2012) ID 12 (1925–2024) DE 12 (1977–2026) NV 11 (1948–2026) AR 11 (1956–2001) ME 11 (1965–2022) UT 11 (1985–2024) SC 10 (1925–2024) OK 9 (1910–2021) WV 8 (1940–2026) NH 8 (1973–2021) AK 7 (1976–1996) RI 6 (1971–2012) VI 3 (2006–2012)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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