ruling error (Texas) · Go Syfert
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ruling error in Texas

261 Texas opinions name it 4 courts 1891–2026 31 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Texas courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (57)

CaseFollowedCited
Carranza v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1998 · cited in 38 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2000–2025
2 sentences

2025“The purpose of the presentment rule is ‘to put the trial court on actual notice that a defendant desires the trial court to take some action on the motion for new trial such as a ruling or a hearing on it.’”1 Id. (quoting Stokes, 277 S.W.3d at 21 ).

2023The purpose of the presentment requirement is to “put the trial court on actual notice that a defendant desires the trial court to take some action on the motion for new trial such as a ruling or a hearing on it.” Carranza v. State, 960 S.W.2d 76, 78 (Tex. Crim.

2638
Stokes v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2009 · cited in 31 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2009–2025
2 sentences

2025“The purpose of the presentment rule is ‘to put the trial court on actual notice that a defendant desires the trial court to take some action on the motion for new trial such as a ruling or a hearing on it.’”1 Id. (quoting Stokes, 277 S.W.3d at 21 ).

2023“The purpose of the presentment rule is ‘to put the trial court on actual notice that a defendant desires the trial court to take some action on the motion for new trial such as a ruling or a hearing on it.’” Navarro, 588 S.W.3d at 691 (quoting Stokes v. State, 277 S.W.3d 20 , 21 3 (Tex. Crim.

1731
In Re Bahngreen
texapp · 2000 · cited in 10 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2007–2021
2 sentences

2021“A party should not be estopped from challenging a court’s order when the party provides to the court a proposed order following what it believes was the court’s ruling at the hearing, and the court signs it.” 15 In re Bahn, 13 S.W.3d 865, 875 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2000, orig. proceeding).

2020“A party should not be estopped from challenging a court’s order when the party provides to the court a proposed order following what it believes was the court’s ruling at the hearing, and the court signs it.” In re Bahn, 13 S.W.3d 865, 875 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2000, orig. proceeding).

1010
John Masek Corp. v. Davisgreen
texapp · 1992 · cited in 9 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2007–2020
2 sentences

2013Cf. In re Bahn, 13 S.W.3d 865, 875 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2000, orig. proceeding) (“A party should not be estopped from challenging a court’s order when the party provides to the court a proposed order following what it believes was the court’s ruling at the hearing, and the court signs it.”); John Masek Corp. v. Davis, 848 S.W.2d 170 , 174–75 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1992, writ denied) (holding that “merely provid[ing] a draft judgment to conform to what the court had announced would be its judgment” does not result in waiver of an appeal).

2011John Masek Corp. v. Davis, 848 S.W.2d 170, 174-75 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1992, writ denied); see also In re Balm, 13 S.W.3d 865, 875 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth 2000, orig. proceeding) (“A party should not be estopped from challenging a court’s order when the party provides to the court a proposed order following what it believes was the court’s ruling at the hearing, and the court signs it.”).

79
Feldman v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2002 · cited in 7 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2010–2016
2 sentences

2016Feldman v. State, 71 S.W.3d 738, 744 (Tex. Crim.

2011Feldman v. State, 71 S.W.3d 738, 744 (Tex.Crim.App.2002).

77
Wills v. Stategreen
texapp · 1994 · cited in 7 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2002–2012
2 sentences

2008A mere showing that counsel failed to obtain a ruling or a hearing on pretrial motions does not establish ineffective assistance of counsel. (3) Wills v. State, 867 S.W.2d 852, 857 (Tex.App.-Houston [14 th Dist.] 1993, pet. ref'd).

2008A mere showing that counsel failed to obtain a ruling or a hearing on pretrial motions does not establish ineffective assistance of counsel.3 Wills v. State, 867 S.W.2d 852, 857 (Tex.App.–Houston [14th Dist.] 1993, pet. ref’d).

77
Johnson v. Coggeshallgreen
texapp · 1979 · cited in 8 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1982–2014
2 sentences

2010In such situations it is said that the appellant has waived his right to complain of the ruling to which no error was assigned.") (quoting Johnson v. Coggeshall , 578 S.W.2d 556, 560 (Tex. Civ.

2010In such situations it is said that the appellant has waived his right to complain of the ruling to which no error was assigned.”) (quoting Johnson v. Coggeshall, 578 S.W.2d 556, 560 (Tex. Civ.

58
Rozell v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2005 · cited in 5 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2011–2023
2 sentences

2020“The purpose of the presentment rule is ‘to put the trial court on actual notice that a defendant desires the trial court to take some action on the motion for new trial such as a ruling or a hearing on it.’” Id. (quoting Stokes, 277 S.W.3d at 21 (quoting Carranza, 960 S.W.2d at 78 )); see Rozell v. State, 176 S.W.3d 228, 230 (Tex. Crim.

2011P. 21.6; Stokes v. State, 277 S.W.3d 20, 21 (Tex.Crim.App.2009) (“The purpose of the presentment rule is ‘to put the trial court on actual notice that a defendant desires the trial court to take some action on the motion for new trial such as a ruling or a hearing on it.’”); Rozell v. State, 176 S.W.3d 228, 231 (Tex.Crim.App.2005) (concluding that defendant does not preserve any error in the trial court’s failure to conduct a hearing if no request for a hearing was presented).

45
Hadden v. Stategreen
texapp · 1992 · cited in 4 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2015
2 sentences

2015These steps must be taken in sequence, and counsel cannot object and move for an instruction and mistrial without obtaining a ruling on the objection." Hines, 269 S.W.3d at214 (quoting Hadden v. State, 829 S.W.2d 838, 841 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1992, pet. refd)). 14 possession ofmarihuana.

2014These steps must be taken in sequence, and counsel cannot object and move for an instruction and mistrial without obtaining a ruling on the objection.” Hines, 269 S.W.3d at 214 (quoting Hadden v. State, 829 S.W.2d 838, 841 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1992, pet. ref’d)). 14 possession of marihuana.

44
Humphries v. ADVANCED PRINT MEDIAgreen
texapp · 2011 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2025
2 sentences

2025Jack v. Holiday World of Hous., 262 S.W.3d 42 , 49–50 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2008, no pet.); Humphries v. Advanced Print Media, 339 S.W.3d 206, 208 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, no pet.); see also Haubold v. Med.

2015Jack v. Holiday World of Houston, 262 S.W.3d 42 , 49–50 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2008, no pet.); Humphries v. Advanced Print Media, 339 S.W. 3d 206, 208 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, no pet.); see also Haubold v. Med.

33
Walnut Equipment Leasing Co. v. J-V Dirt & Loam, a Division of J-V Marble Mfg., Inc.green
texapp · 1995 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
2 sentences

2011Tex.R.App.P. 33; see Walnut, 907 S.W.2d at 912 (holding that: (1) where Walnut specially excepted to an affidavit attached to a motion to dissolve, on the basis that it did not show affiant’s personal knowledge, but failed to obtain a ruling on its exception, Walnut waived the claim for review; and (2) because Walnut never objected in the trial court that the motion to dismiss garnishment action was unsworn, he waived any such complaint on appeal).

2011TEX .R.APP .P. 33; see Walnut, 907 S.W.2d at 912 (holding that: (1) where Walnut specially excepted to an affidavit attached to a motion to dissolve, on the basis that it did not show affiant’s personal knowledge, but failed to obtain a ruling on its exception, Walnut waived the claim for review; and (2) because Walnut never objected in the trial court that the motion to dismiss garnishment action was unsworn, he waived any such complaint on appeal).

33
U.S. EEOC v. W & O, Inc.green
ca11 · 2000 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
2 sentences

2010See United States EEOC v. W & O, Inc., 213 F.3d 600, 614 (11th Cir.2000) (explaining that, "while die employees received [only] economic remedies, the harm was not necessarily purely economic," but also included violation of employees' civil rights and "infliction of worry and emotional upset”). .

2010See United States EEOC v. W & O, Inc., 213 F.3d 600, 614 (11th Cir.2000) (explaining that, "while the employees received [only] economic remedies, the harm was not necessarily purely economic," but also included violation of employees' civil rights and "infliction of worry and emotional upset"). [28] As we reverse the mental-anguish award on evidentiary sufficiency grounds under Safeshred's fifth issue on appeal, we do not address Safeshred's fourth issue on appeal, which asserts that damages for mental anguish are not available in a Sabine Pilot cause of action.

33
Akin v. Dahlgreen
tex · 1983 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008See Akin v. Dahl , 661 S.W.2d 917, 921-22 (Tex. 1983). [10] Continental responds that the district court did not err in disregarding the conspiracy finding on this ground.

2008See Akin v. Dahl, 661 S.W.2d 917, 921-22 (Tex. 1983).10 Continental responds that the district court did not err in disregarding the conspiracy finding on this ground.

33
Balentine v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2002 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
2 sentences

2005Balentine v. State, 71 S.W.3d 763, 768 (Tex.Crim.App.2002).

2005Balentine v. State, 71 S.W.3d 763, 768 (Tex.Crim.App.2002).

33
Huff v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1978 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1981–2002
2 sentences

2002Huff v. State , 560 S.W.2d 652, 653 (Tex. Crim.

2002Huff v. State, 560 S.W.2d 652, 653 (Tex.Crim.App.1978).

33
Bailey v. Rogersgreen
texapp · 1982 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1985–1999
2 sentences

1999See Bailey, 631 S.W.2d at 786 ; Hudson, 488 S.W.2d at 147 .

1990Bailey v. Rogers, 631 S.W.2d 784, 786 (Tex.App.—Austin 1982, no writ); Valley International Properties, Inc. v. Brownsville Savings and Loan Association, 581 S.W.2d 222, 225 (Tex.Civ.App.—Corpus Christi 1979, no writ); Independence Insurance Co. v. Republic National Life Insurance Co., 447 S.W.2d 462, 470 (Tex.Civ.App.—Dallas 1969, writ ref’d n.r.e.).

33
Ford v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2005 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
2 sentences

2005Ford v. State, 158 S.W.3d 488, 492 , 2005 Tex.Crim.

2005Ford v. State, 158 S.W.3d 488, 492 , 2005 Tex.Crim.App.

23
Wesbrook v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2000 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2020–2024
2 sentences

2024See Wesbrook v. State, 29 S.W.3d 103, 119 (Tex. Crim.

2020Wesbrook v. State, 29 S.W.3d 103, 119 (Tex. Crim.

22
Texas Department of Transportation v. Ablegreen
tex · 2000 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2016–2017
2 sentences

2017See Tex. Dep’t. of Transp. v. Able, 35 S.W.3d 608, 618 (Tex. 2000) (holding that exclusion of cumulative testimony was not harmful error).

2016See Tex. Dept. of Transp. v. Able, 35 S.W.3d 608, 618 (Tex. 2000) (holding that exclusion of cumulative testimony was not harmful error).

22
Hixson v. Pride of Texas Distributing Co.green
texapp · 1985 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2007–2017
2 sentences

2017Co., Inc., 683 S.W.2d 173, 176 (Tex.App.--Fort Worth 1985, no writ.) (“Where a judgment may rest upon more than one ground, the party aggrieved must assign error to each such ground, or he has waived his right to complain of the ruling to which no error was assigned.”).

2007Co. , 683 S.W.2d 173, 176 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1985, no writ) (holding that “[w]here a judgment may rest upon more than one ground, the party aggrieved must assign error to each such ground, or he has waived his right to complain of the ruling to which no error was assigned”). 12: See generally Wheeler v. Green , 157 S.W.3d 439, 442-44 (Tex. 2005) (reversing summary judgment based on deemed admissions that pro se plaintiff had failed to timely answer). 13: Rhone-Poulenc, Inc. v. Steel , 997 S.W.2d 217, 223 (Tex. 1999); see Tex. R.

22
Butler v. Stategreen
texapp · 1999 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2011–2015
2 sentences

2015Estrella v. State, 82 S.W.3d 483, 485-86 (Tex. App. – San Antonio 2002, pet dism’d); Butler v. State, 6 S.W.3d 636, 641 (Tex. App. – Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, pet. ref’d).

2011This requirement puts “the trial court on actual notice that a defendant desires the trial court to take some action on the motion for new trial such as a ruling or a hearing on it.’ ” Stokes v. State, 277 S.W.3d 20, 21 (Tex.Crim.App.2009) (quoting Carranza, 960 S.W.2d at 78 ); see Butler v. State, 6 S.W.3d, 636, 639-40 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, pet. ref d) (op. on reh’g) (discussing history of motions for new trial and presentment requirement in criminal cases).

22
Secure Comm, Inc. v. Andersongreen
texapp · 2000 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2002–2015
22
Zuliani v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2003 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2015
2 sentences

2015"The admissibility of an out-of-court statement under the exceptions to the general hearsay exclusion rule is within the trial court's discretion." 14 Zuliani v. State, 97 S.W.3d 589, 595 (Tex. Crim.

2014“The admissibility of an out-of-court statement under the exceptions to the general hearsay exclusion rule is within the trial court’s discretion.” 14 Zuliani v. State, 97 S.W.3d 589, 595 (Tex. Crim.

22
Tovar v. Stategreen
texapp · 2005 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015See id. 29 The trial court’s ruling and instruction were not an abuse of discretion.

2015See id. 29 The trial court’s ruling and instruction were not an abuse of discretion.

22
Davis v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2010 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
22
Green v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1996 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
22
Crawford v. Washingtongreen
scotus · 2004 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
22
Newbury v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2004 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
22
Angleton v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1998 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2002–2002
22
Stewart v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1984 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1989–1992
22
Wilberto Arrellano v. Stategreen
texapp · 2018 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2021–2022
2 sentences

2022To prove presentment, the record must show that the trial court had 13 actual notice of the defendant’s “desire for a ruling or a hearing on the motion.” Arrellano v. State, 555 S.W.3d 647, 655 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2018, pet. ref’d).

2022But here, the record contains no notice of hearing, docket sheet entry setting a hearing date, order resetting or denying the motion, “or other proof that the trial court was actually aware of [appellant]’s request for a ruling or hearing on the motion.” Id.

13
Texas Department of Parks & Wildlife v. Mirandagreen
tex · 2004 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
2 sentences

2015Dist. v. Garcia, 372 S.W.3d 629, 635 (Tex. 2012); Texas Dep’t of Parks & Wildlife v. Miranda, 133 S.W. 3d 217, 228 (Tex. 2004). vii this Court properly takes all evidence favorable to Norma as true and resolves all reasonable inferences and doubts in her favor, then the only proper holding is to allow a jury to determine whether Officer Walkers actions were taken in proper compliance with the laws and ordinances applicable to emergency actions or whether his actions were consciously indifferent to or in reckless disregard of Norma’s safety. 2 By this brief, Norma respectfully requests that the

2015Tex. Dep’t of Parks & Wildlife v. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d 217 , 228–29 (Tex. 2004) (holding that the scheduling of a hearing of a plea to the jurisdiction is left to the discretion of the trial court).

12
Independence Insurance Co. v. Republic National Life Insurance Co.green
texapp · 1969 · cited in 2 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1982–1990
12
Weatherred v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2000 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
11
Lake v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 2017 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
11
Nissan Motor Co. Ltd. v. Armstronggreen
tex · 2004 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
11
Butler v. Stategreen
texcrimapp · 1994 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
11
Moore Landrey, L.L.P. v. Hirsch & Westheimer, P.C.green
texapp · 2003 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
11
Bray v. Fuseliergreen
texapp · 2003 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
11
Ceballos v. El Paso Health Care Systemsgreen
texapp · 1994 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Texas. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (23)

CaseCitedYears
Jack v. HOLIDAY WORLD OF HOUSTON green
texapp · 2008
2 sentences

2025Jack v. Holiday World of Hous., 262 S.W.3d 42 , 49–50 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2008, no pet.); Humphries v. Advanced Print Media, 339 S.W.3d 206, 208 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, no pet.); see also Haubold v. Med.

2015Jack v. Holiday World of Houston, 262 S.W.3d 42 , 49–50 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2008, no pet.); Humphries v. Advanced Print Media, 339 S.W. 3d 206, 208 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, no pet.); see also Haubold v. Med.

22015–2025
Gonzales v. State green
texcrimapp · 2010
2 sentences

2022To demonstrate the ruling was in error “most likely requires a showing that the case for delay was so convincing that no reasonable trial judge could conclude that scheduling and other considerations as well as fairness to the State outweighed the defendant’s interest in delay of the trial.” Id. (internal citation omitted).

2012A showing that the ruling was in error “‘most likely requires a showing that the case for delay was so convincing that no reasonable trial judge could conclude that scheduling and other considerations as well as fairness to the State outweighed the defendant’s interest in delay of the trial.’” Id. at 843 (quoting George E.

22012–2022
Lopez v. State green
texapp · 2003
2 sentences

2020“The purpose of the presentment rule is ‘to put the trial court on actual notice that a defendant desires the trial court to take some action on the motion for new trial such as a ruling or a hearing on it.’” Id. (quoting Stokes, 277 S.W.3d at 21 (quoting Carranza, 960 S.W.2d at 78 )); see Rozell v. State, 176 S.W.3d 228, 230 (Tex. Crim.

2020“The purpose of the presentment rule is ‘to put the trial court on actual notice that a defendant desires the trial court to take some action on the motion for new trial such as a ruling or a hearing on it.’” Id. (quoting Stokes, 277 S.W.3d at 21 (quoting Carranza, 960 S.W.2d at 78 )).

22020–2020
Cuyler v. Sullivan green
scotus · 1980
2 sentences

2015The court of appeals limited analysis to inquiring whether “the conflict had an adverse effect on specific instances of counsel’s performance” thus distorts the ruling and analysis provided by the Supreme Court in Cuyler v. Sullivan, supra. As noted above, this test for determining whether an actual conflict of interest actually exists, as set out in Cuyler v. Sullivan, supra, is much broader.

2015The court of appeals limited analysis to inquiring whether “the conflict had an adverse effect on specific instances of counsel’s performance” thus distorts the ruling and analysis provided by the Supreme Court in Cuyler v. Sullivan, supra. As noted above, this test for determining whether an actual conflict of interest actually exists, as set out in Cuyler v. Sullivan, supra, is much broader.

22015–2015
Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp. v. Malone green
tex · 1998
2 sentences

2015Id.

2015Id.

22015–2015
Ex Parte Chernosky green
· 1949
22010–2010
Moore v. Bank Midwest, N.A. green
texapp · 2001
22003–2003
JC v. State green
texapp · 1995
21998–1998
Lookabaugh v. State green
texcrimapp · 1961
21971–1974
Grayce Oil Co. v. Peterson green
tex · 1936
21954–1955
London Terrace, Inc. v. McAlister green
· 1944
21954–1955
Railroad Commission v. MacKhank Petroleum Co. green
tex · 1945
21954–1955
Lewin v. Houston green
tex · 1852
21906–1929
William J. Kelly Ariel I. Quiros And Technotree International, LLC v. Phillip Hinson and Don Siratt green
texapp · 2012
12026–2026
Keeter v. State green
texcrimapp · 2005
12023–2023
Scott v. State green
texcrimapp · 2007
12022–2022
Glattly v. Air Starter Components, Inc. green
texapp · 2011
12020–2020
Banda v. Garcia Ex Rel. Garcia green
tex · 1997
12019–2019
Lane v. State green
texcrimapp · 1996
12018–2018
Gollihar v. State green
texcrimapp · 2001
12018–2018
Collins v. State green
texcrimapp · 1973
12018–2018
Michelle Elaine Bearnth v. State green
texapp · 2011
12018–2018
Vernco Construction, Inc. v. David Nelson, Individually and D/B/A Collective Contracting, a Sole Proprietorship And E.E. Hood & Sons, Inc. green
tex · 2015
12018–2018

Statutes the citing opinions construe

TX § Tex. Penal Code § 19.02 (9) TX § Tex. Penal Code § 1.07 (8) TX § Tex. Penal Code § 19.03 (8) TX § Tex. Penal Code § 22.01 (8)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

TX 261 (1891–2026) CA 206 (1867–2026) GA 203 (1900–2026) LA 124 (1925–2024) NY 105 (1862–2022) IL 90 (1893–2026) AL 87 (1880–2025) FL 63 (1893–2023) PA 56 (1842–2024) IA 56 (1879–2026) MA 50 (1894–2026) MO 49 (1891–2024) OR 35 (1914–2026) UT 31 (1989–2026) IN 30 (1876–2026) OH 30 (1928–2025) NM 29 (1927–2024) CT 28 (1963–2021) TN 27 (1899–2025) MD 26 (1883–2025) MI 26 (1880–2025) CO 26 (1918–2025) NC 25 (1889–2024) NJ 24 (1935–2021) WA 24 (1905–2025) AZ 24 (1935–2023) VA 21 (1901–2024) DC 21 (1947–2022) KS 20 (1897–2026) AR 16 (1989–2025) MS 14 (1985–2017) SC 14 (1916–2025) ME 14 (1959–2019) WI 14 (1900–2017) AK 13 (1978–2018) KY 12 (1960–2020) OK 12 (1916–2021) WV 11 (1956–2022) ID 9 (1885–2019) WY 8 (1931–2015) NV 8 (1963–2020) VT 8 (1905–2000) SD 8 (1909–2025) MT 8 (1978–2022) NH 7 (1970–2020) MN 6 (1906–2009) NE 5 (1948–2024) RI 4 (2000–2016) HI 4 (1928–2014) DE 2 (1966–1966)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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